Friction nanometer-electromagnetic coupling power generation system with optimized friction angular velocity

Abstract

The friction nanometer-electromagnetic coupling power generation system comprises a center rod, one end of the center rod is sleeved with a cylindrical inner friction layer and a cylindrical outer friction layer and connected with the input end of an electromagnetic generator, the other end of the center rod is connected with fan blades, and the middle of the center rod is connected with a planetary gear set; a planetary gear set sun gear and an inner friction layer are coaxially and fixedly connected with a center rod, a planetary gear is rotationally connected with an outer friction layer, a gear ring is connected with a generator shell sleeved with the outer friction layer, and the center rod is connected with a power transmission end through a surrounding type electric brush. A friction power generation structure composed of polytetrafluoroethylene and a PVC film is arranged between the inner friction layer and the outer friction layer, and the planetary gear set enables the friction layers to form 1.5-4 times of angular velocity difference at the transmission ratio of 2: 1 to 5: 1. The system adopts a TENG and EMG coupling design, the TENG outputs high-voltage excitation, the EMG outputs stable alternating current, efficient energy integration is achieved in cooperation with an energy management module, stable power generation can be achieved under 0.5-100 Hz low-frequency excitation, the system adapts to the high-altitude power transmission line environment, and the power generation efficiency and the energy utilization rate under low-frequency excitation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hybrid energy harvesting technology of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electromagnetic generators (EMGs), and in particular to a triboelectric nano-electromagnetic coupling power generation system with optimized triboelectric angular velocity. Background Technology

[0002] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as a novel energy conversion technology, have attracted considerable attention since their initial proposal in 2012 due to their high sensitivity, strong response to low-frequency vibrations, simple structure, and low cost. Based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction mechanism, TENGs can convert weak mechanical excitations, such as wind, raindrops, and vibrations, into electrical energy. According to different working principles and structural forms, TENGs are mainly divided into the following four basic modes: 1. Vertical contact separation mode; 2. In-plane contact sliding mode; 3. Single-electrode mode; 4. Independent layer mode.

[0003] Among them, the in-plane sliding mode has become one of the mainstream solutions suitable for wind energy harvesting due to its relatively long motion path, high output frequency, and high power density.

[0004] Current research indicates that by modifying surfaces and optimizing friction materials, charge transfer densities of tens to hundreds of nC per square centimeter can be achieved, and high-voltage signals can be stably output in the low-frequency range of 0.5 to 100 Hz.

[0005] However, the relatively small output current and high impedance of the triboelectric generator (TENG) limit its ability to directly power high-power devices. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have begun to couple it with an electromagnetic generator (EMG) to construct a "triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid power generation system." This system utilizes the TENG to provide high-voltage initial excitation and the EMG to provide stable alternating current, achieving complementary synergy and improving overall energy efficiency.

[0006] Furthermore, TENGs are highly sensitive to relative sliding speeds; therefore, introducing a speed-increasing mechanism into the structure can increase the effective output power of the TENG at the same external input frequency. This direction is currently in the early stages of exploration and has significant room for innovation.

[0007] Given the actual environmental characteristics of high-altitude transmission lines, most existing TENG / EMG devices have not undergone structural optimization, making it difficult to guarantee stable operation under different excitation conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that existing TENG / EMG devices have not been structurally optimized for the high-altitude transmission line environment, making it difficult to operate stably under different excitation conditions.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a triboelectric nano-electromagnetic coupling power generation system with optimized triboelectric angular velocity, comprising a central rod, one end of which is fitted with a cylindrical inner friction layer and an outer friction layer and connected to the input end of an electromagnetic generator, and the other end is connected to a fan blade. A planetary gear set is connected to the middle of the central rod, and the sun gear and the inner friction layer in the planetary gear set are coaxially fixedly connected to the central rod. The planetary gears are rotatably connected to the outer friction layer through a mounting shaft. The inner friction layer and the outer friction layer are arranged to rotate relative to each other, and a triboelectric power generation structure is set between the inner friction layer and the outer friction layer. The gear ring in the planetary gear set is connected to the generator housing fitted on the outer friction layer. The central rod is connected to the power transmission end through a brush.

