A method and system for multiple reflection cancellation of a microwave receiving antenna system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of microwave receiving antenna, and provides a multiple reflection elimination method and system of a microwave receiving antenna system, the method comprising: obtaining an environmental parameter reflecting a change in electrical characteristics of an antenna packaging shell, and obtaining a signal characteristic reflecting an influence of a microwave signal on the antenna packaging shell; based on the environmental parameter and the signal characteristic, evaluating the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell, and judging an impedance matching requirement between the antenna packaging shell and the receiving antenna; according to the impedance matching requirement, adjusting electrical characteristics of a matching layer arranged between the receiving antenna and the antenna packaging shell; again obtaining the signal characteristic, and based on the again obtained signal characteristic, verifying and iteratively optimizing the adjustment of the electrical characteristics of the matching layer. The present application has the effect of improving the quality of multiple reflection elimination of the microwave receiving antenna system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of microwave receiving antennas, and in particular to a multiple reflection elimination method and system for a microwave receiving antenna system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern industrial production, in order to ensure product quality and production efficiency, real-time and accurate online monitoring of material moisture content becomes crucial. Microwave penetration measurement method has been widely used in the fields of chemical industry, food processing and mining industry due to its non-contact and continuous monitoring characteristics. However, in actual deployment, in order to cope with harsh industrial environments such as high dust and high humidity, the receiving antenna usually needs to be packaged in a sealed shell. This protective measure, while providing necessary protection, has also inadvertently introduced a new technical problem, i.e. the shell itself may become a source of multiple reflections of microwave signals.

[0003] For example, in the field of industrial online moisture measurement, microwave penetration measurement method is widely used in chemical industry, food processing and mining industry due to its non-contact, real-time and continuous monitoring advantages. This method is based on the transmission module transmitting 2-6GHz microwave signals to the measured medium, and detecting the energy change by the receiving module after the microwave signals penetrate through the material. Since water molecules are polar and can absorb microwave energy, the content and the absorption amount are linearly related, thereby realizing accurate determination of moisture content. In order to ensure the stability of the antenna in high dust or high humidity industrial environment, the transmitting and receiving antennas often need to be packaged in a sealed shell to prevent dust or water vapor from adhering to affect the performance, but this protective measure also introduces additional technical complexity.

[0004] In existing microwave receiving antenna systems, the material and geometric design of the shell often become the source of multiple reflection problems. Specifically, when the microwave signal propagates to the shell panel, if the panel material has too high electric field propagation ability (such as metal conductive material) or unreasonable shape (such as flat design), part of the energy will form a reflected wave, which will superimpose with the transmitted wave to produce multiple reflection cycles inside and outside the shell. This multiple reflection interference not only reduces the clarity of the signal, but also leads to a decrease in moisture measurement accuracy, especially when the material thickness or composition changes, the error is more significant, which limits the reliability and applicability of the system in complex industrial environments.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the existing technology needs to be improved. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application discloses a multiple reflection elimination method and system for a microwave receiving antenna system, which aims to solve the problem that the existing microwave receiving antenna system is prone to multiple reflection interference under the protection of the shell, resulting in a decrease in signal clarity and measurement accuracy.

[0007] The technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the application discloses a multiple reflection elimination method of a microwave receiving antenna system, comprising:

[0009] Obtaining environmental parameters reflecting changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell, and obtaining signal characteristics reflecting the influence of the microwave signal on the antenna packaging shell;

[0010] Based on the environmental parameters and the signal characteristics, the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell are evaluated, and the impedance matching requirement between the antenna packaging shell and the receiving antenna is determined;

[0011] According to the impedance matching requirement, the electrical characteristics of the matching layer arranged between the receiving antenna and the antenna packaging shell are adjusted;

[0012] The signal characteristics are obtained again, and the adjustment of the electrical characteristics of the matching layer is verified and iteratively optimized based on the obtained signal characteristics.

[0013] Through this technical solution, the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell can be dynamically evaluated and the matching layer can be adjusted, effectively eliminating multiple reflections, significantly improving the clarity and measurement accuracy of the microwave signal, and overcoming the limitations of the traditional fixed matching scheme in complex industrial environments.

[0014] In a second aspect, the application also discloses a multiple reflection elimination system of a microwave receiving antenna system, for performing multiple reflection elimination of the microwave receiving antenna system, comprising:

[0015] A signal characteristic acquisition module is configured to obtain environmental parameters reflecting changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell, and to obtain signal characteristics reflecting the influence of the microwave signal on the antenna packaging shell;

[0016] A matching requirement determination module is configured to evaluate the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell based on the environmental parameters and the signal characteristics, and to determine the impedance matching requirement between the antenna packaging shell and the receiving antenna;

[0017] An electrical characteristic adjustment module is configured to adjust the electrical characteristics of the matching layer arranged between the receiving antenna and the antenna packaging shell according to the impedance matching requirement;

[0018] An iterative optimization execution module is configured to obtain the signal characteristics again, and to verify and iteratively optimize the adjustment of the electrical characteristics of the matching layer based on the obtained signal characteristics.

[0019] Through this technical solution, a system for implementing the above multiple reflection elimination method is provided. Through modular design, the acquisition of environmental parameters and signal characteristics, the determination of impedance matching requirements, the adjustment of matching layer electrical characteristics, and iterative optimization are realized, providing hardware and software support for actual application and ensuring the effective implementation of the method.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The application discloses a multiple reflection elimination method of a microwave receiving antenna system. By obtaining environmental parameters reflecting changes in the electrical characteristics of an antenna packaging shell and signal characteristics of a microwave signal affected by the shell, the electrical characteristics of the shell can be evaluated in real time, and the impedance matching requirements between the shell and the receiving antenna can be determined. Accordingly, the system can dynamically adjust the electrical characteristics of the matching layer arranged between the receiving antenna and the antenna packaging shell to adapt to environmental changes. By obtaining the signal characteristics again and performing verification and iterative optimization, the method can continuously optimize the performance of the matching layer. This technical solution effectively solves the multiple reflection problem introduced by the antenna packaging shell in the prior art, significantly improves the clarity and measurement accuracy of the microwave signal, and effectively reduces errors when the material thickness or composition changes, thereby improving the reliability and applicability of the system in complex industrial environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A method flowchart of a multiple reflection elimination method of a microwave receiving antenna system in one embodiment of the application;

[0022] Figure 2 A method flowchart of a multiple reflection elimination method of a microwave receiving antenna system in another embodiment of the application;

[0023] Figure 3 A system block diagram of a multiple reflection elimination system of a microwave receiving antenna system in another embodiment of the application;

[0024] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] 1. A multiple reflection elimination system of a microwave receiving antenna system; 11, a signal characteristic acquisition module; 12, a matching requirement determination module; 13, an electrical characteristic adjustment module; 14, an iterative optimization execution module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the application, not all embodiments. The components of the application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but only represents selected embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments of the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the application.

