New energy heavy truck battery replacing device for energy storage and peak regulation of road area renewable energy

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of power conversion, and discloses a new energy heavy truck power conversion device for energy storage and peak regulation of road area renewable energy, which comprises a power transmission module, an energy storage module, a power conversion module, a heat management module and a device controller, the power transmission module is used for realizing transmission of electric energy among the battery, the battery swap station and the vehicle; the energy storage module is used for storing and releasing electric energy; the battery replacing module is used for replacing the battery pack; the heat management module is used for ensuring that the battery, the motor and the device controller operate in a preset required temperature range; and the device controller is used for controlling the execution unit of each module to work by receiving the signal of each module and feeding back an instruction. According to the method, the new energy heavy truck battery replacing device can meet the requirement, meanwhile, the load of the grid power direct supply infrastructure can be reduced, the dependence on the grid power is reduced through road area renewable energy storage peak regulation, emission can be reduced, and the system efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of battery swapping technology, specifically relating to a battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks that uses renewable energy storage for peak shaving in roadside areas. Background Technology

[0002] As a key sector for energy consumption and carbon emissions, the deep integration of transportation with the energy system has become one of the core directions for promoting sustainable development. Traditional road transportation modes have long relied on fossil fuels, which not only face challenges to the stability of energy supply but also exacerbate environmental pressures. The synergistic integration of transportation and energy provides a key path to solving this dilemma and has also spurred new opportunities for technological innovation and scenario upgrades in the road transportation sector. Road transportation scenarios have expanded from a single function of passage to a composite function of "passage + energy interaction".

[0003] When using battery swapping devices for new energy heavy-duty trucks, it is usually necessary to establish corresponding power facilities for direct grid power supply. This method needs to ensure that it meets the maximum demand, but the maximum demand usually occurs with a low probability, which makes the power infrastructure work in an unsaturated state for a long time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks that utilizes renewable energy storage for peak shaving in roadside areas. This invention enables the battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks to meet demand while also reducing the load on grid-connected power infrastructure. By utilizing renewable energy storage for peak shaving in roadside areas, it reduces dependence on grid power, lowers emissions, and improves system efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks with renewable energy storage and peak shaving in roadside areas, the device comprising: a power transmission module, an energy storage module, a battery swapping module, a thermal management module, and a device controller; The power transmission module is used to enable the transmission of electrical energy between the battery, the battery swapping station, and the vehicle; Energy storage modules are responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy; The battery swapping module is used to replace the battery pack. The thermal management module is used to ensure that the battery, motor, and device controller operate within the preset temperature range. The device controller is used to control the operation of the execution units of each module by receiving signals from each module and feeding back instructions.

[0006] Preferably, the power transmission module includes a photovoltaic power generation unit, a wind power generation unit, a hydropower generation unit, a fuel cell power generation unit, and a grid power transmission unit; In the power transmission module, the photovoltaic power generation unit, wind power generation unit, and hydropower generation unit are connected to the energy storage module and the battery swapping module, respectively, while the fuel cell power generation unit and grid power transmission unit are connected to the battery swapping module. Photovoltaic power generation units, wind power generation units, hydropower generation units, and fuel cell power generation units serve as auxiliary peak-shaving units for grid power transmission units, providing power to the battery swapping module. The photovoltaic power generation units, wind power generation units, and hydropower generation units are selected and deployed according to the renewable energy scenario conditions in the road area, while the fuel cell power generation units are deployed directly according to power demand as controllable power output units.

[0007] Preferably, the energy storage module includes an electrical energy storage unit, a chemical energy storage unit, and a thermal energy storage unit; In the energy storage module, the electrical energy storage unit and the thermal energy storage unit are connected to the battery swapping module, and the chemical energy storage unit is connected to the fuel cell power generation unit. The surplus electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation units, wind power generation units, hydropower generation units, and heat recovery units is stored through energy storage units, chemical energy storage units, and thermal energy storage units for off-peak power regulation. Electrical energy storage units include energy storage batteries, chemical energy storage units include electrolyzers and hydrogen storage devices, and thermal energy storage units include thermoelectric storage devices.

