Building engineering house surveying and mapping device and method based on laser sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses a building engineering house surveying and mapping device and method based on a laser sensor, and belongs to the technical field of house surveying and mapping. Comprising a base, a tripod is installed on the outer side of the base, a rotating column is connected to the top of the inner wall of the base in a penetrating mode, a protective shell is installed on the top of the rotating column, and a total station body is arranged in the protective shell; the device further comprises a fixing cylinder which is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base through bolts. According to the building engineering house surveying and mapping device and method based on the laser sensor, self-lubrication and automatic oil supplementation of the rotating part are achieved through linkage of the rotating total station body, reliable lubrication is guaranteed through cooperation with the one-way valve, and meanwhile the rotating angle is locked through the attaching block to guarantee stable posture; and the cleaning brush is driven in a linkage mode to complete multi-dimensional composite cleaning of the mirror surface, rotating friction is effectively reduced, angle deflection and mirror surface shielding are avoided, and therefore the operation convenience, operation stability and surveying and mapping data accuracy of the device are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building surveying technology, specifically to a building surveying device and method based on a laser sensor. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of building engineering, building surveying is a core foundational task that runs through the entire lifecycle of a project, from planning and design to construction, completion acceptance, and post-construction operation and maintenance. Its core purpose is to accurately obtain key data such as the building's spatial geometric parameters (e.g., length, width, height, verticality, and flatness), structural layout dimensions, and spatial relationships, providing reliable data support for engineering design optimization, construction quality control, quantity calculation, and property registration. As the construction industry develops towards higher precision, efficiency, and intelligence, increasingly stringent requirements are being placed on the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of building surveying. Traditional surveying techniques can no longer fully meet the actual needs of modern building engineering. To address the pain points of traditional surveying technologies, the industry is gradually exploring the application of technologies such as optical measurement and electronic sensing in the field of building surveying. Laser measurement technology, with its advantages of high precision, non-contact operation, and fast response speed, has become a core direction for upgrading building engineering surveying technology. The working principle of laser sensors is based on the high collimation and monochromaticity of lasers. By emitting a laser beam to illuminate the target object, and utilizing the laser reflection, transmission, or scattering signals, combined with techniques such as time-of-flight (TOF), triangulation, and phase ranging, the distance between the sensor and the target object is accurately calculated. Then, through multi-dimensional scanning or positioning system stitching, complete geometric data of the building space is obtained. However, existing building engineering surveying devices have the following shortcomings in practical use:

[0003] Construction sites are generally filled with pollutants such as dust and cement debris. The rotating part of the optical camera in the surveying equipment is exposed to such harsh environments for a long time. Without a self-lubricating structure, the frictional resistance between the parts will continuously increase with the frequency of use. This not only makes it difficult for workers to rotate and adjust the camera angle, causing frequent jamming and significantly reducing on-site work efficiency, but also makes the optical camera highly susceptible to external disturbances such as vibrations from construction machinery and accidental touches by personnel after rotating to the preset angle. This can cause the angle to deviate or the position to shift, resulting in the laser scanning orientation and imaging angle deviating from the preset parameters, directly affecting the accuracy of the surveying data. Furthermore, pollutants such as dust, haze, and concrete slurry droplets at the construction site will quickly adhere to the camera lens, forming obstruction or scattering layers, which will seriously reduce the clarity of optical imaging. This will lead to defects such as missing textures and blurred contours in the subsequent 3D modeling process, making it impossible to accurately reproduce the real spatial structure of the building, and ultimately greatly reducing the reliability and engineering application value of the surveying results.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, innovative designs are urgently needed based on existing approaches. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a building surveying device and method based on a laser sensor to solve the problems mentioned in the background. The technical solution of this invention addresses the problem that the existing technical solutions are too simplistic and provides a solution that is significantly different from the existing technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a building surveying device and method based on a laser sensor, comprising a base, a tripod mounted on the outer side of the base, and a rotating column penetrating the top of the inner wall of the base, a protective shell mounted on the top of the rotating column, and a total station body disposed inside the protective shell.

