Display system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a display system and a vehicle. The display system comprises a display panel used for forming image light, a light processing unit used for converting the image light into linearly polarized light and an angle adjusting mechanism, and the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the light processing unit and / or the display panel and used for adjusting the angle of the light processing unit and / or the display panel. The linearly polarized light is incident to the polarized light projection substrate at a first Brewster angle, and the polarized light projection substrate reflects the linearly polarized light. According to the display system and the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the invention, no obvious transmission light is generated to enter the polarized light projection substrate, so that the path that the light is secondarily reflected on the second interface of the polarized light projection substrate and then is emitted through the first interface is avoided, the formation condition of a ghosting light path is cut off, and the display effect is improved. The ghosting phenomenon caused by a polarized light projection substrate and other double-interface structures is remarkably inhibited, the definition and contrast ratio of a display image are improved, and the observation experience of human eyes is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optical display technology, and more particularly to a display system and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] A vehicle's head-up display (HUD) projects important driving information such as speed and navigation onto the windshield in front of the driver, allowing the driver to see this information without looking down or turning their head.

[0003] Currently, HUDs typically project the image light emitted from the display screen onto the windshield, using the reflection from the windshield to form a virtual image for the driver to observe, thereby achieving information display.

[0004] However, because the windshield is a transparent medium with a certain thickness, it contains two optical interfaces: a first interface facing inwards and a second interface facing outwards. When image light is incident on the first interface, part of the light is reflected to form the primary image, while the other part is refracted into the glass and undergoes secondary reflection at the second interface, before being refracted again through the first interface and entering the eye. This secondary reflection path has an optical path difference from the primary reflection path, resulting in a shifted virtual image in the eye, i.e., ghosting. This ghosting reduces the clarity of the HUD display information and affects driving safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a display system and vehicle that solves the image ghosting problem caused by multiple reflections from the projection substrate (such as a windshield) by converting image light into linearly polarized light and adjusting the angle, thereby improving the clarity of the information displayed on the projection substrate and enhancing the human eye's viewing experience.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a display system, the display system comprising:

[0007] Display panel, used to generate image light;

[0008] The light processing unit is used to convert image light into linearly polarized light;

[0009] An angle adjustment mechanism, connected to the light processing unit and / or display panel, is used to adjust the angle of the light processing unit and / or display panel so that linearly polarized light is incident on the polarized light projection substrate at a first Brewster angle, and the polarized light projection substrate reflects the linearly polarized light.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a vehicle that includes the display system described in the first aspect.

[0011] This invention provides a display system and vehicle. A light processing unit converts image light emitted from a display panel into linearly polarized light. An angle adjustment mechanism adjusts the angle of the light processing unit and / or the display panel so that the linearly polarized light is incident on a polarized light projection substrate at a first Brewster angle. This allows the linearly polarized light to be efficiently reflected at the first interface of the polarized light projection substrate to the human eye, forming a virtual image for the driver to observe and thus displaying information. Since this linearly polarized light does not contain orthogonal polarization components, it does not produce significant transmitted light entering the polarized light projection substrate. This avoids the path of light undergoing secondary reflection at the second interface before exiting through the first interface, cutting off the conditions for ghosting at the optical source. This significantly suppresses ghosting caused by the dual-interface structure of the polarized light projection substrate, improving the clarity and contrast of the displayed image and enhancing the human eye's viewing experience.

[0012] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display system in related technologies;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a light processing unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another optical processing unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a reflective polarizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 15 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the A-A' direction;

[0031] Figure 18 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of another display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 19 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of another display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 20 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a liquid crystal display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of a collimating lens group provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 26 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of another display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0041] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" described in the embodiments of this invention are used to describe the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this invention. Furthermore, in the context, it should be understood that when referring to an element being formed "upper" or "lower" of another element, it can be formed not only directly "upper" or "lower" of the other element, but also indirectly "upper" or "lower" of the other element through an intermediate element. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display system in related technologies, such as... Figure 1As shown, the display system includes a display panel 10' and a projection substrate 40'. The projection substrate 40' includes a first interface 41' and a second interface 42' disposed opposite to each other. When the image light 1' emitted by the display panel 10' is incident on the first interface 41', part of the light is reflected to form a main virtual image (i.e., the main reflected light path), and the other part of the light is refracted into the interior of the projection substrate 40' to form refracted light. Figure 1 (Represented by dashed lines in the image) The refracted light is reflected at the second interface 42' and refracted again through the first interface 41' before entering the human eye 100', forming a secondary virtual image (i.e., the secondary reflection light path). Due to the optical path difference between the two light paths, the two virtual images received by the human eye 100' are spatially offset, resulting in ghosting. This ghosting reduces the contrast and clarity of the displayed image, affecting driving safety.

[0044] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a display system to solve the image ghosting problem caused by multiple reflections from the projection substrate.

[0045] Specifically, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a display system, including:

[0046] Display panel 10 is used to form image light 1.

[0047] The light processing unit 20 is used to convert image light 1 into linearly polarized light 2.

[0048] Angle adjustment mechanism 30, connected to light processing unit 20 and / or display panel 10, is used to adjust the angle of light processing unit 20 and / or display panel 10 so that linearly polarized light 2 is at a first Brewster angle θ. B1 The light is incident on the polarized light projection substrate 40 and causes the polarized light projection substrate 40 to reflect the linearly polarized light 2.

[0049] The display panel 10 serves as the image source of the display system, receiving electrical signals and converting them into a visible light image that can be projected, thus forming image light 1.

[0050] In some embodiments, the display panel 10 may be a liquid crystal display panel (LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a micro light-emitting diode (Micro LED), or a mini light-emitting diode (Mini LED), but is not limited thereto.

[0051] The light processing unit 20 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10 and is located on the propagation path of the image light. Its main function is to convert the unpolarized image light 1 emitted by the display panel 10 into linearly polarized light 2 with a specific vibration direction.

[0052] The electric field vector of the unpolarized light (natural light) emitted by the display panel 10 is uniformly distributed in all possible directions in an unpredictable manner within a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, and the vibration intensity in each direction is statistically equal on average. Unpolarized light contains S-polarization and P-polarization components, which exhibit complex reflection and transmission behaviors when incident on the interface at a specific angle, making precise optical path control difficult.

[0053] Linearly polarized light 2 refers to light in an electromagnetic wave whose endpoint of the electric field vector reciprocates along a fixed straight line in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. Unlike natural light (where the electric field direction changes randomly), when linearly polarized light 2 is incident on a medium interface, its reflection and transmission characteristics are determined solely by the fixed polarization direction and the incident angle. Therefore, by reasonably selecting the polarization direction and the incident angle, the suppression or enhancement of a specific optical path can be achieved.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the light processing unit 20 converts the unpolarized image light 1 emitted by the display panel 10 into linearly polarized light 2. The polarization direction of the linearly polarized light 2 is precisely controlled to match the polarization-selective reflection characteristics of the subsequent projection substrate (such as the polarized light projection substrate 40) under the Brewster angle incident condition.

[0055] An angle adjustment mechanism 30 is a mechanical or electromechanical device for adjusting the spatial angle of the display panel 10 and / or the light processing unit 20. In this embodiment of the invention, the angle adjustment mechanism 30 is connected to the light processing unit 20 and / or the display panel 10. It dynamically adjusts the spatial orientation (e.g., pitch angle, yaw angle) of the light processing unit 20 and / or the display panel 10 to change the relative orientation of the light processing unit 20 and / or the display panel 10 with respect to the polarized light projection substrate 40, so that the linearly polarized light 2 emitted by the light processing unit 20 is at a first Brewster angle θ. B1The incident angle of linearly polarized light 2 on the first interface 41 of the image light projection substrate 21, which is the first Brewster angle θ, is the first incident angle of linearly polarized light 2 on the first interface 41 of the image light projection substrate 21. B1 This satisfies the polarization-selective reflection condition.

[0056] Brewster's angle refers to the angle at which light is incident at a specific angle from one medium to the interface of another medium. When the light is incident at a specific angle, the reflected light becomes completely linearly polarized (such as S-polarized light), while the reflectivity of its orthogonal polarization component (such as P-polarized light) approaches zero and the transmittance approaches 100%, thus enabling selective control of the reflected light path.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, through the precise control of the angle adjustment mechanism 30, the linearly polarized light 2 output by the light processing unit 20 can always maintain the first Brewster angle θ, regardless of how the driver's eye position changes. B1 The light is incident on the polarized light projection substrate 40, satisfying the Brewster angle incident condition. Among them, the linearly polarized light 2 is a single polarization state (such as S-polarized light), which can be efficiently reflected to the human eye 100 at the first interface 41 of the polarized light projection substrate 40, forming a main virtual image for the driver to observe, thereby realizing information display.

