Waste incineration plant exhaust steam heat recovery device

Abstract

The application provides a waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device, comprising: a waste steam recovery mechanism for recovering the deaerator exhaust steam and the exhaust steam of the pollution container in the waste incineration plant and collecting and gathering to form heat energy waste steam; a heat energy recovery mechanism in communication connection with the waste steam recovery mechanism for grading recovery of the heat energy waste steam; a recovery coordination module connected with the heat energy recovery mechanism for controlling the temperature and flow rate of the waste steam flow entering the heat energy recovery mechanism to adjust the heat energy recovery efficiency; wherein the heat energy recovery mechanism adopts a three-stage recovery mode for heat energy recovery, and each stage of heat energy recovery is connected through a valve. The application dynamically adjusts the air flow temperature and flow rate of each stage of heat exchanger through the recovery coordination module to ensure the maximum heat recovery efficiency in real time, so that the maximum heat recovery efficiency is realized in the whole heat recovery process, and the waste heat recovery efficiency is effectively improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of waste disposal, in particular relates to a waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Waste incineration is a process of reducing the volume of waste through appropriate thermal decomposition, combustion, melting and other reactions, and becoming residues or molten solid substances through oxidation at high temperature. Waste incineration facilities must be equipped with flue gas treatment facilities to prevent heavy metals, organic pollutants and other pollutants from being discharged into the environment again. Recycling the heat generated by waste incineration can achieve the purpose of waste resource utilization. Waste incineration is an old and traditional method of waste disposal. Since waste is treated by incineration, the effect of volume reduction is significant, land is saved, and various pathogens can be eliminated, and toxic and harmful substances can be converted into harmless substances, so waste incineration has become one of the main methods of municipal waste disposal. Modern waste incinerators are equipped with good smoke purification devices to reduce air pollution.

[0003] During the operation of the waste incineration plant, the deaerator exhaust and the fixed exhaust are usually directly discharged into the atmosphere, causing a large amount of low-grade heat energy to be wasted (the temperature is usually 100-150℃). Direct discharge causes thermal pollution in the plant area, and the steam may contain trace impurities, affecting the environment. In the prior art, some power plants attempt to recover heat through heat exchangers, but there is a problem of low heat recovery efficiency, which cannot well recover and utilize heat. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device to solve the problem of low waste incineration waste heat recovery efficiency in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes and other related purposes, the present application provides a waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device, comprising:

[0006] A waste heat recovery mechanism is used to recover the deaerator exhaust and the exhaust container exhaust in the waste incineration plant and to concentrate and collect the heat energy waste steam;

[0007] A heat energy recovery mechanism is in conductive connection with the waste heat recovery mechanism and is used to recover the heat energy waste steam in stages;

[0008] A recovery coordination module is connected with the heat energy recovery mechanism and is used to control the temperature and flow rate of the waste steam flowing into the heat energy recovery mechanism to adjust the heat energy recovery efficiency;

[0009] The heat energy recovery mechanism recovers heat energy in a three-stage recovery mode, and each stage of heat energy recovery is connected by a valve.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present application, the steam recovery mechanism comprises a buffer tank, input ends of the buffer tank are respectively connected with a first input pipe and a second input pipe, the first input pipe is used for inputting the deaerator exhaust steam, the second input pipe is used for inputting the blowdown vessel exhaust steam, a separation hopper is installed at the top of the buffer tank, first and second filter screens are respectively installed at the top of the separation hopper, the inclination angle of the first filter screen is greater than that of the second filter screen, and a water trap is installed at the top of the separation hopper and used for adsorbing water droplets and particulate matters remaining in the airflow.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, the water trap comprises first and second collection tubes installed at the top of the separation hopper, the first and second collection tubes are connected in a through manner by a flexible sleeve, a plurality of airflow grooves are arranged in the first and second collection tubes, protrusions are uniformly arranged on the inner walls of the airflow grooves, and adjusting members are installed at the two sides of the flexible sleeve to clean the interiors of the airflow grooves by the adjusting members.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present application, the adjusting members comprise a hollow disc installed at the center of the interior of the flexible sleeve, a plurality of through holes opposite to the airflow grooves are arranged at the top and bottom of the hollow disc, a piston rod is arranged in each of the through holes, and a cleaning brush is installed at the end of the piston rod to clean the inner walls of the airflow grooves.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present application, the heat recovery mechanism comprises a flow divider, first, second and third heat exchangers, the input end of the flow divider is connected in a through manner with the top of the water trap through a drain tank, the output ports of the flow divider are respectively connected with first, second and third conveyors, the first conveyor is connected in a through manner with the first heat exchanger, the second conveyor is connected in a through manner with the second heat exchanger, the third conveyor is connected in a through manner with the third heat exchanger, the processed gas is divided by the flow divider, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are connected in a through manner by a first valve, and the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger are connected in a through manner by a second valve.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present application, the heat exchange efficiencies of the first, second and third heat exchangers decrease in sequence, the heat of the first heat exchanger is used for heating desalted water or heating water, and the heat of the second and third heat exchangers is used for a sludge drying system.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, the recovery coordination module comprises a core controller, a first temperature sensor, a first flow meter, a second temperature sensor, a second flow meter, a third temperature sensor and a third flow meter installed inside the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger, the core controller is used to calculate the target temperature and the target flow rate of the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger at the maximum heat exchange efficiency according to the temperature data and the flow data of the first temperature sensor, the first flow meter, the second temperature sensor, the second flow meter, the third temperature sensor and the third flow meter, and adjust the flow divider, the first valve and the second valve according to the target temperature and the target flow rate.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present application, the first temperature sensor is used to detect the first inflow temperature of the airflow in the first heat exchanger, the second temperature sensor is used to detect the second inflow temperature of the airflow in the second heat exchanger, and the third temperature sensor is used to detect the third inflow temperature of the airflow in the third heat exchanger, and the process of calculating the target temperature and the target flow rate by the core controller comprises:

