Phase change energy storage device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a phase change energy storage device, and the device comprises a box body which is provided with an accommodation space; the plurality of batteries are arranged in the accommodating space at intervals, and the batteries are connected with the box body; the phase change heat storage assembly comprises a heat storage cabin and an air pipe, the heat storage cabin is arranged between the adjacent batteries, the air pipe penetrates through the heat storage cabin in the first direction, a phase change material is arranged in the heat storage cabin, the phase change material has the characteristics that heat is absorbed from a solid phase to a liquid phase and released from the liquid phase to the solid phase, and the two ends of the air pipe are connected with the batteries respectively. When the battery is in a working state and emits heat, air around the battery is heated, hot air flows through the air pipe to heat the phase-change material in the heat storage cabin, the phase-change material absorbs heat from a solid phase to a liquid phase, and when the ambient temperature is low, the phase-change material releases heat from the liquid phase to the solid phase, and the hot air flows from the air pipe to the battery to preheat the battery. And the energy utilization rate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of energy storage technology, specifically relating to a phase change energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage devices consist of multiple lithium batteries connected in series, which can rectify excess heat from the power grid into direct current to charge the batteries. In existing energy storage devices, the batteries generate heat and need to be dissipated into the surrounding environment. However, in low-temperature environments, the performance of lithium batteries degrades, requiring energy to preheat them to improve performance. This not only wastes the excess heat generated by the lithium batteries but also increases energy consumption for heating the batteries in low-temperature environments, resulting in low energy efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a phase change energy storage device that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows: This application provides an embodiment of a phase change energy storage device, comprising: The box has a receiving space; Multiple batteries are spaced apart within the housing space, and the batteries are connected to the housing. A phase change thermal energy storage component, comprising: a thermal energy storage chamber and a duct, wherein the thermal energy storage chamber is disposed between adjacent batteries, the duct extends through the thermal energy storage chamber along a first direction, a phase change material is disposed inside the thermal energy storage chamber, the phase change material has the characteristics of absorbing heat from solid phase to liquid phase and releasing heat from liquid phase to solid phase, and both ends of the duct are respectively connected to the batteries.

[0005] Optionally, the phase change energy storage device further includes a battery spacing adjustment component, the battery spacing adjustment component comprising: A first fixing plate is disposed within the accommodating space; A second fixing plate is disposed within the accommodating space, and the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate are parallel to each other. Multiple fixing rods are spaced apart between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate, with one end of each fixing rod connected to the first fixing plate and the other end connected to the second fixing plate. Multiple movable plates are spaced apart on the fixed rod along a second direction, and the movable plates are slidably connected to the fixed rod; Multiple heat sinks are disposed between the first fixed plate and the second fixed plate. Each heat sink has a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other along a third direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. The first end is connected to one of the movable plates, and the second end is connected to another movable plate. Multiple batteries are disposed at intervals along the third direction of the heat sink.

[0006] Optionally, the battery spacing adjustment assembly further includes: A screw is disposed on the movable plate, passes through the movable plate and abuts against the fixed rod, and is threadedly connected to the movable plate.

[0007] Optionally, the phase change energy storage device further includes: Multiple support blocks are provided on one end of the second fixing plate away from the heat sink, and the support blocks are connected to the second fixing plate.

[0008] Optionally, the phase change energy storage device further includes: A temperature distribution plate is disposed on the opposite end face of an adjacent battery and is connected to the battery. Multiple fins are disposed between adjacent heat exchange plates and spaced apart along a second direction. The fins are connected to the heat exchange plates, and the heat exchange plates are connected to the air duct.

[0009] Optionally, the phase change energy storage device further includes: A heat dissipation vent is located on the side of the battery away from the air duct, and the heat dissipation vent is connected to the heat sink. A fan is mounted on the heat sink and connected to the heat sink, and the fan corresponds to the fins.

[0010] Optionally, the phase change energy storage device further includes a coolant circulation and heat dissipation assembly, the coolant circulation and heat dissipation assembly comprising: A partition is disposed within the accommodating space. The partition has a third end and a fourth end disposed opposite to each other along a third direction. The third end is connected to a first fixed plate and a second fixed plate, respectively. A liquid cooling box, wherein the liquid cooling box is disposed on the fourth end and connected to the fourth end; A liquid outlet pipe is provided on the liquid cooling tank. One end of the liquid outlet pipe is connected to the liquid cooling tank, and the other end of the liquid outlet pipe extends through the partition into the heat dissipation vent. A return pipe is provided on the liquid cooling tank. One end of the return pipe is connected to the liquid cooling tank, and the other end of the return pipe extends through the partition into the heat dissipation vent and is connected to the other end of the outlet pipe.

[0011] Optionally, the coolant circulation and heat dissipation assembly further includes: The first door is rotatably connected to the liquid cooling box.

[0012] Optionally, the phase change energy storage device further includes a water supply component, the water supply component comprising: A water storage tank is disposed on the fourth end and connected to the fourth end; A support platform is provided on the box body and extends into the box body to connect with the water storage tank; The first faucet is threadedly connected to the support platform and is connected to the water storage tank. The second faucet is threadedly connected to the support platform; A water inlet pipe is installed on the water storage tank. One end of the water inlet pipe is connected to the water storage tank, and the other end of the water inlet pipe extends through the partition into the thermal storage chamber. A water outlet pipe is installed on the water storage tank. One end of the water outlet pipe is connected to the other end of the water inlet pipe, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is connected to a second faucet.