[0027] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters refer to like items throughout the accompanying drawings, and once an item is defined in one drawing, it is not necessary to further define and explain it in subsequent drawings. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] The present application proposes a multiple reflection elimination method for a microwave receiving antenna system, which combines Figure 1 as shown, comprising:

[0029] S1, obtaining an environmental parameter reflecting the change of the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell, and obtaining a signal characteristic reflecting the influence of the microwave signal on the antenna packaging shell;

[0030] S2, based on the environmental parameter and the signal characteristic, evaluating the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell, and judging the impedance matching requirement between the antenna packaging shell and the receiving antenna;

[0031] S3, adjusting the electrical characteristics of the matching layer arranged between the receiving antenna and the antenna packaging shell according to the impedance matching requirement;

[0032] S4, obtaining the signal characteristic again, and verifying and iteratively optimizing the adjustment of the electrical characteristics of the matching layer based on the obtained signal characteristic again.

[0033] The present application realizes effective elimination of multiple reflections of microwave signals by dynamically evaluating the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell and adjusting the electrical characteristics of the matching layer, thereby significantly improving the measurement accuracy and stability of the microwave receiving antenna system in complex industrial environments.

[0034] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions proposed in the present application, the key terms involved in the present application and their specific meanings in the technical solutions are described below.

[0035] Among them, the "environmental parameter" refers to an external physical factor acting on the antenna packaging shell and capable of causing a change in its electrical characteristics, including but not limited to environmental temperature, environmental humidity, and air pressure, etc. The change of the above environmental parameters will cause changes in the polarization state, dielectric loss, and molecular structure arrangement of the antenna packaging shell material, thereby causing the drift of its electrical parameters such as dielectric constant and loss tangent, and further affecting the propagation behavior of the microwave signal in the packaging shell.

[0036] The "signal characteristic" refers to the measurable electromagnetic characteristic parameters exhibited by the microwave signal after penetrating the antenna packaging shell and reaching the receiving antenna, including but not limited to reflection loss, transmission loss, phase change, group delay change, and polarization state change, etc. The above signal characteristics can directly or indirectly reflect the degree of influence of reflection, absorption, and phase distortion of the microwave signal at the antenna packaging shell and its interface.

[0037] “Antenna package enclosure” refers to a structure for mechanically protecting and environmentally isolating the receiving antenna, which is usually made of dielectric material and located on the microwave signal propagation path. Due to its dielectric properties directly involved in the propagation process of microwave signals, the antenna package enclosure constitutes an important part of the receiving antenna system in the electromagnetic sense.

[0038] “Receiving antenna” refers to a functional unit for receiving external microwave signals and converting them into radio frequency electrical signals, whose electrical input impedance, radiation characteristics and polarization characteristics determine the system's reception efficiency of the target microwave signal.

[0039] “Matching layer” refers to one or more layers of electromagnetic matching structure arranged between the receiving antenna and the antenna package enclosure, whose main function is to adjust the equivalent impedance between different medium interfaces and reduce the degree of microwave signal reflection at the interface. The electrical properties of the matching layer usually include its dielectric constant, loss tangent, equivalent thickness and equivalent impedance characteristics, which can be adjusted by external control.

[0040] “Impedance matching requirement” refers to the impedance matching state required to minimize or lower the reflection loss between the receiving antenna and the antenna package enclosure under the current environmental conditions and the state of the enclosure's electrical properties. When the impedance matching requirement is not met, multiple reflections of microwave signals will occur between the enclosure-matching layer-antenna interface.

[0041] “Multiple reflection elimination” refers to suppressing or eliminating the multiple reflections of microwave signals within the antenna package enclosure and at the interface between the enclosure and the receiving antenna by dynamically adjusting the system's structural and electrical parameters, thereby improving the transmission integrity and reception accuracy of the signal.

[0042] Based on the above definitions, the multiple reflection elimination method for microwave receiving antenna systems proposed in this application is based on the following core idea: by real-time sensing of the environmental parameters of the antenna package enclosure and the changes in its electrical properties caused by them, and combining the actual signal characteristics of the microwave signal, the impedance matching state between the receiving antenna and the antenna package enclosure is evaluated, and the electrical properties of the matching layer are dynamically adjusted to achieve a continuous impedance matching state, thereby effectively suppressing the generation of multiple reflections.

[0043] Specifically, in the step of "obtaining environmental parameters reflecting changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna package shell, and obtaining signal characteristics reflecting the influence of the microwave signal on the antenna package shell", the system can collect environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure in real time by arranging environmental parameter sensors inside or outside the antenna package shell, and transmit the collected environmental parameters to the processing unit. At the same time, by setting a signal detection unit in the microwave receiving antenna system, the reflection and transmission characteristics of the microwave signal after passing through the antenna package shell are measured, and the signal characteristics such as reflection loss and phase change are obtained.

[0044] In the step of "evaluating the electrical characteristics of the antenna package shell based on the environmental parameters and signal characteristics, and determining the impedance matching requirement between the antenna package shell and the receiving antenna", the system establishes a mapping relationship between the environmental parameters and the electrical characteristics of the antenna package shell based on a pre-set material model or empirical model, and estimates the current shell electrical characteristics using real-time environmental parameters. At the same time, the obtained signal characteristics are compared with the signal characteristics under ideal matching state to determine whether there is impedance mismatch in the current system, and the required impedance matching requirement is determined accordingly.

[0045] In the step of "adjusting the electrical characteristics of the matching layer arranged between the receiving antenna and the antenna package shell according to the impedance matching requirement", the system adjusts the dielectric constant, equivalent thickness, or equivalent impedance of the matching layer according to the determined impedance matching requirement. For example, by controlling the applied electric field intensity of the adjustable dielectric material in the matching layer, or by switching different dielectric combination structures, the equivalent electrical parameters of the matching layer are changed to meet the current impedance matching requirement.

[0046] In the step of "re-acquiring the signal characteristics, and verifying and iteratively optimizing the adjustment of the electrical characteristics of the matching layer based on the re-acquired signal characteristics", after completing the adjustment of the matching layer parameters once, the system re-acquires the signal characteristics of the microwave signal, and compares and analyzes the signal characteristics before and after the adjustment to determine whether the matching effect meets the pre-set target. When the matching effect does not meet the requirements, the system further adjusts the electrical characteristics of the matching layer based on the closed-loop feedback mechanism until the reflection loss or other key indicators reach the expected range, thereby realizing the continuous suppression of multiple reflections.

[0047] In some implementations, the electrical characteristics of the matching layer are not limited to changes in a single parameter, but can be adjusted through coordinated adjustment of multiple parameters. For example, when the matching layer is composed of a multi-layer dielectric structure, the equivalent thickness and dielectric constant of each layer can be adjusted simultaneously to achieve a finer impedance matching effect. Furthermore, the adjustment process of the matching layer can be adaptively controlled in conjunction with changes in the antenna's operating frequency band, ensuring that the matching layer maintains low reflection loss across different frequency ranges, thereby further enhancing the system's ability to suppress multiple reflections in broadband or frequency-converting applications.

[0048] Optionally, the step of adjusting the electrical characteristics of the matching layer disposed between the receiving antenna and the antenna package housing includes:

[0049] A1. Continuously monitor environmental parameters and calculate the rate of change of environmental parameters;

[0050] A2 identifies drastic changes in environmental parameters that exceed a preset threshold within a preset time period;

[0051] A3 uses the real-time extracted rate of change and the real-time identified drastic change events as environmental change features, compares the environmental change features with the preset event fingerprints, and determines whether a periodic event is currently occurring or about to occur by comparing them, thus obtaining the periodic event judgment result.

[0052] A4. When the periodic event judgment result indicates that a periodic event has been identified, switch from the conventional feedback adjustment mode to the proactive compensation mode.