[0017] obtaining the basic parameters of the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger;

[0018] establishing a target heat model according to the basic parameters and setting corresponding constraint conditions;

[0019] iteratively optimizing the target heat model to calculate the target temperature and the target flow rate corresponding to the numerical maximum of the target heat model;

[0020] wherein the basic parameters include heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer area, efficiency coefficient, specific heat capacity, mass flow and cooling water inlet temperature, and the target heat model is updated according to the preset time.

[0021] In an embodiment of the present application, the calculation process of the target heat model satisfies the following formula:

[0022]

[0023] wherein, represents the maximum recovered heat, represents the heat transfer coefficient of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the heat transfer area of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the heat exchange efficiency coefficient of the i-th heat exchanger, the heat exchange efficiency coefficient is the ratio of the actual heat transfer amount of the heat exchanger to the theoretical maximum possible heat transfer amount, and the value is between 0 and 1, represents the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the inflow temperature of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the inlet temperature of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the outflow temperature of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the outlet temperature of the i-th heat exchanger.

[0024] As described above, the waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present application concentrates the deaerator exhaust steam and the exhaust steam of the waste incineration plant through the waste steam recovery mechanism, and recovers the concentrated heat energy waste steam through the heat energy recovery mechanism, and in the recovery process, the air flow temperature and flow of each stage of heat exchanger are dynamically adjusted through the recovery coordination module, to ensure the maximum heat recovery efficiency in real time, so as to maximize the heat recovery efficiency in the whole heat recovery process, and effectively improve the heat recovery efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Fig. 1 The figure shows the overall structure of the waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device of the present application.

[0027] Fig. 2 The figure shows the structure of the dehydrator in the waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device of the present application.

[0028] Fig. 3 The figure shows the structure of the cleaning brush in the waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the disclosure. The present application can also be implemented or applied in different specific embodiments, and the details in the specification can be modified or changed based on different views and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that the following examples and features in the examples can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0030] It should be noted that the figures provided in the following examples only illustrate the basic concept of the present application in a schematic manner, and only show the components related to the present application, not the number, shape and size of the components when actually implemented. The actual implementation of each component may be a random change in shape, number and proportion, and the layout pattern of the components may be more complex.

[0031] The waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device provided by the application recovers the deaerator exhaust and the exhaust of the pollution container in the waste incineration plant through the waste heat recovery mechanism, recovers the heat energy waste steam through the heat energy recovery mechanism, adjusts the air flow temperature and the flow rate of each heat exchanger through the recovery coordination module during the recovery process, and maximizes the heat recovery efficiency, so that the heat recovery efficiency is maximized during the whole heat recovery process, and the heat recovery efficiency is effectively improved.

[0032] Reference Figs. 1 to 3 The application provides a waste incineration plant waste heat recovery device, which comprises the following components in combination:

[0033] A waste heat recovery mechanism 1 is used for recovering the deaerator exhaust and the exhaust of the pollution container in the waste incineration plant and collecting and concentrating heat energy waste steam.