[0007] It also includes a fixing cylinder, which is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base by bolts; the rotating column is provided with a self-lubricating component; and the protective shell is provided with a self-cleaning component.

[0008] The self-cleaning component includes a bevel gear ring, which is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed cylinder. The tooth surfaces of the bevel gear ring are all meshed with bevel gears. A movable plate is connected inside the protective shell, and the movable plate is connected to the two bevel gears through a movable plate. A cleaning brush is slidably connected to the inner side of the movable plate through a second slider.

[0009] Preferably, the tripod is hinged to the outer side of the base, the protective shell is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the base via a rotating column, the total station body is movably installed inside the protective shell, and the fixing sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the rotating column.

[0010] Preferably, a guide plate is fixedly connected to the left side of the second slider, and a first spring is installed between the right side of the second slider and the inner wall of the moving plate. A first magnet is fixed to the left side of the guide plate, and a second magnet is fixed at equal intervals on the upper left side inside the protective shell.

[0011] Preferably, both sides of the movable plate are slidably disposed inside the protective shell via a first slider, and both ends of the movable plate are hinged to the bottom of the movable plate and the side of the bevel gear, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, both bevel gears are rotatably connected inside the protective shell via a shaft, and the outer sides of both bevel gears penetrate the lower surface of the protective shell, and the two bevel gears are symmetrically distributed about the center point of the bevel gear ring.

[0013] Preferably, the left side of the guide plate extends through the outer surface of the movable plate, and the guide plate is slidably connected inside the movable plate. The positions of the first magnet and the second magnet correspond to each other, and the magnetic poles of the opposite surfaces of the first magnet and the second magnet are the same.

[0014] Preferably, the self-lubricating component includes ball bearings, a plurality of which are embedded and rolled on the outer side of the lower end of the rotating column. An oil reservoir ring is installed on the top of the fixed cylinder, and a fitting block is fixed at equal angles inside the fixed cylinder. A receiving groove is provided inside the rotating column, and a rubber oil bladder is provided on the inner wall of the receiving groove. Connecting rods are connected at equal angles to the center point of the receiving groove inside the rotating column, and extrusion plates are welded to the opposite ends of the four connecting rods. A second spring is wound and fixed on the outer side of each of the four connecting rods, and the end of the second spring away from the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating column. A lubrication cavity is provided inside the rotating column at the position of the ball bearings.

[0015] Preferably, the opposite ends of the four connecting rods extend out of the outer surface of the rotating column, and the ends of the connecting rods and the bonding blocks are both semi-circular in shape, and the four extrusion plates are distributed inside the receiving groove.

[0016] Preferably, the rubber oil bladder and the oil storage ring are connected by an oil inlet pipe, and the lubrication cavity and the rubber oil bladder are connected by an oil outlet pipe, and both the oil inlet pipe and the oil outlet pipe are equipped with a one-way valve.

[0017] A surveying method includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Fix the total station body to the reference point of the area to be measured on the building using a tripod. Adjust the tripod extension rod and use the circular level and foot screws on the base of the device to complete the rough leveling. Then use the dual-axis tilt compensator to perform precise leveling to ensure the horizontal attitude of the device.

[0019] S2. Manually rotate the total station body to the initial angle to trigger the self-lubricating structure of the rotating part: During the rotation, the rotating column drives the balls to roll along the groove, the connecting rod and the mating block abut and squeeze, driving the extrusion plate to compress the rubber oil bladder, and the lubricating oil is injected into the lubrication cavity through the oil outlet pipe to complete the self-lubrication of the balls; after the total station body rotates to the preset initial angle, the mating block forms a limit lock on the connecting rod to prevent angle deviation;

[0020] S3. When rotating the connecting rod, the linkage bevel gear rotates along the bevel gear ring, driving the moving plate to move up and down reciprocally, and the cleaning brush simultaneously sweeps the mirror surface longitudinally; at the same time, the first magnet on the guide plate and the second magnet on the protective shell generate like pole repulsion, driving the cleaning brush to move laterally, and removing dust, slurry and other impurities from the mirror through the "longitudinal and lateral" compound cleaning action. After cleaning, the cleaning brush returns to its original position under the action of the first spring.

