Communication base station energy storage system and method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication base station energy storage system and method based on a switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management, and the communication base station energy storage system based on the switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management comprises a switching power supply module, a bidirectional DC / DC module, an energy storage battery pack, and a main control module. The main control module is in communication connection with the switching power supply module, the two-way DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack and is used for sending instructions to the switching power supply module and the two-way DC / DC module and dynamically adjusting a charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage battery pack according to peak and valley time periods of a power grid; the switching power supply module is connected with the energy storage battery pack and is used for correspondingly charging and discharging the energy storage battery pack according to the peak-valley time period of the power grid; the bidirectional DC / DC module is respectively connected with the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack and is used for continuously performing corresponding charging and discharging on the energy storage battery pack when the charging and discharging of the switching power supply module reach a preset range; and the energy storage battery pack is used for storing electric energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a communication base station energy storage system and method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the 5G era, the load current of communication base stations is constantly increasing. To address this issue, operators have been searching for various ways to reduce electricity costs. For example, patent CN115085239A discloses a peak shaving and valley filling device and method for 5G communication base stations based on a smart lithium battery system, and patent CN114629145A discloses an energy storage system and method for communication base stations with peak shaving and valley filling capabilities. These solutions employ methods such as shutting down equipment at night and using power compensation energy storage. However, while these solutions alleviate the electricity cost problem to some extent, they do not allow for revenue sharing from base stations and have many limitations in practical applications.

[0003] Currently, the power systems of communication base stations mainly adopt either battery emergency backup mode or lithium battery reserve mode. Although battery emergency backup mode is the mainstream backup power mode for communication stations, due to the lack of energy storage function, the batteries are in a floating charge idle state for a long time, and the value of the batteries is not fully utilized. While the lithium battery reserve mode has a certain energy storage function, it requires abandoning the original switching power supply and batteries, resulting in asset loss and increased construction costs.

[0004] To better address this issue, some solutions propose adding a DC-DC converter between the switching power supply and the battery to achieve precise battery charge and discharge management. However, this approach incurs additional DC-DC losses, resulting in low efficiency. Other solutions attempt to directly charge and discharge the battery using the switching power supply, but due to the strict voltage requirements of equipment within the base station, power is typically cut off below 47V or 43V, limiting battery charging utilization. Therefore, existing technologies suffer from a lack of effective energy storage capabilities in communication base station power systems, leading to low battery utilization.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a communication base station energy storage system and method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC-DC management. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a communication base station energy storage system and method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A communication base station energy storage system based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management includes a switching power supply module, a bidirectional DC / DC module, an energy storage battery pack, and a main control module; The main control module is connected to the switching power supply module, the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack respectively. It is used to send commands to the switching power supply module and the bidirectional DC / DC module and dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage battery pack according to the peak and valley time periods of the power grid. The switching power supply module is connected to the energy storage battery pack and is used to charge and discharge the energy storage battery pack according to the peak and valley periods of the power grid. A bidirectional DC / DC module is connected to the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack respectively, and is used to continue to charge and discharge the energy storage battery pack when the switching power supply module reaches the preset range. Energy storage battery packs are used to store electrical energy.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a power failure detection module, which is connected to the main control module to monitor the mains power status in real time and switch to backup power mode when the mains power fails.

[0009] Furthermore, the main control module is also used to periodically perform self-checks on the status of the energy storage battery pack.

[0010] Furthermore, the main control module is also used to record the voltage, current, and temperature of the energy storage battery pack.

[0011] Correspondingly, a communication base station energy storage method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management is also provided, including: Step S1. Obtain the current time and determine whether the power grid is in peak or off-peak period based on the obtained current time; Step S2. If the current power grid is in a valley period, perform a charging operation on the energy storage battery pack; if the current power grid is in a peak period, perform a discharging operation on the energy storage battery pack. Step S3. Monitor the operating status of the energy storage system in real time. If there is an abnormality, return to step S1. If it is normal, continue to step S4. Step S4. Perform a self-test based on the status of the energy storage battery pack.

[0012] Furthermore, before step S4, the method also includes: real-time monitoring of whether the mains power is lost; if the power is lost, the energy storage system is switched to backup power mode.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, if the current power grid is in a valley period, the charging operation for the energy storage battery pack is specifically performed as follows: S21. Close the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, open the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and control the switching power supply module to charge the energy storage battery pack to the first preset voltage value. S22. Disconnect the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, close the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and use the bidirectional DC / DC module to continue charging the energy storage battery pack to the second preset voltage value.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, if the current power grid is in peak period, the discharge operation of the energy storage battery pack is specifically performed as follows: S23. Close the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, open the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and control the switching power supply module to discharge the energy storage battery pack to the third preset voltage value. S24. Disconnect the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, close the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and use the bidirectional DC / DC module to continue discharging the energy storage battery pack to the fourth preset voltage value.

