Battery, battery disassembling method and power utilization device
By using an AB glue system containing reversible reactive groups in the battery and adding a reagent containing strong electron groups during disassembly to destroy the AB glue connection points, the problem of disassembly complexity caused by the high bonding strength between the battery cell and the casing is solved, achieving a fast and low-damage battery disassembly effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411124354.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
In the current battery disassembly process, the AB glue bonding strength between the battery cell and the casing is high, which makes disassembly complex, time-consuming and poses safety risks. Conventional disassembly methods such as freezing and blasting are energy-intensive and highly destructive.
An AB glue system containing a first chain extender with reversible reactive groups is used. By adding a reagent with strong electron groups during disassembly, the weak points of the first chain extender are destroyed, creating pores and significantly reducing the bonding strength of the AB glue, thereby achieving rapid and low-damage battery disassembly.
It enables rapid and low-damage disassembly of batteries, reducing the difficulty and energy consumption of the disassembly process and improving safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN121601942A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of battery technology, specifically relating to a battery, a battery disassembly method, and an electrical device. Background Technology
[0002] In batteries, individual battery cells are typically encapsulated inside a battery cell casing, and the individual battery cells must be fixed to the battery cell casing.
[0003] When batteries are disassembled for disposal, the process is complex due to the strong bond between the battery cells and the casing. For example, a common method is to use a freezing and blasting technique to embrittle the bonding material at low temperatures, followed by violent impact disassembly. This process is not only time-consuming but also difficult and energy-intensive. Furthermore, the violent disassembly carries the risk of impacting the battery cells, causing significant damage and increasing the risk of safety accidents. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a battery, a battery disassembly method, and an electrical device, aiming to solve the technical problem of how to better disassemble a battery.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:
[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery, including a casing and at least one battery cell housed within the casing, wherein an AB adhesive is disposed between the battery cell and the casing; wherein...
[0007] The AB adhesive raw material includes component A, component B, catalyst, and chain extender. Component A includes polyol, component B includes isocyanate, and the chain extender includes a first chain extender and a second chain extender, wherein the first chain extender contains a reversible reactive group.
[0008] In this application, the AB adhesive material between the battery cell and the casing comprises a polyol (A component) and an isocyanate (B component), forming a polyurethane adhesive system. Simultaneously, a first chain extender containing reversible reactive groups is introduced. This not only provides self-healing during use, stabilizing the adhesive strength of the AB adhesive system, but also allows for the addition of a reagent containing strong electron-emitting groups as a failure agent corresponding to the reversible reactive groups in the AB adhesive-filled areas when the battery needs to be disassembled. This breaks down the weak points connected by the first chain extender and creates certain pores, significantly reducing the adhesive strength of the AB adhesive system. This enables rapid and low-damage battery disassembly.
[0009] In some embodiments, the reversible reactive group includes at least one of borate ester group, disulfide bond, and silane group.
[0010] The first chain extender containing the above-mentioned reversible reactive groups can give the AB glue in the battery a good self-healing effect.
[0011] In some embodiments, the reversible reactive group includes a borate ester group, and the first chain extender includes at least one of 4-hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid, trimethyl borate, and triisopropyl borate;
[0012] Alternatively, the reversible reactive group may include a disulfide bond, and the first chain extender may include at least one of hydroxy aromatic disulfide and amino aromatic disulfide.
[0013] Alternatively, the reversible reactive group may include a silane group, and the first chain extender may include at least one of a trialkoxysilane and an octyltriethoxysilane.
[0014] The aforementioned first chain extender reagent is widely available. When used in the AB glue system in batteries, it not only has a good self-healing effect, but is also easily acted upon by reagents containing strong electron groups, thus making the battery easy to disassemble.
[0015] In some embodiments, the second chain extender includes at least one of polyol reagents, alicyclic alcohol reagents, aromatic alcohol reagents, diamine reagents, and alkanolamine reagents.