[0021] S4. Set the parameters of the total station and calibrate the system. Then, scan and collect data using a laser sensor. Preprocess and optimize the collected data for noise reduction. Finally, perform 3D modeling and data output.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. This invention triggers a self-lubricating mechanism by rotating the total station body. The compression linkage between the connecting rod and the mating block drives the extrusion plate to compress the rubber oil bladder, allowing lubricating oil to be precisely injected into the lubrication cavity through the oil inlet pipe and wet the ball bearings. This effectively reduces the rotational friction resistance of the rotating column, ensuring a smooth and stable rotation process. It not only makes it easier for operators to adjust and operate, but also reduces wear on rotating parts, extends the service life of the device, and improves the overall operational stability.

[0024] 2. In this invention, after the total station body rotates to a preset angle, the connecting rod elastically resets and releases the pressure on the rubber oil bladder. The oil bladder can automatically draw in the lubricating oil in the oil storage ring to replenish the reserves. With the cooperation of the one-way valves of the inlet and outlet oil pipes, it can effectively prevent oil backflow and turbulence, ensuring the stable and reliable operation of the lubrication system. In addition, the mating block can form a stable limit lock on the reset connecting rod, accurately locking the rotation angle of the total station body, preventing it from deflecting due to external force disturbance or equipment vibration, and ensuring that the camera posture is always accurate and stable during surveying operations.

[0025] 3. This invention utilizes the rotation of the total station body to drive the meshing motion of the bevel gear and bevel gear ring, which in turn drives the movable plate and the moving plate to reciprocate up and down. This allows the cleaning brush to simultaneously sweep the mirror surface longitudinally, effectively removing dust, debris, and other impurities from the mirror surface. This avoids the problem of blurry images caused by impurities obscuring the mirror surface, thus ensuring surveying accuracy from the source.