[0013] Optionally, the water supply assembly further includes: The second door is rotatably connected to the water storage tank.

[0014] Optionally, the phase change energy storage device further includes: Top cover, which is connected to the thermal storage chamber; The bottom cover is connected to the thermal storage chamber.

[0015] Optionally, the phase change energy storage device further includes: The casters are connected to the bottom cover.

[0016] Optionally, the phase change energy storage device further includes: The third door is rotatably connected to the box body.

[0017] In the embodiments of this application, when the battery is in operation and generates heat, the air around the battery is heated, and the hot airflow passes through the duct to heat the phase change material in the heat storage chamber. The phase change material absorbs heat and changes from a solid phase to a liquid phase. When the ambient temperature is low, the phase change material releases heat and changes from a liquid phase to a solid phase. The hot airflow flows from the duct to the battery to preheat the battery and improve energy utilization.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a phase change energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal storage chamber in a phase change energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery spacing adjustment component in a phase change energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation vent and water storage tank in a phase change energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the partition and liquid cooling box in a phase change energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first and second doors in a phase change energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a phase change energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application; Reference numerals: 1-Box body; 2-Battery; 3-Heat storage chamber; 4-Air duct; 5-First fixing plate; 6-Second fixing plate; 7-Fixing rod; 8-Moving plate; 9-Heat dissipation plate; 10-Screw; 11-Support block; 12-Heat distribution plate; 13-Fin; 14-Heat dissipation radiator; 15-Fan; 16-Baffle; 17-Liquid cooling box; 18-Liquid outlet pipe; 19-Liquid return pipe; 20-First box door; 21-Water storage tank; 22-Support platform; 23-First faucet; 24-Second faucet; 25-Water inlet pipe; 26-Water outlet pipe; 27-Second box door; 28-Top cover; 29-Bottom cover; 30-Universal caster wheel; 31-Third box door. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. Examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] Reference Figures 1 to 7 This application illustrates a phase change energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present application, comprising: Box 1, which has a receiving space; Multiple batteries 2 are spaced apart within the accommodating space, and the batteries 2 are connected to the housing 1; A phase change thermal energy storage component includes a thermal storage chamber 3 and a duct 4. The thermal storage chamber 3 is disposed between adjacent batteries 2. The duct 4 penetrates the thermal storage chamber 3 along a first direction. A phase change material is disposed inside the thermal storage chamber 3. The phase change material has the characteristic of absorbing heat from a solid phase to a liquid phase and releasing heat from a liquid phase to a solid phase. Both ends of the duct 4 are connected to the batteries 2. The phase change material can be paraffin wax, calcium chloride hexahydrate, nitrates, etc.

[0025] In the embodiments of this application, when the battery 2 is in working condition and generates heat, the air around the battery 2 is heated, and the hot airflow passes through the air duct 4 to heat the phase change material in the heat storage chamber 3. The phase change material absorbs heat and changes from a solid phase to a liquid phase. When the ambient temperature is low, the phase change material releases heat and changes from a liquid phase to a solid phase. The hot airflow flows from the air duct 4 to the battery to preheat the battery 2, thereby improving energy utilization.

[0026] Specifically, in this embodiment, during the charging and discharging process, battery 2 continuously generates heat due to internal chemical reactions and internal resistance, causing its own temperature to rise. This heat is conducted to the heat storage chamber 3, which is tightly connected to the battery. The phase change material within the heat storage chamber 3 absorbs this heat, and its temperature rises slowly before reaching the phase change point. When the temperature reaches the phase change point, the phase change material begins to undergo a solid-liquid phase change. During this phase change process, the phase change material absorbs a large amount of heat while its own temperature changes little, effectively preventing a rapid rise in the temperature of battery 2 and maintaining the battery temperature within a safe range. When battery 2 stops working and its temperature begins to drop, if the phase change material is still in a liquid or semi-liquid state, it will begin to release its stored latent heat to battery 2, slowing down the rate of temperature decrease and providing insulation in cold environments. In low-temperature environments, the melted phase change material evenly transfers heat to battery 2, preheating it and ensuring that battery 2 starts up within its optimal temperature range, avoiding capacity decay and safety hazards caused by low-temperature charging and discharging. Phase change materials (PCMs) limit the battery's maximum temperature to near the phase change point, reducing the risk of thermal runaway due to overheating. PCMs can absorb heat from localized overheating points in the battery and transfer it to cooler areas, improving the temperature uniformity of the entire battery pack. Smaller temperature differences contribute to better performance consistency across multiple batteries, extending overall lifespan.

