Welding method for controlling welding deformation of nickel-based alloy composite plate

Abstract

The invention discloses a welding method for controlling welding deformation of a nickel-based alloy composite plate. The nickel-based alloy composite plate comprises a base material layer and a nickel-based alloy composite material layer. The welding method comprises the steps that an X-shaped groove symmetrical in the thickness direction is machined in the welding section of the nickel-based alloy composite board, and the X-shaped groove comprises a central straight part, two first inclined parts and two second inclined parts, and the two first inclined parts and the two second inclined parts are arranged on the two sides of the central straight part in the thickness direction correspondingly; the first inclined part is connected with the central straight part; and the positions, corresponding to the first inclined part and the second inclined part, of the base material layer and the nickel-based alloy composite material layer are subjected to multi-pass welding through argon tungsten-arc welding. According to the welding method, welding deformation can be effectively reduced on the basis that reliable connection of the nickel-based alloy composite plates is achieved, and other auxiliary deformation control means are not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a welding method, and more particularly to a welding method for composite plates. Background Technology

[0002] Single-sided nickel-based alloy composite plates are binary metal composite structural materials, typically composed of nickel-based alloys and carbon steel through rolling, explosive bonding, or other methods. The resulting material exhibits excellent comprehensive properties, including good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, the two component metals are dissimilar and possess significant differences in physical properties. For example, in the commonly used Incoloy 825 / X52 composite plates, the room temperature yield strength of the cladding base material, Incoloy 825, is lower than that of the base material, X52, while its coefficient of thermal expansion is greater. This difference in physical properties, coupled with the multi-layer, multi-pass welding method of the composite plate and the use of mixed welding materials—that is, using carbon steel welding materials matching the base material for the base weld, and nickel-based alloy welding materials with performance no less than that of the cladding base material for the transition and cladding welds—makes the welding deformation of the nickel-based alloy composite plate difficult to predict and control. This is especially true when the number of weld passes in the transition and cladding layers is large; repeated heating and cooling exacerbate shrinkage deformation in the welded area, increasing overall welding deformation.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN104607775A, published on May 13, 2015, entitled "An Automatic Submerged Arc Welding Method for Nickel Alloy Composite Plates," discloses an automatic submerged arc welding method for nickel alloy composite plates. This method employs submerged arc welding with mixed filler materials to achieve a good connection between nickel-based alloy composite plates. However, this patent document does not address the welding deformation problem of the composite plate caused by the increased number of welding passes in the transition and cladding layers and the dual influence of the differences in physical properties between nickel-based alloys and carbon steel under this welding sequence. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a welding method for preventing welding deformation of nickel-based alloy composite plates. This method can not only ensure good fusion of the weld seam of the composite plate, but also effectively prevent welding deformation of the nickel-based alloy composite plate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a welding method for controlling welding deformation of a nickel-based alloy composite plate, wherein the nickel-based alloy composite plate comprises a substrate layer and a nickel-based alloy composite layer; the welding method includes the following steps:

[0006] A symmetrical X-shaped bevel is machined on the welding section of the nickel-based alloy composite plate in the thickness direction. The X-shaped bevel includes a central straight section and two first inclined sections and two second inclined sections respectively provided on both sides of the central straight section in the thickness direction, wherein the first inclined sections are connected to the central straight section.

[0007] Tungsten inert gas welding is used to perform multi-pass welding on the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer at positions corresponding to the first and second inclined portions.

[0008] This invention employs tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) based on a multi-layer, multi-pass welding method, combined with a symmetrically designed composite X-shaped groove, which ensures that the weld of the nickel-based alloy composite plate has a good fusion state and microstructure while significantly reducing welding deformation.

[0009] Among them, processing the bevel into a symmetrical composite X-bevel not only facilitates assembly, but also avoids defects such as incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration during root welding.

[0010] Furthermore, in the welding method described in this invention, the angle α1 between the first inclined portion and the vertical direction is 25-45°.

[0011] In this embodiment, in order to reduce the weld bead area and reduce the filler wire, the angle α1 between the first inclined portion and the vertical direction is controlled between 25-45°.

