Sorting system with double upper elastic plates

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation equipment, in particular to a double-upper-elastic-plate sorting system which comprises a first ejection executing mechanism and a second ejection executing mechanism which are arranged towards the conveying tail end of a material conveying unit, the material conveying unit conveys materials on the material conveying unit to the conveying tail end in the X-axis direction, the materials do falling motion at the conveying tail end, and the first ejection executing mechanism and the second ejection executing mechanism are arranged on the conveying tail end. The first ejection executing mechanism and the second ejection executing mechanism are arranged on the outer side of a material track coverage area along a material falling body motion track; and the execution part of each execution unit of the first ejection execution mechanism and the second ejection execution mechanism performs reciprocating displacement motion towards the inner side of the motion trail of the material falling body, and is selectively started to hit the target material. Gangue removal and coal briquette grading are synchronously carried out, and materials with different particle sizes are covered; identification signals are accurately responded, target materials are hit in a targeted mode, and the sorting precision is high; the structure is compact, the action is efficient, the beneficiation efficiency is greatly improved, and energy consumption and labor cost are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mineral processing equipment technology, and in particular to a double upper plate sorting system. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial fields such as mineral resource sorting and solid waste recycling, dry separation technology has become a key link in material pretreatment and sorting due to its advantages such as no water consumption, energy saving and environmental protection, and simple process. As one of the mainstream dry separation equipment, the spring-loaded mechanical dry separator has been widely used in specific material sorting scenarios due to its relatively simple structure and convenient operation. Its core function is to utilize the differences in physical properties of materials with different densities to achieve efficient separation of target materials and impurities, providing qualified raw materials for subsequent production processes.

[0003] The core sorting mechanism of existing plate-type mechanical dry separators consists of a series of parallel-arranged plates. The workflow is as follows: material is evenly spread onto a conveyor belt by a vibrating feeder, and then falls onto the plate area in a projectile manner. Driven by a rotating mechanism, the plates generate periodic striking motions. Utilizing the collision and bouncing effect between the material and the plates, as well as the difference in friction coefficients, materials of different densities are separated. However, this structural design has significant limitations. Its sorting effect is severely constrained by the fixed physical width of each plate: for fine-grained materials much smaller than the plate width, the spatial constraints make it difficult to rationally arrange matching mechanical actuators, resulting in low sorting efficiency and poor separation effect; for coarse-grained materials much larger than the plate width, they are easily jammed between adjacent plates, directly causing sorting failure and potentially leading to serious malfunctions such as equipment jamming, component wear, or even complete shutdown. Due to this limitation, traditional spring-plate mechanical dry separators can only effectively separate materials with a narrow particle size range of 150mm-300mm, which greatly limits their application scope. When faced with feeds with wide particle sizes or uneven particle size distribution, additional complex pre-screening, crushing and other pre-treatment processes are required, which significantly increases the overall complexity of the system, equipment investment costs and subsequent operation and maintenance costs. Meanwhile, the striking action of the lower web plate in existing equipment is usually driven by a cylinder. This driving method has obvious drawbacks: when performing the striking action, the cylinder not only needs to overcome the gravity and inertia of the spring plate assembly itself, but also needs to continuously withstand the impact load from the falling material. When the material falls from a height and impacts the surface of the spring plate, it generates a huge instantaneous force opposite to the direction of the spring plate's movement. This force is directly transmitted to the cylinder piston rod through transmission structures such as the swing arm. This puts the cylinder under harsh conditions of variable load and impact for a long time, which can easily lead to accelerated wear of the internal seals, bending deformation of the piston rod, and fatigue fracture of connecting parts, resulting in frequent cylinder failures and a significantly shortened service life. This problem not only greatly increases the maintenance cost and downtime of the equipment, but also seriously affects the continuity and stability of the dry separator's sorting process, thus restricting the improvement of overall production efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the core technical defects of existing plate-type mechanical dry separators, such as narrow particle size adaptation range and low reliability of drive mechanism, there is an urgent need to develop an optimized solution for plate-type mechanical dry separators that can break through the fixed width limitation of plate, adapt to the separation of wide particle size materials, optimize the drive structure, and improve the stability and service life of equipment operation. This solution can expand the application scenarios of the equipment, reduce system operating costs, ensure continuous and efficient separation operations, and meet the high-performance requirements of industrial production for dry separation equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a dual upper plate sorting system to solve the problems of narrow particle size adaptation range and low reliability of drive mechanism in the prior art.