[0027] In the embodiments of this application, although the chemical properties of the various phase change materials differ, their core working principle is the same: utilizing the phase change that occurs at a specific temperature to absorb or release a large amount of latent heat. When the ambient temperature rises to the melting point of the phase change material, the material changes from solid to liquid. During this process, it absorbs a large amount of heat while its own temperature remains almost constant, thus storing thermal energy. When the ambient temperature drops to the freezing point of the phase change material, it changes back from liquid to solid. During this process, it releases the previously absorbed latent heat while its own temperature again remains almost constant, thus maintaining heat or releasing thermal energy. The phase change material in the heat storage chamber 3 undergoes a solid-liquid phase change when the battery 2 generates heat, stabilizing the battery temperature near the phase change point by absorbing latent heat. For example, paraffin can absorb 200 kJ / kg of heat in the range of 45-60℃, which is 222 times that of the same mass of aluminum. This narrows the temperature fluctuation of the battery pack from ±4.2℃ to ±1.5℃, significantly delaying the thermal runaway process. Paraffin wax is suitable for precision temperature control and thermal management in low to medium temperatures. It boasts advantages such as good chemical stability, resistance to decomposition, minimal or no supercooling, good cycle stability, low corrosivity, low requirements for container materials, and low cost. However, its extremely low thermal conductivity necessitates the addition of thermal conductivity enhancers; it is prone to leakage in its liquid state, requiring encapsulation; it is flammable, posing safety hazards; and it exhibits significant volume changes during phase transition. Calcium chloride hexahydrate offers advantages such as very high latent heat of phase transition, high heat storage density, and thermal conductivity typically higher than organic compounds, along with low cost. However, it suffers from severe supercooling, requiring the addition of nucleating agents; it is prone to phase separation, necessitating the addition of thickeners; it is highly corrosive, requiring specific containers; and it may fail after long-term cycling. Nitrates are suitable for high temperatures, commonly between 150-300°C. Their advantages include high operating temperature, high latent heat, high heat storage density, and low cost. However, they are highly corrosive, requiring special containers such as stainless steel; they have a high freezing point, requiring antifreeze protection at low temperatures; and they are prone to oxidation and decomposition at high temperatures, requiring a protective atmosphere.

[0028] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the phase change energy storage device further includes a battery spacing adjustment component, the battery spacing adjustment component comprising: A first fixing plate 5 is disposed within the accommodating space; The second fixing plate 6 is disposed within the accommodating space, and the first fixing plate 5 and the second fixing plate 6 are parallel. Multiple fixing rods 7 are spaced apart between the first fixing plate 5 and the second fixing plate 6. One end of each fixing rod 7 is connected to the first fixing plate 5, and the other end of each fixing rod 7 is connected to the second fixing plate 6. Multiple movable plates 8 are spaced apart on the fixed rod 7 along a second direction, and the movable plates 8 are slidably connected to the fixed rod 7; Multiple heat sinks 9 are disposed between the first fixed plate 5 and the second fixed plate 6. Each heat sink 9 has a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other along a third direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. The first end is connected to one of the movable plates 8, and the second end is connected to another movable plate 8. Multiple batteries 2 are disposed at intervals along the third direction of the heat sink 9.

[0029] In the embodiments of this application, the first fixing plate 5, the second fixing plate 6, and multiple fixing rods 7 together constitute a robust main frame installed inside the housing 1, providing a stable foundation. When it is necessary to adjust the spacing between the batteries, the moving plate 8 is driven to slide along the fixing rods 7. When adjusted to the desired position, the position of the moving plate 8 is locked and fixed, at which point the battery 2 can be placed in the slots between the heat dissipation plates 9. Multiple batteries 2 are spaced apart along the third direction of the heat dissipation plate 9, ensuring good spacing between the batteries, which helps airflow and ensures good heat dissipation of the battery 2. The large surface contact between the heat dissipation plate 9 and the battery 2 allows the heat generated by the battery to be conducted away through the heat dissipation plate 9, improving heat dissipation efficiency. The battery spacing adjustment component can be adapted to batteries of different thicknesses, capacities, and even chemical systems, as long as their planar dimensions meet the specifications of the heat dissipation plate 9, thus having a wide range of applications. For batteries with high heat generation, the spacing can be increased; for batteries with low heat generation, the spacing can be decreased, making the structure more compact and allowing more batteries to be installed in the same housing volume, thereby increasing the volumetric energy density of the entire system. After the first fixing plate 5, the second fixing plate 6, the fixing rod 7, the moving plate 8, and the heat dissipation plate 9 are adjusted and locked, they form a very robust cage structure that can provide strong constraints and protection for the internal battery pack. This structure can effectively resist vibration and impact, prevent the battery from shifting or deforming under harsh working conditions, and improve the safety and reliability of the device.

[0030] Optionally, in this embodiment, the battery spacing adjustment component further includes: Screw 10 is disposed on the movable plate 8, the screw 10 passes through the movable plate 8 and abuts against the fixed rod 7, and the screw 10 is threadedly connected to the movable plate 8.

