Preposed throwing roll shaft type underground tuber crop harvesting device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tuber crop harvesting, and discloses a front throwing roll shaft type underground tuber crop harvesting device which comprises a rack mounted on a rear self-propelled sorting platform through a connecting mechanism, and the connecting mechanism is used for adjusting the mounting angle of the rack. An excavating mechanism and a conveying and crushing mechanism are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end of the rack. The digging mechanism and the conveying and soil crushing mechanism are arranged on the rack, digging and rhizome and soil separation can be completed at a time, conveying is conducted for follow-up sorting, the rhizome harvesting efficiency is improved, and the manual labor amount is reduced; the lifting and the angle of the front harvesting device can be adjusted by connecting the connecting mechanism with the rear self-propelled sorting platform, so that the digging depth of the front harvesting device is adjusted. The first-stage shifting roller unit adopts the design of alternating large and small shifting teeth, so that the crushed soil collision capability is improved; and by adopting the contractive conveying channel, the change of the working width can be realized under the condition of not changing a subsequent machine body, so that the improvement of the adaptability is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tuber crop harvesting, in particular to a front-throwing roller shaft type underground tuber crop harvesting device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Underground tuber crops (such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, lilies, etc.) are important food and economic crops, especially in hilly areas in the south, which are the key to increasing local characteristic agricultural income. However, due to the broken terrain, small land, heavy soil and large slope in hilly areas, the existing harvesting equipment is mostly adapted to plains, which has the problems of poor adaptability, complicated operation process and low efficiency, and insufficient stability in slope operation, high tuber damage rate caused by soil adhesion, and poor separation effect.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an underground tuber crop harvesting device with good adaptability and high efficiency to solve the above problems in the prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a front-throwing roller shaft type underground tuber crop harvesting device with good adaptability and high efficiency to adapt to the harvesting of underground tuber crops in hilly areas.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the following technical solutions are adopted: A front-throwing roller shaft type underground tuber crop harvesting device, comprising a rack mounted on a rear self-propelled sorting platform through a connecting mechanism, the connecting mechanism being used to adjust the installation angle of the rack, a digging mechanism and a conveying soil breaking mechanism being sequentially arranged on the front end to the rear end of the rack, and the digging mechanism, the conveying soil breaking mechanism and the rear self-propelled sorting platform being sequentially communicated; The digging mechanism is used to dig up the soil and send the dug material to the conveying soil breaking mechanism; The conveying soil breaking mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of poking roller units arranged at intervals on the rack, the poking roller units being used to transfer the material from the digging mechanism to the rear self-propelled sorting platform, the poking roller unit comprising a poking roller shaft rotatably arranged on the rack and a poking tooth arranged at intervals on the poking roller shaft, and the plurality of groups of poking roller units being driven by a transmission system.

[0006] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: The connecting mechanism comprises a hydraulic rod; The rear end of the rack is connected with a liftable component of the rear self-propelled sorting platform; One end of the hydraulic rod is hinged to the bottom of the rack, and the other end is hinged to the rear self-propelled sorting platform.