[0008] Preferably, the thermal management module includes a cooling circulation pump and a heat recovery unit; The thermal management module is connected to the power transmission module, energy storage module, and battery swapping module. The heat recovery unit in the thermal management module is connected to the thermal energy storage unit. The cooling circulation pump includes a cooling circulation pump, a cooling medium, and a heat exchanger. Its function is to dissipate heat for the power transmission module, energy storage module, and battery swapping module, keeping each module within its operating temperature range. The heat recovery unit recovers heat from the high-temperature medium in the heat exchanger and transfers it to the heat storage unit for energy storage.

[0009] Preferably, the battery swapping module includes a battery compartment unit and a battery swapping unit; The battery compartment unit functions to store the power battery to be replaced and to provide power to the replaced power battery, while the battery swapping unit provides power battery replacement services for battery swapping vehicles through the battery swapping device.

[0010] Preferably, the process of controlling the operation of the execution units of each module by receiving signals from each module and feeding back instructions includes: In each control cycle T s Internally, real-time signals from each module are collected and state variables are preset; Preset control variables; Construct a predictive model based on state variables and control variables; Based on the prediction model, in the prediction time domainN p Inside, with the objective function J Minimize the optimal control sequence as the optimization objective; The execution controller unit executes only the first control input of the optimal control sequence, and repeats the iteration in the next control cycle, updating the model and re-optimizing based on the new state feedback.

[0011] Preferably, the preset state variables are: ; in, For the SOC of the power battery in the battery compartment unit, This refers to the interaction power between the power transmission module and the power grid. This refers to the real-time power generation of the fuel cell power generation unit. Real-time temperature of the power battery This refers to the real-time temperature of the battery swapping module. The real-time temperature of the fuel cell power generation unit. This represents the real-time output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit. This represents the real-time output power of the wind power generation unit. The amount of hydrogen stored in the chemical energy storage unit. To meet the demand for battery swapping units, k It is a time variable.

[0012] Preferably, the preset control variables are: ; in, The charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery unit, The hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer. This refers to the air intake volume of the fuel cell power generation unit. The charging power of the battery compartment unit, For the heat dissipation power of the thermal management module, Heating power for the thermal management module.

[0013] Preferably, the constructed prediction model includes: Energy storage battery SOC prediction model: ; in, To improve the charging and discharging efficiency of energy storage batteries, This refers to the rated capacity of the energy storage battery. Temperature of the energy storage module; Chemical energy storage hydrogen quantity prediction model: ; in, The efficiency of hydrogen production in an electrolyzer. Hydrogen has a low calorific value; Fuel cell power generation model: ; in, The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell power generation unit; Battery compartment power prediction model: ; in, The current battery level in the battery compartment. Improve the charging efficiency of the battery compartment; Power balance model: ; in, Energy consumption of the battery swapping module; Temperature prediction model: ; in, , and The specific heat capacities of the battery, charging, and fuel cell power generation units are respectively. , and Their respective qualities, ( k ), and Each is responsible for its heat production.

[0014] The preferred, optimal control sequence is: ; in, - These are weighting coefficients, which are dynamically adjusted based on the equipment specifications. k , i For time variables, P en This is the penalty coefficient for exceeding the energy storage SOC limit.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The roadside renewable energy storage and peak-shaving battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks designed using this invention utilizes roadside energy for energy storage and peak shaving in the application scenario. This can significantly reduce the scale of power infrastructure, maximize power system energy efficiency, and reduce carbon emissions. Simultaneously, this invention designs a working method for the roadside renewable energy storage and peak-shaving battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks and proposes an optimized power supply control method based on the device, which can reduce the energy consumption of the battery swapping device.

