Reactive organophosphorus flame retardant as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The molecular formula of the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant is shown as a formula (1), a formula (2), a formula (3) or a formula (4). According to the technical scheme, the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant contains a terminal epoxy group or a terminal alkenyl group, can enter a polymer chain, and is high in reaction activity, non-volatile after reaction, high in non-mobility, good in durability and small in influence on the mechanical property of matrix resin; the phosphorus content is high (about 9-22%), and the flame retardance is high; the coating does not contain phosphate groups, and is low in water absorption and good in hydrolysis resistance. The reaction type organic phosphorus flame retardant can be subjected to copolymerization reaction with resin containing epoxy groups, isocyanate groups, vinyl and the like, the flame retardant is grafted to a main chain of the resin, the migration problem of an additive type flame retardant is solved, and the influence on the mechanical property and other properties of matrix resin is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polymer materials technology, and in particular to a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Polymer materials, with their excellent comprehensive properties, have been widely applied in many fields of industrial production and daily life, such as plastic packaging, building materials, and electronic component housings. However, these materials generally possess flammable properties, releasing not only a large amount of heat when burning but also potentially producing toxic fumes. This makes unmodified polymer materials completely unable to meet the stringent fire safety standards of industries such as construction, aerospace, transportation, and electronics, greatly limiting their application scope. To address this critical issue, the industry typically employs the method of adding flame retardants to polymer materials to impart the necessary flame-retardant properties. However, with the increasing global awareness of environmental protection, traditional halogenated flame retardants have faced strict scrutiny and usage restrictions due to their potential to release harmful halogens during combustion and their long-term environmental impact after disposal. Against this backdrop, the flame retardant industry faces clear pressure for technological transformation, with the research and application of more environmentally friendly alternatives becoming the mainstream direction. Organophosphorus flame retardants are an important research category within this field. Existing technologies show that various organophosphorus compounds can effectively improve the flame retardant effect of polymers. However, most of the current mainstream organophosphorus flame retardants are additive flame retardants. These flame retardants have obvious defects in use: not only do they require a large amount to achieve the expected effect, but they also easily lead to a significant deterioration in the physical strength, toughness and other mechanical properties of the material. At the same time, they have poor compatibility with the resin matrix, are easy to leach from the material, affecting the product's appearance and service life, and phosphorus elements are easy to dissolve after disposal, causing pollution to soil, water and other environments. In addition, most halogen-free phosphorus flame retardants on the market are mainly phosphate esters. These flame retardants also have the problem of easily absorbing moisture from the air and undergoing hydrolysis in humid environments, resulting in poor chemical stability and difficulty in adapting to complex application scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above technical problems, this invention discloses a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant, its preparation method, and its application. This reactive flame retardant does not affect the mechanical properties of the base resin, has high stability, low volatility and migration, and can be applied to high-end applications, reducing the risk of fire accidents. It solves the problems of conventional additive low-molecular-weight flame retardants having high volatility and migration, poor durability, and easily affecting the mechanical properties of the base resin.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A reactive organophosphorus flame retardant, the molecular formula of which is shown in formula (1), formula (2), formula (3) or formula (4): (1), (2), (3), (4), where M is a metallic element.

[0005] The flame retardant of the technical solution of the present invention is an organic hypophosphite derivative and salt. This flame retardant not only has a high phosphorus content, which can effectively exert the flame retardant effect, but also contains active groups that can chemically react with the resin matrix to achieve bonding. It does not affect the original mechanical properties of the resin, and also has the advantages of high stability, low volatility and migration, which can meet the stringent requirements of high-end fields for flame retardants.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, M is a metallic element such as Li, Na, K, or Zn. When M is Li or Na, the flame retardant is a terminal epoxy group organic lithium hypophosphite, a terminal epoxy group organic sodium hypophosphite, a terminal alkenyl organic lithium hypophosphite, or a terminal alkenyl organic sodium hypophosphite, which can be used in lithium-ion batteries or sodium-ion batteries to help improve the flame retardancy and electrical performance of the battery.

[0007] This invention also discloses a method for preparing the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant as described above, comprising the following steps: Hypophosphoric acid and a bifunctional monomer containing both epoxy and alkenyl groups are added to a solvent at a molar ratio of 1:1.005-2.05. A free radical initiator, such as a photoinitiator or thermal initiator, is added. The reaction is carried out via phosphino-alkenyl click chemistry under ultraviolet light irradiation or a constant temperature water bath at 55-65℃, with reflux stirring for at least 5 hours to obtain a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant with terminal epoxy groups. The technical solution of this invention successfully prepares a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant by chemically reacting hypophosphoric acid with a bifunctional substance. The molecular formula of the product is shown in formula (1). or, Hypophosphoric acid and a bifunctional monomer containing both epoxy and alkenyl groups were added to a solvent at a molar ratio of 1:1.005-2.05. A catalyst was added, and the mixture was refluxed and stirred under constant temperature water bath conditions of 55-65℃ for more than 5 hours to produce a phospho-epoxy reaction, resulting in a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant with terminal alkenyl groups. The molecular formula of the product is shown in formula (2).