[0006] The embodiments of this application can be implemented through the following technical solutions: A double-top ejector sorting system includes a first ejector mechanism and a second ejector mechanism disposed toward the conveying end of a material conveying unit. The material conveying unit conveys the material on it to the conveying end along the X-axis direction. The material undergoes a falling motion at the conveying end. The first ejector mechanism and the second ejector mechanism are arranged outside the material trajectory coverage area along the falling motion trajectory of the material. The first ejection actuator and the second ejection actuator are each provided with a plurality of actuators. The plurality of actuators of each actuator are arranged along the Y-axis direction, and the actuator of each actuator moves back and forth toward the inside of the material falling trajectory. During operation, each actuator of the first ejection actuator and the second ejection actuator selectively activates and strikes the target material according to the real-time identification result of the material.

[0007] Furthermore, the first ejection actuator and the second ejection actuator are connected to the frame, with the first ejection actuator positioned above the second ejection actuator. Along the Y-axis, the width of the actuator part of the first ejection actuator is greater than the width of the actuator part of the second ejection actuator.

[0008] Furthermore, the second ejection actuator includes several corresponding second drive mechanisms and second spring plates. The second drive mechanisms are arranged along the direction of the falling trajectory of the material, and the several second drive mechanisms are arranged along the Y-axis. The fixed end of the second drive mechanism is fixedly connected to the frame, and the drive end is hinged to the back of the second spring plate. The second spring plate is arranged along the Z-axis towards the material trajectory coverage area, and the several second spring plates are arranged along the Y-axis. The top of the several second spring plates is respectively hinged to the second support plate of the frame. Under the action of the second drive mechanism, each second spring plate reciprocates around its respective second hinge part as the rotation center, moving towards or away from the material trajectory coverage area.

[0009] Furthermore, the second drive mechanism is a cylinder, and the various execution units of the second ejection actuator are arranged in an alternating high and low manner along the Z-axis direction, and the width of the second ejector plate is set to 30-45mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the heights of several second spring plates located at higher positions are consistent, and the heights of several second spring plates located at lower positions are also consistent, with a preset height difference between the second spring plates at higher positions and the second spring plates at lower positions along the Z-axis.

[0011] Furthermore, the first ejection actuator includes a first ejection drive mechanism and a first ejection plate. The fixed end of the first ejection drive mechanism is fixedly connected to the frame, and the drive end is hinged to the back of the first ejection plate. A plurality of the first ejection plates are located above the second ejection plate at a higher position.

[0012] Furthermore, several first spring plates are arranged along the Z-axis toward the material trajectory coverage area, several first spring plates are arranged along the Y-axis, and the tops of several first spring plates are respectively hinged to the first support plate of the frame to form several first hinge parts. Under the action of the first ejection drive mechanism, each first spring plate reciprocates and swings around its respective first hinge part as the rotation center, moving toward or away from the material trajectory coverage area.

[0013] Furthermore, a first material box and a second material box are arranged sequentially along the X-axis below the material trajectory coverage area. The first material box located in front is used to receive gangue that has not been hit and is falling along the original free fall trajectory, while the second material box located behind is used to receive coal blocks whose movement trajectory has been changed after being hit by the first or second ejection actuator.

[0014] The dual-top spring plate intelligent sorting system provided in the embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: The core advantage of the dual upper plate sorting system in this application lies in the significant expansion of the coal particle size sorting range through the high and low grouping design of the second plate: the high and low second plates form a preset height difference along the Z-axis, which, together with the first plate, can accurately cover the falling trajectory of coal blocks of different particle sizes to achieve full-range coverage sorting of fine to medium-coarse coal. This solves the problem of poor adaptability and limited sorting range of traditional sorting equipment for materials of different particle sizes, and greatly improves the equipment's adaptability and sorting applicability to complex materials. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dual-top-spring-plate intelligent sorting system according to this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ejection execution module in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second ejection actuator in this application; Figures 4 to 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the sorting of materials based on different particle sizes and identification characteristics.

[0016] Numbers in the diagram S-Frame; S1-First Frame; S2-Second Frame; 1-Material Conveying Unit; 2-Material; 3-First Ejection Actuator; 31-First Ejection Drive Mechanism; 32-First Ejector Plate; 321-First Hinge; 4-Second Ejection Actuator; 41-Second Drive Mechanism; 411-Drive End; 42-Second Ejector Plate; 421-Second Hinge; 10-First Material Box; 11-Second Material Box. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present application will now be further described based on preferred embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Furthermore, for ease of understanding, various components on the drawings have been enlarged or reduced, but this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] Singular forms of words also include plural meanings, and vice versa.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, in the description of this application, in order to distinguish different units, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used in this specification, but these are not limited by the manufacturing order, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Their names may differ in the detailed description and claims of this application.