[0058] Since the linearly polarized light 2 does not contain orthogonally polarized components (such as P-polarized light), it will not produce significant transmitted light entering the polarized light projection substrate 40. This avoids the path of light being reflected twice at the second interface 42 and then emitted through the first interface 41. The conditions for the formation of ghosting light path are cut off from the optical source, significantly suppressing the ghosting phenomenon caused by the dual interface structure such as the polarized light projection substrate 40, and improving the clarity and contrast of the displayed image.

[0059] In some embodiments, the linearly polarized light 2 is S-polarized light, whose electric field vector vibration direction is perpendicular to the incident plane. In this embodiment, image light 1 is converted into S-polarized light and made to vibrate at a first Brewster angle θ. B1 When incident on the polarized light projection substrate 40, efficient reflection can be achieved at the first interface 41 to form a main virtual image. At the same time, the S-polarized light does not contain orthogonal polarization components (i.e., P-polarized light), which avoids the P-polarized light from entering the polarized light projection substrate 40 due to its high transmittance and causing secondary reflection. This avoids the ghosting light path formed by reflection through the second interface 42, and effectively suppresses ghosting.

[0060] In summary, the display system provided by this invention converts the image light emitted from the display panel into linearly polarized light through a light processing unit, and adjusts the angle of the light processing unit and / or the display panel through an angle adjustment mechanism. This allows the linearly polarized light to be incident on the polarized light projection substrate at a first Brewster angle, resulting in efficient reflection of the linearly polarized light at the first interface of the polarized light projection substrate to the human eye, forming a virtual image for the driver to observe and thus displaying information. Since this linearly polarized light does not contain orthogonal polarization components, it does not produce significant transmitted light entering the interior of the polarized light projection substrate. This avoids the path of light undergoing secondary reflection at the second interface before exiting through the first interface, cutting off the conditions for ghosting at the optical source. This significantly suppresses ghosting caused by the dual-interface structure of the polarized light projection substrate, improves the clarity and contrast of the displayed image, and enhances the human eye's viewing experience.

[0061] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, the light processing unit 20 includes an image light projection substrate 21, and the angle adjustment mechanism 30 is also used to adjust the angle of the image light projection substrate 21 and / or the display panel 10 so that the image light is incident on the image light projection substrate 21 at a second Brewster angle and is reflected by the image light projection substrate 21 to form linearly polarized light 2.

[0062] Among them, the image light projection substrate 21 is a transparent substrate with a certain thickness and optical properties. Its core function is to receive the image light 1 from the display panel 10 and convert the image light 1 into linearly polarized light 2 through its specific surface structure and optical laws.

[0063] Specifically, the angle adjustment mechanism 30 can adjust the angle of the image light projection substrate 21 and / or the display panel 10, so that the image light 1 is at a second Brewster angle θ. B2 The incident angle of image light 1 on the first surface 211 of the image light projection substrate 21 is the second Brewster angle θ. B2 .

[0064] Wherein, when the unpolarized image light 1 travels at a specific second Brewster angle θ B2 When light is incident on the first surface 211 of the image light projection substrate 21, reflection and refraction occur. According to the Brewster angle effect, the reflected light will be fully linearly polarized light with its vibration direction perpendicular to the incident surface (such as S-polarized light). At the same time, the refracted light transmitted into the image light projection substrate 21 (such as the first refracted light 3) is rich in polarized light components with their vibration direction parallel to the incident surface (such as P-polarized light). In this way, the image light projection substrate 21 achieves the conversion from image light 1 to linearly polarized light 2 through precise angle control.

[0065] Furthermore, by adjusting the angle of the image light projection substrate 21 and / or the display panel 10 through the angle adjustment mechanism 30, the linearly polarized light 2 is subsequently guided to the polarized light projection substrate 40 and directed at a first Brewster angle θ. B1 Incident light, thereby achieving ghosting suppression.

[0066] In this embodiment, the second Brewster angle θ is used. B2 Reflection to form linearly polarized light is a physical beam splitting process that reflects the desired linearly polarized light while transmitting the unwanted polarization component, without absorbing light energy itself. Therefore, the brightness loss of the reflected linearly polarized light is extremely low, theoretically achieving near-lossless conversion, which is beneficial for improving the final brightness and energy efficiency of the entire display system.

[0067] In some embodiments, the image light projection substrate 21 is made of an optical material with high light transmittance, such as optical glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), or cyclic olefin polymer (COP). These materials have low light scattering, high optical uniformity, and good environmental stability, which helps reduce energy loss of the image light 1 during propagation, thereby ensuring polarization conversion efficiency and imaging quality.

[0068] It is understood that the present invention does not limit the specific material of the image light projection substrate 21, and any transparent medium that can meet the Brewster angle reflection condition and has the required optical performance can be used.

[0069] In some embodiments, the shape and specific size of the image light projection substrate 21 can be flexibly selected according to actual application requirements, and the present invention does not limit this. For example, its shape can be a composite form of a flat plate, a curved surface, or an integrated microstructure, and its size can be adapted to the HUD installation space of different vehicle models, as long as the image light projection substrate 21 can support the second Brewster angle θ. B2 Polarization-selective reflection of the incident image light 1 falls within the protection scope of this invention.

[0070] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, the image light projection substrate 21 includes a first surface 211 and a second surface 212 opposite to the first surface, wherein the first surface 211 is planar. Image light 1 is incident on the first surface 211 and enters the first surface 211 at a second Brewster angle θ. B2 The reflection forms linearly polarized light 2, and the refraction forms first refracted light 3; the first refracted light 3 is transmitted to the second surface 212 through the interior of the image light projection substrate 21.

[0071] The first surface 211 and the second surface 212 can be understood as two smooth surfaces arranged opposite to each other in the image light projection substrate 21.

[0072] The first refracted light 3 can be understood as refracted light formed by the refraction of light at the first surface 211 of the image light projection substrate 21.

[0073] In this embodiment, the image light 1 formed by the display panel 10 is incident on the first surface 211 of the image light projection substrate 21, and the first surface 211 is illuminated at a second Brewster angle θ. B2 The reflection forms linearly polarized light 2, which is then refracted to form first refracted light 3. The propagation directions of the first refracted light 3 and the linearly polarized light 2 are perpendicular to each other. At this time, the first refracted light 3 is transmitted into the interior of the image light projection substrate 21 and transmitted to the second surface 212 of the image light projection substrate 21. The first refracted light 3 and the linearly polarized light 2 are completely separated in space, avoiding optical path cross-interference.

[0074] In this process, linearly polarized light 2 is formed by reflecting light from the flat first surface 211 of the image light projection substrate 21. At this time, the image light projection substrate 21 is a parallel planar plate. This structure is easy to process and manufacture. It can be obtained by cutting, grinding and polishing standard optical glass or resin plates. It has excellent manufacturability and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale production applications.

[0075] Meanwhile, the planar structure of the image light projection substrate 21 avoids diffraction, scattering or aberration problems that may be caused by complex microstructures. Its optical path is clear, and the generated linearly polarized light 2 has high quality and stable directionality, which is conducive to forming a uniform and distortion-free main image in the entire field of view.

[0076] Furthermore, since the conversion function of linearly polarized light 2 depends on the overall tilt angle of the image light projection substrate 21, the linearly polarized light 2 is formed by reflecting the flat first surface 211 of the image light projection substrate 21, which simplifies the control logic of the angle adjustment mechanism 30 and facilitates quick and accurate debugging during production assembly and later maintenance.

[0077] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, optionally, the image light projection substrate 21 includes a first surface 211 and a second surface 212 opposite to the first surface 211. A microstructure layer 50 is disposed on the first surface 211. The microstructure layer 50 includes a plurality of microstructure units 51, and each microstructure unit 51 includes a first surface 52 and a second surface 53 that are intersected. Image light 1 is incident on the first surface 52 of the microstructure layer 50, and the image light 1 is incident on the first surface 52 at a second Brewster angle θ. B2The reflected light forms linearly polarized light 2, and the refracted light forms first refracted light 3. The first refracted light 3 is transmitted through the interior of the image light projection substrate 21 to the second surface 53 and / or the second surface 212.