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, after reacting for more than 5 hours, an alkali is added for acid-base neutralization to obtain the reaction product as shown in formula (3) or formula (4). Further, the metal in the alkali is Li, Na, K, or Zn. Using this technical solution, an epoxy-terminated organic phosphorus-containing salt flame retardant can be obtained.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bifunctional monomer containing both epoxy and alkenyl groups includes at least one of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), glycidyl acrylate, 1,2-epoxy-7-octene, 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene, 1,2-epoxy-4-pentene, and vinyl ethylene oxide.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the photoinitiator or thermal initiator includes at least one of benzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone, and trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphonate ethyl ester.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the amount of the photoinitiator or thermal initiator is 0.1 to 3% of the total mass of the monomer.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the catalyst is at least one of triphenylphosphine, triethylamine or dimethylbenzylamine.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the solvent includes at least one selected from acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, and cyclohexane.

[0014] The present invention also discloses the application of the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant as described above in flame retardant resins, positive and negative electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries or sodium-ion batteries.

[0015] The present invention also discloses a flame-retardant resin, which is obtained by mixing and reacting the resin with the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant as described above.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The reactive organophosphorus flame retardants of this invention are terminal epoxy group organophosphoric acid flame retardants, terminal epoxy group organophosphoric acid flame retardants, terminal alkenyl group organophosphoric acid flame retardants, and terminal alkenyl group organophosphoric acid flame retardants. They are reactive monomers that can enter the polymer chain, exhibiting high reactivity, non-volatility after reaction, high non-migration, good durability, and minimal impact on the mechanical properties of the base resin. They have a high phosphorus content (approximately 9-22 wt%), resulting in high flame retardancy; they are free of phosphate ester groups, have low water absorption, and good hydrolysis resistance. Furthermore, the reactive organophosphorus flame retardants of this invention can copolymerize with resins containing epoxy groups, isocyanate groups, and alkenyl groups, grafting the flame retardant onto the resin backbone, thus solving the migration problem of additive flame retardants and minimizing the impact on the mechanical and other properties of the base resin. In addition to conventional resin flame retardant applications, the terminal epoxy group organic lithium hypophosphite, terminal epoxy group organic sodium hypophosphite, terminal alkenyl organic lithium hypophosphite, and terminal alkenyl organic sodium hypophosphite of the present invention can also be used in lithium-ion batteries or sodium-ion batteries, which helps to improve the flame retardancy and electrical performance of the batteries. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0018] A reactive organophosphorus flame retardant is a terminal epoxy group organic hypophosphite flame retardant, a terminal epoxy group organic hypophosphite flame retardant, a terminal alkenyl organic hypophosphite flame retardant, and a terminal alkenyl organic hypophosphite flame retardant. Typical molecular structural formulas of the terminal epoxy group organic hypophosphite flame retardant and the terminal alkenyl hypophosphite flame retardant are shown in formula (1) and formula (2): (1), (2), Typical molecular structures of terminal epoxy group organic hypophosphite and terminal alkenyl group organic hypophosphite flame retardants are shown in formulas (3) and (4): (3), (4), where M is a metallic element such as Li, Na, K, Zn, etc.

[0019] The preparation method of the above-mentioned epoxy-terminated hypophosphite flame retardant includes: Hypophosphoric acid, a bifunctional monomer containing both epoxy and alkenyl groups in a molar ratio of 1:1.005-1:2.05 (with a slight excess of the bifunctional monomer to make it the molecular terminus), and solvent are added to a three-necked flask. 0.01-1% of a photoinitiator or thermal initiator by monomer mass is added. The reaction is carried out using the phosphino-alkenyl click chemistry method under ultraviolet light or in a constant temperature water bath at 60°C, with reflux and stirring for 6 hours. After the experiment, a resinous solid is obtained. This product is the terminal epoxy organophosphoric acid flame retardant.