[0016] This invention enables the battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks to meet demand while reducing the load on grid-connected power infrastructure. By using renewable energy storage in the roadside to reduce peak shaving, it can reduce dependence on grid power, reduce emissions, and improve system efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks using renewable energy storage and peak shaving in road areas, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Among them, 100-Power transmission module, 101-Photovoltaic power generation unit, 102-Wind power generation unit, 103-Hydropower power generation unit, 104-Fuel cell power generation unit, 105-Grid power transmission unit, 200-Energy storage module, 201-Electric energy storage unit, 202-Chemical energy storage unit, 203-Thermal energy storage unit, 300-Battery swapping module, 301-Battery compartment unit, 302-Battery swapping unit, 400-Thermal management module, 401-Cooling circulation pump, 402-Cooling medium, 403-Heat exchanger, 404-Heat recovery unit, 500-Device controller, 501-Controller unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1 The purpose of this invention is to provide a universal configuration method and control strategy for battery swapping devices on new energy heavy-duty trucks, applicable to different application scenarios. This optimizes the power supply and energy efficiency of the power supply system for these devices in various scenarios. Furthermore, it achieves device integration and versatility for specific applications.

[0022] For specific application scenarios, determine the power supply type that can be selected for the battery swapping device of new energy heavy trucks, optimize the calculation and setting of the rated power of different power types, and apply appropriate control strategies so that the grid power infrastructure does not have to meet the maximum demand and can maintain efficient power supply.

[0023] This invention provides a battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks with renewable energy storage and peak shaving in road areas. The device includes: a power transmission module 100, an energy storage module 200, a battery swapping module 300, a thermal management module 400, and a device controller 500. The power transmission module 100 is used to realize the transmission of electrical energy between the battery, the battery swapping station and the vehicle; Energy storage module 200 is responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy; The battery swapping module 300 is used to replace the battery pack. Thermal management module 400 is used to ensure that the battery, motor, and device controller 500 operate within the preset temperature range. The device controller 500 is used to control the operation of the execution units of each module by receiving signals from each module and feeding back instructions.

[0024] In this embodiment, the power transmission module 100 includes a photovoltaic power generation unit 101, a wind power generation unit 102, a hydropower generation unit 103, a fuel cell power generation unit 104, and a grid power transmission unit 105. In the power transmission module 100, the photovoltaic power generation unit 101, the wind power generation unit 102, and the hydropower generation unit 103 are connected to the energy storage module 200 and the battery swapping module 300, respectively, and the fuel cell power generation unit 104 and the grid power transmission unit 105 are connected to the battery swapping module 300. Photovoltaic power generation unit 101, wind power generation unit 102, hydropower generation unit 103, and fuel cell power generation unit 104 serve as auxiliary peak shaving units for grid power transmission unit 105, providing power to battery swapping module 300. Photovoltaic power generation unit 101, wind power generation unit 102, and hydropower generation unit 103 are selected and arranged according to the renewable energy scenario conditions in the road area, while fuel cell power generation unit 104 is directly arranged as a controllable power output according to power demand.

[0025] In this embodiment, the energy storage module 200 includes an electrical energy storage unit 201, a chemical energy storage unit 202, and a thermal energy storage unit 203; In the energy storage module 200, the electric energy storage unit 201 and the thermal energy storage unit 203 are connected to the battery swapping module 300, and the chemical energy storage unit 202 is connected to the fuel cell power generation unit 104. The surplus electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation unit 101, wind power generation unit 102, hydropower generation unit 103, and heat recovery unit 404 is stored through the energy storage forms of the electric energy storage unit 201, chemical energy storage unit 202, and thermal energy storage unit 203 for off-peak power regulation. The electrical energy storage unit 201 includes an energy storage battery, the chemical energy storage unit 202 includes an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage device, and the thermal energy storage unit 203 includes a thermoelectric storage device.

[0026] In this embodiment, the thermal management module 400 includes a cooling circulation pump 401 and a heat recovery unit 404; The thermal management module 400 is connected to the power transmission module 100, the energy storage module 200, and the battery swapping module 300. The heat recovery unit 404 in the thermal management module 400 is connected to the thermal energy storage unit 203. The cooling circulation pump 401 includes a cooling circulation pump, a cooling medium 402, and a heat exchanger 403. Its function is to dissipate heat for the power transmission module 100, the energy storage module 200, and the battery swapping module 300, so that each module is within its operating temperature range. The heat recovery unit 404 recovers heat from the high-temperature medium in the heat exchanger 403 and transfers it to the heat storage unit 203 for energy storage.