[0015] Furthermore, the real-time monitoring of whether the mains power is interrupted, and if so, switching the energy storage system to backup power mode, specifically involves: Step A1. Monitor in real time whether the mains power is interrupted. If the power is interrupted, proceed to step A2. Step A2. Detect the voltage of the energy storage battery pack and determine whether the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is greater than the third preset voltage value. If yes, close the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, open the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and proceed to step A3. If no, open the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, close the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and proceed to step A4. Step A3. Control the switching power supply module to discharge the energy storage battery pack to the third preset voltage value, and then repeat step A2; Step A4. Use a bidirectional DC / DC module to boost and discharge the energy storage battery pack to the fourth preset voltage value; Step A5. Determine if any individual cell in the energy storage battery pack is alarming or if the mains power has been restored. If so, stop discharging.

[0016] Furthermore, in step A5, if the mains power is restored, the backup power mode is exited and the energy storage system is put into standby mode for a period of time. Determine whether the current energy storage battery pack's charge level is higher than the preset charge threshold. If so, charge and discharge the energy storage battery pack according to the peak and off-peak periods of the power grid. If not, charge the energy storage battery pack directly to the preset charge threshold.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention establishes a communication connection between the main control module and the switching power supply module, thereby realizing intelligent management of the energy storage battery pack and the switching power supply module. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional emergency backup power mode for batteries, which lacks energy storage function, and enables the battery to be charged during off-peak hours and discharged during peak hours, effectively improving the battery utilization rate and avoiding power loss during long-term float charging and idle state. 2. This invention uses a combination of switching power supply module for charging and discharging energy storage battery pack and bidirectional DC-DC module for charging and discharging. This avoids losses during DC-DC conversion within a specific voltage range, improves the efficiency of battery charging and discharging, and fully improves battery utilization by using bidirectional DC-DC module. 3. This invention utilizes a switch-based open-source module to charge and discharge the energy storage battery pack within a certain range, and uses a bidirectional DC-DC module when the range is exceeded, thus achieving flexible switching of the system. This ensures the normal operation of the equipment and the efficient utilization of the battery, overcoming the limitations of scheme conversion in the prior art. 4. The method of the present invention does not require replacement of the original switching power supply module and energy storage battery pack, but directly modifies the existing system, reducing equipment replacement costs, avoiding large-scale investment risks, and has good economic benefits and practical value. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the communication base station energy storage system based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management provided in Embodiment 1; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the communication base station energy storage method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management provided in Embodiment 2; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the communication base station energy storage method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management provided in Embodiment 3; Figure 4 This is the backup power mode flowchart provided in Implementation Example 4; Figure 5 This is the flowchart for exiting the backup power mode provided in Example 4; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of dynamically optimizing the charging process using a PD control algorithm, provided in Example 5. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of constant current charging provided in Example 6. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features described therein can be combined with each other.

[0020] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a communication base station energy storage system and method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] This embodiment provides a communication base station energy storage system based on a switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a switching power supply module 11, mains power 12, power failure detection module 13, DC load 14, and energy storage module 2.

[0023] The mains power 12 provides initial power to the entire energy storage system.

[0024] The power failure detection module 13 is connected to the mains power 12, the switching power supply module 11, and the energy storage module 2 respectively. It is used to monitor the status of the mains power 12 in real time. When the mains power 12 fails, it sends a power failure signal to the energy storage module 2, which then switches the energy storage system to the backup power mode to ensure that critical equipment such as communication base stations can continue to operate when the mains power fails. It can also transmit a power failure signal to the switching power supply module 11 in a timely manner, so that the switching power supply module 11 can stop working after receiving the signal to avoid unnecessary energy consumption.

[0025] DC load 14 is an important piece of equipment in the communication base station. It is connected to the switching power supply module 11 and the energy storage module 2 respectively. When the mains power 12 is normal, it is directly powered by the switching power supply module 11. When the mains power 12 fails or during peak hours, it is powered by the energy storage module 2 to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the communication base station.

[0026] The energy storage module 2 is connected to the switching power supply module 11 via a 485 bus. The energy storage module 2 includes a main control module 21, a bidirectional DC / DC module 22, and an energy storage battery pack 23.

[0027] The main control module 21 is responsible for the unified management system operation. It is connected to the power failure detection module 13, the switching power supply module 11, the bidirectional DC / DC module 22, and the energy storage battery pack 23. It receives the mains power failure signal 12 sent by the power failure detection module 13 and switches the energy storage system to the backup power mode. It also monitors the battery status of the energy storage battery pack 23, issues instructions to the switching power supply module 11 and the bidirectional DC / DC module 22, controls the charging and discharging operation of the energy storage battery pack 23 according to the current grid time period (peak or valley period), and periodically performs self-checks on the status of the energy storage battery pack 23, recording the voltage, current, and temperature of the energy storage battery pack 23.

[0028] In this embodiment, the main control module 21 sends the following instructions to the switching power supply module 11 and the bidirectional DC / DC module 22: The main control module 21 determines whether the current time is a peak period or a valley period.