[0031] In the embodiments of this application, when it is necessary to adjust the battery spacing, the operator uses a tool to loosen screw 10 counterclockwise. As screw 10 is unscrewed, its end disengages from the surface of the fixing rod 7, releasing the restraint on the moving plate 8. At this time, the friction between the moving plate 8 and the fixing rod 7 is greatly reduced, allowing the operator to slide the moving plate 8 along the fixing rod 7, thereby moving the heat sink 9 and changing the battery spacing. After the moving plate 8 is slid to the predetermined position, the operator tightens screw 10 clockwise. Under the push of the thread, screw 10 moves towards the fixing rod 7, and its tip finally presses tightly against the outer surface of the fixing rod 7, thereby firmly locking the moving plate 8 in the current position. The locking force generated by tightening screw 8 can ensure that the moving plate 8 and the entire heat sink frame remain stable under the long-term vibration and impact generated by equipment operation, reducing the occurrence of accidental displacement. The tool is sufficient for operation, and the adjustment process requires no disassembly of any parts, achieving stepless adjustment. The operator can lock the moving plate 8 at any position, not just limited to a few preset positions, providing adjustment flexibility. Compared to drilling holes in the fixing rods and using pins for fixation, the screw tightening method does not cause structural damage to the fixing rods. The fixing rod 7 always maintains a completely smooth surface, and its mechanical strength and fatigue life are unaffected. At the same time, it avoids stress concentration problems caused by drilling. Multiple screws 10 can be installed on each moving plate 8. By independently tightening these screws, the moving plate 8 can be locked in place with all the fixing rods 7, ensuring uniform stress on the entire frame and preventing deflection or warping that may occur due to single-point tightening. If the screws 10 wear or are damaged due to long-term use, they can be easily replaced, resulting in low maintenance costs.

[0032] Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, a rigid main frame consisting of a first fixed plate 5, a second fixed plate 6, and multiple fixed rods 7 is fixed inside the housing, providing a stable foundation for the entire adjustable system. During adjustment, the operator first loosens the screws 10 mounted on the movable plate 8. These screws can be designed with set screws; after loosening, their ends separate from the surface of the fixed rods 7, releasing the frictional lock on the movable plate 8. The operator can then slide the movable plate 8 along the length of the fixed rods 7. Since the movable plate 8 and the fixed rods 7 are slidably connected, operation can also be smooth using linear bearings or smooth bushings. The first and second ends of each heat sink 9 are respectively connected to two different movable plates 8. Therefore, when the movable plate 8 slides, it directly drives the heat sink 9 to move, thereby changing the parallel distance between adjacent heat sinks 9. After adjusting to the predetermined position, the operator tightens the screws 10, causing their ends to press firmly against the fixed rods 7. Through the generated huge static friction force, the movable plate 8 is firmly locked onto the fixed rods 7, and the entire frame becomes a rigid whole again. For high-rate batteries with high heat generation, the spacing can be increased, and a thicker phase change heat storage chamber 3 can be installed, thereby increasing the amount of phase change material used and improving the system's total heat capacity and transient thermal shock buffering capacity. For applications with lower heat generation, the spacing can be decreased, making the structure more compact and installing more batteries within the same housing volume, thus optimizing the overall system's volumetric energy density. Through precise adjustment, it can be ensured that the two large surfaces of the battery and the heat sink 9, as well as the phase change heat storage components located between the batteries, achieve close contact, maximizing thermal conductivity and reducing contact thermal resistance.

[0033] Optionally, in embodiments of this application, the phase change energy storage device further includes: Multiple support blocks 11 are provided on one end of the second fixing plate 6 away from the heat sink 9, and the support blocks 11 are connected to the second fixing plate 6.

[0034] In the embodiments of this application, by adding multiple support blocks 11, these discrete, protruding support blocks 11 form contact with the bottom plate of the housing 1, establishing a clear and stable installation reference point for the entire frame. During transportation or use, impacts and vibrations from the bottom of the housing are first transmitted to the support blocks 11, and then transmitted and dispersed by the support blocks 11 to the second fixing plate 6 and the frame structure, preventing excessive stress concentration in a localized area of ​​the housing or frame. The support blocks 11 create a gap between the second fixing plate 6 and the bottom plate of the housing 1, forming a bottom air duct that facilitates airflow and improves battery heat dissipation efficiency. The multiple support blocks 11 provide a stable and torsional support for the frame, reducing the risk of bending deformation under stress. The support blocks 11 provide positioning during installation, facilitating the quick and accurate placement of the battery-thermal management module into the correct position within the housing 1, and also provide clearer stress points for hoisting and handling. If the bottom plate of the housing 1 has slight unevenness or manufacturing tolerances, the discrete support blocks 11 provide better fault tolerance for the entire surface contact. This can be compensated for by adjusting the height of the support blocks 11 or adding shims, ensuring the frame is installed horizontally. If battery heat is conducted to the second fixing plate 6 through the frame, the support blocks 11 can reduce heat conduction from the second fixing plate 6 to the bottom of the housing 1, which helps to reduce the external temperature of the housing and improve safety.

[0035] Optionally, in embodiments of this application, the phase change energy storage device further includes: A temperature distribution plate 12 is disposed on the opposite end face of an adjacent battery 2, and the temperature distribution plate 12 is connected to the battery 2; Multiple fins 13 are disposed between adjacent heat exchange plates 12 and are spaced apart along a second direction. The fins 13 are connected to the heat exchange plates 12, and the heat exchange plates 12 are connected to the air duct 4.