[0078] The microstructure layer 50 includes multiple periodically or non-periodically arranged microstructure units 51, each of which includes a first surface 52 and a second surface 53 that are intersected.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the cross-section of the microstructure unit 51 is triangular, and a bottom surface that fits against the first surface 211 is connected between the first surface 52 and the second surface 53. The first surface 52 can be the surface containing the long hypotenuse of the triangle, and the second surface 53 can be the surface containing the short side of the triangle.

[0080] In this embodiment, the image light 1 emitted from the display panel 10 is incident on the first surface 52 of the microstructure unit 51 and enters at a second Brewster angle θ. B2 Incident, the second Brewster angle θ here B2 It refers to the angle of incidence of image light 1 relative to the normal of the first surface 52.

[0081] Under these incident conditions, the S-polarized component of image light 1 is selectively reflected to form linearly polarized light 2, while the P-polarized component is mainly refracted to form first refracted light 3. According to the optical properties of Brewster's angle, the propagation directions of linearly polarized light 2 and first refracted light 3 are perpendicular to each other. First refracted light 3 is transmitted through the inside of image light projection substrate 21 and finally reaches the second surface 53 of microstructure unit 51 and / or the second surface 212 of image light projection substrate 21, realizing the spatial separation of effective light and stray light.

[0082] In this embodiment, by integrating a microstructure layer 50 on the surface of the image light projection substrate 21, the Brewster angle incident condition can be achieved solely through the local inclined surface (first surface 52) of the microstructure unit 51, without the need for significant adjustments to the angle of the image light projection substrate 21, thereby efficiently generating linearly polarized light 2. Specifically, the large-scale tilt of the image light projection substrate 21 required for the Brewster angle is transformed into local angle control on the surface of the microstructure unit 51. This allows the image light projection substrate 21 to be installed horizontally or nearly horizontally, reducing the vertical space occupied by the display system and solving the problem of polarization conversion failure caused by the inability to flexibly adjust the angle of the image light projection substrate 21 due to space constraints. This approach is applicable to scenarios where in-vehicle space is limited and large-angle or thick reflectors cannot be arranged.

[0083] In some embodiments, the microstructure layer 50 may be formed on the first surface 211 by means of mounting (such as attaching the microstructure film with high transmittance optical adhesive) or etching process (such as laser direct writing, nanoimprinting or reactive ion etching).

[0084] In some embodiments, the material of the microstructure layer 50 may be the same as or different from the image light projection substrate 21, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0085] It should be noted that different application scenarios and requirements may require microstructure units 51 of different sizes to achieve optimal performance. For example, in application scenarios that require high-resolution displays, smaller microstructure units 51 may be needed to improve the representation of image details; while when light efficiency and manufacturing cost control are emphasized, a larger microstructure unit 51 design can be selected. This embodiment of the invention does not make specific limitations in this regard.

[0086] Optional, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the angle θ1 between the second surface 53 and the first surface 211 is greater than the angle θ2 between the image light 1 and the first surface 211.

[0087] Among them, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the included angle θ1 between the second surface 52 and the first surface 211 can be understood as the acute angle between the short side of the triangle (i.e., the second surface 53) in the cross-section of the microstructure unit 51 and the first surface 211, or, in other words, the included angle between the second surface 53 and the bottom surface within the microstructure unit 51.

[0088] The angle θ2 between image light 1 and the first surface 211 can be understood as the acute angle formed by the central ray (or principal axis) of image light 1 and the first surface 211.

[0089] In this embodiment, by ensuring θ1 > θ2, image light 1 can be prevented from directly illuminating the second surface 53 of the microstructure unit 51. If image light 1 directly incident on the second surface 53, uncontrollable and chaotic secondary reflected light will be formed. This stray light will mix into the main optical path, interfering with the effective linearly polarized light 2, causing a decrease in image contrast and the risk of ghosting. This embodiment avoids the above problems, ensuring the purity of the linearly polarized light 2, thereby improving the contrast and clarity of the displayed image.

[0090] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 5 As shown, optionally, a first light-absorbing layer 60 is provided on the second surface 53 to absorb the first refracted light 3.

[0091] The first light-absorbing layer 60 refers to a functional coating or thin film structure disposed on the second surface 53 of the microstructure unit 51. Its function is to absorb stray light to reduce optical interference that adversely affects the final imaging quality.

[0092] In this embodiment, by providing a first light-absorbing layer 60 on the second surface 53 of the microstructure unit 51, the first refracted light 3 generated by the image light 1 entering the microstructure layer 50 can be effectively absorbed, avoiding the first refracted light 3 from being unexpectedly scattered or reflected inside the image light projection substrate 21, thus forming stray light interference. This can improve the purity of the linearly polarized light 2, enhance the clarity and contrast of the final projected image, and solve the image ghosting problem caused by stray light superposition.

[0093] In some embodiments, the first light-absorbing layer 60 may be made of a material with high absorbency and low reflectivity, such as a black ink coating, black light-shielding tape, or other black polymer substrate. The specific material of the first light-absorbing layer 60 is not limited in these embodiments, as long as it can effectively absorb the first refracted light 3.

[0094] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, optionally, at least two adjacent microstructure units 51 may overlap along the thickness direction of the image light projection substrate 21 (such as the first direction X).

[0095] In this case, along a direction perpendicular to the plane of the image light projection substrate 21 (such as the first direction X), at least a portion of the projection of one microstructure unit 51 covers at least a portion of the projection of another adjacent microstructure unit 51.

[0096] The aforementioned overlapping design allows the effective working areas (first surface 52) of the microstructure units 51 to be closely connected, or even partially overlapped, ensuring that the image light 1 emitted from the display panel 10 can be continuously and without omission received and processed. This helps to eliminate light leakage that may be caused by physical gaps between the microstructure units 51, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the image light 1. The reflected linearly polarized light 2 can have better brightness uniformity, avoiding the generation of bright and dark stripes or graininess due to the sparse arrangement of the microstructure units 51.

[0097] Meanwhile, the overlapping area between adjacent microstructure units 51 is equivalent to increasing the support points and connection strength of the structure, which can give the entire microstructure layer 50 better mechanical stability and stronger resistance to impact vibration.

[0098] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, optionally, at least two microstructure units 51 have different shapes and / or sizes.

[0099] Specifically, in this embodiment, the microstructure units 51 in the microstructure layer 50 do not necessarily have to be exactly the same.

[0100] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the microstructure unit 51 can have a variety of different geometries, such as triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, or other complex shapes. Each shape can be optimized according to specific optical requirements to achieve optimal light control. For example, as... Figure 7 As shown, the tilt angles of the second face 53 of at least two adjacent microstructural units 51 can be different; or, their apex angles can also be adjusted.

[0101] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, the microstructure unit 51 can have various different dimensions, including but not limited to variations in parameters such as height and width. For example, as Figure 8 As shown, the height or bottom width of at least two adjacent microstructure units 51 may be different.

[0102] When the microstructure units 51 are arranged periodically with the same shape and size, they can form an optical grating, which can easily interfere with the pixel structure of the display panel 10, producing moiré patterns, or it can produce unnecessary diffraction patterns.

[0103] In this embodiment, by introducing variations in the shape and / or size of the microstructure unit 51, strict periodicity can be broken. By adopting a non-periodic arrangement, moiré patterns and diffraction spots can be suppressed or even eliminated, significantly improving the contrast and visual purity of the final displayed image.

[0104] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another image light projection substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, optionally, the microstructure units 51 are arranged non-uniformly in the microstructure layer 50.

[0105] Specifically, the spatial distribution of the microstructure units 51 on the substrate surface does not follow a fixed, regular period and spacing. Their arrangement density, relative position, or orientation can be varied, gradient-like, or random, such as... Figure 9 The density variation is shown in the diagram.

[0106] The non-uniform arrangement of the microstructure layer 50 can be achieved in a variety of ways. For example, the microstructure layer 50 can be divided into multiple sub-regions, where the microstructure units 51 in each sub-region have the same density, but the density differs between different sub-regions; or, the density of the microstructure units 51 can gradually change from one region to another, forming a continuous transition; or, the microstructure units 51 can be generated in a random or pseudo-random distribution according to a specific algorithm.