[0029] If the current power grid is in a low-voltage period, the main control module 21 closes the switch between the switching power supply module 11 and the energy storage battery pack 23, and opens the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, so that the switching power supply module 11 charges the energy storage battery pack 23 to the first preset voltage value; then the main control module 21 opens the switch between the switching power supply module 11 and the energy storage battery pack 23, and closes the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module 11 and the energy storage battery pack 23, so that the bidirectional DC / DC module 22 continues to charge the energy storage battery pack 23 to the second preset voltage value.

[0030] If the current power grid is in peak period, the main control module 21 closes the switch between the switching power supply module 11 and the energy storage battery pack 23, and opens the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module 22 and the energy storage battery pack 23, so that the switching power supply module 11 discharges the energy storage battery pack 23 to the third preset voltage value; then, it opens the switch between the switching power supply module 11 and the energy storage battery pack 23, and closes the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module 22 and the energy storage battery pack 23, so that the bidirectional DC / DC module 22 continues to discharge the energy storage battery pack 23 to the fourth preset voltage value.

[0031] Simultaneously, the charging and discharging power and capacity of the battery are calculated in real time, and the status record table is updated.

[0032] The switching power supply module 11 is connected to the main control module 21 via a 485 bus, and the switching power supply module 11 is connected to the energy storage battery pack 23 via switch K2. It is used to receive charging and discharging parameter commands, participate in the charging management of the energy storage battery pack 23, and charge and discharge the energy storage battery pack 23 according to the peak and valley time periods of the power grid. In this embodiment, the output voltage of the switching power supply module 11 is adjustable, for example, it can be set from 48V to 56V to adapt to the needs of different charging stages. During the off-peak period, when K2 is closed, the switching power supply module 11 charges the energy storage battery pack 23 to a first preset voltage value (e.g., 56V); during the peak period, when K2 is closed, the switching power supply module 11 discharges the energy storage battery pack 23 to a third preset voltage value (e.g., 48V).

[0033] The bidirectional DC / DC module 22 is connected to the switching power supply module 11 via switch K1, and the bidirectional DC / DC module 22 is also connected to the energy storage battery pack 23. This allows the switching power supply module 11 to charge the energy storage battery pack 23 during off-peak hours and to release the battery energy of the energy storage battery pack 23 during peak hours, thus compensating for the limitations of the switching power supply module 11 in certain voltage ranges and improving system flexibility.

[0034] In this embodiment, the bidirectional DC / DC module 22 completes the charging and discharging of the battery within the voltage range that the switching power supply module 11 cannot directly cover. During off-peak hours, K1 is closed and K2 is opened, and the DC / DC converter 23 charges the battery pack 23 to a second preset voltage value (e.g., 58.8V); during peak hours, K1 is closed and K2 is opened, and the bidirectional DC / DC module 22 discharges the battery pack 23 to a fourth preset voltage value (e.g., 42V).

[0035] The use of a switching power supply module 11 and a bidirectional DC / DC module 22 in a coordinated manner aims to reduce energy loss and improve the charging and discharging efficiency and capacity utilization of the battery.

[0036] The energy storage battery pack 23 can be a lead-carbon battery or a lead-acid battery, so that the lead-carbon battery or lead-acid battery can be connected to the main control module 21, the bidirectional DC / DC module 22 and the switching power supply module 11 respectively through Hall current sensors. This allows the main control module 21 to monitor the battery status of the energy storage battery pack 23 in real time through Hall current sensors, voltage monitoring and temperature monitoring modules, and to provide data support to the main control module 21 to realize charging during off-peak periods and discharging during peak periods for intelligent management and optimization.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, this embodiment has the following beneficial effects: 1. This embodiment establishes a communication connection between the main control module and the switching power supply module, thereby realizing intelligent management of the energy storage battery pack and the switching power supply module. This overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional emergency backup power mode of batteries, which lacks energy storage function. It enables the battery to be charged during off-peak hours and discharged during peak hours, effectively improving the battery utilization rate and avoiding power loss during long-term float charging and idle state. 2. This embodiment uses a combination of switching power supply module to charge and discharge the energy storage battery pack and bidirectional DC-DC module to charge and discharge. Within a specific voltage range, it avoids losses during DC-DC conversion, improves the efficiency of battery charging and discharging, and fully improves battery utilization by using bidirectional DC-DC module. 3. In this embodiment, the energy storage battery pack is charged and discharged using a switch open-source module within a certain range. When the range is exceeded, a bidirectional DC-DC module is used, which realizes the flexible switching of the system, ensuring the normal operation of the equipment and the efficient use of the battery, thus overcoming the limitations of scheme conversion in the prior art. Example 2

[0038] This embodiment provides a communication base station energy storage method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this energy storage method is based on the communication base station energy storage system based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management in Embodiment 1. The energy storage method includes: Step S1. Obtain the current time and determine whether the power grid is in peak or off-peak period based on the obtained current time; Step S2. If the current power grid is in a valley period, perform a charging operation on the energy storage battery pack; if the current power grid is in a peak period, perform a discharging operation on the energy storage battery pack. Step S3. Monitor the operating status of the energy storage system in real time. If there is an abnormality, return to step S1. If it is normal, continue to step S4. Step S4. Perform a self-test based on the status of the energy storage battery pack.

