Carbon fiber reinforced acrylic acid composite membrane as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of composite membrane materials, and particularly discloses a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic acid composite membrane which comprises a bottom layer with the thickness of 5-10 microns, a middle layer with the thickness of 30-40 microns and a surface layer with the thickness of 10-15 microns. The raw materials of the bottom layer, the middle layer and the surface layer comprise difunctional modified acrylic resin; the bifunctional modified acrylic resin is obtained by copolymerizing acrylic resin with isobornyl methacrylate and bis (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide under the action of an initiator by taking the acrylic resin with the light transmittance greater than or equal to 90% as a main body; the weight ratio of the acrylic resin to the isobornyl methacrylate to the bis (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide is 65 to (5 to 10) to (3 to 5). The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic acid composite film provided by the invention has the characteristics of good mechanical property, good conductivity, excellent solvent resistance and the like, can be used for manufacturing a conductive substrate of a perovskite solar cell, and has a very good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of composite membrane materials technology, specifically to a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite membrane, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite solar cells, as an emerging high-efficiency photovoltaic technology, have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent photoelectric conversion performance and low fabrication cost. In the device structure of perovskite solar cells, the conductive substrate not only serves as the mechanical support of the device but also plays a crucial role in charge collection and transport. An ideal conductive substrate should possess good flexibility, excellent conductivity, excellent solvent resistance, and long-term stability.

[0003] However, existing perovskite conductive substrate materials in the industry still have the following drawbacks in their use. For example, polymer materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyimide (PI), while possessing a certain degree of flexibility and light transmittance, have poor mechanical strength and are prone to cracking or breakage after repeated bending. Furthermore, they have poor resistance to the polar organic solvents (such as DMF and DMSO) commonly used in perovskite preparation, easily leading to swelling and severely affecting the lifespan and performance stability of the devices. While epoxy resin-based carbon fiber composites possess excellent mechanical properties and dimensional stability, these composites suffer from poor film-forming properties, long curing cycles, and uneven conductivity, failing to meet the multifunctional requirements of perovskite solar cells. Although acrylic-based composite film materials possess certain film-forming properties and light transmittance, they generally suffer from insufficient solvent resistance and anisotropic conductivity due to uneven carbon fiber dispersion, similarly failing to meet the stringent requirements of perovskite devices for comprehensive substrate performance.

[0004] Therefore, developing a composite film material that combines high mechanical strength, high conductivity, excellent solvent resistance, high light transmittance, and high surface smoothness is of great significance for the application of flexible perovskite solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problem that existing perovskite conductive substrate materials cannot simultaneously achieve good mechanical properties, conductivity, solvent resistance, light transmittance, and surface flatness, this application provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film, its preparation method, and its application.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film, which adopts the following technical solution: A carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film includes a bottom layer with a thickness of 5-10 μm, an intermediate layer with a thickness of 30-40 μm, and a top layer with a thickness of 10-15 μm. The raw materials of the bottom layer include bifunctional modified acrylic resin, carbon nanotubes, dispersant and curing agent; The raw materials for the intermediate layer include bifunctional modified acrylic resin, functionalized carbon fiber, and curing agent; The raw materials for the surface layer include bifunctional modified acrylic resin, graphene quantum dots, and curing agent; The bifunctional modified acrylic resin is obtained by copolymerizing an acrylic resin with a light transmittance of ≥90% with isobornyl methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide under the action of an initiator; the weight ratio of the acrylic resin to isobornyl methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide is 65:(5-10):(3-5).