[0016] The second chain extender mentioned above is a commonly used chain extender without reversible reactive groups. The combination of the first and second chain extenders can give the AB glue system in the battery excellent bonding strength.
[0017] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first chain extender to the second chain extender is (1-4):(1-6).
[0018] When the first and second chain extenders are combined in the above mass ratio, the AB glue system in the battery can not only stabilize the bonding strength, but also be easily weakened by reagents containing strong electron groups.
[0019] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of component A, component B, catalyst, and the first chain extender is 1:(0.3-0.8):(0.01-0.1):(0.05-0.2).
[0020] The AB adhesive formed by the above-mentioned proportions of component A, component B, catalyst, and first chain extender has good bonding and can be well used in batteries.
[0021] In some embodiments, the AB adhesive is located between the bottom of the battery cell and the outer casing.
[0022] Based on the actual needs of battery applications, AB glue is used between the bottom of the battery cell and the outer casing, which can effectively fix the battery cell in the battery.
[0023] In some embodiments, the battery includes a battery module or a battery pack.
[0024] Secondly, this application provides a battery disassembly method, including:
[0025] Open the casing of the battery provided in the first aspect of this application;
[0026] A reagent containing a strong electron group is added to the AB glue area inside the battery for contact treatment, and then the battery cell is removed. The strong electron group is a group containing at least one element selected from group VA non-metallic elements, group VIA non-metallic elements, and halogens.
[0027] Since the AB glue system in the battery uses a first chain extender containing reversible reactive groups, when the battery needs to be disassembled, the outer casing is opened, and a reagent containing strong electron groups is added to the area filled with AB glue as a failure agent corresponding to the reversible reactive groups. During the contact process, the reagent containing strong electron groups can destroy the weak points connected by the first chain extender, thereby generating certain pores. This can significantly reduce the adhesive strength of the AB glue system in the battery, so that the battery can be disassembled quickly and with low damage, and the battery cells can be removed.
[0028] In some embodiments, the reagent containing a strong electron group includes at least one of HF, HCl, HBr, HI, HClO, HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH, and CF3SO3H.
[0029] The reagents containing strong electron groups mentioned above can be used as reversible reactive group linkage failure agents in the first chain extender, significantly reducing the strength of AB glue.
[0030] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the reagent containing strong electron groups to the AB glue is 1:(4-10).
[0031] Mixing the above-mentioned reagents containing strong electron groups with AB glue can better deactivate the reversible reactive groups in AB glue.
[0032] In some embodiments, the contact treatment time is 2-5 hours.
[0033] Reagents containing strong electron groups can undergo a complete failure reaction after being in contact with AB glue for 2-5 hours.
[0034] Thirdly, this application provides an electrical device, which includes the battery provided in the first aspect of this application.
[0035] The electrical device uses a battery unique to this application, which, based on the use of a chain extender containing reversible reactive groups in the AB glue of the battery, can be better disassembled. Attached Figure Description
[0036] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell structure included in the secondary battery of this application embodiment;
[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows an exploded view of a single battery cell.
[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the battery module of this application;
[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the battery pack of this application;
[0041] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows the exploded structure of the battery pack.
[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the AB adhesive used in the battery according to an embodiment of this application;
[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an electrical device that uses a secondary battery as a power source, as described in the present application.
[0044] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0045] 10-Battery cell; 11-Housing casing; 12-Top cover assembly; 13-Electrode assembly; 20-Battery module; 30-Battery pack; 31-Upper casing; 32-Lower casing. Detailed Implementation
[0046] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.
[0047] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.
[0048] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.
[0049] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
[0050] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.
[0051] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces). "At least one" refers to one or more (including one, two, three, etc.).
[0052] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.
[0053] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.
[0054] A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. With technological advancements, primary batteries and secondary batteries have emerged. A primary battery is a single-use battery that is difficult to charge and discharge, but it is lightweight and commonly used in daily life. A secondary battery, also known as a rechargeable battery or accumulator, is a battery that can be recharged after being discharged, allowing the active materials to be reactivated and reused.