[0039] In this embodiment, the method further includes the following steps before step S1: S0. Initialize the energy storage system configuration and establish a communication connection between the switching power supply module and the energy storage module.

[0040] The specific initial configuration of the energy storage system is as follows: S01. Set the operating parameters of the energy storage system, including the battery model of the energy storage battery pack, the model of the switching power supply module, the model of the bidirectional DC / DC module, the battery voltage alarm threshold, the battery temperature alarm threshold, the voltage and current parameter values ​​required for battery charging / discharging, etc. S02. Initialize the battery status record table, including parameters such as battery voltage, current, and temperature; S03. Detect the operating status of the switching power supply module and the bidirectional DC / DC module to ensure the normal operation of all components of the energy storage system.

[0041] The specific steps for establishing a communication connection between the switching power supply module and the energy storage module are as follows: S04. Establish a data connection between the switching power supply module and the energy storage module via the 485 communication bus; S05. Set the voltage regulation range of the switching power supply module, including the minimum and maximum values ​​of the voltage regulation range; S06. Configure the charging and discharging parameters of the bidirectional DC / DC module, including charging current, discharging current, charging cut-off voltage, and discharging termination voltage.

[0042] In step S1, the current time is obtained, and the current power grid is determined to be in peak or valley period based on the obtained current time.

[0043] The system retrieves the parameters of the current time and the peak / valley time period, compares the current time with the set peak / valley time period, and then determines whether the current time belongs to the peak or valley period.

[0044] In step S2, if the current power grid is in a valley period, a charging operation is performed on the energy storage battery pack; if the current power grid is in a peak period, a discharging operation is performed on the energy storage battery pack.

[0045] If the current power grid is in a low-voltage period, the charging operation for the energy storage battery pack will be performed as follows: S21. When it is detected that the current time is a valley period, the main control module closes the switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, and opens the switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack. The main control module controls the switching power supply module to charge the energy storage battery pack to the first preset voltage value. S22. Next, the main control module disconnects switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, and closes switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, using the bidirectional DC / DC module to continue charging the energy storage battery pack to the second preset voltage value.

[0046] If the current power grid is in peak period, the specific steps for discharging the energy storage battery pack are as follows: S23. When it is detected that the current time is a peak period, the main control module closes switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, and opens switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack. The main control module controls the switching power supply module to discharge the energy storage battery pack to the third preset voltage value. S24. Next, the main control module disconnects switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, closes switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and uses the bidirectional DC / DC module to continue discharging the energy storage battery pack to the fourth preset voltage value.

[0047] S25. Regardless of whether the energy storage battery pack is being charged or discharged, the main control module will calculate the charging and discharging power and capacity of the batteries in the energy storage battery pack in real time after execution, and update the status record table.

[0048] In step S3, the operating status of the energy storage system is monitored in real time. If there is an abnormality, the process returns to step S1; if it is normal, the process continues to step S4.

[0049] In this embodiment, before step S4, the method further includes: real-time monitoring of whether the mains power is lost; if the power is lost, the energy storage system is switched to backup power mode.

[0050] The backup power mode is as follows: Step A1. The power failure detection module monitors whether the mains power is lost in real time. If the power is lost, proceed to step A2. Step A2. After receiving the mains power failure signal sent by the power failure detection module, the main control module detects the voltage of the energy storage battery pack and determines whether the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is greater than the third preset voltage value. If so, the switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack is closed, and the switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack is opened, and step A3 is executed; if not, the switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack is opened, and the switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack is closed, and step A4 is executed. Step A3. The main control module controls the switching power supply module to discharge the energy storage battery pack to the third preset voltage value, and then repeats step A2. Step A4. Use a bidirectional DC / DC module to boost and discharge the energy storage battery pack to the fourth preset voltage value; Step A5. The main control module determines whether a single cell in the energy storage battery pack is alarming or whether the mains power has been restored. If so, it stops discharging.

[0051] In this embodiment, if the mains power is restored to normal, the backup power mode is exited and the energy storage system is put on standby for a period of time. Then, it is determined whether the current energy storage battery pack has a higher power threshold. If so, the energy storage battery pack is charged and discharged according to the peak and valley time periods of the power grid. If not, the energy storage battery pack is directly charged to the preset power threshold.

[0052] In step S4, a self-test is performed based on the status of the energy storage battery pack; the self-test specifically includes: The system performs a self-test based on the battery usage time of the energy storage battery pack; it checks whether the battery voltage and temperature are within the normal range; if an abnormality is detected, it issues an alarm and records a fault log; if a normal condition is detected, it performs battery self-learning optimization and adjusts the charging and discharging strategy.