[0007] This application utilizes a bifunctional modified acrylic resin as the matrix material, mixes it with different functional raw materials, and prepares it according to a specific method to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film with a three-layer structure (a bottom conductive layer, a middle mechanical reinforcement layer, and a surface light-transmitting smoothing layer). Specifically, this application uses isobornyl methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide to modify the high-transmittance acrylic resin. Isobornyl methacrylate can significantly enhance the acrylic resin's resistance to polar solvents, while bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide can impart dynamic disulfide bond exchange capability to the material, enabling the composite film to achieve efficient self-repair through low-temperature heating after microcracks appear, thus improving the reliability of the substrate in long-term use. The composite film exhibits excellent conductivity by introducing carbon nanotubes into the bottom layer to construct a continuous conductive network within the coating. The introduction of functionalized carbon fibers in the middle layer and their directional alignment under an electric field significantly enhances the tensile strength and bending resistance of the composite film. The surface layer utilizes graphene carbon quantum dots to ensure high light transmittance without compromising surface smoothness. In summary, the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film provided in this application, through resin matrix modification and a three-layer film structure design, solves the problem of insufficient comprehensive performance in existing perovskite substrate materials, including mechanical properties, conductivity, solvent resistance, light transmittance, and surface smoothness. This carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film shows great promise for use in perovskite solar cell substrate materials.

[0008] In one specific embodiment, the acrylic resin is methyl methacrylate with a light transmittance of 92.4%.

[0009] Optionally, the bottom layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of bifunctional modified acrylic resin, 10-15 parts of carbon nanotubes, 5-8 parts of dispersant and 2-3 parts of curing agent; The intermediate layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of bifunctional modified acrylic resin, 10-15 parts of functionalized carbon fiber, and 2-3 parts of curing agent. The surface layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of bifunctional modified acrylic resin, 5-8 parts of graphene quantum dots, and 2-3 parts of curing agent.

[0010] Optionally, the preparation method of the functionalized carbon fiber is as follows: short-cut carbon fiber is placed in 65-68wt% concentrated nitric acid, refluxed at 100-110℃ for 2-3h, washed with water until neutral, and then vacuum dried; then it is immersed in 10-15wt% PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution, stirred at 30-40℃ for 5-6h, and vacuum dried to obtain functionalized carbon fiber.

[0011] Optionally, the curing agent is selected from one or more of benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.

[0012] Optionally, the dispersant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

[0013] Optionally, the particle size of the graphene quantum dots is 2-5 nm.

[0014] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film, comprising the following steps: Each layer of slurry is prepared separately; then the intermediate layer slurry is coated onto the surface of a temporary carrier, and a DC electric field of 0.5-1kV / cm is applied and maintained for 10-15 minutes, followed by pre-curing at 130-160℃ for 30-60 seconds to form a semi-cured intermediate layer; next, the bottom layer slurry is coated onto the surface of the semi-cured intermediate layer and pre-cured under UV light for 30-40 seconds; then, the top layer slurry is coated onto the other side of the intermediate layer and pre-cured under UV light for 20-30 seconds; finally, the entire assembly is placed in a hot press and fully cured at 130-160℃ for 10-15 minutes to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0015] Optionally, the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film is also subjected to oxygen plasma treatment at a power of 100-150W for 30-60s.

[0016] Thirdly, this application provides a conductive substrate for a perovskite solar cell, which is obtained by oxygen plasma treatment of a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0017] Fourthly, this application provides a perovskite solar cell comprising a conductive substrate, and an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode sequentially formed on the substrate.

[0018] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. This application provides a three-layer carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film, comprising a bottom layer with a thickness of 5-10 μm, an intermediate layer with a thickness of 30-40 μm, and a top layer with a thickness of 10-15 μm. The composite film can take into account comprehensive properties such as mechanical properties, conductivity, solvent resistance, high light transmittance, and surface smoothness, and has good application prospects in perovskite solar cell substrate materials.

[0019] 2. The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film provided in this application has a tensile strength of 153-170 MPa, a surface resistivity change rate of 3.4-4.2% after 1000 bends, a surface resistivity of 3.8-4.2 Ω / sq, a swelling rate of 1.7-2.3%, and a light transmittance of 92-93%. Detailed Implementation

[0020] This application provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film, comprising a bottom layer with a thickness of 5-10 μm, an intermediate layer with a thickness of 30-40 μm, and a top layer with a thickness of 10-15 μm; wherein, the bottom layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of bifunctional modified acrylic resin, 10-15 parts of carbon nanotubes, 5-8 parts of dispersant, and 2-3 parts of curing agent; the intermediate layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of bifunctional modified acrylic resin, 10-15 parts of functionalized carbon fiber, and 2-3 parts of curing agent; the top layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of bifunctional modified acrylic resin, 5-8 parts of graphene quantum dots, and 2-3 parts of curing agent.