[0107] As mentioned earlier, strictly periodic structures can produce moiré patterns and diffraction spots.

[0108] In this embodiment, the microstructure unit 51 can break the conditions for generating regular interference by adopting a non-periodic, quasi-random, or random arrangement, so that the diffraction noise introduced by the microstructure layer 50 itself, as well as the moiré pattern generated by its interaction with the display panel pixels, can be suppressed and eliminated to a large extent, thereby obtaining a pure display image without any regular pattern interference.

[0109] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 10 As shown, optionally, a second light-absorbing layer 70 is provided on one side of the second surface 212 of the image light projection substrate 21 for absorbing the first refracted light 3.

[0110] The second light-absorbing layer 70 refers to a functional coating or thin film structure disposed on the second surface 212 of the image light projection substrate 21. Its function is to absorb stray light to reduce optical interference that adversely affects the final image quality.

[0111] In this embodiment, by providing a second light-absorbing layer 70 on the second surface 212 of the image light projection substrate 21, the first refracted light 3 generated by the image light 1 entering the image light projection substrate 21 can be effectively absorbed, avoiding the first refracted light 3 from being unexpectedly scattered or reflected inside the image light projection substrate 21, thus forming stray light interference. This can improve the purity of the linearly polarized light 2, enhance the clarity and contrast of the final projected image, and solve the image ghosting problem caused by stray light superposition.

[0112] In some embodiments, the second light-absorbing layer 70 may be made of a material with high absorbency and low reflectivity, such as a black ink coating, black light-shielding tape, or other black polymer substrate. The specific material of the second light-absorbing layer 70 is not limited in these embodiments, as long as it can effectively absorb the first refracted light 3.

[0113] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second Brewster angle θ B2 Satisfying θ B2 =arctan(n2 / n1), and n1 < n2. Where n1 is the refractive index of the medium in which the image light 1 is located before it is incident on the image light projection substrate 21, and n2 is the refractive index of the image light projection substrate 21.

[0114] Wherein, n1 is the refractive index of the medium in which the image light 1 is located before it is incident on the image light projection substrate 21 (e.g., air, n1 is approximately 1).

[0115] n2 is the refractive index of the image light projection substrate 21 (e.g., optical glass, PMMA, or PC, n2 is approximately 1.49 to 1.70).

[0116] In this embodiment, the second Brewster angle θ B2 Satisfying θ B2 =arctan(n2 / n1), for example, taking the medium in which image light 1 is incident before reaching image light projection substrate 21 as air, and image light projection substrate 21 as glass (refractive index approximately 1.5) as an example, when image light 1 is incident from air onto image light projection substrate 21 made of glass, the second Brewster angle θ is... B2 Approximately θ B2 =arctan(1.5 / 1)≈56.3°.

[0117] According to the boundary conditions of electromagnetic waves at the interface of a medium, when image light 1 moves at the aforementioned second Brewster angle θ... B2 Upon incident light, the reflection coefficient of its P-polarized component (electric field direction parallel to the incident plane) is zero, meaning almost no reflection occurs, while the S-polarized component (electric field direction perpendicular to the incident plane) is reflected. Therefore, the reflected light becomes highly pure S-polarized linearly polarized light, while the transmitted light is rich in P-polarized components.

[0118] Therefore, in this embodiment, the incident angle of image light 1 on the image light projection substrate 21 is precisely controlled to be equal to the second Brewster angle θ mentioned above. B2 By utilizing the above physical phenomena, efficient and low-loss linearly polarized light generation can be achieved without the need for an absorptive polarizer.

[0119] Where n1 < n2, to ensure that there is a real solution for the Brewster angle at the interface.

[0120] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 11 As shown, optionally, the light processing unit 20 includes a polarizer 22, which is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10 and is used to convert the image light 1 into linearly polarized light 2.

[0121] Among them, the polarizer 22 is an optical thin film that can selectively transmit or absorb the polarization state of incident light. Its working principle is that when the unpolarized image light 1 passes through the polarizer 22, the polarizer 22 allows the light vibration component parallel to its transmission axis to pass through, while absorbing or blocking the light vibration component perpendicular to its transmission axis, thereby obtaining linearly polarized light 2 with a single vibration direction on the output side.

[0122] In this embodiment, by placing the polarizer 22 on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10, the image light 1 emitted by the display panel 10 from the light-emitting side is converted into linearly polarized light 2. The polarizer 22 can work effectively within a certain incident angle range, so it can ensure the stable output of linearly polarized light 2 without complex and continuous angle adjustment and control. This reduces the requirements for the mechanical stability and control accuracy of the system, and makes the display system more reliable when facing conditions such as vibration and temperature changes.

[0123] Furthermore, the linearly polarized light 2, after being converted by the polarizer 22, is then incident on the polarized light projection substrate 40, and its incident angle is adjusted by the angle adjustment mechanism 30 to satisfy the first Brewster angle θ. B1 The conditions are such that the polarized light is efficiently reflected to the human eye 100 at the first interface 41 of the polarized light projection substrate 40 to form a virtual image and suppress ghosting.

[0124] In some embodiments, the polarizer 22 is integrated with the display panel 10. For example, the polarizer 22 can be integrated on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10 by means of optical adhesive bonding, hot pressing, or direct coating. For example, the polarizer 22 can be bonded to the light-emitting surface of the display panel 10 with optically transparent adhesive (OCA); or a polarization functional layer can be directly coated / deposited on the encapsulation layer of the display panel 10.

[0125] In some embodiments, the polarizer 22 may also be disposed as an independent optical element in the propagation path of the image light 1. For example, the polarizer 22 may be fixed at a specific position in a bracket, prism, lens group or free space optical path, as long as it is located between the display panel 10 and the polarized light projection substrate 40 and can effectively polarize the image light 1.

[0126] The present invention does not limit the specific installation process and connection method of the polarizer 22, as long as it can effectively receive image light 1 and output linearly polarized light 2, it falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0127] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a light processing unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another optical processing unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, optionally, the polarizer 22 includes a transmissive polarizer 221 or a reflective polarizer 222.

[0128] Among them, such as Figure 12 As shown, the transmissive polarizer 221 can be understood as a device that selectively allows light of a specific polarization direction to pass through by means of the optical properties of the material, while mainly absorbing polarized light perpendicular to that direction rather than reflecting or scattering it, thereby achieving the control of the polarization state of light.

[0129] In some embodiments, the structure of the transmissive polarizer 221 may be formed by sandwiching a polarization functional layer between two protective films (such as TAC films), for example, including a protective film, a cellulose triacetate protective film, a polarizing film, an adhesive and a release film, which has the advantages of high polarization degree and low cost.

[0130] In some embodiments, the transmissive polarizer 221 includes, but is not limited to, an iodine-based transmissive polarizer, and the present invention does not impose any limitations on this.

[0131] In some embodiments, such as Figure 13 As shown, the reflective polarizer 222 can be understood as an optical film that selectively reflects and transmits light according to the polarization direction, allowing light that conforms to a specific polarization direction to pass through smoothly, while reflecting polarized light perpendicular to that direction instead of absorbing it, thereby completing the control of the polarization state of light.

[0132] In some embodiments, the reflective polarizer 222 employs a multilayer film structure, achieving polarization-selective reflection through the refractive index difference between the film layers.

[0133] The reflective polarizer 222 reflects rather than absorbs the ineffective polarized light, which can be recovered and reused through other structures, thereby improving the overall light output efficiency of the system. Meanwhile, the reflective polarizer 222 absorbs virtually no light energy, resulting in a low operating temperature rise, better thermal stability, and a longer lifespan and higher reliability in high-temperature automotive environments.

[0134] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a reflective polarizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 14 As shown, optionally, the reflective polarizer 222 is a dual brightness enhancement film (DBEF).

[0135] The DBEF consists of multiple alternating layers of high-refractive-index material 2221 and low-refractive-index material 2222, with each layer having a thickness in the nanometer range (e.g., 10 nm to 100 nm), forming a periodic multilayer film structure. The high-refractive-index material layer 2221 can be polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), or a fluoropolymer, etc.; the low-refractive-index material layer 2222 can be polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), or a siloxane-based material, etc.

[0136] When unpolarized image light 1 is incident on the DBEF, some of its polarization components (such as the S-polarization component) are selectively transmitted, while other polarization components (such as the P-polarization component) are reflected back to the light source side (such as the display panel 10). The reflected P-polarized light can be reflected by the display panel 10 and re-enter the DBEF, thereby realizing light energy recovery and improving the overall system light efficiency.

