Miniaturized laminated antenna
By setting through holes on the dielectric substrate of the stacked antenna and optimizing the feed network, the problem of mutual interference between antennas in the stacked antenna was solved, the bandwidth was improved and the ideal signal propagation effect was achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610084370.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-27
AI Technical Summary
In stacked antennas, the mutual interference between antennas leads to a narrowing of bandwidth, making it impossible to achieve the ideal signal propagation effect.
Through-holes are provided on each dielectric substrate to ensure that the resonant components between antennas only contain the components they need. They are connected by series or parallel feed networks to avoid mutual interference between antennas. The position and size of the through-holes are optimized to reduce frequency interference.
The bandwidth of the stacked antenna was increased, achieving a more ideal signal propagation effect without affecting the consistency of the product's lateral dimensions and antenna pattern.
Smart Images
Figure CN121584233A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antenna design, and particularly relates to a miniaturized laminated antenna. BACKGROUND
[0002] An antenna is a carrier of signal propagation. In the process of antenna design, multiple antennas in a long sleeve-shaped product are usually designed in a laminated form to obtain a laminated antenna.
[0003] However, due to the mutual influence between antennas in the laminated antenna (for example, blocking, energy coupling, mutual cancellation when the frequencies coincide, and polarization change of the antennas, etc.), the bandwidth (i.e., the effective working frequency range of the antenna) of the laminated antenna is narrowed, so that a more ideal signal propagation effect cannot be obtained. SUMMARY
[0004] The present application provides a miniaturized laminated antenna, which avoids the mutual influence between antennas in the laminated antenna as much as possible by respectively arranging corresponding wire holes on each dielectric substrate of the laminated antenna, so as to improve the bandwidth of the laminated antenna and achieve a more ideal signal propagation effect.
[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A miniaturized laminated antenna, comprising: a plurality of antenna modules and a ground plate which are sequentially stacked and electrically connected. Each of the plurality of antenna modules comprises a dielectric substrate and an antenna attached above the dielectric substrate; and a wire hole penetrating the dielectric substrate is arranged on each of the dielectric substrates included in the plurality of antenna modules. For each of the plurality of dielectric substrates, the frequency of the resonance component between each of the plurality of antennas and the remaining antennas is a frequency other than an odd multiple of the resonance frequency of the antenna. For the wire hole arranged on each of the plurality of dielectric substrates, the position of the wire hole on the dielectric substrate is arranged according to the following principles: the wire hole does not overlap with any of the antennas in the miniaturized laminated antenna; the wire hole is not arranged along the polarization direction of any of the antennas in the miniaturized laminated antenna; the wire hole has the same position on the dielectric substrate as the wire hole of the antenna in the same feed network in the miniaturized laminated antenna; and the feed network is a series feed network or a parallel feed network.
[0006] In an implementation manner, the guided wave wavelength of each of the plurality of antennas λ g satisfies: wherein, f 0 is the working frequency of the antenna, c is the speed of light, is the relative dielectric constant of the bottom layer medium of the antenna, is the relative dielectric constant of the top layer medium of the antenna.
[0007] In an implementation, the resonant frequency of each antenna in the plurality of antennas satisfies: f wherein, c is the speed of light, a is the antenna size, εr1 is the relative permittivity of the antenna bottom layer medium, εr2 is the relative permittivity of the antenna top layer medium.
[0008] In an implementation, the thickness of each dielectric substrate in the plurality of dielectric substrates satisfies the following two formulas: wherein, c is the speed of light, f1 is the operating frequency of the antenna above the dielectric substrate, f2 is the operating frequency of the antenna below the dielectric substrate, εr is the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate.
[0009] In an implementation, the size and position of the plurality of wire passing holes provided on the plurality of dielectric substrates can be the same or different; The size of the wire passing hole ranges from 0.5mm to 5mm.
[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects.