[0055] With the dwindling availability of traditional energy resources, the development of new energy storage devices is receiving increasing attention. Among these, secondary batteries have garnered significant interest due to their high energy density, high theoretical capacity, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. Secondary batteries can be applied not only to energy storage systems in hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but also widely in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars. As the application areas of secondary batteries as power batteries continue to expand, the market demand for them is also constantly increasing.
[0056] In batteries, the individual cells are typically fixed to the casing using AB adhesive. When a battery is scrapped, the individual cells need to be unpacked for recycling. Because the AB adhesive between the individual cells and the casing has a high bonding strength, the removal process is quite complex. For example, a common method is to use a freezing and blasting technique to embrittle the AB adhesive at low temperatures, followed by violent impact to dismantle it. This process is not only time-consuming but also difficult and energy-intensive. Violent dismantling carries the risk of impacting the individual cells, is highly destructive, and can easily lead to safety accidents.
[0057] Based on this, this application uses a first chain extender containing a reversible reactive group in the AB adhesive system of the battery. This reversible reactive group not only stabilizes the adhesion of the AB adhesive but also facilitates simple and efficient subsequent disassembly. The specific technical solution is as follows.
[0058]
Battery
[0059] The battery provided in this application embodiment can be a primary battery or a secondary battery. Because secondary batteries are becoming increasingly widely used, the battery in this application embodiment can be a secondary battery.
[0060] Typically, a single cell in a secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator. During charging and discharging, active ions move back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes, inserting and releasing. The electrolyte acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator, positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, primarily prevents short circuits while allowing ions to pass through.
[0061] This application does not impose specific limitations on the type of electrolyte; it can be selected according to requirements. For example, the electrolyte can be liquid, gel-like, or entirely solid. Specifically, liquid electrolytes such as electrolyte solutions can be selected.
[0062] In one embodiment, the secondary battery includes a lithium-ion battery or a sodium-ion battery.
[0063] The secondary battery in this application embodiment may include multiple battery cells. A battery cell refers to a cell including a housing and electrode assemblies encapsulated within the housing. The shape of the battery cell is not particularly limited; it can be cylindrical, square, or any other arbitrary shape. Figure 1 The shown is a square-structured battery cell 10.
[0064] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the outer packaging of the battery cell 10 may include a housing 11 and a top cover assembly 12. The housing 11 may include a bottom plate and side plates connected to the bottom plate, the bottom plate and side plates enclosing a receiving cavity. The housing 11 has an opening communicating with the receiving cavity, and the top cover assembly 12 is used to cover the opening to close the receiving cavity. The positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet contained in the secondary battery of this application embodiment may be formed into an electrode assembly 13 by a winding process and / or a stacking process. The electrode assembly 13 is encapsulated in the receiving cavity. The electrolyte is located in the electrode assembly 13. The number of electrode assemblies 13 contained in the battery cell 10 may be one or more, which can be adjusted according to actual needs.
[0065] The method for preparing the battery cell 10 is well known. In some embodiments, a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte can be assembled to form the battery cell 10. As an example, the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode can be formed into an electrode assembly 13 by a winding process or a stacking process. The electrode assembly 13 is placed in an outer packaging, dried, and then injected with an electrolyte. After vacuum sealing, settling, formation, and shaping processes, the battery cell 10 is obtained.
[0066] The battery in this application embodiment may include a battery module or a battery pack.
[0067] A battery module is assembled from the battery cell 10, which means it can contain multiple battery cells 10. The specific number can be adjusted according to the application and capacity of the battery module.
[0068] In some embodiments, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of battery module 20 as an example. (See diagram for example.) Figure 3 As shown, in the battery module 20, multiple battery cells 10 can be arranged sequentially along the length of the battery module 20. Of course, they can also be arranged in any other manner. Furthermore, the multiple battery cells 10 can be fixed in place using fasteners.
[0069] Optionally, the battery module 20 may also include a packaging shell with a receiving space in which multiple battery cells 10 are received.