[0137] DBEF has advantages such as high transmittance (up to 95% or more), no heat absorption effect, and good environmental stability, making it suitable for high-brightness Micro-LED or laser light source driven vehicle HUD systems.

[0138] Figure 15 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 15 As shown, optionally, the polarizer 22 is a reflective polarizer 222, and the display panel 10 includes a plurality of light-emitting elements 102 arranged in an array, and a reflective layer 15 disposed between adjacent light-emitting elements 102.

[0139] The light-emitting element 102 includes, but is not limited to, Micro-LED or Mini-LED. Micro-LED refers to LED chips with a die size of less than 100 micrometers, enabling display panels with pixel particles of 0.05 millimeters or smaller. Micro-LED has very low power consumption, good material stability, and no image retention. Mini-LED refers to LED chips with a die size between approximately 100 micrometers and 1000 micrometers. When Mini-LED is used in the panel, the yield rate is high, it has irregular cutting characteristics, and when combined with a flexible substrate, it can also form a highly curved backlight form with better color rendering.

[0140] In other embodiments, the light-emitting element 102 may also be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) or other types of light-emitting devices, and the embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit this.

[0141] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 yes Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the A-A' direction, as shown below. Figure 16 and Figure 17As shown, taking Micro-LED as an example, the display panel 10 includes an array substrate 101 and a plurality of light-emitting elements 102 arranged in an array on one side of the array substrate 101. The array substrate 101 includes a substrate 1011 and a plurality of pixel driving circuits 1012 arranged in an array on one side of the substrate 1011. The plurality of pixel driving circuits 1012 and the plurality of light-emitting elements 102 are electrically connected to each other. The pixel driving circuits 1012 are used to transmit driving current to the light-emitting elements 102 under the action of signals from driving signal lines (such as scan signal lines, data signal lines, power signal lines, etc.) on the display panel, so as to drive the light-emitting elements 102 to emit light.

[0142] The light-emitting element 102 and the pixel driving circuit 1012 electrically connected to it together constitute the sub-pixels of the display panel. Multiple sub-pixels are arranged according to a certain rule. By precisely controlling the brightness of different sub-pixels, the display of a complete image can be achieved.

[0143] Optionally, the light-emitting element 102 may include a red light-emitting element that emits red light, a blue light-emitting element that emits blue light, and a green light-emitting element that emits green light to achieve color image display, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the light-emitting element 102 may also include a white light-emitting element that emits white light, and the embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit this.

[0144] Optional, such as Figure 17 As shown, the pixel driving circuit 1012 may include at least one thin-film transistor T, and the thin-film transistor T may include an active layer T1, a gate T2 and a source / drain electrode layer T3.

[0145] Optional, such as Figure 17 As shown, a gate insulating layer 1013 may be disposed between the gate T2 and the active layer T1, and an interlayer insulating layer 1014 may be disposed between the active layer T1 and the source / drain electrode layer T3. A planarization layer 1015, a connecting metal layer 1016, and a passivation layer 1017 may be disposed sequentially on the side of the source / drain electrode layer T3 away from the substrate 1011, but the method is not limited to these.

[0146] Furthermore, such as Figure 15 As shown, the polarizer 22 is a reflective polarizer 222, which is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel 10. When the image light 1 emitted by the light-emitting element 102 is incident on the reflective polarizer 222, its target polarization component (e.g., S-polarized light) is selectively transmitted to form linearly polarized light 2 for imaging; while the orthogonal polarization component (e.g., P-polarized light) is reflected back to the display panel 10.

[0147] In this embodiment, a highly reflective reflective layer 15 is disposed between adjacent light-emitting elements 102. The reflective layer 15 is made of a highly reflective material and covers the non-light-emitting area between the light-emitting elements 102. The light reflected back to the display panel 10 can be efficiently reflected back to the main light-emitting direction by the reflective layer 15 and re-enter the reflective polarizer 222. During this process, this part of the light undergoes polarization filtering by the reflective polarizer 222 again, wherein the target polarization component is transmitted and output as effective linearly polarized light 2, and the remaining polarization components continue to be reflected by the reflective polarizer 222. Multiple light recycling cycles are formed between the reflective layer 15 and the reflective polarizer 222 until the light is effectively utilized or exhausted, thereby improving light utilization and helping to improve image quality.

[0148] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 15 includes a white high-reflectivity colloid (white glue), such as an epoxy resin or silicone composite material containing high-refractive-index inorganic particles such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) or barium sulfate (BaSO4), which has broad-spectrum high diffuse reflectance characteristics for visible light, and is low in cost, simple in process, and has good optical uniformity.

[0149] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 15 includes a metal reflective layer, such as a mirror reflective film formed by vapor deposition, sputtering or printing processes from aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au) or their alloys, which has high reflectivity and good thermal conductivity, high light recovery efficiency and heat dissipation function.

[0150] Optional, such as Figure 15 As shown, the display panel 10 also includes a substrate 1011, a light-emitting element 102 and a reflective layer 15 disposed on one side of the substrate 1011. The surface of the reflective layer 15 facing away from the substrate 1011 is not higher than the surface of the light-emitting element 102 facing away from the substrate 1011.

[0151] Specifically, such as Figure 15 As shown, the substrate 1011 can be understood as a support base disposed at the bottom layer of the display panel 10, which provides physical support for the light-emitting element 102, pixel driving circuit 1012 and functional film layer in the display panel.

[0152] The substrate 1011 includes, but is not limited to, a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate, and the embodiments of the present invention do not impose any limitations on it.

[0153] Furthermore, both the light-emitting element 102 and the reflective layer 15 are disposed on the same side of the substrate 1011, and the top surface of the reflective layer 15 is flush with or lower than the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element 102. This ensures the reflective layer 15's function of reflecting and recovering light while preventing it from blocking some of the wide-viewing-angle light emitted by the light-emitting element 102, thus avoiding brightness loss or limited viewing angle. Simultaneously, during subsequent packaging or bonding with upper-layer structures such as polarizers and cover plates, if the reflective layer 15 protrudes too high, it can easily lead to localized stress concentration, air bubble residue, or poor bonding. The flush or recessed design of the reflective layer 15 with the light-emitting element 102 facilitates uniform interface contact, improving product yield and long-term reliability.

[0154] In some embodiments, such as Figure 15 As shown, the thickness of the reflective layer 15 is controlled during the manufacturing process so that its top surface does not exceed the height of the light-emitting element 102 after deposition / coating.

[0155] In some embodiments, after the reflective layer 15 is formed, the overall surface is flattened by a planarization process (such as chemical mechanical polishing or spin coating) to ensure that the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element 102 is unobstructed.

[0156] Figure 18 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of another display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 18 As shown, optional, such as Figure 18 As shown, the surface of the reflective layer 15 facing away from the substrate 1011 is lower than the surface of the light-emitting element 102 facing away from the substrate 1011. The display panel 10 also includes a light-transmitting filling layer 14, which is disposed between adjacent light-emitting elements 102 and covers the reflective layer 15. The surface of the light-transmitting filling layer 14 facing away from the substrate 1011 is coplanar with the surface of the light-emitting element 102 facing away from the substrate 1011.

[0157] Specifically, such as Figure 18 As shown, the height of the reflective layer 15 is lower than the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element 102, thereby reducing the obstruction of the reflective layer 15 on the light emitted by the light-emitting element 102 from the wide-viewing-angle light.

[0158] Furthermore, a light-transmitting filling layer 14 is filled on the reflective layer 15 between adjacent light-emitting elements 102. The light-transmitting filling layer 14 can be understood as a highly light-transmitting filling structure disposed on the surface of the reflective layer 15, used to fill gaps, depressions or height differences on the surface of the reflective layer 15, while ensuring efficient light transmission.

[0159] The top surface of the light-transmitting filling layer 14 is at the same height as the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element 102, which flattens the originally recessed surface. This protects the reflective layer 15 and maintains the flatness of the display panel 10 surface, ensuring that light from all areas can be output through the flat interface and avoiding light scattering or diffraction caused by steps.

[0160] In some embodiments, the light-transmitting filling layer 14 may be made of a high-transmittance, low-stress optical material, including but not limited to transparent resin or optical adhesive, whose refractive index can match the material of the light-emitting element 102 to reduce interface reflection loss. This embodiment of the invention does not limit this.