[0021] In this application, the preparation method of functionalized carbon fiber is as follows: short-cut carbon fibers with a length of 50-100μm are placed in 65-68wt% concentrated nitric acid, refluxed at 100-110℃ for 2-3h, washed with water until neutral, and vacuum dried at 70-90℃; then they are immersed in 10-15wt% PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution, stirred at 30-40℃ for 5-6h, and vacuum dried at 70-90℃ to obtain functionalized carbon fiber.

[0022] In this application, the preparation method of the bifunctional modified acrylic resin is as follows: acrylic resin with a light transmittance ≥90%, isobornyl methacrylate, bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide and initiator BPO are mixed and stirred at 80-90℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain the bifunctional modified acrylic resin; the weight ratio of the acrylic resin to isobornyl methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide is 65:(5-10):(3-5).

[0023] The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film described in this application includes the following steps: (1) Weigh each layer of raw materials according to their weight proportions and mix them to obtain each layer of slurry; (2) Apply the intermediate layer slurry to the surface of the PET temporary carrier, apply a DC electric field of 0.5-1kV / cm, maintain for 10-15min, and then pre-cur at 130-160℃ for 30-60s to form a semi-cured intermediate layer; (3) Apply the bottom layer slurry to one side of the semi-cured intermediate layer and pre-cur it under UV light for 30-40s; peel off the PET temporary carrier and apply the top layer slurry to the other side of the intermediate layer and pre-cur it under UV light for 20-30s; finally, place the whole thing in a hot press and fully cure it at 130-160℃ for 10-15min; finally, perform oxygen plasma treatment on the surface of the composite film with a power of 100-150W and a time of 30-60s to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0024] All raw materials, reagents, solvents, etc. used in this application are commercially available.

[0025] The following describes this application in further detail with reference to preparation examples, embodiments, and performance testing. Preparation Example 1

[0026] Preparation Example 1 provides a bifunctional modified acrylic resin.

[0027] The preparation method of the above-mentioned bifunctional modified acrylic resin is as follows: 65g of methyl methacrylate (transmittance of 92.4%), 8g of copolyisoborneol methacrylate, 4g of bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide and 3g of initiator BPO are mixed and stirred at 85°C for 1h to obtain the bifunctional modified acrylic resin. The weight ratio of methyl methacrylate to isobornyl methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide is 65:8:4. Preparation Example 2

[0028] Preparation Example 2 provides a bifunctional modified acrylic resin.

[0029] The preparation method of the above-mentioned bifunctional modified acrylic resin is as follows: 65g of methyl methacrylate (transmittance of 92.4%), 5g of copolyisoborneol methacrylate, 4g of bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide and 3g of initiator BPO are mixed and stirred at 85°C for 1h to obtain the bifunctional modified acrylic resin. The weight ratio of methyl methacrylate resin to isoborneol methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide is 65:5:4. Preparation Example 3

[0030] Preparation Example 3 provides a bifunctional modified acrylic resin.

[0031] The preparation method of the above-mentioned bifunctional modified acrylic resin is as follows: 65g of methyl methacrylate (transmittance of 92.4%), 10g of copolyisoborneol methacrylate, 4g of bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide and 3g of initiator BPO are mixed and stirred at 85°C for 1h to obtain the bifunctional modified acrylic resin. The weight ratio of methyl methacrylate resin to isoborneol methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide is 65:10:4. Preparation Example 4

[0032] Preparation Example 4 provides a bifunctional modified acrylic resin.