[0020] Alternatively, hypophosphoric acid and a bifunctional monomer containing both epoxy and alkenyl groups are added to a solvent at a molar ratio of 1:1.005-2.05. A catalyst is added, and the mixture is refluxed and stirred under constant temperature water bath conditions of 55-65℃ for more than 5 hours to induce a phosphino-epoxy reaction, thereby obtaining a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant with terminal alkenyl groups.

[0021] When the ratio of hypophosphorous acid to the bifunctional monomer is in the range of 1:1 to 1:2, some products have an epoxy or alkenyl group at one end and a pH group at the other. A typical synthetic route is shown below: or

[0022] The initiator can be one or more of the same or a mixture thereof. Including but not limited to: benzoyl peroxide (BPO), dicumyl peroxide (DCP), azobisisobutyronitrile, trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone, ethyl trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphonate, or mixtures thereof.

[0023] The catalyst can be one or more, or a mixture thereof. Examples include, but are not limited to, triphenylphosphine, triethylamine, or dimethylbenzylamine.

[0024] Monomers containing both epoxy and alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, at least one of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), glycidyl acrylate (GAA), 1,2-epoxy-7-octene, 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene, 1,2-epoxy-4-pentene, and vinyl ethylene oxide (VO).

[0025] The solvent is a conventional solvent such as acetone or methyl isobutyl ketone.

[0026] The following description uses specific examples to illustrate the point. Example 1

[0027] The preparation of terminal epoxy group organic hypophosphite flame retardant VO-HPA using the above preparation method includes: Hypophosphoric acid (HPA) and vinyl ethylene oxide (VO) were added to a three-necked flask at a molar ratio of 1:1.005. 0.1% of the total mass of monomers of the initiator 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone was added, and the mixture was stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was then irradiated under ultraviolet light for 2 minutes to obtain a solid, which is an epoxy-terminated organic hypophosphoric acid flame retardant (VO-HPA).

[0028] The organophosphoric acid flame retardant (VO-HPA) prepared in this embodiment is mixed with epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent (the amount of triethylenetetramine curing agent is 12% of the amount of E-51). The amount of epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent is 80wt%, and the amount of VO-HPA is 20wt%. The mixture is left at room temperature for 24h or heated at 60℃ for 6h to obtain flame-retardant epoxy resin. Example 2

[0029] The preparation of terminal epoxy group organic hypophosphite flame retardant VO-HPA using the above preparation method includes: Phosphorous hypophosphite and vinyl ethylene oxide (VO) were added to a three-necked flask at a molar ratio of 1:2.05. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIB) initiator, accounting for 1% of the total mass of the monomers, was added and stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was then irradiated under ultraviolet light for 2 minutes to obtain a solid, which is an epoxy-terminated organic hypophosphite flame retardant (VO-HPA).

[0030] The organophosphoric acid flame retardant (VO-HPA) prepared in this embodiment is mixed with epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent (the amount of triethylenetetramine curing agent is 12% of the amount of E-51). The amount of epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent is 70wt%, and the amount of VO-HPA is 30wt%. The mixture is left at room temperature for 24h or heated at 60℃ for 6h to obtain flame-retardant epoxy resin. Example 3

[0031] The terminal alkenyl organophosphoric acid flame retardant VO-HPA is prepared using the above method, comprising: Hypophosphoric acid (HPA) and vinyl ethylene oxide (VO) were added to a three-necked flask at a molar ratio of 1:1.005. Triphenylphosphine catalyst at 0.1% of the total mass of monomers was added, and the mixture was stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was then heated in a water bath at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a solid, which is a terminal alkenyl organic hypophosphoric acid flame retardant (VO-HPA).

[0032] The terminal alkenyl organophosphoric acid flame retardant (VO-HPA) prepared in this embodiment was mixed with MMA monomer, with MMA accounting for 69.9 wt% and VO-HPA accounting for 30 wt%. 0.1 wt% of UV curing agent was added, and the mixture was reacted under UV irradiation to obtain flame retardant resin. Example 4

[0033] The epoxy-terminated organophosphoric acid flame retardant GMA-HPA was prepared using the above method, comprising: Phosphorous hypophosphite and GMA were added to a three-necked flask at a molar ratio of 1:1.005. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIB) initiator, which accounted for 1% of the total mass of the monomers, was added. The mixture was stirred until homogeneous and heated in a water bath at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a solid. This solid is an epoxy-terminated organic hypophosphite flame retardant (GMA-HPA).