[0036] In the embodiments of this application, the heat spreader 12 is disposed on the opposite end face of adjacent batteries 2, that is, in direct and close contact with the largest surface of battery 2. When the battery is working, its surface generates heat. The heat spreader 12 has a high thermal conductivity, which efficiently removes the heat from the battery. Uneven heat generation may occur on the surface of battery 2, forming local hot spots. The heat spreader 12 can transfer the heat from these hot spots to the entire surface, making the temperature of the entire battery surface in contact with it very uniform, thus improving the temperature consistency of the battery. Multiple fins 13 are vertically mounted between two adjacent heat spreaders 12. These fins are tightly connected to the heat spreader 12, forming a large extended heat dissipation surface area. The heat absorbed from the surface of battery 2 and evenly distributed onto the heat spreader 12 is rapidly conducted to each fin 13 connected to it. Fins 13 are located in the flow channel of the air duct 4 that runs through the heat storage chamber 3. When active air cooling is activated, cooling air flows through the heat spreader 12 and fins 13. Due to the large heat exchange area provided by fins 13, strong convective heat transfer occurs between the airflow and fins 13. The heat on fins 13 is efficiently carried away, rapidly reducing the temperature of fins 13, which in turn cools the heat spreader 12, continuously providing cooling for the battery 2. Through the combination of heat spreader 12 and fins 13, the heat dissipation method of the battery is changed from the traditional slow surface conduction to efficient surface collection, and heat dissipation is achieved through three-dimensional enhanced convection, improving the heat dissipation capacity of the device and enabling it to cope with high-rate charge and discharge conditions. Heat spreader 12 can quickly smooth out the small temperature differences on the surface of battery 2 and between batteries, ensuring that the entire battery pack is maintained within the operating temperature range. This is crucial for delaying battery degradation and improving overall performance and lifespan.

[0037] Optionally, in embodiments of this application, the phase change energy storage device further includes: A heat dissipation vent 14 is disposed on the side of the battery 2 away from the air duct 4, and the heat dissipation vent 14 is connected to the heat dissipation plate 9; Fan 15 is mounted on the heat sink 14 and connected to the heat sink 14. Fan 15 corresponds to the fins 13.

[0038] In the embodiments of this application, the heat generated by the battery 2 during operation is transferred to the heat spreader 12 through the battery surface, then through the fins 13, and finally carried away by the air flowing through the duct 4. Simultaneously, the heat is conducted to the heat spreader 9 through the contact surface between the battery 2 and the heat sink 9, and then directed to the surrounding environment. The heat sink 14 is fixed to the heat sink 9 on the side of the battery 2 away from the duct 4, allowing the heat collected by the heat sink 9 to be directly conducted to the heat sink 14, which is tightly connected to it. The heat sink 14 is a metal component with many densely packed fins, increasing the effective heat dissipation area in contact with the air and improving heat dissipation efficiency. A fan 15 is mounted on the heat sink 14. When the fan 15 is activated, it blows ambient air through the gaps between the multiple fins 13, allowing efficient convection heat exchange between the air and the surfaces of the multiple fins 13, rapidly carrying away the heat from the fins 13, thereby continuously reducing the temperature of the fins 13, the heat spreader 12, and the battery area in contact with them. The peak heat dissipation power of the device is increased by the heat sink 14 and the fan 15, enabling the device to cope with overheating of the battery due to insufficient heat dissipation under extreme operating conditions.

[0039] Specifically, in the embodiments of this application, the cooling fan 15 is turned on, and the cooling fan 15 carries away the heat from the heat spreader 12 and the fins 13, which enters the heat storage chamber 3 through the air duct 4. When the temperature of the hot air is high, it is introduced into the heat storage chamber 3, and the phase change material absorbs heat and liquefies for storage. When the temperature of the hot air is low, the phase change material solidifies and releases heat to heat up the battery in the housing 1 and to keep the battery 2 warm. The air duct 4 is attracted to the magnet on the heat spreader 12 by a magnet, which facilitates installation and disassembly.

[0040] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the phase change energy storage device further includes a coolant circulation and heat dissipation assembly, the coolant circulation and heat dissipation assembly comprising: Partition 16 is disposed within the accommodating space. Partition 16 has a third end and a fourth end disposed opposite to each other along a third direction. The third end is connected to the first fixing plate 5 and the second fixing plate 6, respectively. Liquid cooling box 17, the liquid cooling box 17 is disposed on the fourth end, and the liquid cooling box 17 is connected to the fourth end; Liquid outlet pipe 18 is provided on the liquid cooling box 17. One end of the liquid outlet pipe 18 is connected to the liquid cooling box 17, and the other end of the liquid outlet pipe 18 extends through the partition 16 into the heat dissipation vent 14. A return pipe 19 is provided on the liquid cooling box 17. One end of the return pipe 19 is connected to the liquid cooling box 17, and the other end of the return pipe 19 extends through the partition 16 into the heat dissipation radiator 14 and is connected to the other end of the outlet pipe 18.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, the heat generated by battery 2 is transferred to heat sink 14 via heat sink 9. A drive pump is installed inside the liquid cooling tank 17. The low-temperature coolant inside the liquid cooling tank 17 is pressurized by the drive pump and pumped into the flow channel inside the heat sink 14 through the outlet pipe 18. As the coolant flows through the heat sink 14, it undergoes efficient convective heat exchange with the high-temperature metal of the heat sink. Because the specific heat capacity of liquid is much larger than that of air, it can carry away the heat from the heat sink 14 with extremely high efficiency, thereby rapidly reducing the temperature of the heat sink 14. The liquid cooling tank 17 is equipped with active cooling components such as an evaporator, compressor, and condenser, which can dissipate the heat brought back by the coolant into the ambient air. A finned heat exchanger can be installed inside the liquid cooling tank 17, and a fan can be used to dissipate the heat into the ambient air. A semiconductor refrigeration chip can also be integrated inside the liquid cooling tank 17 to cool the coolant, keeping its temperature below the ambient temperature. Liquid cooling offers higher heat dissipation efficiency and power than air cooling, enabling the device to handle extreme conditions such as continuous ultra-high rate discharge and rapid charging in high-temperature environments, completely resolving the battery overheating bottleneck. The coolant flowing within the channels ensures a highly uniform temperature distribution across the entire heat sink 14. This temperature uniformity is transferred inversely to the heat sink 9 and the battery 2, reducing the temperature difference among all batteries in the battery pack and contributing to improved battery life and performance. While the efficiency of air-cooled systems is greatly affected by ambient temperature, with a sharp drop in heat dissipation capacity at high temperatures, liquid cooling systems are less affected by environmental conditions, ensuring stable and powerful heat dissipation performance under various ambient temperatures. Under moderate loads, quiet and efficient heat dissipation can be achieved primarily through the coolant circulation system, eliminating the need for high-speed fans and achieving low-noise, low-energy operation.