[0033] The preparation method of the above-mentioned bifunctional modified acrylic resin is as follows: 65g of methyl methacrylate (transmittance of 92.4%), 8g of copolyisoborneol methacrylate, 4g of bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide and 3g of initiator BPO are mixed and stirred at 85°C for 1h to obtain the bifunctional modified acrylic resin. The weight ratio of methyl methacrylate resin to isobornyl methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide is 65:8:3. Preparation Example 5

[0034] Preparation Example 5 provides a bifunctional modified acrylic resin.

[0035] The preparation method of the above-mentioned bifunctional modified acrylic resin is as follows: 65g of methyl methacrylate (transmittance of 92.4%), 8g of copolyisoborneol methacrylate, 4g of bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide and 3g of initiator BPO are mixed and stirred at 85°C for 1h to obtain the bifunctional modified acrylic resin. The weight ratio of methyl methacrylate resin to isoborneol methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide is 65:8:5. Preparation Example 6

[0036] Preparation Example 6 provides a functionalized carbon fiber.

[0037] The above-mentioned functionalized carbon fiber preparation method is as follows: short carbon fibers with a length of 80 μm are placed in 65 wt% concentrated nitric acid, refluxed at 100 °C for 2 h, washed with water until pH is 7.2, and vacuum dried at 80 °C; then they are immersed in 12 wt% PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution, stirred at 35 °C for 5 h, and vacuum dried at 85 °C to obtain functionalized carbon fibers. Example 1

[0038] Example 1 provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0039] The preparation method of the above-mentioned carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film includes the following steps: (1) Weigh 65g of the bifunctional modified acrylic resin of Preparation Example 1, 13g of carbon nanotubes, 7g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and 2.5g of benzoyl peroxide, mix them evenly, stir at 5000rpm for 45min and sonicate at 400W for 1.5h to obtain the bottom layer slurry; weigh 80g of the bifunctional modified acrylic resin of Preparation Example 1, 13g of the functionalized carbon fiber of Preparation Example 6 and 2.5g of benzoyl peroxide, mix them evenly, stir at 4000rpm for 60min and sonicate at 300W for 2h to obtain the middle layer slurry; weigh 88g of the bifunctional modified acrylic resin of Preparation Example 1, 7g of graphene quantum dots and 2.5g of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, mix them evenly, stir at 3000rpm for 30min and sonicate at 500W for 1h to obtain the surface layer slurry; (2) Apply 70g of intermediate layer slurry to the surface of the PET temporary carrier, apply a DC electric field of 0.8kV / cm, maintain for 12min, and then pre-cur at 150℃ for 45s to form a semi-cured intermediate layer; (3) Apply 15g of bottom layer slurry to one side of the semi-cured intermediate layer and pre-cur it under UV light for 35s; peel off the PET temporary carrier and apply 25g of surface layer slurry to the other side of the intermediate layer and pre-cur it under UV light for 25s; finally, place the whole thing in a hot press and fully cure it at 150℃ for 15min; finally, perform oxygen plasma treatment on the surface of the composite film with a power of 120W and a time of 45s to obtain a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0040] According to the test results, the thickness of the bottom layer of the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film in Example 1 is 8.1±0.5μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 35.3±1.3μm, and the thickness of the top layer is 12.9±0.7μm. Examples 2-5

[0041] Examples 2-5 each provide a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0042] The difference between the above embodiments and Embodiment 1 is that the bifunctional modified acrylic resins of Embodiments 2-5 are derived from Embodiments 2-5 respectively. Examples 6-7

[0043] Examples 6-7 provide a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0044] The difference between the above embodiments and Embodiment 1 is that the amount of each component in each layer of slurry is as shown in Table 1 below.

[0045] Table 1. Amount of raw materials added to each layer in Examples 1 and 6-7 Example 8

[0046] Example 8 provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0047] The difference between the above embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the amount of each layer of slurry is as follows: 60g of intermediate layer slurry, 20g of bottom layer slurry, and 30g of surface layer slurry.