[0034] The organophosphoric acid flame retardant (GMA-HPA) prepared in this embodiment is mixed with epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent (the amount of triethylenetetramine curing agent is 12% of the amount of E-51). The amount of epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent is 70wt%, and the amount of GMA-HPA is 30wt%. The mixture is left at room temperature for 24h or heated at 60℃ for 6h to obtain flame-retardant epoxy resin. Example 5

[0035] The terminal alkenyl organophosphoric acid flame retardant GMA-HPA was prepared using the above method, comprising: Hypophosphoric acid (HPA) and GMA were added to a three-necked flask at a molar ratio of 1:1.005. Triphenylphosphine catalyst at 0.1% of the total mass of monomers was added, and the mixture was stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was then heated in a water bath at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a solid, which is a terminal alkenyl organic hypophosphoric acid flame retardant (GMA-HPA).

[0036] The terminal alkenyl organophosphoric acid flame retardant (GMA-HPA) prepared in this embodiment was mixed with MMA monomer, with MMA accounting for 69.9 wt% and GMA-HPA accounting for 30 wt%. 0.1 wt% of UV curing agent was added, and the mixture was reacted under UV irradiation to obtain flame retardant resin. Example 6

[0037] The terminal alkenyl organophosphoric acid flame retardant GMA-HPA was prepared using the above method, comprising: Hypophosphoric acid (HPA) and GMA were added to a three-necked flask at a molar ratio of 1:2.005. Triphenylphosphine catalyst at 0.1% of the total mass of monomers was added, and the mixture was stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was then heated in a water bath at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain a solid, which is a terminal alkenyl organic hypophosphoric acid flame retardant (GMA-HPA).

[0038] The terminal alkenyl organic hypophosphite flame retardant (GMA-HPA) solid was dissolved in a solvent, and then sodium hydroxide was added for acid-base neutralization. After neutralization, the solvent was evaporated and the impurities were removed by washing to obtain the terminal alkenyl organic hypophosphite sodium flame retardant (GMA-HPA-Na).

[0039] The terminal alkenyl organic sodium hypophosphite (GMA-HPA-Na) prepared in this embodiment was mixed with MMA monomer, with MMA accounting for 69.9 wt% and GMA-HPA-Na accounting for 30 wt%. 0.1 wt% of a UV curing agent was added, and the mixture was reacted under UV irradiation to obtain a flame-retardant resin.

[0040] Comparative Example 1 Organic hypophosphite flame retardant (RDP) is mixed with epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent (the amount of triethylenetetramine curing agent is 12% of the amount of E-51). The amount of epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent is 80wt%, and the amount of RDP is 20wt%. The mixture is left at room temperature for 24h or heated at 60℃ for 6h to obtain flame-retardant epoxy resin.

[0041] Comparative Example 2 Organic hypophosphite flame retardant (RDP) is mixed with epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent (the amount of triethylenetetramine curing agent is 12% of the amount of E-51). The amount of epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent is 70wt%, and the amount of RDP is 30wt%. The mixture is left at room temperature for 24h or heated at 60℃ for 6h to obtain flame-retardant epoxy resin.

[0042] Comparative Example 3 Organic hypophosphite flame retardant (RDP) was mixed with MMA monomer, with MMA accounting for 69.9 wt% and RDP accounting for 30 wt%. 0.1 wt% of UV curing agent was added, and the mixture was reacted under UV irradiation to obtain flame retardant resin.

[0043] Comparative Example 4 Organic hypophosphite flame retardant (RDP) is mixed with epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent (the amount of triethylenetetramine curing agent is 12% of the amount of E-51). The amount of epoxy resin E-51 and its triethylenetetramine curing agent is 70wt%, and the amount of RDP is 30wt%. The mixture is left at room temperature for 24h or heated at 60℃ for 6h to obtain flame-retardant epoxy resin.

[0044] Comparative Example 5 Organic hypophosphite flame retardant (RDP) was mixed with MMA monomer, with MMA accounting for 69.9 wt% and RDP accounting for 30 wt%. 0.1 wt% of UV curing agent was added, and the mixture was reacted under UV irradiation to obtain flame retardant resin.

[0045] The difference between the examples and the comparative examples lies in the fact that the examples used the terminal epoxy group organic hypophosphite flame retardant or the terminal alkenyl group organic hypophosphite flame retardant synthesized according to the present invention, while the comparative examples used a phosphate ester (RDP) flame retardant. The former is reactive, while the latter is additive. The resulting flame-retardant resins show a clear difference.