[0027] In this embodiment, the battery swapping module 300 includes a battery compartment unit 301 and a battery swapping unit 302; The battery compartment unit 301 functions to store the power battery to be replaced and to provide power to the replaced power battery, while the battery swapping unit 302 provides power battery replacement services for battery swapping vehicles through the battery swapping device.

[0028] In this embodiment, the process of controlling the operation of the execution units of each module by receiving signals from each module and feeding back instructions includes: The controller unit 501 controls the battery swapping device by interacting with the actuators or sensors in each module, and uses model predictive control to achieve multi-module coordinated regulation, specifically including the following steps: S1: Signal Acquisition and State Variable Definition Controller unit 501 in each control cycle T s Internally, real-time signals from each module are collected and state variables are defined. The state variables are: ; in, The SOC of the 301 power battery in the battery compartment unit. This refers to the interaction power between the power transmission module 100 and the power grid. This refers to the real-time power generation of the fuel cell power generation unit 104. Real-time temperature of the power battery This is the real-time temperature of the battery swapping module 300. The real-time temperature of the fuel cell power generation unit 104. This represents the real-time output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit 101. This refers to the real-time output power of the wind power generation unit 102. The hydrogen storage capacity of chemical energy storage unit 202, The required quantity for battery swapping unit 302.

[0029] S2: Definition of Control Variables and Construction of Predictive Model Define control variables, control variables As shown in the following formula: ; in, The charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery unit, The hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer. For the air intake of fuel cell power generation unit 104, The charging power for battery compartment unit 301, The thermal management module has a heat dissipation capacity of 400 kW. The thermal management module has a heating power of 400.

[0030] Building a predictive model includes: a) Energy storage battery SOC prediction model ; in, The charge and discharge efficiency of energy storage batteries (during charging) <1, during discharge >1), This refers to the rated capacity of the energy storage battery.

[0031] b) Chemical energy storage hydrogen quantity prediction model ; in, The efficiency of hydrogen production in an electrolyzer. It has a low calorific value, which is due to hydrogen.

[0032] c) Fuel cell power generation model ; in, The power generation efficiency of fuel cell power generation unit 104.

[0033] d) Battery compartment power prediction model ; in, The current battery level in the battery compartment. Improve the charging efficiency of the battery compartment.

[0034] e) Power balance model ; in, The battery swapping module consumes 300 kWh.

[0035] f) Temperature prediction model ; in, , and The specific heat capacities of the battery, charging, and fuel cell power generation units are respectively. , and Their respective qualities, ( k ), and Each is responsible for its heat production.

[0036] S3: Multi-objective optimization solution In the prediction time domain N p Inside, with the objective function J Minimize the optimal control sequence as the optimization objective. ; in, - These are weighting coefficients, which are dynamically adjusted based on the equipment specifications. k , i For time variables, P en This is the penalty coefficient for exceeding the energy storage SOC limit.

[0037] The main principle for adjusting the weighting coefficient is to increase the weighting coefficient when the power grid is at its peak (such as during peak industrial electricity consumption periods). At this point, the optimization objective tends to reduce the grid output power, prioritizing the use of fuel cells or energy storage modules 200 to power the batteries in the battery swapping module 300, thus increasing... , This reduces operating costs caused by high electricity prices during peak hours; while reducing the weight of the grid during off-peak hours. Prioritize grid power usage to achieve peak shaving and valley filling. When the average SOC of the power batteries in battery compartment unit 301 exceeds 90% threshold, reduce... And increase the weighting coefficient , , To reduce output power loss. In addition, to ensure system safety, the power consumption should be increased when the state of charge (SOC) approaches the safety boundary. , This is the penalty coefficient for exceeding the energy storage SOC limit. When the energy storage SOC is below 10%, the positive penalty value will suddenly increase, causing the objective function to... J The value is increased rapidly, and then the variables are adjusted until the parameters return to a safe range. The penalty coefficient is dynamically set according to the equipment's tolerance.