[0007] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: The rack is further provided with side plates on both sides, which are used to form a material channel.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: The side plates are further provided with retractable baffle plates on one side close to the material channel, which are used to gradually narrow the material channel from the front end to the rear end of the rack.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: The group of push roller units close to the digging mechanism are arranged with at least two kinds of different sizes of push teeth alternately.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: The push teeth on the adjacent two groups of push roller shafts are arranged alternately.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: The transmission system comprises a first sprocket connected with the power output end of the rear-mounted self-propelled sorting platform and a second sprocket arranged on the push roller shaft, the first sprocket and the second sprocket are connected through a chain transmission, and the second sprockets on the adjacent push roller shafts are connected through a chain transmission.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: The chains of the second sprockets are further connected with a tensioning wheel.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: The digging mechanism comprises a digging shovel, a conveying screen and a digging shovel fixing beam. The digging shovel is arranged at the front end of the rack through the digging shovel fixing beam. The conveying screen comprises a screen tooth fixing beam arranged at the front end of the conveying soil breaking mechanism and a plurality of groups of screen teeth arranged at intervals on the screen tooth fixing beam. The front end of the digging screen tooth extends to the digging shovel, and the rear end extends to the conveying soil breaking mechanism.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: The digging shovel is a split shovel, and the digging shovel is provided with a disc cutter assembly on both sides for preventing the side leakage of the dug soil and roots, and the disc cutter assembly is rotatably arranged.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: This invention employs a front-mounted roller structure. By setting up a digging mechanism and a soil-breaking conveying mechanism on the frame, it can complete digging, root and stem separation, and soil transport in one go, improving the harvesting efficiency of roots and stems and reducing manual labor. A hydraulic connection device is installed under the frame, connecting to a rear-mounted self-propelled sorting platform. The lifting and angle of the front-mounted harvesting device can be adjusted manually through the hydraulic system, thereby adjusting its digging depth to ensure the smooth progress of digging and harvesting operations. The soil-breaking conveying mechanism is equipped with multiple sets of teeth and multiple sets of roller units installed at the front and rear, effectively throwing the excavated root and stem soil mixture to the rear. During this process, the root and stem soil mixture continuously collides with the teeth, and the soil clods are broken up and fall out from the gaps, accelerating the separation efficiency of roots and stems from soil clods. At the same time, the first-stage roller unit adopts an alternating design of large and small teeth to improve the soil-breaking collision capability. The use of a converging conveying channel allows for changes in the working width without altering the subsequent machine body, thereby improving adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a front-mounted throwing roller type underground tuber crop harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view of a front-loading, roller-type underground tuber harvesting device; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the excavation mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the roller unit in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission system in an embodiment of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Frame; 11. Side plate; 12. Retractable baffle; 2. Excavating mechanism; 21. Excavating shovel; 22. Conveying screen; 23. Excavating shovel fixing beam; 24. Disc cutter assembly; 3. Conveying and crushing mechanism; 31. Bearing seat; 32. Pulley tooth; 33. Pulley roller shaft; 34. Spacer sleeve; 4. Transmission system; 41. First sprocket; 42. First sprocket; 43. Tensioning wheel; 5. Connecting mechanism; 51. Hydraulic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, this embodiment provides a front-mounted throwing roller type underground tuber crop harvesting device, including a frame installed on a rear-mounted self-propelled sorting platform via a connecting mechanism. The rear-mounted self-propelled sorting platform is an existing conventional device used to drive the front-mounted throwing roller type underground tuber crop harvesting device to walk on the ground and provide power for harvesting tuber crops, and also to sort and collect the tuber crops harvested by the front frame.

[0019] The connecting mechanism is used to adjust the installation angle of the frame. The front end and the rear end of the frame are sequentially provided with a digging mechanism and a conveying and crushing mechanism. The digging mechanism, the conveying and crushing mechanism and the rear self-propelled sorting platform are connected in sequence. The digging mechanism is used to dig soil and send the excavated material into the conveying and crushing mechanism. The conveying and crushing mechanism includes multiple sets of roller units spaced apart on the frame. The roller units are used to transfer the material from the digging mechanism to the rear self-propelled sorting platform. The roller units include roller shafts rotatably mounted on the frame and teeth spaced apart on the roller shafts. The multiple sets of roller units are driven by a transmission system.

[0020] The aforementioned front-mounted throwing roller type underground tuber crop harvesting device of this embodiment can be combined with an existing rear-mounted self-propelled sorting platform without modification, and can be used for harvesting tuber crops. Furthermore, through the specific design and coordination of the digging mechanism and the conveying and soil-breaking mechanism in this embodiment, digging, soil-separation, and conveying can be completed in one operation. After connecting to the rear-mounted self-propelled sorting power unit, conveying and sorting can be completed in one go, improving harvesting efficiency. The connecting mechanism facilitates adjustment of the height and angle of the front-mounted harvesting device, thereby adjusting its digging depth and ensuring the smooth progress of digging and harvesting operations. It is particularly suitable for harvesting tuber crops in uneven land in hilly areas of southern China, demonstrating good adaptability.