[0046] The resin obtained above was tested for flame retardancy, migration resistance, extraction resistance, water absorption and adhesion. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1. Comparison of formulations and performance between Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5 Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 3 Example 4 Comparative Example 4 Example 5 Comparative Example 5 Example 6 MMA dosage 69.9% 69.9% - - 69.9% 69.9% 69.9% Dosage of UV curing agent - - - - 0.1% 0.1% - - 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Terminal alkenyl organophosphoric acid flame retardant (VO-HPA) - - - - 30% - - - - Terminal alkenyl organophosphoric acid flame retardant (GMA-HPA) 30% Terminal alkenyl organophosphorus sodium flame retardant (GMA-HPA-Na) 30% Epoxy resins and their curing agents 80% 80% 70% 70% - - 70% 70% VO-HPA flame retardant with terminal epoxy groups. 20% - 30% - - - 30% - Phosphate ester (RDP) flame retardant - 20% - 30% - 30% - 30% 30% Flame retardant performance UL94 V-0 Non-flame retardant V-0 V-1 V-0 V-1 V-0 V-1 V-0 V-1 V-0 Migration resistance of flame retardants Migration Resistance There is migration Migration Resistance There is migration Migration Resistance There is migration Migration Resistance There is migration Migration Resistance There is migration Migration Resistance Flame retardant's resistance to extraction Extraction resistance There was an extraction Extraction resistance There was an extraction Extraction resistance There was an extraction Extraction resistance There was an extraction Extraction resistance There was an extraction Extraction resistance Water absorption of flame retardants Non-absorbent Absorbent Non-absorbent Absorbent Non-absorbent Absorbent Non-absorbent Absorbent Non-absorbent Absorbent Non-absorbent Bond strength (MPa) >10 <5 >10 <5 >4 <2 >10 <5 >4 <2 >4 Note: The percentage of dosage in Table 1 is by mass. Generally speaking, the adhesive strength of epoxy resin is much higher than that of MMA. Therefore, specific adhesive strengths can only be compared with their respective comparative examples, and cannot be compared between different materials.

[0048] As can be seen from the data comparison in Table 1, the flame retardant using the technical solution of the present invention has good compatibility with acrylic resin or epoxy resin, and can improve the flame retardant performance of transparent resin. The flame retardant has good resistance to extraction, does not absorb water, and has strong adhesion.

[0049] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactive organophosphorus flame retardant characterized by: The molecular formula is shown as formula (1), formula (2), formula (3) or formula (4): （1）， （2）， （3）， (4), wherein M is a metal element.

2. The reaction-type organophosphorus flame retardant according to claim 1, characterized by: M is Li, Na, K or Zn.

3. The method for producing a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: The hypophosphorous acid and the bifunctional monomer containing both epoxy group and alkenyl group are added into a solvent in a molar ratio of 1:1.005-2.05, a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator is added, and a phosphine group-alkenyl group click chemistry is performed under the condition of ultraviolet irradiation or a constant temperature water bath at 55-65 DEG C, condensation reflux stirring and reaction for more than 5h to obtain a reactive organic phosphorus flame retardant with an end epoxy group, and the product has a molecular formula as shown in formula (1); Or, The hypophosphorous acid and the bifunctional monomer containing both epoxy group and alkenyl group are added into a solvent in a molar ratio of 1:1.005-2.05, a catalyst is added, and a constant temperature water bath at 55-65 DEG C is used for condensation reflux stirring and reaction for more than 5h to cause a phosphine group-epoxy group reaction and obtain a reactive organic phosphorus flame retardant with an end alkenyl group, and the product has a molecular formula as shown in formula (2).

4. The method for producing a reactive organophosphorus flame retardant according to claim 3, characterized by: After reaction for more than 5h, an acid-base neutralization is performed by adding a base to obtain a reaction product as shown in formula (3) or formula (4).

5. The method for preparing the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bifunctional monomer containing both epoxy group and alkenyl group includes at least one of glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, 1,2-epoxy-7-octene, 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene, 1,2-epoxy-4-pentene and vinyl epoxy ethane.

6. The method for preparing the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant according to claim 3, characterized in that: The photoinitiator or thermal initiator includes at least one of dibenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl phosphine oxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone, ethyl trimethylbenzoyl phenyl phosphonate, and the amount of the photoinitiator or thermal initiator is 0.1-3% of the total mass of the monomers.

7. The method for preparing the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant according to claim 3, characterized in that: The catalyst is at least one of triphenylphosphine, triethylamine or dimethylbenzylamine.

8. The method for preparing the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant according to claim 6, characterized in that: The solvent includes at least one of acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene and cyclohexane.

9. The use of the reactive organophosphorus flame retardant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by: The reactive organic phosphorus flame retardant is used in a resin, a positive or negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery or a sodium ion battery.

10. A flame retardant resin characterized by comprising: The reactive organic phosphorus flame retardant is mixed with a resin to obtain a product.

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