[0161] Figure 19 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of another display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 19 As shown, optionally, the light processing unit 20 includes a reflective polarizer 222. The display panel 10 is a liquid crystal display panel 10A. The display system also includes a backlight 80 disposed opposite to the liquid crystal display panel 10A, and the reflective polarizer 222 is disposed between the display panel 10 and the backlight 80 to enable the liquid crystal display panel 10A to output linearly polarized image light 1 as linearly polarized light 2.

[0162] Specifically, in addition to the Micro-LED and Mini-LED display panels used in the above optional embodiments, the display panel 10 can also be a liquid crystal display panel (LCD).

[0163] Figure 20 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a liquid crystal display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 20 As shown, optionally, the liquid crystal display panel 10A includes an array substrate 101, a pixel electrode 103, a liquid crystal molecular layer 104, and a common electrode 105. The pixel electrode 103 is disposed on the array substrate 101, the common electrode 105 is disposed on the color filter substrate 106, and the liquid crystal molecular layer 104 is sandwiched between the pixel electrode 103 and the common electrode 105. By applying a changing voltage between the pixel electrode 103 and the common electrode 105, a driving electric field is formed. This electric field controls the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal molecular layer 104 to deflect, thereby changing its optical properties, achieving modulation of light, and finally completing the display of the image.

[0164] Since the liquid crystal display panel 10A itself does not have self-emissive properties, the display system also includes a backlight 80 disposed opposite to the liquid crystal display panel 10A to provide uniform illumination.

[0165] In some embodiments, the backlight 80 includes a light source (e.g., an LED strip), a reflector, a light guide plate (LGP), and a diffuser, wherein the light source serves as a light source; the reflector is disposed below the light source to reflect downwardly scattering light back to the light guide direction; the light guide plate is used to receive side-incident light emitted by the light source and uniformly convert the light into a surface light source through its internal microstructure; the diffuser is disposed on the light-emitting side of the light guide plate to further homogenize the light intensity distribution and eliminate bright spots caused by the dots on the light guide plate.

[0166] The backlight 80 is disposed on the side of the substrate 101 of the liquid crystal display panel 10A away from the light-emitting side (i.e., the non-display side). The light emitted by the backlight 80 is guided and diffused before entering the liquid crystal display panel 10A vertically and passing through the pixel electrode 103, the liquid crystal molecular layer 104 and the common electrode 105 in sequence. During this process, the liquid crystal molecular layer 104 changes its optical properties under the control of the electric field. In conjunction with the color filter (usually integrated on the color filter substrate 106), the transmittance and color of each sub-pixel are controlled to finally form a visible color image.

[0167] like Figure 19 As shown, a reflective polarizer 222 is disposed between the backlight 80 and the liquid crystal display panel 10A to convert the unpolarized light emitted from the backlight 80 into initial linearly polarized light O1 (such as S-polarized light), which is then provided as incident light to the liquid crystal display panel 10A. The liquid crystal display panel 10A performs electro-optic modulation based on this linearly polarized light O1, and its output image light 1 is linearly polarized light 2, thereby realizing image display.

[0168] Meanwhile, the reflective polarizer 222 reflects the untransmitted orthogonally polarized light 02 (such as P-polarized light) back to the backlight 80 side. After being scattered by the reflector and light guide plate of the backlight 80, the polarization state of the orthogonally polarized light 02 will be randomized. Some of the orthogonally polarized light 02 (such as P-polarized light) will be transformed into initial linearly polarized light 01 (such as S-polarized light), and then transmitted and output through the reflective polarizer 222, thereby improving the light energy utilization rate.

[0169] This embodiment eliminates the need for an additional polarizer to be installed on the light-emitting side of the liquid crystal display panel 10A to generate polarized light, which helps to simplify the optical structure of the display system.

[0170] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 21 As shown, optionally, the display system also includes an eye-tracking device 90 for acquiring the position information of the human eye.

[0171] The angle adjustment mechanism 30 is communicatively connected to the human eye tracking device 90. It is used to calculate the angle between the human eye's line of sight and the polarized light projection substrate 40 based on the position information, and to determine the target angle of the light processing unit 20 and / or the display panel 10 based on the angle between the human eye's line of sight and the polarized light projection substrate 40, and to adjust the angle of the light processing unit 20 and / or the display panel 10 to the target angle.

[0172] Among them, the human eye tracking device 90 can be understood as an intelligent sensing device that integrates image acquisition, algorithm processing and coordinate positioning. By capturing the physiological characteristics and movement trajectory of the human eye, it calculates and outputs the coordinates of the user's gaze focus in real time.

[0173] In some embodiments, the eye-tracking device 90 may employ an infrared camera, a TOF depth sensor, a millimeter-wave radar, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto, and the embodiments of the present invention do not impose such limitations.

[0174] In some embodiments, the eye-tracking device 90 is installed in a fixed position, and its installation position can be flexibly selected according to the vehicle platform, field of vision obstruction and cost requirements, including but not limited to the center console, sun visor, rearview mirror base or head-mounted device.

[0175] In this embodiment, the human eye tracking device 90 is used to acquire the position information of the human eye 100. The position information of the human eye 100 refers to data that can characterize the state of the driver's eyes in the three-dimensional space inside the vehicle cockpit, including but not limited to three-dimensional spatial coordinates (x, y, z) (using the vehicle or HUD system as a reference frame to describe the physical position of the center of the human eye pupil), gaze direction vector (describing the direction of human eye gaze (such as the direction of looking at a point on the windshield)), head posture angle (including pitch, yaw, and roll angles, used to assist in estimating the gaze) and interpupillary distance and interpupillary distance (used for binocular tracking or virtual image depth calibration) or one or more of these.

[0176] The angle adjustment mechanism 30 is communicatively connected to the eye-tracking device 90 to receive the position information of the human eye 100. The communication connection methods include, but are not limited to:

[0177] Wired communication methods, such as Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, LIN bus, USB, I²C, SPI or Ethernet;

[0178] Wireless communication methods, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, or UWB (Ultra-Wideband).

[0179] In an in-vehicle environment, CAN bus can be used for communication, which has high reliability, strong anti-interference capability and compatibility with vehicle electronic systems.

[0180] It should be noted that the present invention does not limit the specific protocol, physical interface or transmission medium of the communication connection. As long as real-time and stable data transmission can be achieved, and the position information of the human eye tracking device 90 can be effectively transmitted to the control unit of the angle adjustment mechanism 30, it falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0181] The angle adjustment mechanism 30 is configured to receive the position information of the human eye 100 acquired by the human eye tracking device 90. Based on this position information, it calculates the angle between the direction of the human eye's line of sight and the surface of the polarized light projection substrate 40 (such as the first interface 41). In this way, the incident angle of the linearly polarized light 2 at the first interface 41 of the polarized light projection substrate 40 can be calculated (i.e., the angle between the propagation direction of the light when it exits the display panel 10, propagates through the light path, and reaches the first interface 41 and the normal of the interface). Furthermore, based on the above incident angle and the preset first Brewster angle θ, B1 The deviation is used to determine the target angle at which the light processing unit 20 and / or display panel 10 need to be placed. A drive actuator (e.g., a stepper motor, piezoelectric actuator, or voice coil motor) adjusts the actual angle of the light processing unit 20 and / or display panel 10 to the target angle, so that the linearly polarized light 2 moves at a first Brewster angle θ. B1 The light is incident on the first interface 41 of the polarized light projection substrate 40 and directly reflected by the interface before entering the human eye 100, forming a high-contrast virtual image, while suppressing ghosting caused by reflection from the second interface 42.

[0182] In some embodiments, the angle adjustment mechanism 30 includes a drive component (such as a stepper motor, servo motor, or piezoelectric actuator) and a support structure (such as a multi-link mechanism, universal joint, gimbal bracket, or four-point support platform). For example, a motor-driven four-point support angle adjustment bracket can be used to achieve precise angle adjustment of the display panel 10 in the pitch and roll directions by independently or collaboratively controlling the height of the four support points.