[0053] The method in this embodiment does not require replacing the original switching power supply and battery, but directly modifies the existing system, reducing equipment replacement costs and avoiding large-scale investment risks, thus having good economic benefits and practical value.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] The communication base station energy storage method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management provided in this embodiment differs from Embodiment 2 in that: This embodiment sets specific parameters to illustrate the energy storage method, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0056] Step S0. Initialize the energy storage system configuration and establish a communication connection between the switching power supply module and the energy storage module.

[0057] S01. Set the system operating parameters, including setting the battery type of the energy storage battery pack to lead-carbon battery, the model of the switching power supply module to Zhongheng IPS-G-48V600A, and the model of the bidirectional DC / DC module to Zhonggong TDB-48VDC-100A. S02. Initialize the battery status record table, including setting the individual cell voltage range to 1.75V to 2.45V, the total battery voltage range to 42V to 58.8V, the current range to 0A to 100A, and the temperature range to -20℃ to 55℃; S03. Check the operating status of the switching power supply module and the bidirectional DC / DC module to ensure that all components of the system are operating normally; S04. Establish a data connection between the switching power supply module and the energy storage module via the 485 bus; S05. Set the voltage adjustment range of the switching power supply module to 48V-56V, that is, the minimum voltage adjustment value of the switching power supply module is 48V and the maximum voltage is 56V; S06. Configure the bidirectional DC / DC module charging parameters as follows: charging current is 0.25C, charging cut-off voltage is 58.8V; discharge parameters are as follows: discharge current is 0.25C, discharge termination voltage is 42V.

[0058] Step S1. Obtain the parameters of the current time and peak / valley time period, compare the current time with the set peak / valley time period, and then determine whether the current time belongs to the peak or valley period.

[0059] Step S2. If the current power grid is in a valley period, perform a charging operation on the energy storage battery pack; if the current power grid is in a peak period, perform a discharging operation on the energy storage battery pack.

[0060] S21. When in a valley period, the main control module closes switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the lead-carbon battery, and opens switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-carbon battery, so that the switching power supply module charges the lead-carbon battery. It is determined whether the output voltage of the switching power supply module reaches 56V. If not, the voltage of the switching power supply module is adjusted and the lead-carbon battery is continued to be charged until the output voltage of the switching power supply module reaches 56V, and step S22 is executed; if yes, step S22 is executed. S22. Next, disconnect the charging branch of the switching power supply module, that is, disconnect switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the lead-carbon battery, close switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-carbon battery, and use the bidirectional DC / DC module to charge the lead-carbon battery to 58.8V. If an overvoltage alarm is triggered for a single battery cell, end the charging process.

[0061] S23. During peak hours, the main control module closes switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the lead-carbon battery, and opens switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-carbon battery, allowing the switching power supply module to discharge the lead-carbon battery. It then determines whether the output voltage of the switching power supply module has dropped to 48V. If not, the switching power supply module voltage is adjusted and the lead-carbon battery continues to be discharged until the output voltage of the switching power supply module drops to 48V, and step S24 is executed. If yes, step S24 is executed. S24. Next, disconnect the discharge branch of the switching power supply module, that is, disconnect switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the lead-carbon battery, close switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-carbon battery, and use the bidirectional DC / DC module to discharge the lead-carbon battery to 42V. If the battery cell overvoltage alarm occurs, end the discharge.

[0062] S25. Finally, the real-time calculation shows that the charge and discharge power of the lead-carbon battery is 3kW and the capacity is 200Ah, and the status record table is updated.

[0063] Step S3. Monitor the operating status of the energy storage system in real time. If there is an abnormality, return to step S1. If it is normal, continue to step S4.

[0064] The overall system operation status includes: charging state, discharging state, standby state, and passive discharging state (backup power); abnormal states include: single-cell overvoltage alarm, single-cell primary undervoltage alarm, single-cell secondary undervoltage alarm, mains power disconnection alarm, etc. In this embodiment, the current operating status mainly refers to the current operating condition not matching the expected state. For example, if the current state should be charging, but the system detects discharging current or no charging current; or if a command is issued to adjust the DC-DC or A-DC converter, but the expected command response is not received and the expected action is not observed; or if a command to close / open the contactor is issued, but the current indicates that the operation was not successfully executed. All such phenomena where the preconditions fail to meet expectations are considered abnormal.

[0065] Step S4. Perform a self-test based on the status of the energy storage battery pack.

[0066] The system performs a self-test based on the lead-carbon battery's usage time. The detected voltage of the lead-carbon battery is 2.3V and the temperature is 35℃. It then determines whether the voltage and temperature of the lead-carbon battery are within the normal range. If an abnormality is detected, an alarm is issued and a fault log is recorded. If the battery is normal, the system performs self-learning optimization and adjusts the charging and discharging strategy.