[0053] A5, load the preset voltage adjustment sequence corresponding to the event fingerprint;

[0054] A6, based on the pre-loaded preset voltage adjustment sequence, applies advance compensation voltage to the matching layer in advance according to the advance compensation trajectory of the advance compensation mode;

[0055] A7 continuously monitors the reflection loss of microwave signals and corrects the lead compensation voltage in real time.

[0056] A8 determines whether the identified periodic event has ended, and after the periodic event ends, switches from the proactive compensation mode back to the regular feedback adjustment mode.

[0057] Specifically, continuous monitoring of environmental parameters refers to the system's uninterrupted acquisition of environmental data related to the electrical characteristics of the antenna packaging shell, such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure. By sampling and analyzing these parameters in real time, the rate of change of environmental parameters can be calculated, reflecting the speed and trend of environmental changes. Identifying drastic change events involves the system comparing the magnitude of environmental parameter changes within a preset time period with preset thresholds to determine if abnormal or rapid environmental changes exist. For example, a rapid increase or decrease in temperature exceeding a certain value within a short period is identified as a drastic change event. In practical applications, environmental change characteristics integrate the real-time acquired rate of change of environmental parameters with the identified drastic change events to form a comprehensive feature vector. This feature vector is then compared with a preset event fingerprint. The event fingerprint is a pre-stored pattern of environmental change associated with known periodic events (such as diurnal temperature variation, seasonal humidity changes, and specific equipment startup). Through comparison, the system can determine whether the current environmental change conforms to a known periodic pattern, thus obtaining a periodic event judgment result.

[0058] When the periodic event detection results indicate the presence of a periodic event, the system intelligently switches from the conventional feedback adjustment mode to the proactive compensation mode. The conventional feedback adjustment mode passively adjusts based on real-time detected impedance mismatch, while the proactive compensation mode employs an active prediction and compensation mechanism. In proactive compensation mode, the system loads a preset voltage adjustment sequence corresponding to the detected event fingerprint. This sequence is a voltage adjustment scheme pre-optimized for specific periodic events based on historical data or simulation results. Based on this preset voltage adjustment sequence, and combined with the proactive compensation trajectory of the proactive compensation mode, the system can apply a proactive compensation voltage to the matching layer in advance. The proactive compensation trajectory can be understood as a time function, defining the expected change path of the required voltage in the matching layer before, during, and after the periodic event. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of proactive compensation, the system continuously monitors the microwave signal reflection loss. Reflection loss is a key indicator of impedance matching; through real-time monitoring, the system can correct the applied proactive compensation voltage in real time to address minor deviations or sudden disturbances in the preset sequence. Ultimately, the system will determine whether the identified periodic event has ended. Once the periodic event ends, the system will smoothly switch back from the proactive compensation mode to the regular feedback adjustment mode to adapt to non-periodic environmental changes.

[0059] In some preferred embodiments, a specific example is given below. Suppose a microwave receiving antenna system is deployed outdoors, and the electrical characteristics of its antenna package are significantly affected by diurnal temperature cycles. In the traditional feedback adjustment mode, when the temperature begins to rise rapidly in the morning, causing a change in the dielectric constant of the antenna package and resulting in impedance mismatch, the system needs to first detect the increase in reflection loss before calculating the impedance matching requirement and starting to adjust the matching layer. This process has a certain delay, causing the system's reflection loss to temporarily increase in the early stages of rapid temperature rise. However, using the proactive compensation mode of this application, the system continuously monitors the ambient temperature and its rate of change. When the system identifies a trend of rapid temperature rise in the morning, and this trend matches a preset "diurnal temperature cycle" event fingerprint, the system immediately switches from the conventional feedback adjustment mode to the proactive compensation mode. At this time, the system loads a preset voltage adjustment sequence corresponding to the "diurnal temperature cycle" event fingerprint. This sequence is pre-trained based on historical data and can predict the optimal voltage of the matching layer at different temperatures. Based on this sequence and the advance compensation trajectory, the system applies an advance compensation voltage to the matching layer before temperature changes significantly affect reflection loss. For example, the matching layer begins adjusting its electrical characteristics before the temperature rises to a certain critical point. During this process, the system continuously monitors the microwave signal reflection loss and fine-tunes the advance compensation voltage in real time to ensure the accuracy of the compensation. When the temperature rise slows down or enters a stable period, the system determines that the periodic event has ended and switches back to the conventional feedback adjustment mode. In this way, the system can proactively predict and compensate for the impact of environmental changes, significantly reducing multiple reflections caused by temperature changes, thereby ensuring the high-performance operation of the microwave receiving antenna system under all-weather conditions.

[0060] Optionally, the step of continuously monitoring the reflection loss of the microwave signal and making real-time corrections to the aforementioned lead compensation voltage includes:

[0061] Obtain the reflection loss of microwave signals;

[0062] Obtain the deviation between the reflection loss and the preset target value;

[0063] Analyze the deviation to obtain the current value of reflection loss, the direction of change of reflection loss, and the rate of change of reflection loss;

[0064] Based on the current value of reflection loss, the direction of reflection loss change, and the rate of reflection loss change, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient used to correct the lead compensation voltage are adjusted to correct the lead compensation voltage in real time.

[0065] Specifically, obtaining microwave signal reflection loss refers to the real-time measurement of the reflected energy of the microwave signal as it propagates between the receiving antenna and the antenna package using a vector network analyzer (VNA) or other RF test equipment. It is typically expressed as return loss or voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Its purpose is to quantify the current impedance matching state.

[0066] The process of obtaining the deviation between the reflection loss and the preset target value can be understood as comparing the real-time measured reflection loss with the target reflection loss corresponding to the optimal impedance matching state that the system is expected to achieve, and calculating the difference between the two. This preset target value is typically a low reflection loss value, such as -20dB, indicating good impedance matching. Its purpose is to clarify the gap between the current system and the ideal state.

[0067] In practical applications, analyzing the deviation yields the current value of reflection loss, the direction of its change, and the rate of change. This is specifically achieved through mathematical processing and trend analysis of continuously acquired reflection loss deviation data. The current value represents the latest reflection loss deviation; the direction of change indicates whether the reflection loss is increasing or decreasing, for example, by comparing the current value with the value at the previous moment; the rate of change refers to how quickly the reflection loss deviation changes over time, for example, by calculating the derivative or difference of the deviation with respect to time. The aim is to comprehensively understand the dynamic characteristics of reflection loss, providing a basis for subsequent precise control.

[0068] Furthermore, based on the current value of the reflection loss, the direction of its change, and the rate of change, the proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients used to correct the lead compensation voltage are adjusted to perform real-time correction. Specifically, the proportional (P), integral (I), and derivative (D) coefficients are key parameters in the PID controller, corresponding to the response strength to the current deviation, historical cumulative deviation, and deviation change rate, respectively. By dynamically adjusting these coefficients, the correction of the lead compensation voltage can be made more flexible and precise. For example, when the reflection loss changes rapidly, the derivative coefficient can be appropriately increased to improve the system's response speed and suppress overshoot; when there is a persistent steady-state error, the integral coefficient can be increased to eliminate the cumulative deviation; when the deviation is large, the proportional coefficient can be increased to quickly reduce the deviation. The aim is to achieve refined control of the electrical characteristics of the matching layer, thereby effectively eliminating multiple reflections.