[0012] Furthermore, in the welding method described in this invention, the angle α2 between the second inclined portion and the vertical direction is 5-15°.

[0013] In this implementation, in order to reduce the width of the fill and cover welds to minimize welding shrinkage deformation, while also taking into account the formation and spreading of the nickel-based alloy molten pool, the angle α2 between the second inclined portion and the vertical direction is controlled between 5-15°.

[0014] Furthermore, in the welding method described in this invention, the thickness b4 of the central straight portion is 0.5-1.5 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, in the welding method described in this invention, when the total thickness b1 of the nickel-based alloy composite plate is greater than 16mm, it satisfies (b1-1-2b5)×tanα1+2×b5×tanα2+w1≥15mm, where α1 represents the angle between the first inclined portion and the vertical direction, α2 represents the angle between the second inclined portion and the vertical direction, b5 represents the thickness of the second inclined portion, and w1 represents the assembly gap.

[0016] Furthermore, in the welding method described in this invention, the assembly gap w1 is 1-2 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, in the welding method described in this invention, the thickness b5 of the second inclined portion is less than or equal to the thickness b3 of the nickel-based alloy composite layer.

[0018] In this implementation, in order to reduce the width of the fill and cover welds to minimize welding shrinkage deformation, while also taking into account the formation and spreading of the nickel-based alloy molten pool, a composite design is adopted for the bevel, with a tapered edge design at the top of the bevel, and the thickness b5 of the second inclined portion is less than or equal to the thickness b3 of the nickel-based alloy composite layer.

[0019] Furthermore, in the welding method of the present invention, in the step of performing multi-pass welding on the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer corresponding to the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion using tungsten inert gas welding:

[0020] The first pass of the substrate layer is welded using hot-wire pulsed tungsten inert gas welding, and nickel-based alloy welding wire is used for the filler metal.

[0021] The first pass of the nickel-based alloy composite layer was welded using single tungsten inert gas welding, and nickel-based alloy welding wire was used as the filler metal.

[0022] Hot-wire oscillating tungsten inert gas welding is used to alternately fill and cover the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer, and solid nickel-based alloy welding wire is used as the welding material.

[0023] Furthermore, in the welding method described in this invention, when performing root pass welding on the first weld bead of the substrate layer using hot-wire pulsed tungsten inert gas welding: the welding voltage is controlled at 11-13V, the base welding current at 100-120A, the peak welding current at 160-180A, the welding speed at 70-90mm / min, the wire feed speed at 0.8-1.2m / min, the hot wire current at 60-80A, the pulse frequency at 5-8Hz, and the duty cycle at 50%-80%.

[0024] Because nickel-based alloy molten pools have poor fluidity, and good weld formation needs to be achieved while avoiding burn-through during the root pass welding, this embodiment uses hot-wire pulsed tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding to perform the first weld pass on the substrate layer side. This minimizes the impact of inconsistent shrinkage caused by differences in the physical properties of the nickel-based alloy welding material and the substrate layer. All filler metal used is nickel-based alloy welding wire that is compatible with the cladding layer substrate.

[0025] Furthermore, in the welding method described in this invention, when welding the first weld pass of the nickel-based alloy composite layer using single tungsten inert gas welding: the welding voltage is controlled at 12-14V, the welding current at 180-200A, the welding speed at 90-110mm / min, and the wire feed speed at 0.8-1.2m / min.

[0026] In this implementation, to avoid root fusion failure, the pulse and hot wire processes are eliminated. Ordinary single tungsten inert gas welding is used to weld the root pass of the composite layer, and the current is appropriately increased. The filler metal is a nickel-based alloy welding wire with performance not lower than that of the nickel-based alloy base material of the composite layer.

[0027] Furthermore, in the welding method described in this invention, when hot-wire oscillating tungsten inert gas welding is used to alternately fill and cover the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer: the welding voltage is controlled at 11-14V, the welding current at 140-200A, the welding speed at 50-80mm / min, the wire feed speed at 0.6-1.2m / min, the hot-wire current at 60-90A, and the oscillation amplitude at 0.5-3mm; and the number of weld passes applied to the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer is controlled to be equal.