[0021] The vocabulary used in this specification is for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. It should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application.

[0022] For ease of description, the conveying direction of material 2 is taken as the X-axis (from the feed end of material conveying unit 1 to the conveying end), the vertical direction of material falling is taken as the Z-axis, and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the X-axis and Z-axis is taken as the Y-axis. The three are perpendicular to each other to form a spatial rectangular coordinate system.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a double-top ejector sorting system includes a first ejector actuator 3 and a second ejector actuator 4 disposed toward the conveying end of a material conveying unit 1. The material conveying unit 1 conveys the material 2 on it to the conveying end along the X-axis direction, and the material 2 makes a falling motion at the conveying end.

[0024] It should be added that in an ideal physical model that ignores air resistance, materials of different particle sizes and densities will have the same free fall trajectory under the same initial velocity (same magnitude and direction). However, in actual industrial scenarios, factors such as air resistance, material shape, and consistency of initial velocity cannot be ignored, which leads to the differentiation of material trajectories of different particle sizes and densities. The trajectories of different materials (distinguished by characteristics such as particle size and density) cover the area covered by the free fall trajectory.

[0025] In some preferred embodiments, the first ejection actuator 3 and the second ejection actuator 4 are arranged outside the material trajectory coverage area along the falling trajectory of the material 2, so as to ensure full coverage of the material 2 at different positions on the falling trajectory.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, the first ejector actuator 3 and the second ejector actuator 4 are each provided with a plurality of actuator units. The plurality of actuator units of each actuator are arranged along the Y-axis direction, and the actuator part of each actuator unit moves back and forth toward the inside of the material falling trajectory. During operation, each actuator unit of the first ejector actuator 3 and the second ejector actuator 4 selectively opens and precisely strikes the target material according to the real-time identification results of the material 2 (such as density, particle size, composition and other characteristics), thereby achieving efficient sorting of materials with different characteristics.

[0027] In some preferred embodiments, the first ejector actuator 3 and the second ejector actuator 4 are connected to the frame S to form an ejector actuator module. The first ejector actuator 3 is positioned above the second ejector actuator 4 along the Y-axis. The width of the actuator part of the first ejector actuator 3 is greater than the width of the actuator part of the second ejector actuator 4. The wider actuator part can not only cover a larger trajectory range, but also improve the sorting efficiency of large-particle and heavy materials. At the same time, it can reduce the number of actuator units, simplify the layout of the upper mechanism, and avoid spatial interference with the lower actuator. The narrow actuator part can avoid hitting coal of different particle sizes at the same time, ensuring the grading accuracy.

[0028] In some preferred embodiments, the execution units of the second ejection actuator 4 are arranged in an alternating high and low staggered manner along the Z-axis. The second ejection actuator 4 includes several corresponding second drive mechanisms 41 and second spring plates 42. The second drive mechanisms 41 are arranged along the direction of the falling trajectory of the material 2, and the several second drive mechanisms 41 are arranged along the Y-axis. The fixed end of the second drive mechanism 41 is fixedly connected to the frame S, and the drive end 411 is hinged to the back of the second spring plate 42. The second spring plate 42 is oriented along the Z-axis toward the material trajectory coverage area. The system is configured such that several second spring plates 42 are arranged along the Y-axis, and the tops of several second spring plates 42 are respectively hinged to the first support plate S2 of the frame S to form a second hinge part 421. Under the action of the second drive mechanism 41, each second spring plate 42 reciprocates around its respective second hinge part 421 as the rotation center, moving towards or away from the material trajectory coverage area. Its swing angle and swing frequency can be flexibly adjusted according to the trajectory characteristics of coal with different particle sizes, ensuring that each second spring plate 42 can accurately strike the material in the corresponding particle size range, thereby achieving efficient grading and sorting of coal with different particle sizes.