[0183] It should be noted that the present invention does not limit the specific structure, driving method, or number of degrees of freedom of the angle adjustment mechanism 30. Whether it is based on mechanical transmission, MEMS micromirrors, voice coil motors, or flexible hinge structures, as long as it can adjust the light processing unit 20 and / or display panel 10 to the target angle that satisfies the first Brewster angle condition according to the position information provided by the human eye tracking device 90, it falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0184] For example, after the driver sits down, the eye-tracking device 90 captures the center coordinates of the driver's pupils and the angle of eye movement in real time using an infrared camera, and calculates the position information of the driver's eye 100 in the vehicle coordinate system (including three-dimensional spatial coordinates and / or line-of-sight vector). This position information is transmitted to the angle adjustment mechanism 30 via a communication link (such as CAN bus or Bluetooth).

[0185] The control unit of the angle adjustment mechanism 30 calculates the required incident angle of the linearly polarized light 2 at the first interface 41 of the polarized light projection substrate 40 based on the received eye position information using a geometric optics model (e.g., projection geometry algorithm, vector dot product method, or ray tracing method), so that the reflected light can accurately enter the eye 100. Further, this incident angle is compared with a preset first Brewster angle θ. B1 The comparison is performed, and the target angle that the light processing unit 20 and / or display panel 10 need to be adjusted is determined accordingly.

[0186] Subsequently, the angle adjustment mechanism 30 drives the actuator (e.g., a motor) to control the movement of the support structure (e.g., a four-point adjustable bracket), and by independently adjusting the height or tilt angle of the four support points of the bracket, the posture of the light processing unit 20 and / or the display panel 10 is precisely adjusted to the target angle.

[0187] When the driver's head moves, the eye-tracking device 90 continuously updates the position information of the eye 100, and the angle adjustment mechanism 30 adjusts accordingly in real time, adjusting the attitude of the light processing unit 20 and / or the display panel 10 so that the linearly polarized light 2 always maintains the first Brewster angle θ. B1 The light is incident on the first interface 41 of the polarized light projection substrate 40, thereby achieving dynamic and precise alignment between the reflected light path and the human eye 100, improving the clarity, contrast and visual stability of the displayed information.

[0188] In this embodiment of the invention, the angle adjustment mechanism 30 can adjust the light processing unit 20, the display panel 10, or both in conjunction, to achieve linearly polarized light 2 at a first Brewster angle θ. B1 The light is incident on the polarized light projection substrate 40. The adjustment order of the light processing unit 20 and the display panel 10 can be determined according to the system design requirements, and there is no fixed order.

[0189] In some embodiments, the overall tilt angle of the display panel 10 is adjusted first, as it directly determines the direction of emitted light, and has a simple structure and fast response.

[0190] In some embodiments, only the orientation of the light processing unit 20 is adjusted while the display panel 10 remains fixed, which is suitable for scenarios where the stability of the display module is critical.

[0191] In some embodiments, such as in a high-precision system, a two-stage linkage adjustment can also be adopted: first, coarsely adjust the display panel 10, and then finely adjust the light processing unit 20, so as to take into account both a wide range of eye-tracking coverage and sub-milliradian angular accuracy.

[0192] The embodiments of the present invention do not restrict the selection of the adjustment object (light processing unit 20 and / or display panel 10) and the order of operation. As long as the linearly polarized light 2 can ultimately meet the Brewster angle incident condition and be accurately reflected to the human eye 100, it falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0193] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of another display system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figures 22-24 As shown, optionally, the display system also includes a collimating lens group 31. The collimating lens group 31 is located in the optical path between the display panel 10 and the polarized light projection substrate 40, and is used to collimate the image light 1 or the linearly polarized light 2.

[0194] The collimating lens group 31 can be understood as an optical component that corrects diverging or converging incident beams into parallel or nearly parallel beams through its own curved optical structure, thereby controlling the beam propagation direction and reducing the divergence angle.

[0195] In this embodiment, a collimating lens group 31 is disposed in the light propagation path between the display panel 10 and the polarized light projection substrate 40 to collimate the image light 1 (or the linearly polarized light 2 modulated by the light processing unit 20) output by the display panel 10, converting it from divergent light into an approximately parallel beam.

[0196] In this embodiment, the uncollimated divergent light beam has a difference in propagation direction between its central ray and peripheral ray, resulting in different local incident angles when it illuminates the first interface 41 of the polarized light projection substrate 40. This means that only a portion of the light rays precisely satisfy the Brewster angle condition, while the remaining rays deviate from this angle, introducing ghosting components. In this embodiment, through the processing of the collimating lens group 100, the propagation direction of light emitted from different positions of the display panel 10 is corrected to be highly consistent, ensuring that most, or even all, of the light beams can be incident at essentially the same angle (i.e., the first Brewster angle θ). B1 The light is incident on the first interface 41, thereby achieving greater reflection efficiency and better ghosting elimination.

[0197] Furthermore, the collimating lens group 31 can be positioned at different locations in the optical path to adapt to different optical architecture requirements.

[0198] In some embodiments, such as Figure 22As shown, the collimating lens group 31 is disposed between the display panel 10 and the light processing unit 20. In this configuration, the collimating lens group 31 collimates the image light 1 directly emitted from the display panel 10, causing it to be incident on the light processing unit 20 in a parallel or near-parallel state, which is beneficial to improving polarization control efficiency.

[0199] In some embodiments, such as Figure 23 As shown, the collimating lens group 31 is disposed between the light processing unit 20 and the polarized light projection substrate 40. At this time, the collimating lens group 31 collimates the linearly polarized light 2 that has undergone polarization modulation, ensuring that it arrives at the first interface 41 of the polarized light projection substrate 40 at a consistent incident angle, thereby ensuring that all linearly polarized light 2 satisfies the first Brewster angle θ. B1 Conditions are met to achieve efficient reflection and ghosting suppression.

[0200] In some embodiments, such as Figure 24 As shown, collimating lens groups 31 are provided between the display panel 10 and the light processing unit 20, and between the light processing unit 20 and the polarized light projection substrate 40, thereby achieving efficient Brewster angle reflection and suppressing ghosting.

[0201] In this embodiment of the invention, the specific position of the collimating lens group 31 in the optical path is not limited. All three of the above arrangements can effectively achieve beam collimation. Technicians can flexibly choose according to system volume, aberration correction requirements, polarization element characteristics and cost factors.

[0202] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of a collimating lens group provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 25 As shown, optionally, the collimating lens group 31 includes a concave lens 311 and a convex lens 312. The concave lens 311 is used to perform preliminary divergence angle control on the diverging image light 1 from the display panel 10, reducing the convergence tendency of the beam or moderately expanding the wavefront, while the convex lens 312 is used to further correct the pre-processed beam into collimated light (i.e., approximately parallel light), making its principal ray direction more consistent.

[0203] In some embodiments, the concave lens 311 is a biconcave lens (i.e., both surfaces are concave), and the convex lens 312 is a biconvex lens (i.e., both surfaces are convex). Along the light propagation direction, the biconcave lens 311 is located upstream of the biconvex lens 312 (closer to the display panel 10 side). This negative-positive lens combination can not only achieve effective collimation, but also correct for spherical aberration, coma, and other inherent aberrations of a single lens to a certain extent, thereby improving image quality.

[0204] Figure 26 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of another display panel provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 26 As shown, optionally, the display panel 10 includes:

[0205] Substrate 1011.

[0206] Multiple light-emitting elements 102 are disposed on the substrate 13.

[0207] Multiple collimating lenses 32 are disposed corresponding to multiple light-emitting elements 102, and the collimating lenses 32 are located on the side of the light-emitting elements 102 away from the substrate 1011.

[0208] Specifically, each collimating lens 32 covers and corresponds to a light-emitting element 102, which is used to perform local collimation processing on the emitted diverging light, converting the light that was originally distributed in a Lambertian shape (half angle can reach more than 60°) into a light beam with a small divergence angle or a near-parallel beam.

[0209] The collimating lens 32 may be part of a microlens array (MLA) and may be directly integrated onto the encapsulation layer of the display panel 10 via semiconductor processes (such as photolithography, thermal reflow, nanoimprinting) or precision injection molding.

[0210] The collimating lens 32 may include, but is not limited to, optical structures with beam control capabilities such as spherical lenses, aspherical lenses, Fresnel lenses, or microcylindrical lenses.

