Liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channels and flow adaptive adjustment

Abstract

The invention discloses a non-uniform width channel and flow adaptive adjustment liquid cooling plate structure, which comprises a heat exchange plate, a working medium inlet, a gradual change flow channel and a working medium outlet are processed on the heat exchange plate, a working medium flows in from the working medium inlet to the gradual change flow channel, and finally the working medium flows out from the working medium outlet; the gradual change flow channel is distributed in a gradient reducing mode on the section perpendicular to the working medium flowing direction and used for achieving space matching of basic flow and thermal load, the shape memory alloy adjusting piece is fixedly connected with the heat exchange plate close to the working medium inlet end, and the other end of the shape memory alloy adjusting piece is in a free state and close to an inlet of the gradual change flow channel. And a dynamic flow channel is formed between the shape memory alloy adjusting sheets. Through the synergistic effect of the gradual change flow channel and the shape memory alloy adjusting sheet, the chip surface temperature uniformity is remarkably improved under the same pump work, thermal load fluctuation can be dynamically responded, and the problem of local overheating caused by uneven flow distribution of a traditional liquid cooling plate is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of heat exchangers, specifically relating to a liquid-cooled plate structure with non-uniform width channels and adaptive flow rate adjustment. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of electronic device performance, especially the widespread application of high-performance computing chips, artificial intelligence processors, and high-power power electronic devices, their heat flux density is increasing exponentially. Traditional air-cooling technology is gradually becoming unable to meet the demand for efficient heat dissipation. Against this backdrop, liquid cooling technology, with its advantages of high heat capacity, high thermal conductivity, and low thermal resistance, is gradually becoming an effective means to solve the heat dissipation problem of high-power-density electronic devices. However, existing microchannel heat exchangers mostly adopt rectangular channel structures, which have significant shortcomings in practical applications.

[0003] First, the temperature uniformity is poor. Because the heat load distribution of electronic chips is usually uneven, while the flow rate of the cooling medium in the equal-width flow channel is fixed, the high-temperature area suffers from insufficient heat dissipation and the low-temperature area suffers from excessive cooling, making it difficult to ensure overall temperature uniformity.

[0004] Secondly, localized hot spots are prone to occur. Under non-uniform heat loads, the flow distribution of traditional liquid cooling plates cannot be dynamically adjusted. Areas with high heat flux density are prone to localized overheating due to insufficient cooling medium, which seriously affects equipment reliability.

[0005] To address the flow distribution problem, existing technologies have proposed several improved solutions, such as employing complex splitter or manifold structures, introducing externally controlled active valve systems, or using passive flow regulating elements. However, these methods still have significant limitations: splitter or manifold structures are complex to design, costly, and static, unable to respond to dynamic thermal loads; active valve systems rely on external sensors and energy, resulting in complex systems with low reliability; and passive regulating elements often have slow thermal response or limited regulation range. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channels and adaptive flow rate adjustment. By designing a gradient flow channel and a shape memory alloy adjustment plate, it solves the problems of uneven flow distribution, poor temperature uniformity and insufficient dynamic control of existing liquid cooling plates.

[0007] The technical solution to achieve the purpose of this invention is: a liquid-cooled plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment, including a heat exchange plate, on which a working fluid inlet, a gradient flow channel, and a working fluid outlet are processed. The working fluid flows in from the working fluid inlet, into the gradient flow channel, and finally flows out from the working fluid outlet. The gradient flow channel has a gradient diameter distribution on the cross section perpendicular to the working fluid flow direction, which is used to achieve spatial matching between the basic flow rate and the heat load.

[0008] Furthermore, the cross-sectional gradient of the gradually changing flow channel satisfies the following: the cross-sectional width is smallest at the center and gradually increases symmetrically towards both sides.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes shape memory alloy regulating plates, which are fixedly connected to the heat exchange plate at the end near the working fluid inlet, and the other end is in a free state and near the inlet of the gradient flow channel; dynamic flow channels are formed between the shape memory alloy regulating plates.

[0010] Furthermore, the shape of the shape memory alloy regulating plate changes with temperature, thereby altering the effective flow area of ​​the dynamic flow, and the shape change of the shape memory alloy regulating plate is reversible; the shape memory alloy regulating plate is used to dynamically compensate the flow rate when local hot spots appear, thereby working in conjunction with the gradient flow channel to improve the dynamic temperature uniformity.