[0069] Optionally, adjusting the electrical characteristics of the matching layer disposed between the receiving antenna and the antenna package housing, according to impedance matching requirements, includes:

[0070] It continuously transmits microwave signals, and the receiving antenna array captures the microwave signals that penetrate the antenna package housing;

[0071] Microwave signals are processed to obtain corresponding spatial features;

[0072] Based on spatial characteristics, infer the electrical properties of local areas of the antenna packaging shell;

[0073] Based on the electrical characteristics of a local area of ​​the antenna package, the reflection source is located and the impedance matching requirement is determined.

[0074] Based on impedance matching requirements, local adjustment commands are generated to adjust the electrical characteristics of the matching layer.

[0075] Specifically, continuous microwave signal transmission refers to the system periodically or continuously transmitting probe microwave signals to the antenna package housing during operation. These signals can be of specific frequencies, bandwidths, or modulation schemes, and their purpose is to probe the influence of the antenna package housing on the microwave signal. A receiving antenna array can be understood as an array composed of multiple independent receiving antenna elements configured to capture microwave signals that penetrate the antenna package housing and provide spatial information such as the signal's direction of arrival, phase, and amplitude. For example, this array can be a phased array antenna or a MIMO antenna array, its purpose being to acquire the spatial distribution characteristics of the signal.

[0076] Processing microwave signals to obtain corresponding spatial characteristics refers to performing signal processing on the microwave signals captured by the receiving antenna array. This includes tasks such as beamforming, pattern analysis, phase difference calculation, and amplitude distribution analysis to extract parameters reflecting the spatial distribution characteristics of the microwave signals. These spatial characteristics may include, but are not limited to, the signal's angle of arrival, phase distribution, amplitude distribution, and polarization state. The purpose is to characterize the spatial impact on the microwave signals after they penetrate the antenna enclosure.

[0077] In practical applications, inferring the electrical characteristics of local areas of the antenna package based on spatial features specifically involves analyzing the spatial characteristics of microwave signals, such as phase distortion, amplitude attenuation, or polarization rotation at different spatial locations, and then calculating electrical parameters such as dielectric constant, permeability, or loss tangent for different local areas of the antenna package. For example, if a signal in a certain direction exhibits significant phase lead or lag, it may indicate a local change in the dielectric constant of the antenna package in that direction. The aim is to gain a more refined understanding of the distribution of electrical characteristics of the antenna package.

[0078] Furthermore, based on the electrical characteristics of a local area of ​​the antenna package, locating the reflection source and determining the impedance matching requirements involves, after obtaining the distribution of local electrical characteristics of the antenna package, identifying the specific physical location or region causing multiple reflections through methods such as electromagnetic field simulation, inverse scattering algorithms, or machine learning models. Then, based on the differences between the electrical characteristics of these regions and the receiving antenna, the required degree and direction of impedance matching for that local area are quantified. The purpose is to accurately determine the area requiring adjustment and the amount of adjustment.

[0079] Therefore, generating local adjustment commands based on impedance matching requirements to adjust the electrical characteristics of the matching layer refers to generating control signals or parameters for specific regions of the matching layer based on determined local impedance matching requirements. These local adjustment commands can control the electrical parameters of tunable materials (e.g., liquid crystals, piezoelectric materials, MEMS structures, or varactor diode arrays) in the matching layer, for example, by applying local voltage, current, or mechanical stress to change their dielectric constant or geometry, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the electrical characteristics of local areas of the matching layer. The aim is to achieve refined and localized compensation for reflection sources.

[0080] Optionally, the step of adjusting the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient used to correct the lead compensation voltage in real time, based on the current value of the reflection loss, the direction of change of the reflection loss, and the rate of change of the reflection loss, includes:

[0081] Monitor the temperature distribution of the matching layer material;

[0082] Determine whether there is a persistent deviation in the correction effect of reflection loss, or whether there is an anomaly in the temperature distribution that does not match the trend of changes in ambient temperature and humidity;

[0083] When a persistent deviation or anomaly is detected, the adaptive material property evaluation procedure is initiated.

[0084] In the adaptive evaluation procedure for material properties, a test voltage is applied to the matching layer, and the electric field propagation capability response corresponding to the test voltage is measured.

[0085] Based on the electric field propagation capability response, update the voltage-electric field propagation capability correspondence of the matching layer material;

[0086] Based on the updated voltage-electric field propagation capability correspondence, as well as the current value of reflection loss, the direction of change of reflection loss, and the rate of change of reflection loss, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and differential coefficient used to correct the lead compensation voltage are adjusted to make real-time corrections to the lead compensation voltage.

[0087] Specifically, monitoring the temperature distribution of the matching layer material involves using temperature sensors placed inside or on the surface of the matching layer to acquire real-time temperature data at different locations. This temperature data reflects the physical environment of the matching layer material and potential temperature gradients or hot spots within it, all of which can affect the material's electrical properties. Determining whether the correction effect for reflection loss exhibits persistent deviations or whether the temperature distribution is inconsistent with the environmental temperature and humidity trends involves continuously evaluating the correction effect of the lead compensation voltage, for example, by analyzing the residual fluctuations or average deviations of the reflection loss. Simultaneously, the temperature distribution of the matching layer material is compared with the temperature and humidity trends of the external environment to identify abnormal temperature changes, such as localized overheating or temperature drift inconsistent with environmental changes. Persistent deviations may indicate long-term or irreversible changes in the electrical properties of the matching layer material, while abnormal temperature distributions may foreshadow material performance degradation or potential failures.

[0088] When the aforementioned persistent deviation or anomaly is detected, an adaptive material property evaluation program is initiated. This program aims to actively detect and quantify the current true electrical properties of the matching layer material. In the evaluation program, a test voltage is applied to the matching layer; this test voltage can be a preset sequence or scanning voltage, used to excite the electrical response of the matching layer material. Simultaneously, the electric field propagation capability response corresponding to the test voltage is measured. For example, by measuring parameters such as the matching layer's attenuation, phase shift, or reflection / transmission coefficient for microwave signals, its electric field propagation capability under different voltages is characterized. Based on the electric field propagation capability response, the voltage-electric field propagation capability correspondence of the matching layer material is updated. This means that the system will re-establish or correct a model based on measured data, which describes the functional relationship between the voltage applied to the matching layer and its electrical properties (such as dielectric constant, loss tangent, etc.). This correspondence is the key basis for dynamically adjusting the lead compensation voltage. Finally, based on the updated voltage-electric field propagation capability correspondence, as well as the current value of reflection loss, the direction of change of reflection loss, and the rate of change of reflection loss, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and differential coefficient used to correct the lead compensation voltage are adjusted to perform real-time correction of the lead compensation voltage. This means that when performing PID-like control, fixed or outdated material property models are no longer used. Instead, the latest, adaptively evaluated material property models are adopted, which makes the adjustment of PID parameters more precise and ensures that the lead compensation voltage can more effectively counteract multiple reflections.

[0089] Optionally, the steps to determine whether the correction effect of reflection loss has a persistent deviation, or whether the temperature distribution is abnormal and inconsistent with the trend of changes in ambient temperature and humidity, include:

[0090] The reflection loss is filtered in the time domain to remove short-term fluctuations caused by instantaneous environmental disturbances or measurement noise, and the filtered reflection loss is obtained.