[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the second drive mechanism 41 is a cylinder, and the width of the second spring plate 42 is set to 30-45mm. This size design and the arrangement of the second execution unit are based on the following technical considerations: On the one hand, for the large amount of 50mm-sized fine particles present in material 2, to ensure that the second spring plate 42 can accurately strike materials in this particle size range and avoid missed strikes, the width of the second spring plate 42 needs to be less than 50mm to meet the sorting requirements of fine particles; on the other hand, due to the limitation of cylinder driving capability, if a small-sized cylinder with a diameter less than 75mm is selected, its output thrust cannot overcome the motion inertia of the second spring plate 42 and the impact load of the material 2, making it difficult to achieve an effective striking action. Therefore, a cylinder with a diameter of not less than 75mm is required as the second drive mechanism 41. Since a 75mm diameter cylinder occupies a large lateral space, if several second drive mechanisms 41 (cylinders) are laid out flat along the Y-axis, the spacing between adjacent second spring plates 42 will be too large, affecting the comprehensive coverage of the material trajectory coverage area. Based on this, by arranging several second drive mechanisms 41 (cylinders) and their corresponding second spring plates 42 in an alternating high and low staggered manner along the Z-axis, it is ensured that the width of the second spring plates 42 meets the sorting requirements of 50mm fine-grained materials, and the contradiction between the lateral space occupied by the large-diameter cylinders and the dense arrangement of the spring plates is resolved, thus achieving blind-spot-free coverage of the material trajectory coverage area and accurate grading of coal of different particle sizes.

[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the heights of several second spring plates 42 located at higher positions are consistent, and the heights of several second spring plates 42 located at lower positions are also consistent. Furthermore, the second spring plates 42 at higher positions and the second spring plates 42 at lower positions form a preset height difference along the Z-axis direction. This achieves a dense arrangement of spring plates in the Y-axis direction to avoid mechanical interference, while also covering the falling trajectory of coal with different particle sizes in layers. At the same time, it simplifies assembly and maintenance, ensures consistent impact, and thus improves the accuracy of fine coal grading and the stability of equipment operation.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments, the first ejection actuator 3 includes a first ejection drive mechanism 31 and a first ejection plate 32. The fixed end of the first ejection drive mechanism 31 is fixedly connected to the frame S, and the drive end is hinged to the back of the first ejection plate 32. A plurality of the first ejection plates 32 are located above the second ejection plate 42 at a higher position.

[0032] In some preferred embodiments, a plurality of first spring plates 32 are arranged along the Z-axis toward the material trajectory coverage area, and a plurality of first spring plates 32 are arranged along the Y-axis. The tops of the plurality of first spring plates 32 are respectively hinged to the first support plate S1 of the frame S, forming a plurality of first hinge parts 321. Under the action of the first ejection drive mechanism 31, each first spring plate 32 reciprocates around its respective first hinge part 321 as the rotation center, and moves in a reciprocating motion toward or away from the material trajectory coverage area. Its swing angle and swing frequency can be flexibly adjusted according to the trajectory characteristics of coal with different particle sizes, ensuring that each first spring plate 32 can accurately strike the material in the corresponding particle size range, thereby achieving efficient grading and sorting of coal with different particle sizes.

[0033] In some preferred embodiments, an identification module 13 for real-time identification of the characteristics of material 2 is also provided above the material conveying unit 1. When the identification module 13 detects material 2 and determines that it is a target material whose movement trajectory needs to be changed, it will immediately send a trigger signal to the corresponding first ejection actuator 3 or second ejection actuator 4. The actuator unit in the actuator that matches the falling trajectory of the target material will respond quickly and start precisely. The target material will be struck by the reciprocating swing of the actuator end (spring plate), causing the movement trajectory of the target material to be deflected by a preset direction, and finally ejected into the material collection box, thereby realizing the directional collection and sorting of the target material.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments, a first material box 10 and a second material box 11 are arranged sequentially along the X-axis below the material trajectory coverage area. The first material box 10, located in front (near the end of the material conveying unit 1), is used to receive gangue that has not been hit and is falling along the original free fall trajectory. The second material box 11, located behind, is used to receive coal blocks whose movement trajectory has been changed after being hit by the first ejection actuator 3 or the second ejection actuator 4.

[0035] In some preferred embodiments, the height of the right baffle 102 of the first material box 10 is set to prevent the gangue from deflecting towards the second material box 11 when it falls along the free fall trajectory, and the height of its left baffle 101 is set to be lower than the lowest point of the free fall trajectory of the gangue, ensuring that the gangue falls smoothly into the first material box 10; the height of the left baffle 111 of the second material box 11 is set to prevent the ejected coal block from deflecting towards the first material box 10, and the height of its right baffle 112 is set to be lower than the lowest point of the ejection trajectory of the coal block, ensuring that the coal block enters the second material box 11 smoothly after the trajectory deflection. Through the front and rear arrangement along the X-axis and the differentiated design of the baffle height, the directional separation and precise collection of gangue and coal block are achieved.