[0042] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the coolant circulation and heat dissipation assembly further includes: The first door 20 is rotatably connected to the liquid cooling box 17.

[0043] In the embodiments of this application, the first door 20 is rotatably connected to the body of the liquid cooling tank 17 via a hinge, latch, or similar structure, allowing it to be opened and closed. When closed, the door is tightly sealed to the liquid cooling tank 17 via a lock, latch, or bolt. A sealing ring is provided on the edge of the first door 20 that contacts the body 1 to ensure a tight seal when closed. When maintenance of the liquid cooling system is required, the operator can unlock the door and rotate it to open it, directly exposing the internal space of the liquid cooling tank 17 for adding or replacing coolant, or inspecting internal components for repair or replacement. The liquid cooling tank 17 is a sealed welded component. The first door 20 simplifies, speeds up, and reduces the cost of maintenance throughout its lifecycle. The coolant can be replaced regularly and conveniently, maintaining it in optimal condition and preventing system corrosion, scaling, and efficiency loss due to coolant performance degradation, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the liquid cooling system. Operators can open the first tank door 20 at any time to check the coolant level, promptly detect and replenish the coolant level caused by natural evaporation or minor leakage, and avoid pump idling and heat dissipation failure due to insufficient coolant, which could lead to battery overheating.

[0044] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the phase change energy storage device further includes a water supply component, the water supply component comprising: Water storage tank 21, the water storage tank 21 is disposed on the fourth end, and the water storage tank 21 is connected to the fourth end; A support platform 22 is provided on the housing 1 and extends into the housing 1 to connect with the water storage tank 21. The first faucet 23 is threadedly connected to the support platform 22 and is connected to the water storage tank 21. The second faucet 24 is threadedly connected to the support platform 22; Water inlet pipe 25 is installed on the water storage tank 21. One end of the water inlet pipe 25 is connected to the water storage tank 21, and the other end of the water inlet pipe 25 extends through the partition 16 into the heat storage chamber 3. Water outlet pipe 26 is installed on the water storage tank 21. One end of the water outlet pipe 26 is connected to the other end of the water inlet pipe 25, and the other end of the water outlet pipe 26 is connected to the second faucet 24.

[0045] In the embodiments of this application, the waste heat generated by the operation of multiple batteries 2 is absorbed by the phase change material in the heat storage chamber 3. Even if the batteries 2 stop working, the phase change material will still maintain a high temperature for a period of time during the process of releasing heat from liquid solidification, becoming a stable heat reservoir. A water pump is installed in the water storage tank 21. The water pump provides power so that the cold water in the water storage tank 21 flows into the pipe that runs through the interior of the heat storage chamber 3 through the water inlet pipe 25. When the water flows through this high-temperature area, it undergoes efficient heat exchange with the phase change material, and the water temperature rises rapidly. The heated hot water flows out from the water outlet pipe 26. When the user opens the second faucet 24, the prepared hot water can flow out for direct use. The first faucet 23 is directly connected to the water storage tank 21. When the user opens the first faucet 23, the unheated room temperature drinking water or domestic water from the water storage tank 21 flows out. The first faucet 23 provides room temperature water, and the second faucet 24 provides hot water heated by the waste heat of the batteries 2. Water. This converts the waste heat that inevitably occurs during battery operation and usually requires additional energy to dissipate into valuable hot water, achieving cascaded energy utilization and improving the overall energy efficiency of the entire device. In outdoor scenarios, it can provide hot water at any time for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and washing, greatly enhancing the practicality and comfort of the device. The water supply component actually forms an auxiliary water-cooling heat dissipation circuit. When hot water is used, it continuously removes heat from the heat storage chamber 3, further enhancing the system's heat dissipation capacity, especially under continuous high-load conditions, helping the phase change material cool and regenerate more quickly, thereby maintaining the long-term stability of the entire battery thermal management system.

[0046] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the water supply component further includes: The second door 27 is rotatably connected to the water storage tank 21.