[0091] Spatially smooth the temperature distribution of the matching layer material to eliminate local instantaneous temperature anomalies and obtain a smoothed temperature distribution;

[0092] Based on the filtered reflection loss, calculate the average value and fluctuation range of the correction deviation of the reflection loss over several consecutive time periods.

[0093] Based on the smoothed temperature distribution, the degree of deviation between the temperature distribution of the matching layer material and the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes is calculated.

[0094] When the average value of the correction deviation of reflection loss exceeds the preset first threshold and the fluctuation amplitude is less than the preset second threshold, it is determined that there is a persistent deviation caused by the change of the material's own properties.

[0095] When the temperature distribution of the matching layer material deviates from the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes by more than the preset third threshold, it is determined that there is an anomaly that does not conform to the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes.

[0096] Specifically, time-domain filtering is performed on the reflection loss to remove short-term fluctuations caused by instantaneous environmental disturbances or measurement noise. Time-domain filtering can be implemented using various techniques, such as moving average filtering, Kalman filtering, or exponential smoothing, with the aim of obtaining more stable and reflective filtering data that better reflects the true trend. Simultaneously, spatial smoothing is performed on the temperature distribution of the matching layer material to eliminate localized instantaneous temperature anomalies. Spatial smoothing can be achieved by weighted averaging of data from adjacent sensors, using Gaussian smoothing kernels, or median filtering to obtain a more representative smoothed temperature distribution, avoiding misjudgments due to abnormal readings from a single sensor. Based on the filtered reflection loss, the average value and fluctuation amplitude of the correction deviation of the reflection loss are calculated over several consecutive time periods. The correction deviation refers to the difference between the actual reflection loss and the target reflection loss. By calculating its average value over a period of time, the long-term trend of the deviation can be determined; by calculating the fluctuation amplitude, the stability of the deviation can be assessed. Based on the smoothed temperature distribution, the degree of deviation between the temperature distribution of the matching layer material and the changing trends of ambient temperature and humidity is calculated. This can be achieved by comparing the difference between the internal temperature of the matching layer and the predicted values ​​of the external environmental temperature and humidity models, or by analyzing the correlation between the gradient change of the temperature distribution of the matching layer and environmental changes. A persistent deviation caused by changes in the material's own properties is only considered to exist when the average value of the correction deviation for reflection loss exceeds a preset first threshold and the fluctuation amplitude is less than a preset second threshold. This dual judgment mechanism ensures that only when the deviation is persistent and relatively stable is it considered to be caused by changes in material properties, thus avoiding misjudgment of instantaneous fluctuations. When the deviation of the temperature distribution of the matching layer material from the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes exceeds a preset third threshold, an anomaly inconsistent with the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes is judged. This indicates that the temperature conditions inside the matching layer are inconsistent with the changing patterns of the external environment, which may indicate changes in properties caused by material aging, internal failures, or other non-environmental factors.

[0097] Optionally, when the average value of the correction deviation for reflection loss exceeds a preset first threshold and the fluctuation amplitude is less than a preset second threshold, the step of determining the existence of a persistent deviation caused by changes in the material's own properties includes:

[0098] Microwave signals are sequentially transmitted at several preset microwave frequency points, and the corresponding reflection loss is captured.

[0099] The reflection loss captured at each microwave frequency point is subjected to time-domain filtering to remove short-term fluctuations caused by instantaneous environmental disturbances or measurement noise, and the filtered reflection loss is obtained.

[0100] For each frequency point, based on the filtered reflection loss, calculate the average value and fluctuation range of the reflection loss correction deviation over several consecutive time periods.

[0101] When the average value of the correction deviation of reflection loss at at least two different frequency points simultaneously exceeds their respective preset first thresholds, and the corresponding fluctuation amplitudes are all less than their respective preset second thresholds, it is determined that there is a persistent deviation caused by changes in the material's own properties.

[0102] Specifically, "transmitting microwave signals sequentially at several preset microwave frequency points and capturing the corresponding reflection loss" means that the system is no longer limited to a single operating frequency, but instead transmits and receives microwave signals at a series of pre-set discrete frequency points through frequency scanning or simultaneous multi-frequency transmission. The purpose is to obtain the electrical response of the matching layer material at different frequencies, thereby providing a data foundation for a more comprehensive assessment of changes in material properties.

[0103] The step of "performing time-domain filtering on the reflection loss captured at each microwave frequency point to remove short-term fluctuations caused by instantaneous environmental disturbances or measurement noise, thus obtaining the filtered reflection loss" is similar to the time-domain filtering in the above embodiments, but here it is performed independently for each specific frequency point. For example, moving average filtering, Kalman filtering, or other digital filtering techniques can be used to process the reflection loss data continuously captured at a specific frequency point to smooth the data curve, eliminate spikes or dips caused by instantaneous interference or measurement errors, and ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0104] In practical applications, "for each frequency point, calculating the average value and fluctuation range of the reflection loss correction deviation over several consecutive time periods based on the filtered reflection loss" refers to independently calculating the statistical characteristics of the reflection loss correction deviation at each filtered frequency point. For example, a time window can be set, during which filtered reflection loss data for each frequency point can be collected, and the deviation from the target reflection loss can be calculated. Then, the average value and standard deviation (or fluctuation range) of these deviations can be calculated. This helps identify whether the correction effect continuously deviates from the target value at a specific frequency, and the stability of this deviation.

[0105] Furthermore, the core judgment logic of this scheme is that "when the average value of the correction deviation of reflection loss at at least two different frequency points simultaneously and continuously exceeds their respective preset first thresholds, and the corresponding fluctuation amplitudes are all less than their respective preset second thresholds, it is determined that there is a persistent deviation caused by changes in the material's own properties." This means that only when multiple frequency points (e.g., at least two or more) simultaneously show that the average value of the correction deviation continuously exceeds their respective set thresholds, and the fluctuation amplitudes of these deviations remain at a low level, is it considered evidence of changes in the material's own properties. This multi-frequency collaborative judgment mechanism significantly improves the accuracy of the judgment.

[0106] Optionally, when the temperature distribution of the matching layer material deviates from the trend of changes in ambient temperature and humidity by more than a preset third threshold, the steps for determining that there is an anomaly inconsistent with the trend of changes in ambient temperature and humidity include:

[0107] A consistency check is performed on the temperature distribution data of the matching layer material to identify any sudden changes in local temperature sensor readings or missing data.

[0108] Verify the trends in ambient temperature and humidity to check the integrity and timing of data transmission;

[0109] The degree of deviation between the temperature distribution of the matching layer material after passing the consistency check and the trend of environmental temperature and humidity change after passing the verification is used as the comparison data after verification; the comparison data after verification is compared with the preset anomaly pattern to obtain the deviation feature comparison result.

[0110] When the deviation feature comparison result indicates that a deviation feature matching the abnormal pattern has been identified, an early warning is issued;

[0111] When the deviation continues to exceed the preset third threshold and does not conform to any preset abnormality pattern, it is determined that there is an abnormality that does not conform to the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes.

[0112] Specifically, checking the consistency of temperature distribution data for the matching layer material involves cross-validating and logically judging readings from multiple temperature sensors on the matching layer material. For example, it can check whether the differences between adjacent sensor readings are within a reasonable range, or whether a sensor reading suddenly drops to zero or exceeds physical limits. The purpose is to eliminate false anomalies caused by sensor malfunctions, data acquisition errors, or transmission interruptions.