[0028] In this implementation, to ensure good fusion of the sidewalls while minimizing interlocking with the base material to reduce welding shrinkage, hot-wire tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is employed, with oscillation added. Filling and capping welding are performed alternately on the base material and cladding material sides. All welding materials used are solid welding wires with properties no lower than the nickel-based alloy of the base material in the cladding layer. Furthermore, to reduce the difference in welding shrinkage caused by the inconsistent number of weld beads on both sides of the X-groove, the number of weld beads applied to both the base material and cladding material sides must be controlled to be equal.

[0029] The welding method for controlling welding deformation of nickel-based alloy composite plates described in this invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0030] The welding method for controlling welding deformation of nickel-based alloy composite plates described in this invention can effectively reduce welding deformation while achieving reliable connection of nickel-based alloy composite plates, without the need for other auxiliary deformation control methods.

[0031] The welding method for controlling the welding deformation of nickel-based alloy composite plates described in this invention is simple and widespread, with low equipment procurement and maintenance costs. Furthermore, it is a parameterized welding process, which has low dependence on the welding qualifications of welders and has good scalability.

[0032] The welding method for controlling the welding deformation of nickel-based alloy composite plates described in this invention has low requirements for the assembly of components before welding, and no other welding methods need to be changed throughout the entire joint welding process, making it well adaptable to the changing production conditions in actual engineering. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 The diagram schematically illustrates the bevel used in the welding method for controlling welding deformation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 The cross-sectional morphology of the welded joint of the nickel-based alloy composite plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown.

[0035] Figure 3 A metallographic photograph of the nickel-based alloy composite plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The welding method for controlling welding deformation of nickel-based alloy composite plates according to the present invention will be further explained and described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, this explanation and description do not constitute an improper limitation on the technical solution of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 1 The image shows two nickel-based alloy composite plates, A and B, welded together to form weld 3. The nickel-based alloy composite plate includes a substrate layer 1 (e.g., a carbon steel substrate layer) and a nickel-based alloy composite layer 2. Figure 1 The designation “b1” indicates the total thickness of the nickel-based alloy composite plate, “b2” indicates the thickness of the base material layer, and “b3” indicates the thickness of the nickel-based alloy composite layer.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, a nickel-based alloy composite plate with the grade Incoloy 825-X52 can be used, wherein the substrate layer material is X52 and the nickel-based alloy composite layer material is Incoloy 825. The thickness b1 of this nickel-based alloy composite plate is 13 mm, the thickness b2 of the substrate layer is 10 mm, and the thickness b3 of the nickel-based alloy composite layer is 3 mm.

[0039] In some embodiments, the optimized welding method for nickel-based alloy composite plates may include the steps of:

[0040] 100: Processing at the welding position of the two spliced ​​nickel-based alloy composite plates A and B as follows Figure 1 The X-shaped bevel shown is symmetrical in the thickness direction. The X-shaped bevel includes a central straight portion 4, and two first inclined portions 5 and two second inclined portions 6 respectively disposed on both sides of the central straight portion 4 in the thickness direction, wherein the first inclined portions 5 are connected to the central straight portion 4. The first and second inclined portions on the nickel-based alloy composite layer side can be referred to as the "nickel-based alloy composite layer side bevel", and the first and second inclined portions on the substrate layer side can be referred to as the "substrate layer side bevel".

[0041] The thickness of the central straight section 4 is Figure 1 The thickness of the central straight section 4, indicated by "b4", can be controlled between 0.5 and 1.5 mm to facilitate assembly and avoid defects such as incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration during root welding.

[0042] Assembly gap at Figure 1 The part is denoted by "w1". In some more specific implementations, the assembly gap w2 can be 1-2mm to facilitate welding.

[0043] The thickness of the second inclined section is Figure 1The designation is indicated by "b5". In order to reduce the width of the filler and cover welds to minimize welding shrinkage and deformation, while also taking into account the formation and spreading of the nickel-based alloy molten pool, the top of the bevel is designed to be tapered. The thickness of the second inclined section, b5, is controlled to be less than or equal to the thickness of the nickel-based alloy composite layer, b3.