[0010] Preferably, the brushes are arranged in a ring around the central rod.

[0011] Preferably, the transmission ratio of the planetary gear set is 2:1 to 5:1, and the angular velocity difference between the inner friction layer and the outer friction layer is 1.5 to 4 times.

[0012] Preferably, the central rod is rotatably connected to the generator housing via a ball bearing, and the triboelectric power generation structure includes a polytetrafluoroethylene film disposed on the outer side wall of the inner friction layer and a PVC film disposed on the inner side wall of the outer friction layer.

[0013] Preferably, the inner friction layer includes an upper inner friction layer and a lower inner friction layer, and the outer friction layer includes an upper outer friction layer and a lower outer friction layer. The upper inner friction layer is fixedly mounted on the central rod, and the lower inner friction layer is coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the upper inner friction layer. The upper outer friction layer and the lower outer friction layer are coaxially fixedly connected.

[0014] Preferably, annular connecting grooves and adapting protrusions are respectively provided between the connecting ends on the inner friction layer and the lower friction layer of the frame, and between the connecting ends on the outer friction layer and the lower friction layer of the frame.

[0015] Preferably, the substrates on the inner friction layer, the lower friction layer, the upper friction layer, and the lower friction layer are all made of alumina ceramic material, and the polytetrafluoroethylene film and PVC film are respectively bonded to the corresponding friction layer surfaces by high-temperature resistant silane adhesive.

[0016] Preferably, the fan blades include a plurality of fan blades, which are evenly distributed in a spiral shape on the mounting sleeve in the middle of the fan blades. The electromagnetic generator is equipped with a wind speed sensor and an electromagnetic brake that locks the rotation of the central rod according to the wind speed.

[0017] Preferably, needle roller bearings are provided between the planetary gears and the mounting shaft of the planetary gear set, and the surfaces of the teeth of the sun gear, planetary gears and gear ring are all carburized and quenched, with a surface hardness of not less than HRC55.

[0018] Preferably, the generator housing is a sealed structure, the inner wall of the housing is coated with an epoxy anti-rust coating, and the housing has ventilation holes with waterproof and breathable membranes installed inside the ventilation holes.

[0019] This invention provides a triboelectric nano-electromagnetic coupling power generation system with optimized triboelectric angular velocity, which has the following beneficial effects.

[0020] 1. Speed ​​regulation is achieved through a planetary gear set in the center of the central rod. Its transmission ratio of 2:1 to 5:1 allows for a 1.5-4 times angular velocity difference between the inner and outer friction layers, significantly improving the relative speed of the friction layers in in-plane sliding mode. This design precisely matches the sensitivity of triboelectric nanogenerators to relative sliding speed, effectively improving the charge transfer efficiency and output power density of the triboelectric power generation structure under the same wind energy excitation, thus solving the problem of insufficient output efficiency of traditional TENGs under low-frequency excitation.

[0021] 2. The system employs a coupled design of a triboelectric nanogenerator and an electromagnetic generator. The triboelectric nanogenerator utilizes the triboelectric effect of PTFE and PVC films to output a high-voltage signal, providing initial excitation for high-power devices. The electromagnetic generator, driven by a central rod, outputs stable AC power, thus complementing each other. With an integrated energy management module, the output energy of the two power generation units can be efficiently integrated, avoiding the performance limitations of a single power generation method and improving overall energy utilization. Furthermore, under low-frequency vibration excitation of 0.5-100Hz, the central rod will move axially, causing the inner friction layer to move and stimulating the power generation effect of the triboelectric nanogenerator through relative sliding. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure on the friction layer within the frame in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the planetary gear set in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal mounting structure of the generator housing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Center rod; 2. Ball bearing; 3. Planetary gear set; 4. Upper part of the outer friction layer of the frame; 5. Lower part of the outer friction layer of the frame; 6. Upper part of the inner friction layer of the frame; 7. Lower part of the inner friction layer of the frame; 8. Generator housing; 9. Fan blades. Detailed Implementation