[0026] 4. This invention utilizes the repulsive force between the first magnet on the guide plate and the second magnet on the protective shell, combined with the reset of the first spring, to enable the cleaning brush to perform both longitudinal sweeping and transverse reciprocating wiping, achieving multi-dimensional composite cleaning action. This significantly improves the coverage and cleanliness of the mirror surface cleaning, removes stubborn impurities, further ensures the imaging quality of the total station, and guarantees the accuracy and reliability of the surveying data. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the rotating column and the base of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the tripod of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the side cross-section of the protective shell of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-section of the rotating column of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the ball bearing and the rotating column of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the cleaning brush and the second slider of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connecting rod and the extrusion plate of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Tripod; 3. Total station body; 4. Protective shell; 5. Fixing cylinder; 6. Rotating column; 701. Bevel gear ring; 702. Bevel gear; 703. Movable plate; 704. Moving plate; 705. First slider; 706. Second slider; 707. Cleaning brush; 708. First spring; 709. Guide plate; 710. First magnet; 711. Second magnet; 801. Ball bearing; 802. Oil reservoir ring; 803. Connecting rod; 804. Extrusion plate; 805. Oil inlet pipe; 806. Second spring; 807. Oil outlet pipe; 808. Lubrication cavity; 809. Adhesive block; 810. Rubber oil bladder. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Please see Figures 1-8 The present invention provides a technical solution: a building surveying device based on a laser sensor, comprising a base 1, a tripod 2 mounted on the outer side of the base 1, and a rotating column 6 penetratingly connected to the top of the inner wall of the base 1, a protective shell 4 mounted on the top of the rotating column 6, and a total station body 3 disposed inside the protective shell 4; it also includes a fixing cylinder 5, which is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the base 1 by bolts, the tripod 2 is hinged to the outer side of the base 1, the protective shell 4 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the base 1 through the rotating column 6, the total station body 3 is movably mounted inside the protective shell 4, and the fixing cylinder 5 is sleeved on the outer side of the rotating column 6.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, the operator first fixes the surveying device to the reference point of the area to be measured on the building using tripod 2, adjusts the telescopic support of tripod 2, and completes rough leveling with the circular level and leveling screws on the device base 1. Then, precise leveling is achieved with the help of a dual-axis tilt compensator to ensure that the device is in a horizontal position. Before operation, the operator manually rotates the total station body 3, and simultaneously completes the mirror cleaning and lubrication of the rotating column 6. Then, the operator inputs parameters such as the range of the area to be measured, measurement accuracy, and scanning resolution through the touch screen, activates the laser sensor calibration function, and uses the built-in target to correct the influence of laser parameters and temperature and pressure environment on the measurement. The measurement is then performed via GPS / BeiDou (outdoor scene) or UWB (indoor scene). The positioning module and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) collect coordinate and attitude data to establish a unified measurement coordinate system. After calibration, scanning is initiated, and the drive mechanism rotates the laser unit to scan the target building. The device receives and processes the reflected laser signal, calculates the real-time distance using the phase method or time-of-flight method, and simultaneously collects angle data and attitude information, converting them into three-dimensional coordinates. Multi-station scanning is then performed, and the coordinates of each station are recorded simultaneously for subsequent stitching. After data acquisition, the system filters the raw point cloud data to remove noise and outliers. The point cloud registration algorithm stitches together data from multiple regions to form an overall spatial point cloud model. Finally, the data volume is reduced to improve the efficiency of subsequent modeling while ensuring surveying accuracy.

[0039] The rotating column 6 is internally equipped with a self-lubricating component, which includes a bevel ring 701. The bevel ring 701 is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixed cylinder 5, and the tooth surfaces of the bevel ring 701 are meshed with bevel gears 702. Both bevel gears 702 are rotatably connected to the inside of the protective shell 4 via shafts, and the outer sides of both bevel gears 702 penetrate the lower surface of the protective shell 4. The two bevel gears 702 are symmetrically distributed about the center point of the bevel ring 701. A movable plate 704 is connected inside the protective shell 4, and the movable plate 704 is connected to both bevel gears 702 via movable plates 703. Both sides of the movable plate 704 are slidably disposed inside the protective shell 4 via first sliders 705. The two ends of the movable plate 703 are respectively connected to the movable plate 704. The bottom and the side of the bevel gear 702 are hinged. The inner side of the moving plate 704 is slidably connected to the cleaning brush 707 via the second slider 706. The left side of the second slider 706 is fixedly connected to the guide plate 709. The right side of the second slider 706 is installed between the guide plate 706 and the inner wall of the moving plate 704. The left side of the guide plate 709 is fixed to the first magnet 710. The upper left side of the protective shell 4 is fixed with the second magnet 711 at equal intervals. The left side of the guide plate 709 penetrates the outer surface of the moving plate 704 and is slidably connected inside the moving plate 704. The positions of the first magnet 710 and the second magnet 711 are corresponding, and the magnetic poles of the opposite sides of the first magnet 710 and the second magnet 711 are the same.