[0070] A battery pack refers to an assembly of the aforementioned battery cells 10, meaning it can contain multiple battery cells 10. These multiple battery cells 10 can be assembled into the aforementioned battery module 20. The specific number of battery cells 10 or battery modules 20 contained in the battery pack can be adjusted according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
[0071] As in the example, Figure 4 and Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack 30 as an example. The battery pack 30 may include a battery compartment and multiple battery modules 20 disposed within the battery compartment. The battery compartment includes an upper compartment 31 and a lower compartment 32. The upper compartment 31 covers the lower compartment 32, forming a closed space for accommodating the battery modules 20. The multiple battery modules 20 can be arranged in any manner within the battery compartment.
[0072] In general, AB glue is used to fix the battery cells to the casing. However, the AB glue in the battery of this application uses a special chain extender, which not only improves the self-healing function of the AB glue, but also facilitates disassembly.
[0073] Specifically, in a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery, including: (1) a battery cell; (2) a casing for packaging the battery cell; and (3) an AB adhesive located between the battery cell and the casing for improving the strength of the battery cell.
[0074] The AB adhesive system in the battery includes: component A, component B, catalyst, and chain extender; wherein component A includes a polyol, and component B includes isocyanate, thus forming a polyurethane adhesive system. The chain extender includes a first chain extender containing reversible reactive groups and a conventional second chain extender. In the embodiments of this application, the components of the AB adhesive between the battery cell and the casing can be determined by liquid chromatography.
[0075] In the battery embodiments of this application, the AB glue introduces a first chain extender containing reversible reactive groups, which can perform self-repair during use, thereby stabilizing the adhesive strength of the AB glue system. At the same time, when the battery needs to be disassembled, a reagent containing strong electron groups can be added to the AB glue-filled area as a failure agent corresponding to the reversible reactive groups, thereby destroying the weak points connected by the first chain extender and generating certain pores. This significantly reduces the adhesive strength of the AB glue system, thus enabling the battery to be disassembled quickly and with low damage.
[0076] In some embodiments, a reversible reactive group refers to a group that, when the long molecular chain breaks, can adjust the direction of the chemical reaction by changing the ratio of reactants and products, allowing the broken chemical bonds to reversibly regenerate, thus achieving a self-repairing effect. Specifically, a reversible reactive group may include at least one of borate ester groups, disulfide bonds, and silane groups. A first chain extender containing the above-mentioned reversible reactive groups can give the AB adhesive in the battery a good self-repairing effect.
[0077] In some embodiments, the reversible reactive group includes a borate ester group, and the corresponding first chain extender includes at least one of 4-hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid, trimethyl borate, and triisopropyl borate. Alternatively, the reversible reactive group includes a disulfide bond, and the corresponding first chain extender includes at least one of hydroxy aromatic disulfide and amino aromatic disulfide; for example, hydroxy aromatic disulfide may include 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl disulfide and 3,3'-dihydroxydiphenyl disulfide, and amino aromatic disulfide may include 2,2'-diaminodiphenyl disulfide. Alternatively, the reversible reactive group includes a silyl group, and the corresponding first chain extender includes at least one of trialkoxysilane and octyltriethoxysilane; for example, trialkoxysilane may include trimethoxysilane or triethoxysilane. The above-mentioned first chain extenders are widely available and, when used in the AB glue system of batteries, not only have excellent self-healing effects but are also easily acted upon by reagents containing strong electron groups, thereby making the battery easy to disassemble.
[0078] In some embodiments, the chain extender includes a second chain extender, which includes at least one of polyol reagents, alicyclic alcohol reagents, aromatic alcohol reagents, diamine reagents, and alkanolamine reagents. The aforementioned second chain extender is a commonly used chain extender in AB glue systems. It generally lacks reversible reactive groups. By combining the first and second chain extenders, the AB glue system in the battery can achieve excellent adhesion.