[0011] The present application provides a miniaturized laminated antenna, for each antenna module in the plurality of antenna modules stacked and electrically connected in sequence, a dielectric substrate and an antenna attached above the dielectric substrate are provided, and each dielectric substrate is provided with a wire passing hole. Through the provision of the wire passing hole, the resonant components between the antennas contained in the laminated antenna only contain the components required by the antennas themselves, thereby avoiding the mutual influence between the antennas in the laminated antenna as much as possible, improving the bandwidth of the laminated antenna, and achieving a relatively ideal signal propagation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0012] Figure 1 is one of the laminated antenna structure schematic diagrams in the prior art provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 is another laminated antenna structure schematic diagram in the prior art provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 3 is a wire passing hole position schematic diagram provided by the embodiments of the present application; Figure 4 is a structure diagram of a miniaturized laminated antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a structure diagram of a miniaturized laminated antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a structure diagram of a miniaturized laminated antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application; In the structure diagram, 1 represents an antenna module, 11 represents a dielectric substrate, 12 represents an antenna, 13 represents a wire hole, and 2 represents a ground plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] In the description and claims of the application, the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish between different objects, and are not used to describe a particular order.
[0014] In the embodiments of the present application, "and / or" represents the relationship between the objects, for example, A and / or B can represent the following three cases: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously.
[0015] In the embodiments of the present application, the words "exemplary" or "for example" are used to represent an example, illustration or description. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Rather, the words "exemplary" or "for example" are intended to present the relevant concept in a specific manner.
[0016] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more. For example, a plurality of antennas refers to two or more antennas.
[0017] The miniaturized laminated antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application can avoid the mutual influence between antennas in the laminated antenna, can improve the bandwidth of the laminated antenna, and thus realizes a relatively ideal signal propagation effect.
[0018] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 A specific structure of a laminated antenna commonly used in the prior art is given. Figure 1 In the laminated antenna in the prior art, due to the limited size, a high-frequency antenna and a low-frequency antenna are placed in a laminated form, and a dielectric block is arranged in the middle to pad the two antennas. If the materials of the two antennas are the same, the size of the high-frequency antenna is usually smaller than that of the low-frequency antenna. For convenience, the high-frequency antenna is usually arranged at the upper part (blue), and the low-frequency antenna is arranged at the lower part (orange), so that the coaxial line of the high-frequency antenna can pass through the center position (hollow part) of the entire structure.
[0019] The advantage of this is that for a general antenna, the center symmetric position is the current strong point, and the change at this position has relatively small influence on the antenna performance itself. In order to minimize the influence of the coaxial line position uncertainty, the channel part can be entirely covered with copper, and the coaxial line is located inside the closed metal, so that the influence of the coaxial line position is small.
[0020] The disadvantage of this is that if the coaxial line needs a large joint, the space needed to avoid the large joint will be large, which can affect the low frequency antenna performance; if the low frequency antenna feed position is close to the center, the antenna bandwidth will be narrowed after the hole is opened; the antenna outlet position lacks freedom, etc. Taking the existing antenna as an example, the suitable feed position of the existing antenna without a center hole is 4 mm from the center. When a hole with a diameter of 3.5 mm is opened for the coaxial line to avoid, the distance from the normal feed position is only 0.5 mm, which cannot be realized in structure, and the coaxial line feed position is moved to 4.7 mm from the center, so the bandwidth of the antenna is narrowed.
[0021] In order to solve the problem that the bandwidth of the stacked antenna is narrowed due to the mutual influence between the antennas in the stacked antenna (for example, blocking, energy coupling, mutual cancellation when the frequencies overlap, and polarization change of the antennas, etc.) in the background art, so that a more ideal signal propagation effect cannot be obtained, the embodiments of the present application provide a miniaturized stacked antenna, so as to avoid the mutual influence between the antennas in the stacked antenna as much as possible, the bandwidth of the stacked antenna can be improved, and a more ideal signal propagation effect can be realized.
[0022] For example, the embodiments of the present application provide a miniaturized stacked antenna, which comprises a plurality of antenna modules 1 and a ground plate 2 which are stacked in sequence and electrically connected.
[0023] Each of the plurality of antenna modules 1 comprises a dielectric substrate 11 and an antenna 12 attached above the dielectric substrate 11. Generally, the operating frequencies of the plurality of antennas 12 included in the plurality of antenna modules 1 can gradually decrease from top to bottom, and the operating frequencies of the plurality of antennas 12 included in the plurality of antenna modules 1 can also change in other ways from top to bottom, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. The miniaturization refers to a diameter ≤ 60 mm or a side length ≤ 60 mm, and the miniaturization can also cover other sizes within a reasonable range, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. The ground plate 2 is a commonly used technical means in the technical field, and the embodiments of the present application will not make further description of the ground plate 2.