[0038] The following constraints also need to be satisfied during the optimization process: 1. Power Constraint The output power of each unit in the energy storage module 200 must meet its upper and lower limits, i.e. P i,min < P i < P i,max ; fuel cell output power P fc,min < P ifc < P fc,max Typically, the lower limit of fuel cell power is 5%-10% of the rated power, and the lower limit can be reduced by using multiple stacks in parallel. The battery state of the battery compartment module must meet the upper limit, i.e., SOC. min <SOC i <SOC max ; 2. Temperature constraint The temperature of the energy storage module 200 needs to be maintained within the upper and lower limits according to the physical characteristics of different energy storage units; the temperature of the battery swapping module 300 needs to meet the upper and lower limits of operation; the temperature of the fuel cell power generation module needs to meet the temperature of the electrochemical reaction at different power outputs and maintain the temperature according to the type of fuel cell selected; the temperature of the battery compartment module needs to meet the upper and lower limits.

[0039] If the predicted temperature exceeds the constraint, the control algorithm will prioritize adjusting the heat dissipation / heating power of the thermal management module 400. If this still fails, it will reduce heat generation by reducing the output power of the corresponding module (such as reducing the power of the battery compartment module or fuel cell module) to ensure temperature stability.

[0040] 3. Constraints on new energy power generation The output power of photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and hydropower generation is intermittent. In the control algorithm, it is included as a disturbance variable in the constraint. It is assumed that the power is uncontrollable, and its fluctuation is only adapted by adjusting other control variables.

[0041] S4: Scrolling Optimization The controller unit 501 executes only the first control input of the optimal control sequence. In the next control cycle, steps S1-S3 are repeated, the model is updated and re-optimized based on the new state feedback.

[0042] The explanation of rolling optimization is that rolling optimization allows the control variables to be solved further as the system's operating state changes, rather than being solved once and then executed in a fixed manner. That is, the control variables are predicted, calculated, and solved in real time during system operation, based on a closed loop of "prediction-optimization-execution-feedback".

[0043] Specifically, within each control cycle, the controller first collects the actual state variables of the current cycle and compares them with the predicted state of the previous cycle to calculate the state deviation Δe (e.g., demand power deviation = actual output power - predicted power, SOC deviation = actual SOC - predicted SOC, temperature deviation = actual temperature - predicted temperature). Then, the deviation is substituted into the prediction model to correct the model parameters online (e.g., if the SOC deviation is consistently positive, it indicates that the actual charging and discharging efficiency is higher than the predicted value, and the efficiency parameters in the model can be appropriately increased) to ensure that the prediction model is consistent with the actual operating state of the system. Finally, based on the corrected model, steps S1-S3 are re-executed to solve for a new optimal control sequence, realizing dynamic optimization based on real-time feedback, thereby achieving overall system control.

[0044] For uncertain disturbances, rolling optimization can quickly offset the impact of disturbances through "short-time-domain prediction + frequent update optimization". Specifically, after the disturbance is collected in the current cycle, rolling optimization immediately re-predicts the power balance state of subsequent cycles, adjusts the control variables, and executes the new optimal control quantity in the next control cycle, avoiding deviation of the system state from the expectation and significantly improving control robustness.

[0045] Incorporate exception handling logic into the rolling optimization process to address abnormal system conditions (such as sensor failure, actuator failure, module overload, etc.): ① Sensor Failure Handling: If a sensor for a certain state variable fails (e.g., the energy storage temperature sensor fails and cannot collect data), the current value of the state variable is estimated using a data fusion algorithm (e.g., Kalman filtering) based on the predicted temperature of the previous cycle and the temperatures of adjacent modules (e.g., charging module temperature, fuel cell module temperature), and then substituted into the rolling optimization process, while triggering a fault alarm. If multiple sensors fail simultaneously, the system switches to a preset "safety control mode" (e.g., fixing the energy storage charging and discharging power to 0 and reducing the battery compartment module charging power to 0) to ensure safe system operation.