[0067] In this embodiment, the self-test specifically involves: if it is detected that the rate of increase in the charging cutoff voltage of a battery slows down after 300 cycles (indicating active material degradation), the system automatically lowers its charging cutoff voltage to 20MV and extends the constant voltage charging time to avoid overcharging losses and ensure actual capacity utilization; when the battery experiences extreme temperatures (such as exceeding 40℃ in a summer computer room) or deep discharge (discharged to below 1.7V), a "correction cycle" is automatically triggered—the deviation between the actual capacity and the theoretical capacity under this state is compared, and the SOH calculation weight is updated. Battery self-learning optimization specifically includes: 1. Seasonal Characteristics Learning and Prediction: Based on historical ambient temperature data and battery performance variation curves, a seasonal model is constructed. Before the start of summer each year (when the data center temperature exceeds 30°C for 5 consecutive days), the system lowers the charging cutoff voltage from 58.8V to 58.5V in advance, while reducing the charging current to 0.22C to reduce gas evolution losses at high temperatures. Before the start of winter (when the data center temperature is below 15°C for 5 consecutive days), the discharge cutoff voltage is raised from 1.75V to 1.80V in advance, and a stepped heating strategy is adopted during the charging stage (battery preheating is achieved through slight energy feedback from the bidirectional DC / DC module) to improve the utilization rate of active materials at low temperatures.

[0068] 2. Adaptive Charge / Discharge Rate Adjustment: By learning the battery's capacity retention and degradation rate at different charge / discharge rates, a dynamic adjustment model is established. When the battery cycle count exceeds 1900 cycles (approximately the mid-life of a lead-carbon battery), the system automatically reduces the charge / discharge current from 0.25C to 0.2C, while simultaneously extending the charge / discharge time to compensate for capacity loss. If, during three consecutive charge / discharge cycles, the battery's capacity retention at a 0.25C rate falls below 85%, the rate reduction mechanism is triggered.

[0069] In this embodiment, the seasonal model can be constructed using a regression model in machine learning, and the model can be trained, validated, and optimized based on historical data (environment, battery performance, etc.) to finally obtain a predictable model.

[0070] The dynamically adjusted model can be constructed by combining classification and regression models in machine learning. The model is trained, validated, and optimized based on historical data (charging and discharging data, etc.) to obtain a predictable model.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] The communication base station energy storage method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management provided in this embodiment differs from Embodiment 2 in that: This embodiment sets specific parameters to illustrate the energy storage method, such as... Figures 4-5 As shown.

[0073] S0. Initialize the energy storage system configuration and establish a communication connection between the switching power supply module and the energy storage module.

[0074] S01. Set the system operating parameters, including setting the battery type of the energy storage battery pack to lead-acid battery, the model of the switching power supply module to Huawei MU48, and the model of the bidirectional DC / DC module to Zhonggong TDB-48VDC-100A; S02. Initialize the battery status record table, including setting the individual cell voltage range to 1.75V to 2.45V, the total battery voltage range to 42V to 58.8V, the current range to 0A to 100A, and the temperature range to -20℃ to 55℃; S03. Detect the operating status of the switching power supply module and the bidirectional DC / DC module to ensure that all components of the system are operating normally.

[0075] S04. Establish a data connection between the switching power supply module and the energy storage module via the 485 bus; S05. Set the voltage adjustment range of the switching power supply module to 48V-56V, that is, the minimum voltage adjustment value of the switching power supply module is 48V and the maximum voltage is 56V; S06. Configure the bidirectional DC / DC module charging parameters as follows: charging current is 0.25C, charging cut-off voltage is 58.8V; discharge parameters are as follows: discharge current is 0.25C, discharge termination voltage is 42V.

[0076] In this embodiment, the system monitors in real time whether the mains power is lost. If the power is lost, the energy storage system switches to backup power mode.

[0077] A1. The power failure detection module monitors whether the mains power is lost in real time. If the power is lost, step A2 is executed. A2. After receiving the mains power failure signal from the power failure detection module, the main control module detects the voltage of the lead-acid battery and determines whether the voltage of the lead-acid battery is greater than the third preset voltage value of 48V. If yes, the switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the lead-acid battery is closed, and the switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-acid battery is opened, and step A3 is executed; if no, the switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the lead-acid battery is opened, and the switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-acid battery is closed, and step A4 is executed. A3. The main control module controls the switching power supply module to directly discharge the lead-acid battery to the third preset voltage value of 48V, and then repeats step A2; A4. Use a bidirectional DC / DC module to boost the lead-acid battery and discharge it to the fourth preset voltage value of 42V; A5. The main control module continues to determine whether the individual lead-acid battery cells are undervoltage alarms or whether the mains power has been restored. If so, the discharge is stopped.

[0078] In this embodiment, once the mains power returns to normal, the backup power mode is exited, and the energy storage system is left in standby mode for 5 minutes without charging or discharging. Then, the current lead-acid battery charge is obtained, and it is determined whether the current lead-acid battery charge is higher than a preset charge threshold of 30%. If so, the lead-acid battery is charged and discharged according to the peak and valley periods of the power grid. If not, regardless of whether it is currently in a peak or valley period, the switching power supply module directly charges the lead-acid battery to the preset charge threshold of 30%, and then charges and discharges the lead-acid battery according to the peak and valley periods of the power grid.