[0024] Optionally, the guided wave wavelength of each of the plurality of antennas 12 λ g satisfies: wherein, f 0 is the operating frequency of the antenna, c is the speed of light, εr1 is the relative permittivity of the antenna bottom layer, εr2 is the relative permittivity of the antenna top layer.
[0025] The resonant frequency of each of the plurality of antennas 12 f satisfies: wherein, is the antenna size.
[0026] Further, the plurality of antenna modules 1 each comprises a dielectric substrate 11 provided with a through-hole 13 penetrating the dielectric substrate 11. It can be understood that the through-hole 13 plays a crucial role in miniaturized stacked antennas, and its main functions include: electrical interconnection and feeding (such as ground layer, antenna radiation patch, feed line), impedance matching and tuning (such as position tuning, inductive / capacitive compensation), forming new radiation structures (such as hole wall acting as a radiator, suppressing surface waves), and realizing multi-function and miniaturization (such as creating short circuit paths / loading, building decoupling structures).
[0027] It should be understood that the size and position of the plurality of through-holes 13 provided on the plurality of dielectric substrates 11 can be the same or different. For the stacked antenna comprising a plurality of antennas 12 in the embodiment of the present application, the number of holes increases by one for each layer, rather than all holes being punched through each layer. Therefore, for the middle layer, some of the through-holes 13 can be shared, and in this document, each hole can be the same or different for generality. In one application scenario, the size of the through-hole 13 can be in the range of 0.5-5mm.
[0028] It can be understood that the existing stacked antenna has a great limitation on the wire outlet. If the antenna at the top has a lower frequency and the natural feeding position is not on the symmetry axis, it is difficult for the coaxial cable to pass out from the center of the antenna at the bottom. For the layout of more than two stacked antennas, the requirement will be higher. Therefore, for the layout of the stacked antenna, the most critical thing is that the passing-out position of the antenna (i.e., the position of the through-hole 13) needs to not affect the original function of the antenna. Taking Figure 2 as an example, for a rectangular antenna, the antenna mode it usually uses is the half-wavelength mode in the length direction of the antenna, that is, the antenna size corresponds to half of the guided wave wavelength, which is determined by the surrounding environment of the antenna.
[0029] For each of the plurality of dielectric substrates 11, the position of the via hole 13 on the dielectric substrate 11 is selected according to the principle that the frequency of the resonance component between each of the plurality of antennas 12 and the rest of the antennas 12 is a frequency other than an odd multiple of the resonance frequency of the antenna 12.
[0030] For each of the plurality of dielectric substrates 11, the position of the via hole 13 on the dielectric substrate 11 is selected according to the principle that the frequency of the resonance component between each of the plurality of antennas 12 and the rest of the antennas 12 is a frequency other than an odd multiple of the resonance frequency of the antenna 12. Figure 3
[0031] The above position selection principle is described below.
[0032] In addition to the out-line, the polarization is also a key element of the mutual influence between antennas. For the stacked antenna, the polarization needs to be staggered as much as possible. Taking the rectangular antenna in the above figure as an example, when the rectangular long-side antenna mode is used, the polarization (the polarization describes the vibration direction of the electric field vector in the electromagnetic wave in space) is linear polarization along the long side. At this time, several such antennas need to be staggered by an angle in the length direction to reduce their mutual influence.
[0033] In addition to the antennas with the same frequency, the antennas with different basic working frequencies also have mutual influence because the antennas also generate higher frequency resonance components, usually odd multiples of the resonance frequency. If the resonance frequency is f , there will also be 3 f , 5 f , 7 f ……and various resonance components. Other components are often not required by the antenna itself. Therefore, in order to reduce the mutual influence, attention also needs to be paid to not allowing the working frequencies of the antennas to form such a frequency multiplication relationship. The high-order modes of each can appear at the same frequency point (the system does not work at the frequency of the high-order mode, and there is no influence).
[0034] Therefore, for the stacked antenna containing two antennas, the arrangement of the antennas is as shown in Figure 4 . For the stacked antenna containing three antennas, the arrangement of the antennas is as shown in Figure 5 . For the stacked antenna containing four antennas, the arrangement of the antennas is as shown in Figure 6 .