[0021] The connecting mechanism includes a hydraulic rod; the rear end of the frame is fixedly connected to the liftable component of the rear-mounted self-propelled sorting platform by bolts, and the liftable component can drive the rear end of the frame to rise and fall; one end of the hydraulic rod is hinged to the bottom middle position of the frame through a connecting frame, and the other end is hinged to the rear-mounted self-propelled sorting platform. By connecting the rear end of the frame to the liftable component of the rear-mounted self-propelled sorting platform for raising and lowering, the height and angle of the harvesting device in this embodiment can be easily adjusted, thereby adjusting the digging depth and angle to adapt to different working conditions. In particular, through the above-mentioned settings, the device in this embodiment can better adapt to the complex and varied terrain conditions of the hilly areas in the south.

[0022] The frame is also provided with side plates on both sides, which are used to form material channels. The two sets of side plates are also detachably provided with a shrinkage baffle on the side near the material channel, which is used to gradually narrow the material channel from the front end to the rear end of the frame.

[0023] In this embodiment, the roller unit is preferably mounted on a side plate. The side plate has holes for easy installation of bearing seats and roller shafts. The two ends of the roller shaft of the roller unit are respectively connected to the side plates on both sides through bearing seats.

[0024] In this embodiment, the side plate and the shrinking baffle can be integrated to form a gradually shrinking material conveying channel. Preferably, the front width is 160cm and the rear width is 90cm to ensure that digging and harvesting operations can be completed even under working conditions with a wide ridge, thereby further improving the versatility and adaptability of this device.

[0025] The front-mounted throwing roller type underground tuber crop harvesting device of this embodiment adopts a roller type + toothed structure. During the digging operation, the toothed structure can break up the soil clods, and the small soil clods will fall out from the gaps. When the fruit falls to the toothed structure, it will have a backward conveying force, thus making the conveying smoother.

[0026] The set of roller units near the excavation mechanism uses at least two different sizes of teeth arranged alternately. The first roller shaft uses teeth of different sizes and is arranged alternately. The difference in gap and force formed by the teeth of different sizes can more efficiently break up and remove soil, separate the tuber from the soil, and reduce the soil residue on the surface of the tuber. Since the soil clods at the front end are large during excavation, the soil clods need to fall into the gaps and be impacted and broken up, thereby improving the ability to break up and separate the soil and preventing the channel from being blocked by too many soil clods.

[0027] In this embodiment, there are nine groups of roller units from front to back. The angle is adjusted by the connecting mechanism so that multiple groups of roller units are arranged at a 25° lifting angle. The teeth on the same group of roller shafts are arranged at intervals by spacers. Setting this angle can satisfy the requirement that the roots and stems are always thrown upward and gradually lifted, while small soil clods fall in the gaps.

[0028] The teeth on the adjacent sets of roller shafts are arranged in an alternating pattern.

[0029] The transmission system includes a first sprocket connected to the power output end of the rear-mounted self-propelled sorting platform and a second sprocket mounted on the roller shaft. The first sprocket and the second sprocket are connected by chain drive, and the second sprockets on adjacent roller shafts are connected by chain drive.

[0030] The first sprocket is mounted on the last-stage roller unit and connected to the output sprocket of the rear-mounted self-propelled platform via a chain. Power is transmitted to the first sprocket, causing the last-stage roller unit to rotate. A second sprocket is mounted on the roller shaft, and the second sprockets are connected to each other via a chain drive, thereby driving the remaining roller units to rotate. Tensioners are also connected between the chains of the second sprockets.

[0031] like Figure 5As shown, the arrows indicate the direction of power transmission via the chain. In this embodiment, the power first passes through the ninth stage, which is also the last set of roller shafts ( Figure 5 The upper middle section is the end closest to the sorting platform. From top to bottom, the second sprockets on the ninth to the first level roller units first transmit power to the second sprocket on the eighth level roller shaft. The second sprocket on the eighth level roller shaft then connects to the second sprocket on the fourth level roller shaft, realizing power transmission between the ninth, eighth, and fourth level roller units. Then, the eighth and fourth level roller units transmit power downwards sequentially through the second sprocket on the right side of the figure, ultimately realizing the transmission of all roller units. The above is only one power transmission method shown in this embodiment. Power transmission can also be achieved through other connection methods.

[0032] The excavation mechanism includes an excavating shovel, a conveying screen, and an excavating shovel fixing beam; the excavating shovel is mounted on the front end of the frame via the excavating shovel fixing beam; the conveying screen includes a screen tooth fixing beam mounted on the front end of the conveying and crushing mechanism and multiple sets of screen teeth spaced apart on the screen tooth fixing beam; the front end of the excavating screen teeth extends to the excavating shovel, and the rear end extends to the conveying and crushing mechanism.