[0079] In some embodiments, the polyol reagent in the second chain extender without reversible reactive groups may include at least one of chain alcohols such as diols (e.g., 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, etc.) and triols (e.g., glycerol, trimethylolpropane, etc.); alicyclic alcohol reagents may include at least one of cyclic alcohols such as cyclopentanol and cyclohexanol; aromatic alcohol reagents may include at least one of hydroquinone dihydroxyethyl ether and resorcinol di(2-hydroxyethyl) ether; diamine reagents may include at least one of ethylenediamine, triethylenediamine, and methylcyclohexanediamine; and alkanolamine reagents may include at least one of ethanolamine and diethanolamine.
[0080] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the first chain extender to the second chain extender is (1-4):(1-6). For example, the molar ratio of the first chain extender to the second chain extender is 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:3, 1:5, etc. When the first chain extender and the second chain extender are combined in the above mass ratio, the bonding strength stability of the AB glue system in the battery can be good, while the strength can be reduced by the action of reagents containing strong electron groups.
[0081] In some embodiments, component A comprises a polyol and component B comprises an isocyanate, which can be commonly used components.
[0082] For example, the polyol in component A is a polymeric polyol, including at least one of polyester polyols, polyether polyols, and alkyl polyols. For example, it may include, but is not limited to: polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polycarbonate glycol, polypropylene triol, rigid foam polyether polyol, low-unsaturation polyether polyol, high-activity polyether polyol, grafted polyether polyol, flame-retardant polyether polyol, heterocyclic modified polyether polyol, polytetrahydrofuran polyol, etc.
[0083] For example, the isocyanate in component B may include at least one of the following: branched aliphatic isocyanates, alicyclic isocyanates, aromatic isocyanates, etc. For example, it may include, but is not limited to, at least one of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), polyphenylmethane polyisocyanate (PAPI), liquefied MDI, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), hydrogenated TDI, TDI-80 (a mixture of 80% toluene diisocyanate with a 2,4 structure and 20% with a 2,6 structure), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), etc.
[0084] In some embodiments, the catalyst in the AB adhesive is a polyurethane catalyst, which may include at least one of tertiary amine catalysts and metal alkyl compounds. For example, tertiary amine catalysts include, but are not limited to, at least one of: triethylenediamine, hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, N-methylmorpholine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, etc., and metal alkyl compounds include: organotin catalysts, which may be, but are not limited to, at least one of: stannous octoate, stannous oleate, dibutyltin dilaurate, etc.
[0085] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of component A, component B, catalyst, and first chain extender is 1:(0.3–0.8):(0.01–0.1):(0.05–0.2). The AB adhesive formed by the above-mentioned ratio of component A, component B, catalyst, and first chain extender has good adhesion and can be well used in batteries. Further, the molar ratio of component A, component B, catalyst, first chain extender, and second chain extender is 1:(0.3–0.8):(0.01–0.1):(0.05–0.2):(0.05–0.3).
[0086] In some embodiments, when AB adhesive is used between the battery cell and the casing, the steps are as follows: Component A and Component B are mixed and subjected to a prepolymerization reaction, then a chain extender is added to carry out a crosslinking reaction, and then a catalyst is added to carry out a catalytic reaction, resulting in AB adhesive with a crosslinked network structure located between the battery cell and the casing. The above process is simple and easily and efficiently forms AB adhesive.
[0087] The reaction principle of AB components: Isocyanate reacts with the active hydrogen of polyol, and the nucleophilic center in the polyol molecule attacks the carbon atom of the NCO group, thus initiating a chain reaction. The final AB adhesive is a polyurethane colloid, in which the chain segments can include hard segments and soft segments. Hard segments refer to the segments formed on the polyurethane molecular backbone by the reaction of isocyanate and chain extender. These groups have high cohesive energy, large space volume, and high rigidity. Soft segments refer to the carbon-carbon backbone polymer polyol, which has better flexibility and is a flexible segment in the polyurethane backbone.