[0046] ② Actuator failure handling: If an actuator (such as the cooling fan of the thermal management module fails) cannot execute control commands (such as being unable to increase the cooling power), then in the constraints of the rolling optimization, the control variable corresponding to the actuator is fixed to the current value (such as the cooling power is fixed to the value before the failure), and the optimal control sequence is solved again (such as reducing the heat generation by reducing the charging power of the battery compartment module to replace the cooling function). At the same time, the weight coefficients are adjusted (such as increasing the temperature over-limit penalty coefficient) to prioritize temperature safety.

[0047] The new energy heavy truck battery swapping device for roadside renewable energy storage and peak shaving of the present invention has a modular design of power transmission module 100, energy storage module 200, battery swapping module 300, thermal management module 400 and device controller 500. It can be easily installed according to the battery swapping needs of new energy heavy trucks in the application scenario, and is plug-and-play. At the same time, there is no need to design corresponding system components that have not yet been developed for this system.

[0048] Preferably, the operating status of each power supply unit in the power transmission module 100 of the new energy heavy truck battery swapping device for renewable energy storage and peak shaving in the road area is determined according to the requirements of the battery swapping module 300.

[0049] As a priority, the cooling medium 402 is selected and adapted according to the application scenario.

[0050] Preferably, each module is equipped with a sensor to ensure that relevant signals are fed back to the device controller 500.

[0051] The present invention also provides a method for operating the battery swapping device for new energy heavy trucks with renewable energy storage and peak shaving in the road area.

[0052] The device operates by controlling the actuators of the power transmission module 100, energy storage module 200, battery swapping module 300, and thermal management module 400 through a controller to meet the battery swapping needs of new energy heavy-duty trucks and the charging needs of replacing power batteries. The specific process is as follows: Under the controller's command, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation unit 101, wind power generation unit 102, and hydropower generation unit 103 in the power transmission module 100 is converted from DC to DC and then transmitted to the energy storage module 200 or the battery swapping module 300, respectively. The electricity transmitted to the energy storage module 200 is stored in the energy storage battery unit for short-term energy storage, and for long-term energy storage, hydrogen is produced and stored through an electrolyzer. This hydrogen can supply the fuel cell power generation unit 104, and the fuel cell power generation unit 104 can assist the grid power transmission unit 105 in directly supplying power to the battery swapping module 300 under the controller's command. This enables timely peak shaving. Simultaneously, the energy storage battery unit in the energy storage module 200 can supply power to the battery swapping module 300 as auxiliary power, the chemical energy storage unit 202 can be used as fuel to supply power to the fuel cell power generation unit 104, and the thermal energy storage unit 203 can also supply power to the battery swapping module 300 after thermoelectric conversion. Furthermore, the cooling medium 402 of the thermal management module 400, under the power of the cooling circulation pump, performs thermal management on the power transmission module 100, energy storage module 200, and battery swapping module, ensuring that each module is within its normal operating temperature range. The heat exchanger 403 reduces the heat of the cooling medium 402 and transfers it to the heat recovery unit 404, achieving circulation of the cooling medium 402. Finally, the replacement power battery in the battery compartment unit 301 of the battery swapping module 300 is charged under controller commands and completes the battery swapping operation for the battery swapping vehicle according to the application scenario requirements.

[0053] This invention enables the battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks to meet demand while reducing the load on grid-connected power infrastructure. By using renewable energy storage in the roadside to reduce peak shaving, it can reduce dependence on grid power, reduce emissions, and improve system efficiency.

[0054] Example 2 according to Figure 1 When the battery swapping device for new energy heavy trucks with renewable energy storage and peak shaving in the road area is working, each module has both independent working parts and coupled working parts through energy flow transmission.