[0034] A heat energy recovery mechanism 2 is in conductive connection with the waste heat recovery mechanism 1 and is used for recovering the heat energy waste steam in stages.

[0035] A recovery coordination module 3 is connected with the heat energy recovery mechanism 2 and is used for controlling the temperature and the flow rate of the waste steam flowing into the heat energy recovery mechanism to adjust the heat energy recovery efficiency.

[0036] The heat energy recovery mechanism 2 recovers heat energy in three stages, and the heat energy recovery mechanisms are in conductive connection through valves.

[0037] In this embodiment, the deaerator exhaust and the exhaust of the pollution container discharged from the waste incineration plant are collected together by the waste heat recovery mechanism 1 to form heat energy waste steam, the heat energy waste steam is recovered in multiple stages by the heat energy recovery mechanism 2, and the recovery coordination module 3 is used for real-time control to adjust the heat energy recovery efficiency during the recovery process, so that the heat energy recovery effect is improved.

[0038] In some embodiments, the waste heat recovery mechanism 1 comprises a buffer tank 11, the input end of the buffer tank 11 is in conductive connection with a first input pipe 12 and a second input pipe 13, the first input pipe 12 is used for inputting the deaerator exhaust, the second input pipe 13 is used for inputting the exhaust of the pollution container, a separation hopper 14 is arranged at the top of the buffer tank 11, a first filter screen 15 and a second filter screen 16 are arranged at the top of the separation hopper 14, the inclination angle of the first filter screen 15 is greater than that of the second filter screen 16, and a water separator 17 is arranged at the top of the separation hopper 14 and is used for adsorbing water droplets and particulate matters remaining in the air flow.

[0039] In the embodiment, the steam extraction mechanism 1 inputs the collected deaerator exhaust steam through the first input pipe 12, inputs the blowdown vessel exhaust steam through the second input pipe 13, and after being mixed into the buffer tank 11, the impurities are separated through the separation hopper 14 to remove the particles and water droplets in the steam, and the subsequent heat energy recovery is facilitated. The steam flow entering the buffer tank 11 collides with the separation hopper 14 at the top, the flow rate is reduced, and the steam slowly passes through the first filter screen 15 and the second filter screen 16 on the two sides, thereby prolonging the time of the steam flow passing through the first filter screen 15 and the second filter screen 16, and improving the filtering effect. Moreover, the inclination angle of the first filter screen 15 is greater than that of the second filter screen 16, so that the steam flow can pass through the first filter screen 15 and the second filter screen 16 at different flow rates, thereby ensuring that the flow after filtering does not appear to affect the subsequent water removal efficiency and heat recovery efficiency.

[0040] Further, by installing the water remover 17 at the top of the separation hopper 14, the water droplets and residual particles remaining in the flow after filtering are further removed by the water remover 17, thereby improving the subsequent heat energy recovery efficiency.

[0041] Specifically, the water remover 17 includes a first collection cylinder 171 and a second collection cylinder 172 installed at the top end of the separation hopper 14, the first collection cylinder 171 and the second collection cylinder 172 are connected through a flexible sleeve 173, and a plurality of flow grooves 174 are arranged in the first collection cylinder 171 and the second collection cylinder 172. The inner walls of the flow grooves 174 are uniformly provided with protrusions, and adjusting members 4 are installed on both sides of the flexible sleeve 173 to clean the inside of the flow grooves 174 through the adjusting members 4.

[0042] In the embodiment, after the flow passes through the first filter screen 15 and the second filter screen 16, it enters the water remover 17 at the top to remove water. First, it enters the first collection cylinder 171, then enters the flexible sleeve 173, and then enters the second collection cylinder 172 at the top. Since the first collection cylinder 171 and the second collection cylinder 172 are both provided with flow grooves 174 with protrusions, the flow effectively removes residual water vapor and particles when passing through the flow grooves 174. For impurities remaining in the flow grooves 174, the adjusting members 4 are used for cleaning, thereby avoiding the problem of blockage affecting subsequent use.

[0043] In some embodiments, the adjusting member 4 comprises a hollow disc 41 installed in the center of the flexible sleeve 173, the top and bottom of the hollow disc 41 are provided with a plurality of through holes 42 opposite to the air flow grooves 174, the through holes 42 are provided with a piston rod 43, the end of the piston rod 43 is provided with a cleaning brush 44 to clean the inner wall of the air flow groove 174.