[0028] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this invention provides a triboelectric nano-electromagnetic coupling power generation system with optimized triboelectric angular velocity, including a central rod 1. One end of the central rod 1 is fitted with a cylindrical inner friction layer and an outer friction layer and connected to the input end of an electromagnetic generator. The other end is connected to a fan blade 9. A planetary gear set 3 is connected to the middle of the central rod 1. The sun gear in the planetary gear set 3 and the inner friction layer are coaxially fixedly connected to the central rod 1. The planetary gears are rotatably connected to the outer friction layer through a mounting shaft. The inner friction layer and the outer friction layer are arranged to rotate relative to each other, and a triboelectric power generation structure is set between the inner friction layer and the outer friction layer. The gear ring in the planetary gear set 3 is connected to the generator housing 8 fitted on the outer friction layer. The central rod 1 is connected to the power transmission end through a brush.

[0029] The center rod 1 is made of No. 45 steel and has a galvanized surface for rust prevention. It is rotatably connected to the generator housing 8 via ball bearing 2.

[0030] The transmission ratio of planetary gear set 3 is set to 3:1, the number of teeth of the sun gear is 20, the number of teeth of the planet gears is 15, the number of teeth of the ring gear is 50, the surface of the gear teeth is carburized and quenched to HRC58, and NA4902 needle roller bearings are installed between the planet gears and the mounting shaft.

[0031] Both the inner and outer friction layers of the frame are made of 99% high-purity alumina ceramic. The upper 6 and lower 7 of the inner friction layer are connected to the matching protrusion through an annular connecting groove with a width of 10mm. A 0.1mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene film is bonded to the outer wall of the inner friction layer, and a 0.15mm thick PVC film is bonded to the inner wall of the outer friction layer. KH-550 silane adhesive is used as the adhesive.

[0032] The fan blade 9 has a total of 12 blades, and the fan blade 9 is connected to the center rod 1 via a spline.

[0033] The generator housing 8 is an aluminum alloy sealed structure with an inner wall coated with a 0.05mm thick epoxy zinc-rich coating. The vent hole diameter is 8mm, and a PTFE waterproof and breathable membrane is built in. The electromagnetic generator is equipped with an FS-300 wind speed sensor and an ED-10 electromagnetic brake.

[0034] When the wind speed reaches 3 m / s, the fan blades 9 drive the central rod 1 to rotate at 120 r / min. Through the planetary gear set 3, a 2.5 times angular velocity difference is created between the inner and outer friction layers. The triboelectric generator outputs a peak voltage of 350V and a peak current of 0.8mA. The electromagnetic generator simultaneously outputs 220V / 50Hz AC power, which, after processing by the energy management module, outputs a stable 5V / 1A voltage via a USB interface, providing continuous power to the temperature and humidity sensor on the power transmission line. When the wind speed exceeds 15 m / s, the wind speed sensor triggers the electromagnetic brake to lock the central rod 1, preventing equipment overload.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the brushes are arranged in a ring around the central rod 1. Six sets of copper-graphite brushes are evenly distributed around the conductive ring of the central rod 1 at a 60° angle. This ring arrangement ensures that the contact area between the brushes and the conductive ring remains stable, avoiding poor contact caused by wear or vibration on one side of the brush. The brush pressure is precisely adjusted to 0.3N by a stainless steel spring, which ensures both conductivity reliability and reduces friction and wear. The surface of the conductive ring is vacuum-plated with silver. The silver layer not only reduces the contact resistance to below 0.1Ω, improving power transmission efficiency, but also forms a dense anti-oxidation layer, significantly enhancing the corrosion resistance of the brush system and extending the maintenance cycle.