[0044] In some implementations, the angle α1 between the first inclined portion and the vertical direction can be controlled between 25-45°, which helps to reduce the weld area and reduce the amount of filler wire.

[0045] In some implementations, the angle α2 between the second inclined portion and the vertical direction can be controlled between 5 and 15°.

[0046] In some more specific embodiments, considering the downward movement and movement of the tungsten inert gas welding torch and wire feeder, when the total thickness b1 of the nickel-based alloy composite plate is greater than 16mm, the control is (b1-1-2b5)×tanα1+2×b5×tanα2+w1≥15mm, where α1 represents the angle between the first inclined part and the vertical direction, α2 represents the angle between the second inclined part and the vertical direction, b5 represents the thickness of the second inclined part, and w1 represents the assembly gap.

[0047] 200: Tungsten inert gas welding is used to perform multi-pass welding on the substrate layer side bevel and the nickel-based alloy composite layer side bevel.

[0048] In some specific implementations, step 200 includes:

[0049] The first weld bead (located near the core of the composite plate in the thickness direction) of the substrate layer side bevel is welded using hot-wire pulsed tungsten inert gas welding. The filler metal uses a nickel-based alloy welding wire compatible with the base material of the cladding layer. The welding voltage is controlled at 11-13V, the base current at 100-120A, the peak current at 160-180A, the welding speed at 70-90mm / min, the wire feed speed at 0.8-1.2m / min, the hot-wire current at 60-80A, the pulse frequency at 5-8Hz, and the duty cycle at 50%-80%. In some more specific embodiments, NiCrMo-3 solid welding wire compatible with the nickel-based alloy of the cladding layer can be used.

[0050] The first weld bead (located near the core of the composite plate in the thickness direction) of the nickel-based alloy composite layer is welded using single tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. The filler metal is made of nickel-based alloy welding wire. The welding voltage is controlled at 12-14V, the welding current at 180-200A, the welding speed at 90-110mm / min, and the wire feed speed at 0.8-1.2m / min. In some more specific embodiments, the filler metal can be made of NiCrMo-3 solid welding wire with performance no less than that of the cladding nickel-based alloy.

[0051] A hot-wire oscillating tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process is employed, alternating between filling and capping welding on the substrate layer and nickel-based alloy cladding layer bevels. This allows for multi-pass welding from the core to the surface. Solid welding wire compatible with the cladding layer base material is used. The welding voltage is controlled at 11-14V, the welding current at 140-200A, the welding speed at 50-80mm / min, the wire feed speed at 0.6-1.2m / min, the hot-wire current at 60-90A, and the oscillation amplitude at 0.5-3mm. Furthermore, the number of weld passes in the substrate layer and nickel-based alloy cladding layer bevels is controlled to be equal. In some more specific embodiments, a solid welding wire, NiCrMo-3, with performance no less than that of the cladding nickel-based alloy base material can be used.

[0052] To further demonstrate the technical effects of the preferred embodiments of this invention, Table 1 lists the characteristic parameters of the bevel used in the preferred embodiments 1-5 of this invention.

[0053] Table 1.

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Table 2 lists the welding process parameters used in the preferred embodiments 1-5 of the present invention when performing root pass welding on the first weld bead of the substrate layer.

[0057] Table 2.

[0058]

[0059] Table 3 lists the welding process parameters used in the preferred embodiments 1-5 of the present invention when welding the first weld pass of the composite layer.

[0060] Table 3.

[0061]

[0062] Table 4 lists the welding process parameters used in the preferred embodiments 1-5 of the present invention when alternately performing filler and cover welding on the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer.

[0063] Table 4.

[0064]

[0065] Figure 2 The cross-sectional morphology of the welded joint of the nickel-based alloy composite plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown.

[0066] like Figure 2As shown, the joint of Embodiment 1 of the present invention has a good bond, without defects such as incomplete penetration or lack of fusion, and the joint welding deformation is very small, with a deformation angle β of less than 5 degrees.