[0040] As one embodiment of the present invention, before the device is activated, during the rotation of the total station body 3 by the operator, two bevel gears 702 linked to it can be driven to make circular motion and rotate synchronously along the meshing bevel gear ring 701; the rotation of the bevel gears 702 drives the movable plate 703 to reciprocate up and down, thereby pulling the moving plate 704 to move up and down synchronously, so that the cleaning brush 707 on the moving plate 704 can longitudinally sweep the mirror surface of the total station body 3, effectively removing dust, debris and other impurities attached to the mirror surface, avoiding the impact of mirror obstruction on the surveying accuracy. At the same time, when the moving plate 704 moves up and down, the first magnet 710 on its side guide plate 709 moves up and down synchronously; when the first magnet 710 moves to When the second magnet 711 is fixed on the protective shell 4, the second slider 706 is pushed to slide to the right along the slide rail using the principle of like poles repulsion, which drives the cleaning brush 707 to move laterally in sync. When the guide plate 709 rises and falls with the moving plate 704 to a position where the second magnet 711 is far apart, the second slider 706 and the cleaning brush 707 move back to the left under the elastic reset action of the first spring 708. The above process is repeated, so that the cleaning brush 707 can perform longitudinal sweeping on the mirror surface of the total station body 3 while simultaneously completing lateral reciprocating wiping, realizing multi-dimensional composite cleaning action, greatly improving the coverage and cleanliness of the mirror surface, and ensuring the imaging quality and mapping data accuracy of the total station body 3.

[0041] The protective shell 4 has a self-cleaning component inside, and the self-lubricating component includes ball bearings 801. Multiple ball bearings 801 are embedded and rolled on the outer side of the lower end of the rotating column 6. An oil storage ring 802 is installed on the top of the fixed cylinder 5, and a fitting block 809 is fixed at equal angles inside the fixed cylinder 5. The rotating column 6 has a receiving groove inside, and a rubber oil bladder 810 is provided on the inner wall of the receiving groove. Connecting rods 803 are connected at equal angles to the center point of the receiving groove inside the rotating column 6, and extrusion plates 804 are welded to the opposite ends of the four connecting rods 803. A second spring 806 is wound and fixed on the outer side of each of the four connecting rods 803. One end of 806 away from the connecting rod 803 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating column 6. The opposite ends of the four connecting rods 803 extend out of the outer surface of the rotating column 6. The ends of the connecting rods 803 and the mating block 809 are both semi-circular. The four extrusion plates 804 are distributed inside the receiving groove. A lubrication cavity 808 is provided inside the rotating column 6 at the position of the ball 801. The rubber oil bladder 810 and the oil storage ring 802 are connected by an oil inlet pipe 805. The lubrication cavity 808 and the rubber oil bladder 810 are connected by an oil outlet pipe 807. A one-way valve is installed inside both the oil inlet pipe 805 and the oil outlet pipe 807.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, before the device is activated, when the operator manually rotates the total station body 3, multiple balls 801 on the rotating column 6 will roll along the groove, synchronously driving the connecting rod 803 to rotate and abut against the contact block 809. At this time, the contact block 809 exerts a squeezing force on the connecting rod 803, causing the connecting rod 803 to shift, thereby linking the four squeezing plates 804 to synchronously contract inward and squeeze the rubber oil bladder 810. After the rubber oil bladder 810 is compressed, the lubricating oil stored inside will be forced into the lubrication cavity 808 through the oil outlet pipe 807, evenly covering and wetting the multiple balls 801, achieving the self-lubricating effect of the balls 801, effectively reducing the frictional resistance when the rotating column 6 rotates, ensuring its smooth rotation process, and improving the ease of operation and stability of the device. When the total station body 3 rotates to the preset angle, the connecting rod... 803 slides along the surface of the mating block 809 to the other side; at this time, the connecting rod 803 rebounds under the elastic reset action of the second spring 806, driving the extrusion plate 804 to reset synchronously, releasing the extrusion pressure on the rubber oil bladder 810; the rubber oil bladder 810 then returns to its initial shape, automatically drawing lubricating oil from the oil storage ring 802 through the oil inlet pipe 805, completing the automatic replenishment and storage of oil; at the same time, the one-way valves configured on the oil inlet pipe 805 and the oil outlet pipe 807 can strictly limit the flow direction of oil, effectively avoiding backflow and turbulence of lubricating medium, ensuring the reliability of the lubrication system; in addition, the limiting structure of the mating block 809 can form a stable lock on the reset connecting rod 803, thereby locking the rotation angle of the total station body 3, preventing it from deflecting due to external force disturbance or equipment vibration, and ensuring the accurate and stable attitude of the camera during the surveying operation.