[0035] It should be noted that during the antenna stacking process, there is a certain gap between the antennas according to the function (corresponding to the thickness of the medium substrate 11 in the embodiment of the application ), and the equivalent thickness of the gap cannot exceed 1 / 4 of the waveguide wavelength of the antennas on the upper and lower sides of the gap. Therefore, the thickness of each medium substrate 11 in the above plurality of medium substrates 11 satisfies the following two formulas: wherein, is the operating frequency of the antenna above the medium substrate 11, is the operating frequency of the antenna below the medium substrate 11, is the relative dielectric constant of the medium substrate 11.
[0036] In summary, the above-mentioned miniaturized stacked antenna provided by the embodiment of the application has the following three advantages.
[0037] ① The stacked antenna can be realized for any frequency combination of multiple antennas.
[0038] The advantage ① is explained as follows.
[0039] Since the commonly used multi-antenna combination in the prior art adopts a horizontal arrangement (such as tiling or placing on different surfaces of the product), such an arrangement will limit the number of antennas and also affect the horizontal size of the product, thereby failing to obtain a relatively ideal signal propagation effect.
[0040] Correspondingly, the miniaturized stacked antenna in the embodiment of the application is placed in a longitudinal stacking manner in the cylindrical inner portion, which does not affect the horizontal size of the product, and since the antenna itself is relatively thin, the space is basically not increased, thereby enabling a relatively ideal signal propagation effect to be obtained in a limited space.
[0041] ② The antenna bandwidth is not affected during the stacking process.
[0042] The advantage ② is explained as follows.
[0043] It can be understood that the mutual influence of the bandwidth of the antennas is mainly affected by the frequency relationship of the antennas and the placement distance of the antennas. The miniaturized stacked antenna in the embodiment of the application solves the problem of mutual influence of the bandwidth of the antennas due to the frequency relationship, and therefore the antenna bandwidth is not affected during the stacking process.
[0044] ③ The antenna pattern is basically consistent after stacking.
[0045] The advantage ③ is explained as follows.
[0046] Since the miniaturized laminated antennas in the embodiments of the present application all adopt the scheme of going upward along the cylindrical structure, there is no design of different antenna positions or extremely complex shapes, and thus the antenna patterns of the above miniaturized laminated antennas are basically consistent.
[0047] Each of the embodiments in the specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each of the embodiments mainly explains the difference from other embodiments.
[0048] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims
1. A miniaturized stacked antenna, characterized in that, include: Multiple antenna modules (1) and ground plane (2) are stacked in sequence and electrically connected. Each of the plurality of antenna modules (1) includes a dielectric substrate (11) and an antenna (12) attached above the dielectric substrate (11); each of the plurality of antenna modules (1) has a through hole (13) penetrating the dielectric substrate (11). For each of the plurality of dielectric substrates (11), the frequency of the resonant component between each of the plurality of antennas (12) and the other antennas (12) is a frequency other than an odd multiple of the resonant frequency of the antenna (12). For the vias (13) provided on each of the plurality of dielectric substrates (11), the position of the vias (13) on the dielectric substrate (11) is set according to the following principles: the vias (13) do not overlap with any of the antennas (12) in the miniaturized stacked antenna (12); the vias (13) are not set along the polarization direction of any of the antennas (12) in the miniaturized stacked antenna (12); the position of the vias (13) is the same as that of the vias (13) on the dielectric substrate (11) where the antennas (12) in the miniaturized stacked antenna (12) are located in the same feed network; the feed network is a series feed network or a parallel feed network.
2. The miniaturized stacked antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide wavelength of each of the plurality of antennas (12) λ g All satisfy: in, f 0 represents the antenna's operating frequency. At the speed of light, The relative permittivity of the underlying medium of the antenna. is the relative permittivity of the top dielectric layer of the antenna.
3. A miniaturized stacked antenna as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The resonant frequency of each of the plurality of antennas (12) f All satisfy: in, At the speed of light, Antenna size, The relative permittivity of the underlying medium of the antenna. is the relative permittivity of the top dielectric layer of the antenna.
4. A miniaturized stacked antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of each of the plurality of dielectric substrates (11) Both satisfy the following two formulas: in, At the speed of light, This is the operating frequency of the antenna above the dielectric substrate. The operating frequency of the antenna beneath the dielectric substrate. is the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate.
5. A miniaturized stacked antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The size and position of the multiple through holes (13) provided on the multiple dielectric substrates (11) can be the same or different; The size of the wire hole (13) ranges from 0.5 to 5 mm.