[0044] Specifically, when the air flow groove 174 needs to be cleaned, the piston rod 43 installed in the hollow disc 41 is pushed up and down, so that the cleaning brush 44 at the end of the piston rod 43 enters the air flow groove 174 to clean, thereby effectively removing the debris remaining in the air flow groove 174 and ensuring the subsequent processing efficiency.

[0045] Further, referring to Fig. 3 Since the cleaning brush 44 is provided with protrusions and recesses on the side surface, and the cleaning brush 44 is made of breathable material, when the piston rod 43 pushes the cleaning brush 44 into the air flow groove 174, the air flow groove 174 is not completely blocked, ensuring normal exhaust of the air flow groove 174 and not affecting the work of the water remover 17.

[0046] In some embodiments, the heat energy recovery mechanism 2 comprises a flow divider 21, a first heat exchanger 22, a second heat exchanger 23 and a third heat exchanger 24, the input end of the flow divider 21 is connected to the top end of the water remover 17 through the drain tank 5, the output of the flow divider 21 is connected with a first conveyor 25, a second conveyor 26 and a third conveyor 27, the first conveyor 25 is connected to the first heat exchanger 22, the second conveyor 26 is connected to the second heat exchanger 23, and the third conveyor 27 is connected to the third heat exchanger 24, so that the processed gas is divided by the flow divider 21, the first heat exchanger 22 and the second heat exchanger 23 are connected by a first valve 28, the second heat exchanger 23 and the third heat exchanger 24 are connected by a second valve 29, the heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchanger 22, the second heat exchanger 23 and the third heat exchanger 24 decreases in turn, the heat of the first heat exchanger 22 is used to heat the desalted water or heating water, and the heat of the second heat exchanger 23 and the third heat exchanger 24 is used for sludge drying system.

[0047] In the embodiment, after the air flow is processed, the diverter 21 directly delivers the air flow to the first heat exchanger 22, the second heat exchanger 23 and the third heat exchanger 24 through the first conveyor 25, the second conveyor 26 and the third conveyor 27 respectively for heat exchange treatment, and the first heat exchanger 22 and the second heat exchanger 23 are connected through the first valve 28, and the second heat exchanger 23 and the third heat exchanger 24 are connected through the second valve 29, so as to realize the conduction between adjacent heat exchangers and improve the heat exchange efficiency. The heat exchange temperature of the first heat exchanger 22 is higher than that of the second heat exchanger 23, and the heat exchange temperature of the second heat exchanger 23 is higher than that of the third heat exchanger 24, so as to realize the staged heat exchange of the heat exchangers and improve the heat exchange efficiency.

[0048] In some other embodiments, the recycling coordination module 3 comprises a core controller 31, a first temperature sensor 32, a first flow meter 33, a second temperature sensor 34, a second flow meter 35, a third temperature sensor 36 and a third flow meter 37 installed inside the first heat exchanger 22, the second heat exchanger 23 and the third heat exchanger 24. The core controller 31 is used to calculate the target temperature and the target flow rate at the maximum heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchanger 22, the second heat exchanger 23 and the third heat exchanger 24 according to the temperature data and the flow data of the first temperature sensor 32, the first flow meter 33, the second temperature sensor 34, the second flow meter 35, the third temperature sensor 36 and the third flow meter 37, and adjust the diverter 21, the first valve 28 and the second valve 29 according to the target temperature and the target flow rate.

[0049] In the embodiment, the recycling coordination module 3 collects temperature data and flow data through the first temperature sensor 32, the first flow meter 33, the second temperature sensor 34, the second flow meter 35, the third temperature sensor 36 and the third flow meter 37 installed inside the first heat exchanger 22, the second heat exchanger 23 and the third heat exchanger 24, so as to calculate the target temperature and the target flow rate at the maximum heat exchange efficiency, and adjust the diverter 21, the first valve 28 and the second valve 29 according to the target temperature and the target flow rate.

[0050] In some other embodiments, the first temperature sensor 32 is used to detect the first inflow temperature of the air flow in the first heat exchanger 22, the second temperature sensor 34 is used to detect the second inflow temperature of the air flow in the second heat exchanger 23, and the third temperature sensor 36 is used to detect the third inflow temperature of the air flow in the third heat exchanger 24. The process of calculating the target temperature and the target flow rate by the core controller 31 comprises:

[0051] obtaining basic parameters of the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger;

[0052] establishing a target heat model according to the basic parameters, and setting a corresponding constraint condition;

[0053] performing iterative optimization on the target heat model to calculate a target temperature and a target flow rate corresponding to a numerical maximum of the target heat model;

[0054] The basic parameters include a heat transfer coefficient, a heat transfer area, an efficiency coefficient, a specific heat capacity, a mass flow rate and a cooling water inlet temperature, and the target heat model is updated at a preset time.