[0079] Example 5

[0080] The communication base station energy storage method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management provided in this embodiment differs from Embodiment 3 in that: like Figure 6 As shown, the energy storage system for a communication base station executes charging and discharging operations during off-peak and peak periods, respectively. During off-peak periods, the system dynamically optimizes the charging process using a PD control algorithm by adjusting the output voltage of the switching power supply until charging is complete. During peak periods, the system outputs battery energy through the switching power supply and similarly uses the PD algorithm to dynamically optimize the discharging process until discharging is complete. The entire process demonstrates the system's intelligent characteristics, ensuring efficient battery utilization and stable system operation through real-time monitoring and adjustment.

[0081] The specific charging process during off-peak hours is as follows: 1. Obtain battery terminal voltage V0: When it is determined that the current time is in a valley period, the main control module monitors and obtains the current terminal voltage V0 of the lead-carbon battery in real time; 2. Adjust the output voltage of the switching power supply module: The main control module adjusts the output voltage of the switching power supply module to V0+100mV according to the voltage V0, and performs the charging operation.

[0082] 3. Close the switch: This allows current to flow to the lead-carbon battery. Specifically, close switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the lead-carbon battery, and open switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-carbon battery to charge the lead-carbon battery to the first preset voltage value. Then, open switch K2 between the switching power supply module and the lead-carbon battery, and close switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-carbon battery to charge the lead-carbon battery to the second preset voltage value.

[0083] 4. Comparison of actual current and expected current: The main control module acquires the actual charging current I0 in real time and compares it with the set expected charging current I1, and calculates the current deviation between the actual charging current I0 and the expected charging current I1.

[0084] 5. PID control algorithm adjustment: The output voltage of the switching power supply module is adjusted according to the calculated current deviation using the PID control algorithm, so that I0 is as close as possible to I1.

[0085] 6. Determine if charging is complete: The main control module monitors in real time whether the voltage at the lead-carbon battery terminal has reached the preset charging cutoff voltage. If it has, charging is complete; otherwise, step 4 is executed again.

[0086] Peak discharge process: 1. Obtain battery terminal voltage V0: When it is determined that the current time is during the peak period, the main control module monitors and obtains the current terminal voltage V0 of the lead-carbon battery in real time; 2. Adjust the output voltage of the switching power supply module: The main control module adjusts the output voltage of the switching power supply module to V0+100mV according to the voltage V0, and performs a discharge operation.

[0087] 3. Close the switch: This enables the lead-carbon battery to start supplying power externally. Specifically, close switch K2 between the switching power module and the lead-carbon battery, open switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-carbon battery, and discharge the lead-carbon battery to the third preset voltage value. Then, open switch K2 between the switching power module and the lead-carbon battery, close switch K1 between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the lead-carbon battery, and discharge the lead-carbon battery to the fourth preset voltage value.

[0088] 4. Comparison of actual current and expected current: The main control module acquires the actual discharge current I2 in real time and compares it with the set expected discharge current I3, and calculates the current deviation between the actual discharge current I2 and the expected discharge current I3.

[0089] 5. PID control algorithm adjustment: The output voltage of the switching power supply module is adjusted according to the calculated current deviation using the PID control algorithm, so that I2 is as close as possible to I3.

[0090] 6. Determine if the discharge has ended: The main control module monitors in real time whether the voltage at the lead-carbon battery terminal drops to the preset discharge termination voltage. If it drops, the discharge ends; otherwise, step 4 is executed again.

[0091] Example 6

[0092] The communication base station energy storage method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management provided in this embodiment differs from Embodiment 5 in that: like Figure 7As shown, in the energy storage system of a communication base station, the switching power supply module dynamically adjusts the output voltage through a PID control algorithm to achieve constant current charging. This demonstrates the system's control logic of indirectly achieving constant current charging by monitoring current deviation in real time and adjusting the voltage accordingly to make the charging current as close as possible to the set value.

[0093] 1. Current Deviation Calculation: Real-time monitoring of the battery charging current is compared with the set constant current charging / discharging current value to obtain the current deviation, expressed as: error(t) = I 设定值 - I 反馈 (t) Among them, I 设定值 Indicates the set desired charging / discharging current; I 反馈 (t) represents the actual charging / discharging current obtained; error(t) represents the current deviation value.

[0094] 2. Proportional Adjustment (P): Based on the magnitude of the current deviation, the output voltage of the switching power supply module is adjusted according to a proportional coefficient to reduce the current deviation, expressed as: P(t=K p error(t) Where P(t) represents the proportionality coefficient K p The obtained voltage regulation amount.