[0088] Specifically, after mixing polyol and isocyanate, a prepolymerization reaction is carried out at 50-60℃. Then, a first chain extender and a second chain extender are added, and the mixture is slowly stirred at 30-38℃ for 15-30 minutes to carry out a crosslinking reaction. Finally, a catalyst is added to catalyze the reaction, forming an AB glue with a crosslinked network structure.
[0089] In some embodiments, the synthesis process of AB glue is as follows: Figure 6As shown, component A, the polyol, is polyethylene glycol (i.e., polyethylene oxide glycol), component B, the isocyanate, is IPDI, the first chain extender, i.e., the reversible chain extender, is 4-hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid, the second chain extender, i.e., the conventional chain extender, is 1,4-butanediol, and the catalyst is hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine.
[0090] In some embodiments, AB adhesive is placed between the bottom of the battery cell and the casing. Applying AB adhesive between the bottom of the battery cell and the casing, based on the actual needs of the battery application, effectively secures the battery cell within the battery.
[0091] Battery disassembly method
[0092] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery disassembly method. Specifically, the battery disassembly method provided in the first aspect of this application includes:
[0093] S01: Open the casing of the battery provided in the first aspect of the embodiments of this application;
[0094] S02: Add a reagent containing a strong electron group to the AB glue area inside the battery for contact treatment, and then take out the battery cell. The strong electron group is a group containing at least one element from the group VA non-metallic element, the group VIA non-metallic element, and halogen.
[0095] Since the AB glue system in the battery uses a first chain extender containing reversible reactive groups, when the battery needs to be disassembled, the outer casing is opened, and a reagent containing strong electron groups is added to the area filled with AB glue as a failure agent corresponding to the reversible reactive groups. During the contact process, the reagent containing strong electron groups can destroy the weak points connected by the first chain extender, thereby generating certain pores. This can significantly reduce the adhesive strength of the AB glue system in the battery, so that the battery can be disassembled quickly and with low damage, and the battery cells can be removed.
[0096] In some embodiments, the strong electronegativity of the group is highly correlated with that of the group element. The strong electronegativity group is a group containing at least one element selected from Group VA nonmetals, VIA nonmetals, and halogens; for example, Group VA nonmetals such as nitrogen and phosphorus, VIA nonmetals such as oxygen and sulfur, and halogens such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Groups containing these elements are generally considered strong electronegativity groups. These groups can better disrupt the reversible reaction sites of the first chain extender in the AB glue system.
[0097] In some embodiments, the reagent containing a strong electron-emitting group is a highly electronegative substance, including at least one selected from HF (hydrogen fluoride), HCl (hydrogen chloride), HBr (hydrogen bromide), HI (hydrogen iodide), HClO (hypochlorous acid), HClO4 (perchloric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HNO3 (nitric acid), CH3COOH (acetic acid), and CF3SO3H (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid). The aforementioned reagent containing a strong electron-emitting group can act as a reversible reactive group linkage failure agent in the first chain extender, significantly reducing the strength of the AB adhesive.
[0098] Specifically, reagents containing strong electron groups can be used as an aqueous solution with a mass percentage of 10-15%.
[0099] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the reagent containing strong electron groups to the AB glue is 1:(4-10). Mixing the above-mentioned reagent containing strong electron groups with the AB glue can better deactivate the reversible reactive groups in the AB glue.
[0100] In some embodiments, the contact treatment time is 2-5 hours, exemplarily 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, etc. Reagents containing strong electron-emitting groups can undergo sufficient degradation reaction after contacting AB glue for 2-5 hours.
[0101] Electrical appliances
[0102] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide an electrical device, which includes the battery provided in the first aspect of the embodiments of this application. The battery in this embodiment serves as the power source for the electrical device, and can also be the energy storage unit of the electrical device. When the electrical device in this embodiment is in operation, the individual battery cells are robust, and when they need to be scrapped and dismantled, they can be easily and efficiently dismantled and recycled.
[0103] Electrical devices can be, but are not limited to, mobile devices (such as mobile phones, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc. The type of electrical device can be selected from individual battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs according to its usage requirements.