[0113] Verifying the trends in environmental temperature and humidity can be understood as verifying the completeness, accuracy, and timeliness of the data provided by external environmental temperature and humidity sensors. For example, it involves checking for missing points in the data sequence, the continuity of timestamps, and whether data values ​​fluctuate within a reasonable physical range. The purpose is to ensure that the environmental benchmark data used for comparison is reliable, avoiding misjudgments due to problems with the environmental data itself.

[0114] In practical applications, the deviation between the temperature distribution of the matched layer material after passing the consistency check and the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes after passing the verification is used as the comparison data after verification. This data is then compared with preset anomaly patterns to obtain the deviation feature comparison results. The preset anomaly patterns may include, but are not limited to: slow temperature rise patterns caused by material aging, rapid local temperature rise patterns caused by local overheating, or temperature fluctuation patterns in specific areas caused by external impacts. Through pattern comparison, the nature and cause of anomalies can be identified more accurately.

[0115] The system issues an alert when the deviation feature comparison results indicate that a deviation feature matching the abnormal pattern has been identified. This alert mechanism aims to provide early intervention or maintenance suggestions for known and identifiable anomalies, thereby enabling preventative maintenance.

[0116] Furthermore, only when the deviation continues to exceed the preset third threshold and does not conform to any preset abnormality pattern is an anomaly determined to exist that is inconsistent with the trend of changes in ambient temperature and humidity. This indicates that the anomaly is not caused by known environmental factors or identifiable material property change patterns, and may represent a new, unknown, or more serious failure mode, requiring further in-depth analysis.

[0117] Optionally, the deviation between the temperature distribution of the matching layer material after passing the consistency check and the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes after passing the verification is used as the comparison data after verification; the step of comparing the comparison data after verification with the preset anomaly pattern to obtain the deviation feature comparison result includes:

[0118] Spatial features of the temperature distribution of the matching layer material are extracted to obtain a set of spatial features;

[0119] Temporal features are extracted from the data corresponding to the changing trends of ambient temperature and humidity to obtain a set of temporal features;

[0120] Input the spatial feature set and the temporal feature set into the anomaly feature decomposition module;

[0121] The anomaly feature decomposition module decomposes the complex deviation features reflected by the spatial feature set and the temporal feature set into several anomaly components;

[0122] Each anomalous component is compared with a preset single anomalous pattern to obtain the degree of matching between each anomalous component and the single anomalous pattern.

[0123] The cause of the anomaly is determined based on the degree of matching between each anomaly component and a single anomaly pattern, as well as the logical relationship between several anomaly components.

[0124] Specifically, spatial feature extraction of the temperature distribution of the matching layer material refers to identifying and quantifying spatial distribution patterns, gradient changes, hot spots, or cold spots from the temperature distribution data of the matching layer material using methods such as image processing, statistical analysis, or machine learning, thereby obtaining a set of spatial features. For example, the mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis of the temperature distribution can be extracted, or frequency domain features can be obtained using methods such as two-dimensional Fourier transform and wavelet transform, with the aim of capturing the structural information of the temperature distribution in space.

[0125] Extracting time-series features from data corresponding to changes in environmental temperature and humidity can be understood as using time series analysis techniques to extract the regular characteristics of these changes over time, such as trends, periodicity, fluctuations, and abrupt changes, thereby obtaining a set of time-series features. For example, the rate of change, cumulative change, autocorrelation function, or cross-correlation function of temperature and humidity can be calculated, with the aim of revealing the temporal dynamics of the influence of environmental factors on the electrical properties of the matching layer material.

[0126] In practical applications, the anomaly feature decomposition module is a processing unit, which can be a software module or hardware circuit based on algorithms such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), or Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). Its purpose is to decompose the complex deviation features reflected by the spatial feature set and the temporal feature set into several independent or physically meaningful anomalous components. These anomalous components can be different potential factors that cause overall deviation, such as material aging, local damage, sensor failure, or environmental interference.

[0127] Furthermore, comparing each anomalous component with a pre-defined single anomalous pattern means independently calculating the similarity or matching degree between each decomposed anomalous component and a pre-stored single pattern representing a specific anomalous type. For example, the matching degree can be quantified by calculating Euclidean distance, cosine similarity, or correlation coefficient. The aim is to identify the specific anomalous type that each independent anomalous component may correspond to.

[0128] Therefore, based on the degree of matching between each anomalous component and a single anomalous pattern, as well as the logical relationships between several anomalous components, the cause of the anomaly can be determined. For example, if anomalous component A highly matches the "material aging" pattern, and anomalous component B highly matches the "local overheating" pattern, and these two components can logically coexist, then the cause of the anomaly can be determined as "local overheating caused by material aging." This logical relationship can be a pre-set set of rules, a decision tree, or a neural network model, the purpose of which is to comprehensively analyze the matching of multiple anomalous components, thereby arriving at a more accurate and detailed anomaly diagnosis.

[0129] This application proposes a multiple reflection cancellation system for a microwave receiving antenna system, used to perform multiple reflection cancellation of the microwave receiving antenna system, combined with... Figure 3 As shown, the multiple reflection cancellation system 1 of the microwave receiving antenna system includes:

[0130] The signal feature acquisition module 11 is used to acquire environmental parameters that reflect changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing, and to acquire signal features that reflect the influence of the antenna package housing on the microwave signal.

[0131] The matching requirement judgment module 12 is used to evaluate the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing based on environmental parameters and signal characteristics, and to determine the impedance matching requirement between the antenna package housing and the receiving antenna.

[0132] The electrical characteristic adjustment module 13 is used to adjust the electrical characteristics of the matching layer set between the receiving antenna and the antenna package shell according to the impedance matching requirements.

[0133] The iterative optimization execution module 14 is used to reacquire signal features and, based on the reacquired signal features, verify and iteratively optimize the adjustment of the electrical characteristics of the matching layer.

[0134] This system achieves dynamic and adaptive elimination of multiple reflections in microwave receiving antenna systems through a modular architecture design. Each functional module works collaboratively around the coupling relationship between changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna enclosure and the microwave signal reflection characteristics, forming a closed-loop adjustment mechanism to continuously maintain good impedance matching under complex environmental conditions.

[0135] The system comprises several modules. The signal feature acquisition module is configured to acquire environmental parameters reflecting changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing and signal characteristics reflecting the influence of the antenna package housing on the microwave signal, providing fundamental data support for subsequent impedance matching requirement determination. The matching requirement determination module evaluates the current electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing based on the acquired environmental parameters and signal characteristics, and determines the impedance matching requirement between the receiving antenna and the antenna package housing accordingly. The electrical characteristic adjustment module precisely adjusts the electrical characteristics of the matching layer located between the receiving antenna and the antenna package housing based on the determined impedance matching requirement. Subsequently, the iterative optimization execution module verifies the adjustment effect through a feedback mechanism and further optimizes the electrical characteristics of the matching layer when necessary, thus forming a closed-loop control process. Through the collaborative work of these modules, the system effectively solves the problem of multiple reflections caused by changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing in complex industrial environments, significantly improving measurement accuracy and system operational stability.

[0136] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions proposed in this application, the key terms involved are explained below.