[0011] Furthermore, the width of the gradually changing flow channel cross-section is non-uniform and satisfies the following relationship: k represents the channel position, where the middle gradient channel position is k = 0, and the corresponding gradient channel width is W0; k gradually increases towards both sides perpendicular to the working fluid flow direction. It is the ratio of the widths of adjacent gradient flow channels, and the channel width gradually increases from the middle to both sides.

[0012] Furthermore, the width ratio y of adjacent gradient flow channels in the liquid cooling plate is adjusted between 0.6 and 0.9.

[0013] Furthermore, the austenitic phase transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy adjustment sheet is 45~65℃.

[0014] Furthermore, at high temperatures, the shape memory alloy adjustment plate bends outwards from the channel, reducing the coverage on the inlet and increasing the flow area by 20% to 50%.

[0015] Furthermore, each shape memory alloy regulating piece independently responds to the local temperature, bending and deforming in real time according to the temperature of the working fluid in the dynamic flow channel, thereby dynamically changing the flow distribution of the dynamic flow channel in real time.

[0016] Furthermore, the heat exchange plate includes an upper cover plate and a bottom plate, wherein the upper cover plate and the bottom plate are sealed together.

[0017] A liquid cooling device comprising the aforementioned non-uniform width channel and flow rate adaptively adjustable liquid cooling plate structure.

[0018] The significant advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are:

[0019] (1) The gradient flow channel design uses a gradient variable diameter structure with "narrow in the middle and wide at both ends" to match the working fluid flow distribution with the heat load distribution, which significantly improves the temperature uniformity.

[0020] (2) Shape memory alloy regulating plates utilize temperature response characteristics to achieve dynamic flow control, requiring no external energy, and are fast and inexpensive.

[0021] (3) Introduce the dimensionless ratio of adjacent channel widths (y) to optimize the flow channel design, enhance the universality and scalability of the scheme, and enable it to maintain excellent performance in heat dissipation systems of different scales. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channels and adaptive flow rate adjustment;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the gradient structure of the liquid cooling plate flow channel;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the automatic flow adjustment of shape memory metal when localized hot spots appear in the temperature.

[0025] In the diagram, 1-working fluid inlet, 2-heat exchange plate, 3-shape memory metal regulating plate, 4-gradient flow channel, 5-working fluid outlet, 6-dynamic flow channel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] This invention relates to a liquid-cooled plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment. The liquid-cooled plate includes: a working fluid inlet 1, a heat exchange plate 2, a shape memory alloy regulating plate 3, a gradient flow channel 4, and a working fluid outlet 5. The working fluid flows in from the working fluid inlet 1 and is diverted to the gradient flow channel 4 by the shape memory alloy regulating plate 3. When the temperature in a certain area of ​​the equipment rises or a hot spot appears, the shape memory alloy regulating plate 3 in that area deforms due to heat, increasing the width of the dynamic flow channel 6, allowing more working fluid to flow to the high heat load area.

[0028] The gradient flow channel 4 is a gradient-diameter channel. The gradual width design of the gradient flow channel 4 simultaneously promotes flow distribution. The wide channels at both ends accommodate a larger flow rate, while the narrow channel in the middle restricts the flow rate. Finally, the working fluid flows out from the working fluid outlet 5. This design achieves on-demand flow distribution through the synergistic effect of shape memory metal dynamic adjustment and the gradient flow channel structure.

[0029] The width of section 4 of the gradient flow channel is non-uniform and satisfies the following relationship: k represents the channel position, where the middle gradient channel 4 is at position k = 0, and the corresponding width of the gradient channel 4 is W0; k gradually increases towards both sides perpendicular to the flow direction of the working medium. It is the ratio of the widths of adjacent gradient flow channels 4, and the channel width gradually increases from the middle to both sides.

[0030] The gradient flow channel 4 achieves spatial matching between the basic flow rate and the heat load, while the SMA regulating plate 3 dynamically compensates for the flow rate when local hot spots appear. The two work together to improve the dynamic temperature uniformity.