[0047] In the embodiments of this application, the second door 27 is rotatably connected to the body of the water storage tank 21 via a hinge or latch. When closed, it is secured by a door lock or buckle, and a sealing ring ensures the watertightness of the water storage tank, preventing water leakage and the entry of dust and contaminants. When maintenance of the water storage tank is required, opening the second door 27 directly exposes the internal space of the water storage tank 21. Long-term storage of drinking water may lead to algae or bacteria growth on the inner wall of the water storage tank 21. The second door 27 allows personnel to directly enter the interior for thorough cleaning, scrubbing, and disinfection, ensuring water hygiene. Opening the second door 27 allows personnel to inspect the inner wall for corrosion, cracks, or deposits. The water storage tank contains a float valve, level sensor, or filter, which can be inspected or replaced by opening the second door 27. The second door 27 facilitates regular cleaning, preventing water quality problems caused by contamination of the water storage tank 21 and ensuring the health and safety of users. The second door 27 facilitates cleaning and maintenance, preventing the accumulation of deposits such as scale and biological slime. These deposits not only affect hygiene but can also clog pipes, corrode the tank, or interfere with the normal operation of the level sensor. Through the second door 27, users or maintenance personnel can easily check the water level and quality in the tank and perform simple cleaning.

[0048] Optionally, in embodiments of this application, the phase change energy storage device further includes: Top cover 28, which is connected to the thermal storage chamber 3; Bottom cover 29, which is connected to the thermal storage chamber 3.

[0049] In the embodiments of this application, the thermal storage chamber 3 is a container for containing liquid phase change material. The top cover 28 and bottom cover 29 are tightly connected to the top and bottom openings of the thermal storage chamber 3, respectively, forming a complete and sealed container unit together with the side walls of the thermal storage chamber 3 to ensure that no leakage occurs when the phase change material melts into a liquid. When the phase change material changes from a solid to a liquid state, its volume may expand slightly, generating pressure on the inner wall of the container. The robust top cover 28 and bottom cover 29, together with the thermal storage chamber 3, bear this periodically changing internal stress, preventing deformation or damage to the container. If the molten liquid phase change material leaks, it may cause an electrical short circuit, contaminate the internal components of the device, and result in a loss of thermal management capabilities. The top cover and bottom cover, by forming a reliable seal, prevent leakage accidents. The top cover 28 and bottom cover 29 make the thermal storage chamber 3 a robust rigid unit, better able to withstand the pressure from the battery, the stress during assembly, and various loads under vibration and impact environments, thus improving the stability of the device. The excellent sealing structure effectively prevents the phase change material from coming into contact with air, thereby avoiding potential degradation problems such as oxidation, moisture absorption, and pollution. This ensures that the phase change material's long-term stable thermophysical properties remain unchanged, extending its service life.

[0050] Optionally, in embodiments of this application, the phase change energy storage device further includes: The caster wheel 30 is connected to the bottom cover 29.

[0051] In the embodiments of this application, multiple casters 30 are fixedly mounted on the bottom cover 29 via brackets, bolts, and other connecting components. The bottom cover 29 is connected to the thermal storage chamber 3 and the entire internal frame. The casters 30 bear the weight of the entire phase change energy storage device. The casters 30 typically contain ball bearings to ensure smooth rotation. When the phase change energy storage device needs to be moved, the user only needs to apply a pushing force. Because the casters convert the huge sliding friction into small rolling friction, even very heavy equipment can be easily pushed. Each caster 30 has a horizontal rotation axis between its bracket and the wheel, allowing the wheel to rotate 360 ​​degrees horizontally. Regardless of the direction from which the user pushes the device, the casters 30 can automatically adjust to the direction of movement, enabling flexible operations such as straight movement, diagonal movement, and rotation in place. During initial installation or subsequent maintenance of the phase change energy storage device, technicians can easily pull out the entire device for convenient operation from various angles, reducing the difficulty and time cost of installation and maintenance. Directly dragging the phase change energy storage device would severely wear down the bottom wall of the housing 1. The casters 30 provide ground clearance and enable smooth movement, effectively protecting both the device and the housing. Due to its ease of movement, the phase change energy storage device does not need to occupy a fixed location. When not in use, it can be moved to a corner or an inconspicuous place for storage, optimizing space utilization.

[0052] Optionally, in embodiments of this application, the phase change energy storage device further includes: The third door 31 is rotatably connected to the box body 1.

[0053] In the embodiments of this application, the third door 31 is rotatably connected to the housing 1 via a hinge or other structure, allowing it to open and close. When closed, it is tightly sealed to the housing 1 via a door lock, bolts, or a snap-fit ​​mechanism. A sealing strip is provided at the edge of the third door 31 that contacts the housing 1 to ensure the housing's airtightness. The third door 31 isolates all core sub-components, such as the battery, thermal management system, and water supply, from the external environment, providing protection, dustproofing, moisture protection, sound insulation, and safety isolation. When a comprehensive inspection, maintenance, or operation is required, the user can open the third door 31 to access the battery spacing adjustment assembly, phase change thermal storage assembly, duct system, heat spreader and fins, and even some of the liquid cooling and water supply piping, to perform a comprehensive inspection of the battery pack, clean internal dust, and check wiring connections. As a well-sealed main door, the third door 31 effectively prevents dust, foreign objects, and moisture from entering the housing, protecting the delicate internal electrical components and metal parts from corrosion and short-circuit threats, enabling the device to adapt to more complex and demanding working environments. During operation, the tightly closed third door 31 physically isolates the high-voltage battery system from operators, preventing accidental electric shock. In extreme cases, if an internal malfunction occurs, such as a battery leak, the robustly sealed third door 31 can act as a safety barrier, containing the risk within the enclosure for a certain period, preventing the spread of fire, or buying time for personnel evacuation. The third door 31 can be locked to prevent unauthorized personnel from accessing and operating the equipment. During the production and assembly phases, the fully open third door 31 provides optimal operating space for automated robotic arms or workers, allowing for the efficient installation and securing of various sub-modules in the correct positions within the enclosure, improving production efficiency and assembly quality.