[0048] According to the test results, the thickness of the bottom layer of the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film in Example 8 is 9.8±0.3μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 30.4±1.5μm, and the thickness of the top layer is 14.7±0.3μm. Example 9

[0049] Example 9 provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0050] The difference between the above embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the amount of each layer of slurry is as follows: 80g of intermediate layer slurry, 10g of bottom layer slurry, and 20g of surface layer slurry.

[0051] According to the test results, the thickness of the bottom layer of the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film in Example 9 is 5.1±0.2μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 41.1±1.8μm, and the thickness of the top layer is 10.1±0.5μm. Example 10

[0052] Example 10 provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0053] The difference between the above embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the amount of each layer of slurry is as follows: 70g of intermediate layer slurry, 20g of bottom layer slurry, and 20g of surface layer slurry.

[0054] According to the test results, the thickness of the bottom layer of the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film in Example 10 is 10.1±0.4μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 35.3±1.2μm, and the thickness of the top layer is 10.0±0.3μm. Comparative Example 1

[0055] Comparative Example 1 provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0056] The difference between the above comparative example and Example 1 is that the amount of each layer of slurry used is as follows: 30g of intermediate layer slurry, 40g of bottom layer slurry, and 40g of surface layer slurry.

[0057] According to the test results, the thickness of the bottom layer of the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film in Comparative Example 1 is 20.3±0.5μm, the thickness of the middle layer is 15.2±0.6μm, and the thickness of the top layer is 20.2±0.4μm. Comparative Example 2

[0058] Comparative Example 2 provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0059] The difference between the above comparative example and Example 1 is that the bifunctional modified acrylic resin in each layer of slurry is replaced with methyl methacrylate. Comparative Example 3

[0060] Comparative Example 3 provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0061] The difference between the above comparative example and Example 1 is that carbon nanotubes are not added to the bottom slurry of the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film in Comparative Example 1. Comparative Example 4

[0062] Comparative Example 4 provides a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

[0063] The difference between the above comparative example and Example 1 is that the functionalized carbon fibers in the intermediate layer slurry of the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film in Comparative Example 1 are replaced with untreated short-cut carbon fibers with a length of 50-100μm. Performance testing

[0064] The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite films obtained in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to various performance tests, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0065] (1) Mechanical properties: The tensile strength and flexibility of the composite film were tested. The flexibility was characterized by examining the change rate of surface resistivity of the composite film after being repeatedly bent at 180° 1000 times.

[0066] (2) Conductivity: The conductivity of the composite film is characterized by detecting the surface resistivity.

[0067] (3) Solvent resistance: The composite film was immersed in DMF for 24 hours, and its solvent resistance was characterized by detecting the swelling rate.

[0068] (4) Transmittance: The transmittance of the composite film at 550nm was measured.

[0069] Table 2 Performance test results of carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite films obtained in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0070] According to the test results in Table 2, the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite films obtained in Examples 1-10 of this application have a tensile strength of 153-170 MPa, a surface resistivity change rate of 3.4-4.2% after 1000 bends, a surface resistivity of 3.8-4.2 Ω / sq, a swelling rate of 1.7-2.3%, and a light transmittance of 92.6-93.3%. In Comparative Example 1, the thickness of each layer was controlled as follows: bottom layer thickness 20.3±0.5 μm, middle layer thickness 15.2±0.6 μm, and surface layer thickness 20.2±0.4 μm. The resulting carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film had a tensile strength of only 128 MPa and a surface resistivity change rate as high as 7.5% after 1000 bends. In Comparative Example 2, using methyl methacrylate as the matrix, the resulting carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film had a tensile strength of only 143 MPa, a surface resistivity change rate as high as 4.1% after 1000 bends, and a swelling rate as high as 4.6%. In Comparative Example 3, no carbon nanotubes were added to the bottom slurry, resulting in a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film with a surface resistivity as high as 10.4 Ω / sq. In Comparative Example 4, an intermediate slurry was prepared using untreated short-cut carbon fibers with a length of 50-100 μm, resulting in a carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film with a tensile strength of only 136 MPa and a surface resistivity change rate as high as 6.0% after 1000 bending cycles. Therefore, this application demonstrates that isobornyl methacrylate and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide are used to copolymerize and modify acrylic resin to obtain bifunctional modified acrylic resin. Then, bifunctional modified acrylic resin, carbon nanotubes, dispersants, and curing agents are used as the bottom layer raw materials, bifunctional modified acrylic resin, functionalized carbon fibers, and curing agents are used as the middle layer raw materials, and bifunctional modified acrylic resin, graphene quantum dots, and curing agents are used as the top layer raw materials. By employing a specific method, a three-layer carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film can be prepared. This film can take into account comprehensive properties such as mechanical properties, conductivity, solvent resistance, and surface light transmittance and smoothness, and has a promising application prospect in perovskite solar cell substrate materials.