[0031] The core parameters of the liquid-cooled plate radiator can be flexibly adjusted according to actual heat dissipation requirements, specifically including:

[0032] The total number of gradient variable diameter flow channels 4 is adjustable (usually 5 to 15), the channel height remains constant (0.5 to 2 mm), the width gradually decreases from the center to both sides, and the width ratio y between adjacent channels can be adjusted between 0.6 and 0.9 to adapt to different heat load distribution scenarios;

[0033] The total length of the microchannel is adjustable (50~200mm), and the effective heat exchange length of the channel can be flexibly adapted by changing the position of the inlet and outlet manifolds;

[0034] The shape memory alloy adjustment plate 3 is adjustable in size (length 5~15mm, width matches the channel inlet), and its austenitic phase transformation temperature can be finely adjusted by alloy composition to adapt to the safe temperature threshold of different equipment.

[0035] The diameters of the working medium inlet 1 and the working medium outlet 5 are adjustable, with a diameter adjustment range of 3~10mm. By changing the flow cross section, it can match pump system with different flow ranges.

[0036] The key structural features of the liquid cooling plate are as follows:

[0037] The width ratio y between adjacent channels of the liquid cooling plate can be adjusted between 0.6 and 0.9; the austenitic phase transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy adjusting plate 3 is 45~65℃;

[0038] The shape memory alloy adjustment piece 3 responds independently to local temperature and only bends and deforms when the temperature of the corresponding channel area is higher than the set temperature.

[0039] The microchannels are processed onto the base plate through etching or milling processes.

[0040] The shape memory alloy adjustment plate includes multiple sets of parallel shape memory alloy plates. The alloy plates are made of Ni-Ti based alloy and are set at the flow channel inlet branch. When the local temperature exceeds the set threshold, the alloy plate expands the corresponding flow channel inlet cross-sectional area due to thermal deformation. When the temperature decreases, it returns to its initial shape.

[0041] The cross-sectional shape of the gradient flow channel is rectangular or trapezoidal. When a local hot spot appears in the heat exchange plate, the hydraulic diameter of the dynamic flow channel between the shape memory alloy adjusting plates 3 corresponding to the hot spot location increases by 20% to 50%.

[0042] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixing" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; "connection" can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A liquid-cooled plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment, comprising a heat exchange plate having a working fluid inlet, a gradually changing flow channel, and a working fluid outlet, characterized in that, The working fluid flows in from the working fluid inlet, through the gradually changing flow channel, and finally flows out from the working fluid outlet. The gradually changing flow channel has a gradient diameter distribution on the cross section perpendicular to the working fluid flow direction, which is used to achieve spatial matching between the basic flow rate and the heat load.

2. The liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional gradient of the gradually changing flow channel satisfies the following: the cross-sectional width is the smallest at the center and gradually increases symmetrically towards both sides.

3. The liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes shape memory alloy regulating plates, which are fixedly connected to the heat exchange plate near the working fluid inlet end, while the other end is in a free state and near the inlet of the gradient flow channel; dynamic flow channels are formed between the shape memory alloy regulating plates.

4. The liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the shape memory alloy regulating plate changes with temperature, thereby altering the effective flow area of ​​the dynamic flow, and the shape change of the shape memory alloy regulating plate is reversible; the shape memory alloy regulating plate is used to dynamically compensate the flow rate when local hot spots occur, thereby working in conjunction with the gradient flow channel to improve the dynamic temperature uniformity.

5. The liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The width of the gradually changing flow channel cross-section is non-uniform and satisfies the following relationship: k represents the channel position, where the middle gradient channel position is k = 0, and the corresponding gradient channel width is W0; k gradually increases towards both sides perpendicular to the fluid flow direction. It is the ratio of the widths of adjacent gradient flow channels, and the channel width gradually increases from the middle to both sides.

6. The liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The width ratio y of adjacent gradient flow channels in the liquid cooling plate is adjusted between 0.6 and 0.

9.

7. The liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The austenitic phase transformation temperature of shape memory alloy adjustment plates is 45~65℃.

8. The liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, At high temperatures, the shape memory alloy adjustment plate bends outwards from the channel, reducing the coverage on the inlet and increasing the flow area by 20% to 50%.

9. The liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each shape memory alloy regulating plate responds independently to local temperature, bending and deforming in real time according to the temperature of the working fluid in the dynamic flow channel, thereby dynamically changing the flow distribution of the dynamic flow channel in real time.

10. The liquid cooling plate structure with non-uniform width channel and adaptive flow rate adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange plate includes an upper cover plate and a bottom plate, wherein the upper cover plate and the bottom plate are sealed together.

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