[0055] In the power transmission module 100, the photovoltaic power generation unit 101 converts solar energy into electrical energy through photovoltaic panels, which is then transmitted via DC / DC converter to replenish the replacement battery in the battery swapping module 300, or stored in the electrical energy storage unit 201 or chemical energy storage unit 202 of the energy storage module 200; the wind power generation unit 102 converts wind energy into electrical energy through a wind turbine, which is then transmitted via DC / DC converter to replenish the replacement battery in the battery swapping module 300, or stored in the electrical energy storage unit 201 or chemical energy storage unit 202 of the energy storage module 200; the hydropower generation unit 103 converts water... Potential energy is converted into electrical energy by a hydroelectric generator set, and then used to replenish the replacement battery in the battery swapping module 300 via DC / DC converter, or stored in the electrical energy storage unit 201 or chemical energy storage unit 202 of the energy storage module 200; the fuel cell power generation unit 104 converts the hydrogen energy in the chemical energy storage unit 202 into electrical energy through the fuel cell, and then uses DC / DC converter to replenish the replacement battery in the battery swapping module 300; the grid power transmission unit 105 converts the grid power through a substation, and then uses AC / DC converter to supply electrical energy to the replacement battery in the battery swapping module 300.

[0056] In the energy storage module 200, the main energy storage medium in the electrical energy storage unit 201 is an energy storage battery, which is used to store the electrical energy of the photovoltaic power generation unit 101, wind power generation unit 102, and hydropower generation unit 103 in the short term and to replenish the power of the charging pile unit 301 as needed; the energy storage medium in the chemical energy storage unit 202 is hydrogen, which is used to store the electrical energy of the photovoltaic power generation unit 101, wind power generation unit 102, and hydropower generation unit 103 in the long term and to replenish the power of the battery compartment unit 301 as needed.

[0057] In the battery swapping module 300, the battery compartment unit 301 receives electrical energy from the power transmission module 100, and the fully charged battery replaces the battery of the battery swapping vehicle through the battery swapping unit of the battery swapping unit 302.

[0058] In the thermal management module 400, the cooling circulation pump 401 provides circulation power for the cooling medium 402, enabling the power transmission module 100, energy storage module 200, and battery swapping module 300 to operate within a reasonable temperature range. The heat exchanger 403 recovers waste heat and transfers it to the heat recovery unit 404, where it is stored in the thermal energy storage unit 203.

[0059] In the device controller 500, the controller unit 501 realizes the control operation of the device by interacting with the actuators or sensors of each unit in the power transmission module 100, energy storage module 200, battery swapping module 300 and thermal management module 400, so as to ensure the normal operation of the device.