[0095] 3. Derivative Regulation (D): Based on the rate of change of current deviation, the output voltage is adjusted through a derivative coefficient to suppress sudden current changes and smooth the charging / discharging process, expressed as: D(t) = K D ·((derror(t) / dt) ·F(t)) Where D(t) represents the proportionality coefficient K D The obtained voltage regulation amount; F(t) represents the low-pass filter function.

[0096] 4. Voltage Regulation and Feedback: Combining P and D regulation values, the output voltage of the switching power supply is dynamically adjusted so that the charging / discharging current gradually approaches the set value, achieving constant current charging. Simultaneously, current feedback is continuously monitored to ensure a stable and accurate charging process, as shown below: V(t) = P(t) + D(t) Where V(t) represents the total adjustment amount. The output voltage of the switching power supply module is adjusted according to the total adjustment amount. Then, as the current feedback approaches the set value, the deviation gradually decreases.

[0097] The energy storage system in this embodiment can achieve constant current charging by adjusting the voltage of the switching power supply module.

[0098] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A communication base station energy storage system based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management, characterized in that, Includes a switching power supply module, a bidirectional DC / DC module, an energy storage battery pack, and a main control module; The main control module is connected to the switching power supply module, the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack respectively. It is used to send commands to the switching power supply module and the bidirectional DC / DC module and dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage battery pack according to the peak and valley time periods of the power grid. The switching power supply module is connected to the energy storage battery pack and is used to charge and discharge the energy storage battery pack according to the peak and valley periods of the power grid. A bidirectional DC / DC module is connected to the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack respectively, and is used to continue to charge and discharge the energy storage battery pack when the switching power supply module reaches the preset range. Energy storage battery packs are used to store electrical energy.

2. The communication base station energy storage system based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power failure detection module, which is connected to the main control module to monitor the mains power status in real time and switch to backup power mode when the mains power fails.

3. The communication base station energy storage system based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module is also used to periodically perform self-checks on the status of the energy storage battery pack.

4. The communication base station energy storage system based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module is also used to record the voltage, current, and temperature of the energy storage battery pack.

5. A communication base station energy storage method based on switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management, characterized in that, include: Step S1. Obtain the current time and determine whether the power grid is in peak or off-peak period based on the obtained current time; Step S2. If the current power grid is in a valley period, perform a charging operation on the energy storage battery pack; if the current power grid is in a peak period, perform a discharging operation on the energy storage battery pack. Step S3. Monitor the operating status of the energy storage system in real time. If there is an abnormality, return to step S1. If it is normal, continue to step S4. Step S4. Perform a self-test based on the status of the energy storage battery pack.

6. The energy storage method for a communication base station based on a switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management according to claim 5, characterized in that, Before step S4, the method further includes: real-time monitoring of whether the mains power is lost; if the power is lost, the energy storage system is switched to backup power mode.

7. The energy storage method for a communication base station with switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management according to claim 5, characterized in that, If the current power grid is in a valley period in step S2, the charging operation for the energy storage battery pack is specifically performed as follows: S21. Close the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, open the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and control the switching power supply module to charge the energy storage battery pack to the first preset voltage value. S22. Disconnect the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, close the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and use the bidirectional DC / DC module to continue charging the energy storage battery pack to the second preset voltage value.

8. The energy storage method for a communication base station with switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the current power grid is in peak period in step S2, the discharge operation of the energy storage battery pack is specifically performed as follows: S23. Close the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, open the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and control the switching power supply module to discharge the energy storage battery pack to the third preset voltage value. S24. Disconnect the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, close the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and use the bidirectional DC / DC module to continue discharging the energy storage battery pack to the fourth preset voltage value.

9. The energy storage method for a communication base station with switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management according to claim 8, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring of whether the mains power is lost, and if so, switching the energy storage system to backup power mode, specifically involves: Step A1. Monitor in real time whether the mains power is interrupted. If the power is interrupted, proceed to step A2. Step A2. Detect the voltage of the energy storage battery pack and determine whether the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is greater than the third preset voltage value. If yes, close the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, open the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and proceed to step A3. If no, open the switch between the switching power supply module and the energy storage battery pack, close the switch between the bidirectional DC / DC module and the energy storage battery pack, and proceed to step A4. Step A3. Control the switching power supply module to discharge the energy storage battery pack to the third preset voltage value, and then repeat step A2; Step A4. Use a bidirectional DC / DC module to boost and discharge the energy storage battery pack to the fourth preset voltage value; Step A5. Determine if any individual cell in the energy storage battery pack is alarming or if the mains power has been restored. If so, stop discharging.

10. The energy storage method for a communication base station with switching power supply and bidirectional DC / DC management according to claim 9, characterized in that, If the mains power is restored in step A5, the backup power mode will be exited and the energy storage system will be put into standby mode for a period of time. Determine whether the current energy storage battery pack's charge level is higher than the preset charge threshold. If so, charge and discharge the energy storage battery pack according to the peak and off-peak periods of the power grid. If not, charge the energy storage battery pack directly to the preset charge threshold.

Images