[0043] A surveying method includes the following steps:

[0044] S1. Fix the total station body 3 to the reference point of the area to be measured on the building using the tripod 2. Adjust the telescopic support of the tripod 2 and use the circular level and foot screws of the device base 1 to complete the rough leveling. Then, use the dual-axis tilt compensator to perform precise leveling to ensure the horizontal attitude of the device.

[0045] S2. Manually rotate the total station body 3 to the initial angle to trigger the self-lubricating structure of the rotating part: During the rotation, the rotating column 6 drives the ball bearing 801 to roll along the groove, the connecting rod 803 abuts and squeezes against the mating block 809, driving the extrusion plate 804 to compress the rubber oil bladder 810, and the lubricating oil is injected into the lubrication cavity 808 through the oil outlet pipe 807 to complete the self-lubrication of the ball bearing 801; after the total station body 3 rotates to the preset initial angle, the mating block 809 forms a limit lock on the connecting rod 803 to prevent angle deviation;

[0046] S3. When rotating the connecting rod 803, the linkage bevel gear 702 rotates along the bevel gear ring 701, driving the moving plate 704 to move up and down reciprocally, and the cleaning brush 707 simultaneously sweeps the mirror surface longitudinally; at the same time, the first magnet 710 on the guide plate 709 and the second magnet 711 on the protective shell 4 generate like pole repulsion, driving the cleaning brush 707 to move laterally, and removing dust, slurry and other impurities from the mirror through the "longitudinal and lateral" compound cleaning action. After cleaning, the cleaning brush 707 is reset under the action of the first spring 708.

[0047] S4. Set the parameters and system calibration of the total station body 3, and perform scanning and data acquisition through the laser sensor. Then, preprocess and optimize the acquired data for noise reduction, and finally perform 3D modeling and data output.

[0048] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A building surveying device based on a laser sensor, comprising a base (1), a tripod (2) is installed on the outside of the base (1), and a rotating column (6) is connected through the top of the inner wall of the base (1), a protective shell (4) is installed on the top of the rotating column (6), and a total station body (3) is installed inside the protective shell (4). Its features are: It also includes a fixed cylinder (5), which is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the base (1) by bolts. The rotating column (6) is provided with a self-lubricating component, and the protective shell (4) is provided with a self-cleaning component. The self-cleaning component includes a bevel ring (701), which is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed cylinder (5). The bevel ring (701) is meshed with bevel gears (702) on all tooth surfaces. A movable plate (704) is connected inside the protective shell (4). The movable plate (704) is connected to the two bevel gears (702) through a movable plate (703). A cleaning brush (707) is slidably connected to the inner side of the movable plate (704) through a second slider (706).

2. The building surveying device based on a laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tripod (2) is hinged to the outer side of the base (1), the protective shell (4) is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the base (1) through the rotating column (6), the total station body (3) is movably installed inside the protective shell (4), and the fixing cylinder (5) is sleeved on the outside of the rotating column (6).

3. The building surveying device based on a laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide plate (709) is fixedly connected to the left side of the second slider (706), and a first spring (708) is installed between the right side of the second slider (706) and the inner wall of the moving plate (704). A first magnet (710) is fixed to the left side of the guide plate (709), and a second magnet (711) is fixed at equal intervals on the upper left side inside the protective shell (4).

4. The building surveying device based on a laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the movable plate (704) are slidably disposed inside the protective shell (4) via the first slider (705). Both ends of the movable plate (703) are hinged to the bottom of the movable plate (704) and the side of the bevel gear (702), respectively.