[0054] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A phase change energy storage device, characterized in that, include: The box (1) has a receiving space; Multiple batteries (2) are spaced apart within the accommodating space, and the batteries (2) are connected to the housing (1); A phase change thermal storage component, comprising: a thermal storage chamber (3) and a duct (4), wherein the thermal storage chamber (3) is disposed between adjacent batteries (2), the duct (4) extends through the thermal storage chamber (3) in a first direction, the thermal storage chamber (3) is provided with a phase change material, the phase change material having the characteristics of absorbing heat from solid phase to liquid phase and releasing heat from liquid phase to solid phase, and the two ends of the duct (4) are respectively connected to the batteries (2).

2. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change energy storage device further includes a battery spacing adjustment component, which includes: The first fixing plate (5) is disposed within the accommodating space; The second fixing plate (6) is disposed within the accommodating space, and the first fixing plate (5) and the second fixing plate (6) are parallel to each other; Multiple fixing rods (7) are spaced apart between the first fixing plate (5) and the second fixing plate (6). One end of each fixing rod (7) is connected to the first fixing plate (5), and the other end of each fixing rod (7) is connected to the second fixing plate (6). Multiple movable plates (8) are spaced apart on the fixed rod (7) along a second direction, and the movable plates (8) are slidably connected to the fixed rod (7); Multiple heat sinks (9) are disposed between the first fixed plate (5) and the second fixed plate (6). Each heat sink (9) has a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other along a third direction. The first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. The first end is connected to one of the movable plates (8) and the second end is connected to another movable plate (8).

3. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery spacing adjustment component also includes: Screw (10), the screw (10) is disposed on the movable plate (8), the screw (10) passes through the movable plate (8) and abuts against the fixed rod (7), the screw (10) is threadedly connected to the movable plate (8).

4. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The phase change energy storage device also includes: Multiple support blocks (11) are disposed on one end of the second fixing plate (6) away from the heat sink (9), and the support blocks (11) are connected to the second fixing plate (6).

5. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change energy storage device also includes: A temperature distribution plate (12) is disposed on the opposite end face of an adjacent battery (2) and the temperature distribution plate (12) is connected to the battery (2); Multiple fins (13) are disposed between adjacent heat exchange plates (12) and spaced apart along a second direction. The fins (13) are connected to the heat exchange plates (12), and the heat exchange plates (12) are connected to the air duct (4).

6. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The phase change energy storage device also includes: A heat dissipation vent (14) is provided on the side of the battery (2) away from the air duct (4), and the heat dissipation vent (14) is connected to the heat dissipation plate (9); A fan (15) is mounted on the heat sink (14), the fan (15) is connected to the heat sink (14), and the fan (15) corresponds to the fins (13).

7. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The phase change energy storage device further includes a coolant circulation and heat dissipation assembly, which includes: A partition (16) is disposed within the accommodating space. The partition (16) has a third end and a fourth end disposed opposite to each other in a third direction. The third end is connected to the first fixing plate (5) and the second fixing plate (6) respectively. A liquid cooling box (17) is disposed on the fourth end and connected to the fourth end; Liquid outlet pipe (18) is provided on the liquid cooling box (17). One end of the liquid outlet pipe (18) is connected to the liquid cooling box (17), and the other end of the liquid outlet pipe (18) extends through the partition (16) into the heat dissipation vent (14). The return pipe (19) is installed on the liquid cooling box (17). One end of the return pipe (19) is connected to the liquid cooling box (17), and the other end of the return pipe (19) extends through the partition (16) into the heat dissipation radiator (14) and is connected to the other end of the outlet pipe (18).

8. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The coolant circulation and heat dissipation assembly also includes: The first door (20) is rotatably connected to the liquid cooling box (17).

9. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The phase change energy storage device further includes a water supply component, which includes: A water storage tank (21) is provided on the fourth end and is connected to the fourth end; A support platform (22) is provided on the box body (1) and extends into the box body (1) to connect with the water storage tank (21); The first faucet (23) is threadedly connected to the support platform (22) and is connected to the water storage tank (21); The second faucet (24) is threaded onto the support platform (22); Water inlet pipe (25), the water inlet pipe (25) is installed on the water storage tank (21), one end of the water inlet pipe (25) is connected to the water storage tank (21), and the other end of the water inlet pipe (25) extends through the partition (16) into the heat storage chamber (3); Water outlet pipe (26) is installed on the water storage tank (21). One end of the water outlet pipe (26) is connected to the other end of the water inlet pipe (25), and the other end of the water outlet pipe (26) is connected to the second faucet (24).

10. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The water supply assembly also includes: The second door (27) is rotatably connected to the water storage tank (21).

11. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change energy storage device also includes: Top cover (28), which is connected to the thermal storage chamber (3); Bottom cover (29), which is connected to the thermal storage chamber (3).

12. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The phase change energy storage device also includes: The caster wheel (30) is connected to the bottom cover (29).

13. The phase change energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change energy storage device also includes: The third door (31) is rotatably connected to the box body (1).

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