[0137] "Environmental parameters" refer to external physical factors that can affect the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing, including but not limited to temperature, humidity, and air pressure. Changes in these environmental parameters may cause changes in the internal polarization and dielectric loss characteristics of the antenna package housing material, resulting in drifts in electrical parameters such as dielectric constant and loss tangent, which in turn affect the propagation behavior of microwave signals within the package housing.

[0138] "Signal characteristics" refer to the measurable electromagnetic properties exhibited by microwave signals after penetrating the antenna enclosure, including but not limited to reflection loss, transmission loss, phase change, and polarization state change. These signal characteristics reflect the degree of reflection, absorption, and phase distortion affecting the microwave signal at the antenna enclosure and its interface.

[0139] "Antenna enclosure" refers to a structure placed outside the receiving antenna to provide mechanical protection and environmental isolation for the receiving antenna. It is usually made of dielectric material and located in the microwave signal propagation path. Its electrical characteristics directly participate in the microwave signal propagation process.

[0140] A "receiving antenna" is a functional unit used to receive external microwave signals and convert them into radio frequency electrical signals. Its input impedance characteristics directly affect the signal receiving efficiency of the system.

[0141] A "matching layer" refers to one or more electromagnetic matching structures placed between the receiving antenna and the antenna casing. Its main function is to adjust the equivalent impedance between different dielectric interfaces and reduce microwave signal reflection at the interface. The electrical characteristics of the matching layer include parameters such as dielectric constant, loss tangent, and equivalent thickness, which can be adjusted by external control.

[0142] Impedance matching requirement refers to the impedance matching state required to minimize or lower than a preset threshold between the receiving antenna and the antenna package housing under current environmental conditions and the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing. When the impedance matching requirement is not met, the microwave signal will experience multiple reflections between the housing, the matching layer, and the receiving antenna, resulting in a degraded signal quality.

[0143] "Multiple reflection cancellation" refers to the process of dynamically adjusting the electrical parameters of the system to suppress or eliminate multiple reflections of microwave signals inside the antenna package and at the interface with the receiving antenna, thereby improving the transmission integrity and measurement accuracy of microwave signals.

[0144] In some embodiments of this application, the multiple reflection cancellation system of the microwave receiving antenna system described above achieves effective suppression of multiple reflections through the coordinated operation of its internal functional modules.

[0145] Specifically, the signal feature acquisition module is used to acquire environmental parameters reflecting changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing, as well as signal characteristics reflecting the influence of the antenna package housing on the microwave signal. This module may include environmental sensing units such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and barometric pressure sensors for real-time monitoring of environmental parameters; it may also integrate a microwave signal measurement unit for measuring signal characteristics such as microwave signal reflection loss and transmission loss. The aforementioned environmental sensing units and signal measurement units can be connected to the main processing unit as independent hardware components via a standard communication interface, or integrated into the same functional module to achieve a compact design.

[0146] The impedance matching requirement determination module is used to evaluate the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing based on the acquired environmental parameters and signal characteristics, and to determine the impedance matching requirements between the receiving antenna and the antenna package housing. This module can be implemented by a microcontroller, digital signal processor, or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). It can internally store preset electrical characteristic models and impedance matching algorithms, and calculate the target impedance matching parameters based on real-time input data.

[0147] The electrical characteristic adjustment module is used to adjust the electrical characteristics of the matching layer disposed between the receiving antenna and the antenna package housing according to the determined impedance matching requirements. This module may include a programmable voltage source, current source, or switch control circuitry to apply control signals to the matching layer to change the dielectric constant or equivalent structural parameters of the matching layer.

[0148] The iterative optimization execution module, after adjusting the electrical characteristics of the matching layer, triggers the signal feature acquisition module again to obtain updated signal features and evaluates the matching effect based on the signal features before and after adjustment. When the evaluation result does not meet the preset optimization target, this module generates a new adjustment command and sends it to the electrical characteristic adjustment module to further optimize the electrical characteristics of the matching layer until the system reaches a stable impedance matching state.

[0149] Through the modular design and closed-loop feedback control mechanism described above, the multi-reflection cancellation system of the microwave receiving antenna system proposed in this application can adaptively cope with the influence of environmental parameter changes on the electrical characteristics of the antenna package, continuously reduce microwave signal reflection loss, and ensure microwave signal transmission quality and measurement accuracy. In complex application scenarios such as online industrial moisture measurement, this system can operate stably for a long time, significantly improving the reliability and applicability of the system in harsh environments.

[0150] In some preferred embodiments, the electrical characteristics of the matching layer are not adjusted for a single parameter, but rather through coordinated adjustment of the dielectric constant, equivalent thickness, and multilayer structure combination to achieve finer impedance matching control. By coordinating the adjustment of multiple parameters, the system can maintain a low level of reflection loss across different operating frequency bands and environmental conditions, thereby further improving the multi-reflection elimination effect and enhancing the system's adaptability in broadband or changing operating conditions.

[0151] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for eliminating multiple reflections in a microwave receiving antenna system, characterized in that, include: Obtain environmental parameters that reflect changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing, and obtain signal characteristics that reflect the influence of the antenna package housing on microwave signals; Based on the environmental parameters and signal characteristics, evaluate the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing and determine the impedance matching requirements between the antenna package housing and the receiving antenna. According to the impedance matching requirements, adjust the electrical characteristics of the matching layer disposed between the receiving antenna and the antenna package shell; The signal features are acquired again, and based on the acquired signal features, the electrical characteristics of the matching layer are verified and iteratively optimized. The step of adjusting the electrical characteristics of the matching layer disposed between the receiving antenna and the antenna package housing includes: Continuously monitor the environmental parameters and calculate the rate of change of the environmental parameters; Identify drastic changes in environmental parameters that exceed a preset threshold within a preset time period; The rate of change extracted in real time and the drastic change events identified in real time are used as environmental change features. The environmental change features are compared with preset event fingerprints. The comparison is used to determine whether a periodic event is currently occurring or about to occur, and the periodic event judgment result is obtained. When the periodic event judgment result indicates that a periodic event has been identified, the system switches from the conventional feedback adjustment mode to the proactive compensation mode. Load the preset voltage adjustment sequence corresponding to the event fingerprint; Based on the pre-loaded preset voltage adjustment sequence, and according to the advance compensation trajectory of the advance compensation mode, advance compensation voltage is applied to the matching layer in advance. The reflection loss of the microwave signal is continuously monitored, and the advance compensation voltage is corrected in real time. Determine whether the identified periodic event has ended, and after the periodic event ends, switch from the advance compensation mode back to the regular feedback adjustment mode.

2. The method for eliminating multiple reflections in a microwave receiving antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of continuously monitoring the reflection loss of the microwave signal and correcting the lead compensation voltage in real time includes: Obtain the reflection loss of microwave signals; Obtain the deviation between the reflection loss and the preset target value; By analyzing the deviation, the current value of the reflection loss, the direction of change of the reflection loss, and the rate of change of the reflection loss are obtained. Based on the current value of the reflection loss, the direction of change of the reflection loss, and the rate of change of the reflection loss, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient used to correct the lead compensation voltage are adjusted to perform real-time correction of the lead compensation voltage.