[0055] In this embodiment, after the inflow temperature and flow data inside the first heat exchanger 22, the second heat exchanger 23 and the third heat exchanger 24 are detected by the first temperature sensor 32, the first flow meter 33, the second temperature sensor 34, the second flow meter 35, the third temperature sensor 36 and the third flow meter 37, the core controller 31 performs iterative optimization according to the detected data, so as to calculate the target temperature and the target flow rate at the maximum heat exchange efficiency.

[0056] Specifically, first, the basic parameters of the heat exchanger are obtained, including a heat transfer coefficient, a heat transfer area, an efficiency coefficient, a specific heat capacity C, a mass flow rate m and a cooling water inlet temperature The cooling water inlet temperature represents the temperature of the cooling water entering the heat exchanger, and in the initial state, the cooling water inlet temperatures of the three heat exchangers are all preset values.

[0057] Then, a target heat model is established according to the basic parameters, and a corresponding constraint condition is set, that is, the numerical values of the final target temperature and the target flow rate are between the preset maximum value and the minimum value, to avoid exceeding the limit.

[0058] The calculation process of the target heat model satisfies the following formula:

[0059]

[0060] wherein, represents the maximum recovered heat, represents the heat transfer coefficient of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the heat transfer area of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the heat exchange efficiency coefficient of the i-th heat exchanger, the heat exchange efficiency coefficient being a ratio of the actual heat transfer amount of the heat exchanger to the theoretically maximum possible heat transfer amount, and the value being between 0 and 1, represents the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the inflow temperature of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the inlet temperature of the i-th heat exchanger, This represents the outlet temperature of the i-th heat exchanger. This represents the outlet temperature of the i-th heat exchanger.

[0061] The target heat model was then iteratively optimized. During this optimization process, since the first heat exchanger 22, the second heat exchanger 23, and the third heat exchanger 24 are connected in series, the outlet temperature of the previous heat exchanger is equal to the inlet temperature of the next heat exchanger, and the temperature of the cooling fluid inside the heat exchanger changes with the number of heat exchanger stages. Furthermore, the tube-side pressure drop... It needs to be less than the preset maximum value. That is:

[0062]

[0063] This represents the tube-side pressure drop of the i-th heat exchanger. This indicates the preset maximum value of the tube-side pressure drop, where f is the friction coefficient, and L... i Let D be the tube length of the i-th heat exchanger. i Let be the diameter of the i-th heat exchanger. This represents the fluid density of the cooling liquid in the i-th heat exchanger.

[0064] In the specific iterative optimization, the initial values ​​of the target temperature and target flow rate are first set to the average of their maximum and minimum values, T and V. The corresponding temperature and flow rate are then allocated according to the efficiency ratio of the heat exchanger, and the total heat transfer under the current state is used as a reference value, Q. Then, splitting iterations are performed on both sides of the average temperature T and average flow rate V, and the total heat transfer Q of the heat exchanger after each split iteration is calculated. L and Q R The heat Q during the split to the left L If the value is greater than the reference value Q, then the current splitting point will be used as the reference point to continue splitting to the left and right, and the heat Q at the time of the current split will be recorded. L Using Q as a reference value, repeat the above process until the total heat exchange obtained from the final left and right splits is Q. L and Q R If neither of these values ​​exceeds the reference value Q at the current split point, then the temperature and flow rate at the current split point are taken as the target temperature and target flow rate. The iterative optimization process is then completed, and after verifying that the preceding constraints are met, the target temperature and target flow rate that meet the requirements are output, thus completing the iterative process. Afterwards, the core controller 31 adjusts the splitter 21, the first valve 28, and the second valve 29 based on the calculated target temperature and target flow rate, so that the temperature and flow rate of the airflow in the first heat exchanger 22, the second heat exchanger 23, and the third heat exchanger 24 reach the target temperature and target flow rate, thereby maximizing heat exchange efficiency, maximizing the utilization of exhaust steam heat, and reducing heat waste.