[0067] Figure 3 A metallographic photograph of the nickel-based alloy composite plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown.

[0068] like Figure 3 As shown, the weld microstructure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is a full austenitic microstructure of a nickel-based alloy, which indicates that the weld is not affected by the base material of the substrate layer. From the perspective of microstructure, it can be seen that the weld quality is high.

[0069] Therefore, the welding method for controlling welding deformation of nickel-based alloy composite plates described in this invention can effectively reduce welding deformation while achieving reliable connection of nickel-based alloy composite plates, and at the same time obtain high-quality welds.

[0070] It should be noted that the combination of the technical features in this case is not limited to the combination methods described in the claims of this case or the combination methods described in the specific embodiments. All technical features described in this case can be freely combined or combined in any way, unless they contradict each other.

[0071] It should also be noted that the embodiments listed above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and similar changes or modifications made thereto are those that can be directly derived or easily conceived by those skilled in the art from the content disclosed in the present invention, and should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding method for controlling welding deformation of a nickel-based alloy composite plate, wherein the nickel-based alloy composite plate comprises a substrate layer and a nickel-based alloy composite layer; characterized in that, The welding method includes the following steps: A symmetrical X-shaped bevel is machined on the welding section of the nickel-based alloy composite plate in the thickness direction. The X-shaped bevel includes a central straight section and two first inclined sections and two second inclined sections respectively provided on both sides of the central straight section in the thickness direction, wherein the first inclined sections are connected to the central straight section. Tungsten inert gas welding is used to perform multiple passes of welding on the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer corresponding to the first and second inclined portions.

2. The welding method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The angle α1 between the first inclined portion and the vertical direction is 25-45°.

3. The welding method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The angle α2 between the second inclined part and the vertical direction is 5-15°.

4. The welding method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness b4 of the central straight section is 0.5-1.5 mm.

5. The welding method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the total thickness b1 of the nickel-based alloy composite plate is greater than 16mm, it satisfies (b1-1-2b5)×tanα1+2×b5×tanα2+w1≥15mm, where α1 represents the angle between the first inclined part and the vertical direction, α2 represents the angle between the second inclined part and the vertical direction, b5 represents the thickness of the second inclined part, and w1 represents the assembly gap.

6. The welding method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly clearance w1 is 1-2mm.

7. The welding method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness b5 of the second inclined portion is less than or equal to the thickness b3 of the nickel-based alloy composite layer.

8. The welding method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the step of performing multi-pass welding on the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer corresponding to the first and second inclined portions using tungsten inert gas welding: The first pass of the substrate layer is welded using hot-wire pulsed tungsten inert gas welding, and nickel-based alloy welding wire is used for the filler metal. The first pass of the nickel-based alloy composite layer was welded using single tungsten inert gas welding, and nickel-based alloy welding wire was used as the filler metal. Hot-wire oscillating tungsten inert gas welding is used to alternately fill and cover the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer, and solid nickel-based alloy welding wire is used as the welding material.

9. The welding method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, When performing the first pass of the substrate layer using hot-wire pulsed tungsten inert gas welding: control the welding voltage to be 11-13V, the welding base current to be 100-120A, the welding peak current to be 160-180A, the welding speed to be 70-90mm / min, the wire feed speed to be 0.8-1.2m / min, the hot wire current to be 60-80A, the pulse frequency to be 5-8HZ, and the duty cycle to be 50%-80%.

10. The welding method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, When welding the first pass of a nickel-based alloy composite layer using single tungsten inert gas welding: control the welding voltage to be 12-14V, the welding current to be 180-200A, the welding speed to be 90-110mm / min, and the wire feed speed to be 0.8-1.2m / min.

11. The welding method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, When using hot-wire oscillating tungsten inert gas welding to alternately fill and cover the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer: control the welding voltage to be 11-14V, the welding current to be 140-200A, the welding speed to be 50-80mm / min, the wire feed speed to be 0.6-1.2m / min, the hot wire current to be 60-90A, and the oscillation amplitude to be 0.5-3mm; and control the number of weld passes applied to the substrate layer and the nickel-based alloy composite layer to be equal.

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