[0036] In planetary gear set 3, the sun gear corresponds to the inner friction layer, and the planet gears correspond to the outer friction layer. The gear ring is fixedly installed on the generator housing 8. The rotation of the sun gear drives the planet gears to roll around the gear ring. The inner friction layer rotates in sync with the sun gear, and the outer friction layer rotates with the rolling of the planet gears.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fan blade 9 comprises a plurality of blades, which are evenly distributed in a spiral shape on a mounting sleeve in the middle of the fan blade 9. The electromagnetic generator is equipped with a wind speed sensor and an electromagnetic brake that locks the rotation of the central rod 1 according to the wind speed. The set operating wind speed range for the fan blade 9 is 3-14 m / s. When the wind speed exceeds 14 m / s, the electromagnetic brake is controlled to brake the central rod 1 to prevent the generator from being overloaded. When the wind speed is below 3 m / s, it is insufficient to drive the fan blade 9 to rotate.

Claims

1. A frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system characterized by: The utility model provides a kind of center pole (1), center pole (1) one end is equipped with cylindrical inner friction layer and outer friction layer and connects the input end of electromagnetic generator, the other end is connected with fan blade (9), center pole (1) middle part is connected with planetary gear set (3), sun gear in planetary gear set (3) and inner friction layer are coaxially fixed connection center pole (1), planetary gear is rotatably connected outer friction layer by mounting shaft, inner friction layer and outer friction layer are relatively rotatable and are arranged between inner friction layer and outer friction layer and are arranged between inner friction layer and outer friction layer friction power generation structure, gear ring in planetary gear set (3) is connected and is wrapped in the generator shell (8) on outer friction layer, center pole (1) is connected with power transmission end by brush.

2. A frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The brush is distributed around the center pole (1).

3. A frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The transmission ratio of the planetary gear set (3) is 2:1 to 5:1, and the angular velocity difference between the inner friction layer and the outer friction layer is 1.5-4 times.

4. A frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The center pole (1) is rotatably connected with the generator shell (8) through a ball bearing (2), and the friction power generation structure includes a polytetrafluoroethylene film arranged on the outer side wall of the inner friction layer and a PVC film arranged on the inner side wall of the outer friction layer.

5. A frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system as claimed in claim 4, wherein: The inner friction layer includes a frame inner friction layer upper (6) and a frame inner friction layer lower (7), and the outer friction layer includes a frame outer friction layer upper (4) and a frame outer friction layer lower (5). The frame inner friction layer upper (6) is fixedly wrapped on the center pole (1), and the frame inner friction layer lower (7) is coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the frame inner friction layer upper (6). The frame outer friction layer upper (4) and the frame outer friction layer lower (5) are coaxially fixedly connected.

6. A frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system as claimed in claim 5 wherein: Annular connecting grooves and adaptive protrusions are respectively arranged between the connecting ends of the frame inner friction layer upper (6) and the frame inner friction layer lower (7) and between the connecting ends of the frame outer friction layer upper (4) and the frame outer friction layer lower (5).

7. A frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system as claimed in claim 6 wherein: The base bodies of the frame inner friction layer upper (6), the frame inner friction layer lower (7), the frame outer friction layer upper (4), and the frame outer friction layer lower (5) are made of alumina ceramic material. The polytetrafluoroethylene film and the PVC film are respectively adhered to the surfaces of the corresponding friction layers by high-temperature-resistant silane adhesive.

8. A frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The fan blade (9) includes a plurality of fan blades uniformly distributed in the mounting sleeve in the middle part of the fan blade (9) in a spiral shape. The electromagnetic generator is provided with a wind speed sensor and an electromagnetic brake for locking the rotation of the center pole (1) according to the wind speed.

9. A frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system as claimed in claim 1 wherein: Rolling needle bearings are arranged between the planetary gears of the planetary gear set (3) and the mounting shafts. The tooth surfaces of the sun gear, the planetary gears, and the gear ring are subjected to carburizing and quenching treatment, and the surface hardness is not less than HRC55.

10. The frictional angular velocity optimized frictional nano-electromagnetic coupled power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The generator shell (8) has a sealed structure, the inner wall of the shell is coated with an epoxy anti-rust coating, a ventilation hole is formed in the shell, and a waterproof ventilation film is mounted in the ventilation hole.

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