[0065] In summary, the waste incineration plant steam heat recovery device of the present application, the steam recovery mechanism concentrates the deaerator exhaust and the exhaust of the pollution container in the waste incineration plant, and the heat energy recovery mechanism classifies the heat energy steam recovery, and in the recovery process, the recovery coordination module adjusts the airflow temperature and flow of each stage of the heat exchanger, so as to maximize the heat recovery efficiency, so as to maximize the heat recovery efficiency in the whole heat recovery process, and effectively improve the heat recovery efficiency. Therefore, the present application effectively overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0066] The above embodiments only exemplarily illustrate the principles and effects of the present application, and are not used to limit the present application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes completed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical idea disclosed by the present application should be covered by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A waste incineration plant exhaust steam heat recovery device characterized by comprising: The utility model relates to a waste heat recovery system for waste incineration plant, which comprises a waste heat recovery mechanism and a recovery coordination module. The waste heat recovery mechanism comprises a buffer tank, a first input pipe and a second input pipe, a separation hopper, a first filter screen and a second filter screen, a water separator, a diverter, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a first conveyor, a second conveyor, a third conveyor, a first temperature sensor, a first flow meter, a second temperature sensor, a second flow meter, a third temperature sensor and a third flow meter. The water separator comprises a first collection cylinder and a second collection cylinder. The recovery coordination module comprises a core controller. The first collection cylinder and the second collection cylinder are connected by a flexible sleeve. The flexible sleeve is provided with an adjusting member on both sides. The adjusting member is used to clean the inside of the air flow groove. ​ 2. The waste incineration plant exhaust heat recovery device according to claim 1, characterized by, ​ 3. The waste incineration plant exhaust heat recovery device according to claim 2, characterized by, The adjusting part comprises a hollow disc mounted in the center of the flexible sleeve, the top and bottom of the hollow disc are provided with a plurality of through holes opposite to the air flow grooves, the through holes are provided with a piston rod, and the end of the piston rod is provided with a cleaning brush to clean the inner wall of the air flow groove.

4. The waste incineration plant exhaust heat recovery device according to claim 1, characterized by, The heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger decreases in turn, the heat of the first heat exchanger is used to heat desalted water or heating water, and the heat of the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger is used for a sludge drying system.

5. The waste incineration plant exhaust heat recovery device according to claim 1, characterized by, The first temperature sensor is used to detect the first inflow temperature of the airflow in the first heat exchanger, the second temperature sensor is used to detect the second inflow temperature of the airflow in the second heat exchanger, the third temperature sensor is used to detect the third inflow temperature of the airflow in the third heat exchanger, and the process of calculating the target temperature and the target flow rate by the core controller comprises: obtaining the basic parameters of the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger; establishing a target heat model according to the basic parameters and setting a constraint condition correspondingly; iterative optimization is performed on the target heat model to calculate the target temperature and target flow rate corresponding to the numerical maximum of the target heat model; Wherein, the basic parameters include heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer area, efficiency coefficient, specific heat capacity, mass flow and cooling water inlet temperature, and the target heat model is updated according to the preset time; The constraint condition is that the numerical value of the final target temperature and target flow rate is between the preset maximum value and minimum value, so as to avoid exceeding the limit; The iterative optimization process comprises: firstly, setting the initial value of the target temperature and the target flow rate as the average value T and V of the maximum value and the minimum value, and distributing the corresponding temperature and flow rate according to the efficiency proportion of the heat exchanger, taking the total heat exchange amount in the current state as the reference value Q, then splitting and iterating to the left and right of the average temperature T and the average flow rate V, and calculating the total heat exchange amount LQ and QR of the heat exchanger after splitting and iterating, when the heat LQ on the left side is greater than the reference value Q, the current splitting point is taken as the reference point to continue splitting to the left and right, and the heat LQ at the current splitting point is taken as the reference value Q, the above process is repeated until the total heat exchange amount LQ and QR obtained by left and right splitting finally does not exceed the reference value Q of the current splitting point, then the temperature and flow rate of the current splitting point are taken as the target temperature and target flow rate, and the target temperature and target flow rate meeting the requirements are output after verifying the compliance of the above constraint condition, so as to complete the iterative process.

6. The waste incineration plant exhaust heat recovery device according to claim 5, characterized by The calculation process of the target heat model satisfies the following formula: wherein, represents the maximum recovered heat, represents the heat transfer coefficient of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the heat transfer area of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the heat exchange efficiency coefficient of the i-th heat exchanger, which is the ratio of the actual heat transfer amount of the heat exchanger to the theoretically maximum possible heat transfer amount, and has a value between 0 and 1, represents the logarithmic mean temperature difference of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the inflow temperature of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the inlet temperature of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the outflow temperature of the i-th heat exchanger, represents the outlet temperature of the i-th heat exchanger.

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