[0104] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an example electrical device. The device could be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. To meet the device's requirements for high power and high energy density, a battery pack or battery module can be used.
[0105] Another example of an electrical device could be a mobile phone, tablet, or laptop. These devices typically require a slim and lightweight design and can use rechargeable batteries as their power source.
[0106] Example
[0107] The following describes embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.
[0108] Example 1
[0109] Preparation of lithium-ion secondary batteries
[0110] (1) Preparation of positive electrode sheet:
[0111] Lithium iron phosphate, conductive carbon black, and PVDF were mixed in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, and then N-methylpyrrolidone solvent was added and stirred evenly to obtain a positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry was then evenly coated on the surface of the current collector aluminum foil, dried in an oven, and rolled to obtain a positive electrode sheet.
[0112] (2) Preparation of negative electrode sheet:
[0113] Artificial graphite, conductive carbon black, binder carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and solvent water are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 95:2:3:100 to obtain a negative electrode slurry. The negative electrode slurry is then uniformly coated on the surface of the current collector copper foil, dried in an oven, and rolled to obtain a negative electrode sheet.
[0114] (3) Preparation of the separating membrane:
[0115] A 13μm thick polyethylene film was used as the isolation base film, and ceramic particles and binder were sprayed on it. The ceramic material was boehmite, accounting for 39wt%; the binder was polyacrylate, accounting for 5wt%.
[0116] (4) Electrolyte preparation:
[0117] Ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate were mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1:1. LiPF6 was then dissolved in this solution to obtain an electrolyte. The concentration of LiPF6 in this electrolyte was 1 mol / L.
[0118] (5) Assembly:
[0119] The positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator are arranged in the order of "separator-positive electrode-separator-negative electrode". The winding shaft is rotated by a motor to wind the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator to obtain a wound cell. The bare cell is then placed in packaging and injected with electrolyte to obtain a single battery cell.
[0120] The bottom of the pack shell used to package the battery cell is coated with freshly synthesized AB glue. Then, the battery cell is placed in the pack shell, and the battery cell is fixed in contact with the position of the AB glue inside the pack shell. Then, it is assembled and shaped to obtain a lithium-ion battery pack system.
[0121] The preparation steps of the AB glue used above include:
[0122] The polyol (specifically polypropylene glycol) of component A was distilled at 118°C for 120 minutes in a pre-assembled distillation flask, followed by nitrogen purging. The mixture was then heated to 68°C in a water bath, and the isocyanate (specifically toluene diisocyanate) of component B was added. After stirring for 2 hours, the temperature was lowered to 58°C, and then the first chain extender (4-hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid) and the second chain extender (1,4-butanediol) were added. The mixture was stirred thoroughly for 5 minutes to ensure complete mixing, and then stirred at 30°C for 15 minutes to initiate a crosslinking reaction. Finally, a catalyst (hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine) was added to form a colloidal network structure AB adhesive. The molar ratio of polyol (component A), isocyanate (component B), second chain extender, first chain extender, and catalyst was 1:0.8:0.3:0.2:0.1.
[0123] Example 2-10
[0124] The difference from Example 1 lies in the different AB glue system, as detailed in Table 1.
[0125] Table 1
[0126]
[0127] Comparative Example 1
[0128] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the AB glue did not use the first chain extender, and the molar ratio of component A (polyol), component B (isocyanate), the second chain extender, and the catalyst was 1:0.8:0.5:0.1.
[0129] Performance testing
[0130] 1. The following performance tests were conducted on the AB adhesives of the above embodiments and comparative examples:
[0131] ① Tensile strength test:
[0132] Tensile strength tests were performed on the AB glue according to the ISO 4587-2003 standard method.
[0133] ②Shear strength test:
[0134] The shear strength of the AB adhesive was tested according to the ISO 4587-2003 standard method.
[0135] ③ Elongation at break test:
[0136] The sample was stretched continuously using standard tensile methods until it broke, and the ratio of the stretched length to the original sample length was measured.