[0036] The following provides a detailed explanation of this application in conjunction with specific operations: like Figure 4As shown, the material conveying unit 1 conveys the material 2 along the X-axis to the conveying end. Without external force intervention, the material 2 undergoes free fall at the conveying end and falls into the first material box 10. Figure 5 As shown, when large-sized materials requiring sorting are detected, the first ejection drive mechanism 31 pushes the first ejector plate 32 to move and strike the material. The large-sized materials to be sorted are struck into the second material box 11, as shown. Figure 6 As shown, when small-sized materials that need to be sorted are detected, the second drive mechanism 41 pushes the second spring plate 42 to move and strike the materials, and the small-sized materials to be sorted are struck into the second material box 11.

[0037] The specific embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. For those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to this application without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A dual-top spring plate sorting system, characterized in that, include: A first ejector mechanism (3) and a second ejector mechanism (4) are provided at the conveying end of the material conveying unit (1). The material conveying unit (1) conveys the material (2) on it to the conveying end along the X-axis direction. The material (2) makes a falling motion at the conveying end. The first ejector mechanism (3) and the second ejector mechanism (4) are arranged outside the material trajectory coverage area along the falling motion trajectory of the material (2). The first ejection actuator (3) and the second ejection actuator (4) are respectively provided with a number of actuators. The number of actuators of each actuator are arranged along the Y-axis direction, and the actuator of each actuator moves back and forth towards the inside of the material falling trajectory. When working, each actuator of the first ejection actuator (3) and the second ejection actuator (4) selectively opens and strikes the target material according to the real-time identification result of the material (2).

2. The dual upper spring plate sorting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first ejection actuator (3) and the second ejection actuator (4) are connected to the frame (S). The first ejection actuator (3) is located above the second ejection actuator (4) along the Y-axis direction. The width of the actuator of the first ejection actuator (3) is greater than the width of the actuator of the second ejection actuator (4).

3. The dual upper spring plate sorting system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second ejection actuator (4) includes several corresponding second drive mechanisms (41) and second spring plates (42). The second drive mechanisms (41) are arranged along the falling trajectory direction of the material (2). The several second drive mechanisms (41) are arranged along the Y-axis direction. The fixed end of the second drive mechanism (41) is fixedly connected to the frame (S). The drive end (411) is hinged to the back of the second spring plate (42). The second spring plate (42) is arranged along the Z-axis towards the material trajectory coverage area. The several second spring plates (42) are arranged along the Y-axis direction, and the top of the several second spring plates (42) is respectively hinged to the second support plate (S2) of the frame (S). Under the action of the second drive mechanism (41), each second spring plate (42) reciprocates and swings along the direction close to or away from the material trajectory coverage area with its own second hinge part (421) as the rotation center.

4. The dual upper spring plate sorting system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second drive mechanism (41) is a cylinder, and the various execution units of the second ejection actuator (4) are arranged in alternating high and low positions along the Z-axis direction. The width of the second ejector plate (42) is set to 30-45mm.

5. The dual upper spring plate sorting system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heights of several second spring plates (42) located at higher positions are consistent, and the heights of several second spring plates (42) located at lower positions are also consistent. Furthermore, the second spring plates (42) located at higher positions and the second spring plates (42) located at lower positions form a preset height difference along the Z-axis.

6. The dual upper spring plate sorting system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first ejection actuator (3) includes a first ejection drive mechanism (31) and a first ejection plate (32). The fixed end of the first ejection drive mechanism (31) is fixedly connected to the frame (S), and the drive end is hinged to the back of the first ejection plate (32). Several first ejection plates (32) are located above the second ejection plate (42) which is in a higher position.

7. The dual upper spring plate sorting system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Several first spring plates (32) are arranged along the Z-axis toward the material trajectory coverage area, and several first spring plates (32) are arranged along the Y-axis. The tops of several first spring plates (32) are respectively hinged to the first support plate (S1) of the frame (S) to form several first hinge parts (321). Under the action of the first ejection drive mechanism (31), each first spring plate (32) uses its own first hinge part (321) as the rotation center and performs reciprocating swing motion in the direction of approaching or moving away from the material trajectory coverage area.

8. The dual upper spring plate sorting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Below the material trajectory coverage area, a first material box (10) and a second material box (11) are arranged sequentially along the X-axis. The first material box (10) located in front is used to receive gangue that has not been hit and has fallen along the original free fall trajectory. The second material box (11) located behind is used to receive coal blocks whose movement trajectory has been changed after being hit by the first ejection actuator (3) or the second ejection actuator (4).

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