[0060] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the examples should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0061] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0062] This invention is not limited to the above description of the embodiments. Based on the content disclosed in this invention, any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art without creative effort, such as the selection and setting of sensor components, the selection of electrical and chemical energy storage units, the selection of signal collectors, and the adjustment of power units when the structure of the battery swapping device for new energy heavy trucks changes according to specific requirements, should be within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A battery swapping device for new energy heavy-duty trucks with renewable energy storage and peak shaving capabilities in roadside areas, characterized in that, The device includes: a power transmission module, an energy storage module, a battery swapping module, a thermal management module, and a device controller; The power transmission module is used to enable the transmission of electrical energy between the battery, the battery swapping station, and the vehicle; Energy storage modules are responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy; The battery swapping module is used to replace the battery pack. The thermal management module is used to ensure that the battery, motor, and device controller operate within the preset temperature range. The device controller is used to control the operation of the execution units of each module by receiving signals from each module and feeding back instructions.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power transmission module includes a photovoltaic power generation unit, a wind power generation unit, a hydropower generation unit, a fuel cell power generation unit, and a grid power transmission unit; In the power transmission module, the photovoltaic power generation unit, wind power generation unit, and hydropower generation unit are connected to the energy storage module and the battery swapping module, respectively, while the fuel cell power generation unit and grid power transmission unit are connected to the battery swapping module. Photovoltaic power generation units, wind power generation units, hydropower generation units, and fuel cell power generation units serve as auxiliary peak-shaving units for grid power transmission units, providing power to the battery swapping module. The photovoltaic power generation units, wind power generation units, and hydropower generation units are selected and deployed according to the renewable energy scenario conditions in the road area, while the fuel cell power generation units are deployed directly according to power demand as controllable power output units.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, Energy storage modules include electrical energy storage units, chemical energy storage units, and thermal energy storage units; In the energy storage module, the electrical energy storage unit and the thermal energy storage unit are connected to the battery swapping module, and the chemical energy storage unit is connected to the fuel cell power generation unit. The surplus electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation units, wind power generation units, hydropower generation units, and heat recovery units is stored through energy storage units, chemical energy storage units, and thermal energy storage units for off-peak power regulation. Electrical energy storage units include energy storage batteries, chemical energy storage units include electrolyzers and hydrogen storage devices, and thermal energy storage units include thermoelectric storage devices.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thermal management module includes a cooling circulation pump and a heat recovery unit; The thermal management module is connected to the power transmission module, energy storage module, and battery swapping module. The heat recovery unit in the thermal management module is connected to the thermal energy storage unit. The cooling circulation pump includes a cooling circulation pump, a cooling medium, and a heat exchanger. Its function is to dissipate heat for the power transmission module, energy storage module, and battery swapping module, keeping each module within its operating temperature range. The heat recovery unit recovers heat from the high-temperature medium in the heat exchanger and transfers it to the heat storage unit for energy storage.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery swapping module includes a battery compartment unit and a battery swapping unit; The battery compartment unit functions to store the power battery to be replaced and to provide power to the replaced power battery, while the battery swapping unit provides power battery replacement services for battery swapping vehicles through the battery swapping device.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of controlling the execution units of each module by receiving signals from each module and feeding back instructions includes: In each control cycle T s Internally, real-time signals from each module are collected and state variables are preset; Preset control variables; Construct a predictive model based on state variables and control variables; Based on the prediction model, in the prediction time domain N p Inside, with the objective function J Minimize the optimal control sequence as the optimization objective; The execution controller unit executes only the first control input of the optimal control sequence, and repeats the iteration in the next control cycle, updating the model and re-optimizing based on the new state feedback.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preset state variables are: ； in, For the SOC of the power battery in the battery compartment unit, This refers to the interaction power between the power transmission module and the power grid. This refers to the real-time power generation of the fuel cell power generation unit. Real-time temperature of the power battery This refers to the real-time temperature of the battery swapping module. The real-time temperature of the fuel cell power generation unit. This represents the real-time output power of the photovoltaic power generation unit. This represents the real-time output power of the wind power generation unit. The amount of hydrogen stored in the chemical energy storage unit. The demand for battery swapping units, k It is a time variable.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preset control variables are: ； in, The charging and discharging power of the energy storage battery unit, The hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer. This refers to the air intake volume of the fuel cell power generation unit. The charging power of the battery compartment unit, For the heat dissipation power of the thermal management module, Heating power for the thermal management module.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The constructed prediction models include: Energy storage battery SOC prediction model: ； in, To improve the charging and discharging efficiency of energy storage batteries, This refers to the rated capacity of the energy storage battery. Temperature of the energy storage module; Chemical energy storage hydrogen quantity prediction model: ； in, The efficiency of hydrogen production in an electrolyzer. Hydrogen has a low calorific value; Fuel cell power generation model: ； in, The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell power generation unit; Battery compartment power prediction model: ； in, The current battery level in the battery compartment. Improve the charging efficiency of the battery compartment; Power balance model: ； in, Energy consumption of the battery swapping module; Temperature prediction model: ； in, , and The specific heat capacities of the battery, charging, and fuel cell power generation units are respectively. , and Their respective qualities, ( k ), and Each is responsible for its heat production.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The optimal control sequence is: ； in, - These are weighting coefficients, which are dynamically adjusted based on the equipment specifications. k , i For time variables, P en This is the penalty coefficient for exceeding the energy storage SOC limit.

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