[0033] The digging screen teeth are used to guide the soil clods and roots excavated by the digging mechanism from the digging shovel to the conveying and crushing mechanism. The gaps between the conveying screens allow the crushed soil to fall through the gaps, improving separation efficiency.

[0034] In this embodiment, the digging shovel is a split shovel, which can cut deeper into the soil to ensure digging effect. It can also work effectively in hard soil environments, improving digging efficiency. The two sides of the digging shovel are equipped with disc cutter assemblies to prevent the excavated soil and roots from leaking out, thereby ensuring that the soil and roots can smoothly form a conveying channel. The disc cutter assembly is rotatable, which can cut into the soil better.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, improvements and modifications obtained without departing from the inventive concept should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A front-mounted, roll-over, underground tuber crop harvesting apparatus comprising a frame mounted to a rear-mounted, self-propelled, singling platform by a connecting mechanism, characterised in that, The connecting mechanism is used for adjusting the installation angle of the rack, the front end to the rear end of the rack is sequentially provided with a digging mechanism and a conveying and soil breaking mechanism, and the digging mechanism, the conveying and soil breaking mechanism and a rear self-propelled sorting platform are sequentially communicated; The digging mechanism is used for digging and sending the dug material to the conveying and soil breaking mechanism; The conveying and soil breaking mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of poking roller units which are spaced apart on the rack, the poking roller units are used for transmitting the material from the digging mechanism to the rear self-propelled sorting platform, the poking roller unit comprises a poking roller shaft which is rotatably arranged on the rack and poking teeth which are spaced apart on the poking roller shaft, and a plurality of groups of the poking roller units are driven by a transmission system.

2. A forward-throwing roller harvester for underground tuber crops as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The connecting mechanism comprises a hydraulic rod; The rear end of the rack is connected with a liftable component of the rear self-propelled sorting platform; One end of the hydraulic rod is hingedly connected to the bottom of the rack, and the other end is hingedly connected to the rear self-propelled sorting platform.

3. A forward-throwing roller-type underground tuber crop harvesting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rack is further provided with side plates on both sides, and the side plates are used for forming a material channel.

4. A forward-throwing roller-type underground tuber crop harvesting apparatus according to claim 3, characterised in that, Two groups of the side plates are further provided with retractable baffle plates on one side close to the material channel, and the retractable baffle plates are used for gradually narrowing the material channel along the front end to the rear end of the rack.

5. A forward-throwing roller-type underground tuber crop harvesting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The group of poking roller units close to the digging mechanism adopts at least two kinds of different sizes of poking teeth which are alternately arranged.

6. A forward-throwing roller-type underground tuber crop harvesting apparatus according to claim 5, characterised in that, The poking teeth on the adjacent two groups of the poking roller shafts are alternately arranged.

7. A forward-throwing roller-type underground tuber crop harvesting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission system comprises a first chain wheel which is connected with a power output end of the rear self-propelled sorting platform and a second chain wheel which is arranged on the poking roller shaft, the first chain wheel and the second chain wheel are connected through a chain transmission, and the second chain wheels on the adjacent poking roller shafts are connected through a chain transmission.

8. A forward-throwing roller-type underground tuber crop harvesting apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that, The chain transmission between the second chain wheels is further connected with a tensioning wheel.

9. A forward-throwing roller-type underground tuber crop harvesting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The digging mechanism comprises a digging shovel, a conveying screen and a digging shovel fixing beam; The digging shovel is arranged at the front end of the rack through the digging shovel fixing beam; The conveying screen comprises a screen tooth fixing beam which is arranged at the front end of the conveying and soil breaking mechanism and a plurality of groups of screen teeth which are spaced apart on the screen tooth fixing beam; The front end of the digging screen tooth extends to the digging shovel, and the rear end extends to the conveying and soil breaking mechanism.

10. A forward-throwing roller-type underground tuber crop harvesting apparatus according to claim 9, characterised in that, The digging shovel is a split shovel, and disc cutter assemblies for preventing the dug soil and roots from leaking are arranged on both sides of the digging shovel, and the disc cutter assemblies are rotatably arranged.

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