5. The building surveying device based on a laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both bevel gears (702) are rotatably connected to the inside of the protective shell (4) via a shaft, and the outer sides of both bevel gears (702) penetrate the lower surface of the protective shell (4), and the two bevel gears (702) are symmetrically distributed about the center point of the bevel gear ring (701).

6. The building surveying device based on a laser sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The left side of the guide plate (709) extends through the outer surface of the movable plate (704), and the guide plate (709) is slidably connected inside the movable plate (704). The positions of the first magnet (710) and the second magnet (711) are corresponding, and the magnetic poles of the opposite surfaces of the first magnet (710) and the second magnet (711) are the same.

7. The building surveying device based on a laser sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-lubricating assembly includes ball bearings (801), multiple ball bearings (801) are embedded and rolled on the outer side of the lower end of the rotating column (6), an oil storage ring (802) is installed on the top of the fixed cylinder (5), and a fitting block (809) is fixed at equal angles inside the fixed cylinder (5). A receiving groove is opened inside the rotating column (6), and a rubber oil bladder (810) is provided on the inner wall of the receiving groove. A connecting rod (803) is connected at equal angles to the center point of the receiving groove inside the rotating column (6), and an extrusion plate (804) is welded to the opposite ends of the four connecting rods (803). A second spring (806) is wound and fixed on the outer side of the four connecting rods (803), and the end of the second spring (806) away from the connecting rod (803) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating column (6). A lubrication cavity (808) is opened inside the rotating column (6) at the position of the ball bearings (801).

8. A building surveying device based on a laser sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The opposite ends of the four connecting rods (803) extend out of the outer surface of the rotating column (6), and the ends of the connecting rods (803) and the bonding block (809) are both semi-circular. The four extrusion plates (804) are distributed inside the receiving groove.

9. A building surveying device based on a laser sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rubber oil bladder (810) and the oil storage ring (802) are connected by an oil inlet pipe (805), and the lubrication cavity (808) and the rubber oil bladder (810) are connected by an oil outlet pipe (807). Both the oil inlet pipe (805) and the oil outlet pipe (807) are equipped with one-way valves.

10. A surveying method applicable to the building surveying device based on a laser sensor as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Fix the total station body (3) to the reference point of the area to be measured in the house using the tripod (2), adjust the telescopic support of the tripod (2), and complete the rough leveling with the circular level and foot screw of the device base (1). Then, perform precise leveling using the dual-axis tilt compensator to ensure the horizontal attitude of the device. S2. Manually rotate the total station body (3) to the initial angle to trigger the self-lubricating structure of the rotating part: During the rotation, the rotating column (6) drives the ball (801) to roll along the groove, the connecting rod (803) and the mating block (809) abut and squeeze, driving the extrusion plate (804) to compress the rubber oil bladder (810), and the lubricating oil is injected into the lubrication cavity (808) through the oil outlet pipe (807) to complete the ball self-lubrication; after the total station body (3) rotates to the preset initial angle, the mating block (809) forms a limit lock on the connecting rod (803) to prevent angle deviation; S3. When the rotating connecting rod (803) is rotated, the linkage bevel gear (702) rotates along the bevel gear ring (701), driving the moving plate (704) to move up and down reciprocally, and the cleaning brush (707) simultaneously sweeps the mirror surface longitudinally; at the same time, the first magnet (710) on the guide plate (709) and the second magnet (711) on the protective shell (4) generate like pole repulsion, driving the cleaning brush (707) to move laterally, and removing dust, slurry and other impurities from the mirror surface through the "longitudinal and lateral" compound cleaning action. After cleaning, the cleaning brush (707) is reset under the action of the first spring (708); S4. Set the parameters and system calibration of the total station body (3), and scan and collect data through the laser sensor. Then, preprocess and optimize the collected data for noise reduction, and finally perform three-dimensional modeling and data output.

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