[0211] It should be noted that the present invention does not limit the specific type, surface shape and optical design of the collimating lens 32. As long as it can compress the divergence angle or correct the wavefront of the light emitted by the corresponding light-emitting element 102 to achieve a local collimation effect, it falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0212] Optional, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first Brewster angle θ B1 Satisfying θ B1 =arctan(n4 / n3), and n3 < n4. Where n3 is the refractive index of the medium in which the linearly polarized light 2 is located before it is incident on the polarized light projection substrate 40, and n4 is the refractive index of the polarized light projection substrate 40.

[0213] Wherein, n3 is the refractive index of the medium in which the linearly polarized light 2 is located before it is incident on the image light projection substrate 21 (e.g., air, n1 is about 1).

[0214] n4 is the refractive index of the polarized light projection substrate 40 (e.g., automotive soda-lime glass or laminated windshield, typically about 1.5 to 1.6).

[0215] In this embodiment, the first Brewster angle θ B1 Satisfying θ B1=arctan(n4 / n3), for example, taking the case where n3 is air before the linearly polarized light 2 is incident on the polarized light projection substrate 40, and the polarized light projection substrate 40 is glass (refractive index approximately 1.5) as an example, when the linearly polarized light 2 is incident from air onto the polarized light projection substrate 40 made of glass, the first Brewster angle θ is... B1 Approximately θ B1 =arctan(1.5 / 1)≈56.3°.

[0216] According to the boundary conditions of electromagnetic waves at the interface of a medium, when linearly polarized light 2 moves at the aforementioned first Brewster angle θ... B1 Upon incident light, the reflection coefficient of its P-polarized component (electric field direction parallel to the incident plane) is zero, meaning almost no reflection occurs, while the S-polarized component (electric field direction perpendicular to the incident plane) is reflected. Therefore, the reflected light becomes highly pure S-polarized linearly polarized light, while the transmitted light is rich in P-polarized components.

[0217] Therefore, in this embodiment, the incident angle of the linearly polarized light 2 on the polarized light projection substrate 40 is precisely controlled to be equal to the first Brewster angle θ mentioned above. B1 By utilizing the above physical phenomena, efficient and low-loss linearly polarized light generation can be achieved without the need for an absorptive polarizer.

[0218] Where n3 < n4, to ensure that there is a real solution for the Brewster angle at the interface.

[0219] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a vehicle that includes the display system described in any embodiment of this invention. Therefore, the vehicle provided by this invention has the technical effects of the technical solutions in any of the above embodiments. The explanations of the same or corresponding structures and terms as described in the above embodiments will not be repeated here.

[0220] Optionally, the polarized light projection substrate in the display system is a windshield.

[0221] The windshield can be a single-layer glass or a laminated safety glass (e.g., composed of two layers of glass and an intermediate PVB or EVA film), and at least one of its surfaces (usually the inner surface facing the cockpit, i.e., the first interface) serves as a reflective surface for linearly polarized light, used to reflect image light to the human eye to form a virtual image.

[0222] In this configuration, the display system dynamically controls the incident angle through an angle adjustment mechanism, so that linearly polarized light is incident on the first interface of the windshield at the first Brewster angle, thereby achieving a high-contrast, ghosting-free head-up display while utilizing the existing window structure.

[0223] This embodiment eliminates the need for an additional independent reflector or dedicated combiner inside the vehicle. It directly utilizes the vehicle's existing windshield as the projection surface, reflecting the displayed information into the driver's line of sight. This significantly simplifies the display system's structure, saves interior space, and reduces material costs and assembly complexity.

[0224] Meanwhile, since the displayed image is formed by reflection from the windshield, the virtual image is projected into the driver's field of vision of the road ahead. This allows the driver to keep their eyes focused on the road ahead without having to switch their focus significantly when checking key information such as speed and navigation. This reduces the safety hazards caused by the driver's eyes deviating from the road.

[0225] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, combinations, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display system, characterized in that, include: Display panel, used to generate image light; A light processing unit is used to convert the image light into linearly polarized light; An angle adjustment mechanism, connected to the light processing unit and / or the display panel, is used to adjust the angle of the light processing unit and / or the display panel so that the linearly polarized light is incident on the polarized light projection substrate at a first Brewster angle, and the polarized light projection substrate reflects the linearly polarized light.

2. The display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light processing unit includes an image light projection substrate; The angle adjustment mechanism is also used to adjust the angle of the image light projection substrate and / or the display panel so that the image light is incident on the image light projection substrate at a second Brewster angle and is reflected by the image light projection substrate to form the linearly polarized light.

3. The display system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The image light projection substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the first surface is a plane; The image light is incident on the first surface, reflected at the second Brewster angle to form the linearly polarized light, and refracted to form the first refracted light; The first refracted light is transmitted to the second surface via the interior of the image light projection substrate.

4. The display system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The image light projection substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a microstructure layer is disposed on the first surface; The microstructure layer includes multiple microstructure units, and each microstructure unit includes a first surface and a second surface that intersect each other. The image light is incident on the first surface of the microstructure layer, reflected at the second Brewster angle to form the linearly polarized light, and refracted to form the first refracted light; The first refracted light is transmitted through the interior of the image light projection substrate to the second surface and / or the second surface.

5. The display system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The angle between the second surface and the first surface is greater than the angle between the image light and the first surface.

6. The display system according to claim 4, characterized in that, A first light-absorbing layer is provided on the second surface to absorb the first refracted light.

7. The display system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the image light projection substrate, at least two adjacent microstructure units overlap.

8. The display system according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least two of the microstructure units have different shapes and / or sizes.

9. The display system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microstructure units are arranged non-uniformly in the microstructure layer.

10. The display system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, A second light-absorbing layer is provided on one side of the second surface of the image light projection substrate to absorb the first refracted light.

11. The display system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second Brewster angle θ B2 Satisfying θ B2 =arctan(n2 / n1), and n1 < n2; Wherein, n1 is the refractive index of the medium in which the image light is located before it is incident on the image light projection substrate, and n2 is the refractive index of the image light projection substrate.

12. The display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light processing unit includes a polarizer; The polarizer is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel and is used to convert the image light into the linearly polarized light.

13. The display system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The polarizer includes a transmissive polarizer or a reflective polarizer.

14. The display system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The polarizer is the reflective polarizer; The display panel includes a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in an array, and a reflective layer disposed between adjacent light-emitting elements.

15. The display system according to claim 14, characterized in that, The display panel further includes a substrate, and the light-emitting element and the reflective layer are disposed on one side of the substrate; The surface of the reflective layer facing away from the substrate is not higher than the surface of the light-emitting element facing away from the substrate.

16. The display system according to claim 15, characterized in that, The surface of the reflective layer facing away from the substrate is lower than the surface of the light-emitting element facing away from the substrate. The display panel further includes a light-transmitting filling layer, which is disposed between adjacent light-emitting elements and covers the reflective layer; The surface of the light-transmitting filling layer facing away from the substrate is coplanar with the surface of the light-emitting element facing away from the substrate.

17. The display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light processing unit includes a reflective polarizer; The display panel is a liquid crystal display panel; The display system further includes a backlight source disposed opposite to the liquid crystal display panel, and a reflective polarizer disposed between the display panel and the backlight source, for making the image light output by the liquid crystal display panel linearly polarized as the linearly polarized light.

18. The display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display system also includes an eye-tracking device for acquiring the position information of the human eye; The angle adjustment mechanism is communicatively connected to the human eye tracking device and is used to calculate the angle between the human eye's line of sight and the polarized light projection substrate based on the position information, and to determine the target angle of the light processing unit and / or the display panel based on the angle between the human eye's line of sight and the polarized light projection substrate, and to adjust the angle of the light processing unit and / or the display panel to the target angle.

19. The display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display system also includes a collimating lens group; The collimating lens group is located in the optical path between the display panel and the polarized light projection substrate, and is used to collimate the image light or the linearly polarized light.

20. The display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display panel includes: Substrate; Multiple light-emitting elements disposed on the substrate; Multiple collimating lenses are disposed corresponding to the multiple light-emitting elements, and the collimating lenses are located on the side of the light-emitting elements that is away from the substrate.

21. The display system according to claim 1, characterized in that, First Brewster angle θ B1 Satisfying θ B1 =arctan(n4 / n3), and n3<n4; Wherein, n3 is the refractive index of the medium in which the linearly polarized light is located before it is incident on the polarized light projection substrate, and n4 is the refractive index of the polarized light projection substrate.

22. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the display system according to any one of claims 1-21.

23. The vehicle according to claim 22, characterized in that, The polarized light projection substrate in the display system is a windshield.

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