[0137] The test results are shown in Table 2:
[0138] Table 2
[0139]
[0140] As can be seen from the data in Table 2, compared with Comparative Example 1, the embodiments of this application can improve the strength and elongation at break of the AB glue system by adding a first chain extender containing a reversible reactive group to the AB glue system.
[0141] 2. Battery pack unpacking AB glue failure time test
[0142] When the battery of the embodiment is unpacked, the failure time of the AB glue after adding the failure agent (i.e., a reagent containing strong electron groups, the specific types are shown in Table 3; the reagent is added in the form of an aqueous solution, wherein the mass percentage of the reagent containing strong electron groups is 10%) is measured at room temperature (25±5℃) (failure criterion: tensile strength <0.5MPa when debonding). The battery dimensions of the above embodiment used in the test are: square battery (dimensions: length: 204mm, width: 68mm, height: 97mm). When the pack is packaged, the area of the bottom of the battery cell bonded to the pack shell is 204mm×68mm. The mass ratio of the reagent containing strong electron groups to the AB glue is 1:4.
[0143] The test results are shown in Table 3:
[0144] Table 3
[0145]
[0146] As shown in Table 3, the battery in Comparative Example 1 required freezing at -50°C for at least 12 hours to cause the AB adhesive to become brittle and disassemble. In the embodiments of this application, because a first chain extender containing reversible reactive groups is added to the AB adhesive system, a reagent containing strong electron-bearing groups is added during battery disassembly as a failure agent corresponding to the reversible reactive groups. This disrupts the weak points connected by the first chain extender, significantly reducing the adhesive strength of the AB adhesive system. This allows for rapid battery disassembly at 20–30°C.
[0147] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A battery, characterized in that, The device includes a housing and at least one battery cell housed within the housing, wherein an AB adhesive is provided between the battery cell and the housing; wherein, The AB adhesive raw material includes component A, component B, catalyst, and chain extender. Component A includes polyol, component B includes isocyanate, and the chain extender includes a first chain extender and a second chain extender, wherein the first chain extender contains a reversible reactive group.
2. The battery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reversible reactive group includes at least one of borate ester group, disulfide bond, and silane group.
3. The battery as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The reversible reactive group includes a borate ester group, and the first chain extender includes at least one of 4-hydroxymethylphenylboronic acid, trimethyl borate, and triisopropyl borate; Alternatively, the reversible reactive group includes a disulfide bond, and the first chain extender includes at least one of hydroxy aromatic disulfide and amino aromatic disulfide. Alternatively, the reversible reactive group may include a silane group, and the first chain extender may include at least one of a trialkoxysilane and an octyltriethoxysilane.
4. The battery according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The second chain extender includes at least one of polyol reagents, alicyclic alcohol reagents, aromatic alcohol reagents, diamine reagents, and alkanolamine reagents.
5. The battery according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the first chain extender to the second chain extender is (1-4):(1-6).
6. The battery according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The molar ratio of component A, component B, catalyst, and the first chain extender is 1:(0.3-0.8):(0.01-0.1):(0.05-0.2).
7. The battery according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The AB adhesive is located between the bottom of the battery cell and the outer casing.
8. The battery according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The battery includes a battery module or a battery pack.
9. A battery disassembly method, characterized in that, include: Open the casing of the battery according to any one of claims 1-8; A reagent containing a strong electron group is added to the AB glue area inside the battery for contact treatment, and then the battery cell is removed. The strong electron group is a group containing at least one element selected from group VA non-metallic elements, group VIA non-metallic elements, and halogens.
10. The battery disassembly method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The reagent containing a strong electron group includes at least one of HF, HCl, HBr, HI, HClO, HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH, and CF3SO3H.
11. The battery disassembly method according to any one of claims 9-10, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the reagent containing strong electron groups to the AB glue is 1:(4-10).
12. The battery disassembly method according to any one of claims 9-11, characterized in that, The contact treatment time is 2-5 hours.
13. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical device includes the battery as described in any one of claims 1-8.