[0071] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon fiber-reinforced acrylic composite film, characterized by, The bottom layer has a thickness of 5-10 μm, the middle layer has a thickness of 30-40 μm, and the surface layer has a thickness of 10-15 μm; The raw material of the bottom layer comprises a bifunctional modified acrylic resin, carbon nanotubes, a dispersing agent, and a curing agent; The raw material of the middle layer comprises a bifunctional modified acrylic resin, functionalized carbon fibers, and a curing agent; The raw material of the surface layer comprises a bifunctional modified acrylic resin, graphene quantum dots, and a curing agent; The bifunctional modified acrylic resin is obtained by copolymerization of an acrylic resin with a light transmittance of ≥ 90% as a main body, isobornyl methacrylate, and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide under the action of an initiator; the weight ratio of the acrylic resin, isobornyl methacrylate, and bis(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) disulfide is 65:(5-10):(3-5).

2. The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film according to claim 1, characterized by, The bottom layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of a bifunctional modified acrylic resin, 10-15 parts of carbon nanotubes, 5-8 parts of a dispersing agent, and 2-3 parts of a curing agent; The middle layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of a bifunctional modified acrylic resin, 10-15 parts of functionalized carbon fibers, and 2-3 parts of a curing agent; The surface layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85-90 parts of a bifunctional modified acrylic resin, 5-8 parts of graphene quantum dots, and 2-3 parts of a curing agent.

3. The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation method of the functionalized carbon fibers is as follows: short-cut carbon fibers are placed in concentrated nitric acid with a concentration of 65-68 wt%, refluxed at 100-110 ℃ for 2-3 h, washed with water until neutral, and then vacuum dried; then the carbon fibers are soaked in a PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution with a concentration of 10-15 wt%, stirred at 30-40 ℃ for 5-6 h, and then vacuum dried to obtain the functionalized carbon fibers.

4. The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film according to claim 1, characterized by, The curing agent is selected from one or more of benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.

5. The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film according to claim 1, wherein The dispersing agent is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.

6. The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film according to claim 1, wherein The particle size of the graphene quantum dots is 2-5 nm.

7. The method for producing a carbon fiber-reinforced acrylic composite film according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: The slurry of each layer is prepared respectively; then the slurry of the middle layer is coated on the surface of a temporary carrier, a direct current electric field with a voltage of 0.5-1 kV / cm is applied, and the slurry is maintained for 10-15 min and pre-cured at 130-160 ℃ for 30-60 s to form a semi-cured middle layer; then the slurry of the bottom layer is coated on the surface of the semi-cured middle layer, and ultraviolet pre-cured for 30-40 s; The slurry of the surface layer is then coated on the other side of the middle layer, and ultraviolet pre-cured for 20-30 s; finally, the whole is placed in a hot press, fully cured at 130-160 ℃ for 10-15 min to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film.

8. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film according to claim 7, characterized in that, The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film is further subjected to oxygen plasma treatment, with a power of 100-150 W and a time of 30-60 s.

9. A conductive substrate for a perovskite solar cell, characterized by, The carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film is obtained by subjecting the carbon fiber reinforced acrylic composite film of any one of claims 1-6 to oxygen plasma treatment.

10. A perovskite solar cell, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: The method comprises the following steps:

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