3. The method for eliminating multiple reflections in a microwave receiving antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the electrical characteristics of the matching layer disposed between the receiving antenna and the antenna package shell according to the impedance matching requirements includes: It continuously transmits microwave signals, and the microwave signals that penetrate the antenna package are captured by the receiving antenna array; The microwave signal is processed to obtain the corresponding spatial features; Based on the spatial characteristics, the electrical characteristics of a local area of ​​the antenna packaging shell are inferred; Based on the electrical characteristics of a local area of ​​the antenna package, the reflection source is located and the impedance matching requirement is determined. Based on the impedance matching requirements, a local adjustment command is generated to adjust the electrical characteristics of the matching layer.

4. The method for eliminating multiple reflections in a microwave receiving antenna system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient used to correct the lead compensation voltage in real time based on the current value of the reflection loss, the direction of change of the reflection loss, and the rate of change of the reflection loss includes: Monitor the temperature distribution of the matching layer material; Determine whether the correction effect of the reflection loss has a persistent deviation, or whether the temperature distribution has an anomaly that does not match the trend of changes in ambient temperature and humidity; When the persistent deviation or anomaly is determined to exist, the material property adaptive evaluation program is initiated. In the material property adaptive evaluation procedure, a test voltage is applied to the matching layer, and the electric field propagation capability response corresponding to the test voltage is measured; Based on the electric field propagation capability response, update the voltage-electric field propagation capability correspondence of the matching layer material; Based on the updated voltage-electric field propagation capability correspondence, as well as the current value of the reflection loss, the direction of change of the reflection loss, and the rate of change of the reflection loss, the proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and differential coefficient used to correct the lead compensation voltage are adjusted to perform real-time correction of the lead compensation voltage.

5. The method for eliminating multiple reflections in a microwave receiving antenna system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the correction effect of the reflection loss has a persistent deviation, or whether the temperature distribution has an anomaly that does not conform to the trend of changes in ambient temperature and humidity, includes: The reflection loss is subjected to time-domain filtering to remove short-term fluctuations caused by instantaneous environmental disturbances or measurement noise, resulting in the filtered reflection loss. Spatially smooth the temperature distribution of the matching layer material to eliminate local instantaneous temperature anomalies and obtain a smoothed temperature distribution; Based on the filtered reflection loss, calculate the average value and fluctuation range of the correction deviation of the reflection loss over several consecutive time periods. Based on the smoothed temperature distribution, the degree of deviation between the temperature distribution of the matching layer material and the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes is calculated. When the average value of the correction deviation of the reflection loss exceeds a preset first threshold and the fluctuation amplitude is less than a preset second threshold, it is determined that there is a persistent deviation caused by changes in the material's own properties. When the temperature distribution of the matching layer material deviates from the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes by more than the preset third threshold, it is determined that there is an anomaly that does not conform to the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes.

6. The method for eliminating multiple reflections in a microwave receiving antenna system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining that there is a persistent deviation caused by changes in the material's own properties when the average value of the correction deviation of the reflection loss exceeds a preset first threshold and the fluctuation amplitude is less than a preset second threshold includes: Microwave signals are sequentially transmitted at several preset microwave frequency points, and the corresponding reflection loss is captured. The reflection loss captured at each microwave frequency point is subjected to time-domain filtering to remove short-term fluctuations caused by instantaneous environmental disturbances or measurement noise, and the filtered reflection loss is obtained. For each frequency point, based on the filtered reflection loss, the average value and fluctuation amplitude of the correction deviation of the reflection loss over several consecutive time periods are calculated. When the average value of the correction deviation of the reflection loss at at least two different frequency points simultaneously exceeds their respective preset first thresholds, and the corresponding fluctuation amplitudes are all less than their respective preset second thresholds, it is determined that there is a persistent deviation caused by changes in the material's own properties.

7. The method for eliminating multiple reflections in a microwave receiving antenna system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining that there is an anomaly inconsistent with the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes when the temperature distribution of the matching layer material deviates from the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes by more than a preset third threshold includes: A consistency check is performed on the temperature distribution data of the matching layer material to identify any sudden changes in local temperature sensor readings or missing data. Verify the trends in ambient temperature and humidity to check the integrity and timing of data transmission; The degree of deviation between the temperature distribution of the matching layer material after passing the consistency check and the trend of environmental temperature and humidity change after passing the verification is used as the comparison data after verification; the comparison data after verification is compared with the preset anomaly pattern to obtain the deviation feature comparison result. When the deviation feature comparison result indicates that a deviation feature matching the abnormal pattern has been identified, an early warning is issued; When the deviation continues to exceed the preset third threshold and does not conform to any preset abnormality pattern, it is determined that there is an abnormality that does not conform to the trend of environmental temperature and humidity changes.

8. The method for eliminating multiple reflections in a microwave receiving antenna system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The degree of deviation between the temperature distribution of the matching layer material after passing the consistency check and the trend of environmental temperature and humidity change after passing the verification is used as the comparison data after verification. The steps for comparing the verified comparison data with the preset anomaly pattern to obtain the deviation feature comparison results include: Spatial features of the temperature distribution of the matching layer material are extracted to obtain a set of spatial features; Temporal features are extracted from the data corresponding to the changing trends of ambient temperature and humidity to obtain a set of temporal features; The spatial feature set and the temporal feature set are input into the anomaly feature decomposition module; The anomaly feature decomposition module decomposes the complex deviation features reflected by the spatial feature set and the temporal feature set into several anomaly components; Each anomalous component is compared with a preset single anomalous pattern to obtain the degree of matching between each anomalous component and the single anomalous pattern. The cause of the anomaly is determined based on the degree of matching between each anomaly component and a single anomaly pattern, as well as the logical relationship between several anomaly components.

9. A multiple reflection cancellation system for a microwave receiving antenna system, used to perform the multiple reflection cancellation method for a microwave receiving antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: The signal feature acquisition module is used to acquire environmental parameters that reflect changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing, and to acquire signal features that reflect the influence of the antenna package housing on the microwave signal. The impedance matching requirement judgment module is used to evaluate the electrical characteristics of the antenna package housing based on the environmental parameters and the signal characteristics, and to determine the impedance matching requirement between the antenna package housing and the receiving antenna. An electrical characteristic adjustment module is used to adjust the electrical characteristics of the matching layer disposed between the receiving antenna and the antenna package shell according to the impedance matching requirements; The step of adjusting the electrical characteristics of the matching layer disposed between the receiving antenna and the antenna package housing includes: Continuously monitor the environmental parameters and calculate the rate of change of the environmental parameters; Identify drastic changes in environmental parameters that exceed a preset threshold within a preset time period; The rate of change extracted in real time and the drastic change events identified in real time are used as environmental change features. The environmental change features are compared with preset event fingerprints. The comparison is used to determine whether a periodic event is currently occurring or about to occur, and the periodic event judgment result is obtained. When the periodic event judgment result indicates that a periodic event has been identified, the system switches from the conventional feedback adjustment mode to the proactive compensation mode. Load the preset voltage adjustment sequence corresponding to the event fingerprint; Based on the pre-loaded preset voltage adjustment sequence, and according to the advance compensation trajectory of the advance compensation mode, advance compensation voltage is applied to the matching layer in advance. The reflection loss of the microwave signal is continuously monitored, and the advance compensation voltage is corrected in real time. Determine whether the identified periodic event has ended, and after the periodic event ends, switch from the advance compensation mode back to the regular feedback adjustment mode; The iterative optimization execution module is used to reacquire the signal features and, based on the reacquired signal features, verify and iteratively optimize the adjustment of the electrical characteristics of the matching layer.

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