Cadmium-reducing and strontium-enriched cultivation method for morchella esculenta

Abstract

The invention provides a cadmium-reducing and strontium-enriching cultivation method for morchella esculenta, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. According to the cadmium-reducing and strontium-enriching cultivation method for the morchella, the alkaline fertilizer and the strontium salt are combined for the first time, the alkaline fertilizer is used for adjusting the pH value of soil, and absorption and accumulation of the cadmium element are reduced through absorption of the strontium salt. Through combined application of the alkaline fertilizer and the strontium salt, on one hand, enrichment and absorption of cadmium by the morchella in the cadmium-polluted farmland soil are reduced, on the other hand, the strontium content and biomass of the morchella are both improved, formation of the strontium-rich morchella is promoted, and the product value of the strontium-rich morchella is improved. The invention provides an effective regulation and control scheme for morchella cadmium pollution control and strontium-rich morchella product development, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, specifically relating to a cultivation method for morel mushrooms that reduces cadmium and enriches strontium. Background Technology

[0002] Morel mushrooms (Morchella esculenta) have honeycomb-like or stomach-shaped caps, a unique aroma, and a crisp texture. They contain various nutrients and bioactive components essential for the human body. Morel mushrooms are a type of edible fungus cultivated with soil covering, and their fruiting bodies pose a risk of cadmium (Cd) contamination. Existing research indicates that morel mushrooms readily accumulate Cd, posing a potential threat to their quality and safety. Cd, as a non-essential hazardous element, has strong bioaccumulation properties and can cause various acute and chronic diseases, such as liver dysfunction, renal tubular disease, osteomalacia, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Cd has been listed as the sixth most hazardous substance to human health by the American Toxic Substances Control Board (ATSDR) and as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Effectively reducing the accumulation of Cd in morel mushrooms and the damage it causes to the mycelium is an urgent industry problem that needs to be solved.

[0003] Adding exogenous elements affects the absorption of cadmium (Cd) by edible fungi. For example, adding zinc sulfate or gypsum to the culture medium can alleviate the damage of Cd to shiitake mushrooms and inhibit the accumulation of Cd in shiitake mushrooms. Exogenous addition of manganese (Mn) 2+ ), Zinc (Zn) 2+ ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg) 2+ ) and ferrous ions (Fe 2+ This can reduce the accumulation of Cd by shiitake mushroom mycelium to varying degrees, while Fe... 2+ The effect on inhibiting Cd absorption is most significant. Exogenous addition of Ca... 2+ It can significantly reduce the absorption and accumulation of Cd by the white-rot fungus *Xanthomonas flavosus*.

[0004] Strontium (Sr) is one of the essential trace elements for maintaining bodily functions and plays a vital role in human health. Sr has various biological functions, including promoting bone and teeth growth, preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, preventing osteoporosis, regulating reproductive health, and managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Insufficient Sr intake is closely related to the occurrence of various diseases such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, polio, and stroke. Currently, there are no established cultivation methods for morel mushrooms that enrich them with strontium while reducing cadmium levels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a cultivation method for morel mushrooms that reduces cadmium and increases strontium content, thereby improving the quality and grade of morel mushrooms.

[0006] This invention provides a method for cultivating morel mushrooms with reduced cadmium and enriched strontium, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing alkaline fertilizer with soil and drying it, applying strontium salt to the surface of the dried soil, and adjusting the soil moisture content to 18-25% after plowing to obtain the soil to be sown.

[0007] (2) Sow morel mushroom spawn into the soil to be sown in step (1) and cover with soil;

[0008] (3) After the mycelium of the morel mushroom has covered the bed surface and conidia have appeared, place a nutrient pack containing strontium salts on the bed and harvest the morel mushroom fruiting bodies after they mature.

[0009] Preferably, the alkaline fertilizer in step (1) includes lime, wood ash, or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, after the alkaline fertilizer described in step (1) is mixed with the soil, the soil pH is adjusted to 7-10.

[0011] Preferably, the drying time in step (1) is 1 to 2 weeks.

[0012] Preferably, the amount of strontium salt applied in step (1) is 40-80 mg / kg soil.

[0013] Preferably, the sowing amount of morel mushroom spawn in step (2) is 150-250 kg / mu.

[0014] Preferably, the main ingredients of the nutrition pack in step (3) include: wheat, corn cob, wheat bran gypsum and calcium dihydrogen phosphate / potassium.

[0015] Preferably, the strontium salt content in the nutrient package is 20-60 mg / kg.

[0016] Preferably, the placement density of the nutrient packs in step (3) is 3 to 5 packs / m². 2 .

[0017] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned cultivation method in improving the quality and increasing the yield of morel mushrooms.

[0018] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a cultivation method for morel mushrooms that reduces cadmium and enriches strontium. It is the first to combine alkaline fertilizers with strontium chloride, utilizing the alkaline fertilizers to adjust soil pH and the strontium chloride to reduce cadmium absorption and accumulation. Through the combined application of alkaline fertilizers and strontium chloride, this invention reduces the accumulation and absorption of cadmium by morel mushrooms in cadmium-contaminated farmland soil, while simultaneously increasing the strontium content and biomass of morel mushrooms, promoting the formation of strontium-enriched morel mushrooms and enhancing their product value. This invention provides an effective control scheme for cadmium pollution control in morel mushrooms and the development of strontium-enriched morel mushroom products, and has promising application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A bar graph showing the effect of adding different concentrations of strontium chloride to the soil on the cadmium and strontium content of morel mushrooms;

[0020] Figure 2 A bar graph showing the effect of adding different concentrations of strontium chloride to nutrient bags on the cadmium and strontium content of morel mushrooms. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This invention provides a cultivation method for morel mushrooms with reduced cadmium and enriched strontium, comprising the following steps: (1) mixing alkaline fertilizer with soil and drying it, spraying strontium salt solution onto the surface of the dried soil, and adjusting the soil moisture content to 18-25% after tilling to obtain the soil to be sown.

[0022] (2) Sow morel mushroom spawn into the soil to be sown in step (1) and cover with soil;

[0023] (3) After the mycelium of the morel mushroom has covered the bed surface and conidia have appeared, place a nutrient pack containing strontium salts on the bed and harvest the morel mushroom fruiting bodies after they mature.

[0024] This invention first utilizes alkaline fertilizers to adjust the soil pH value. The preferred alkaline fertilizers include lime, wood ash, or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. This invention does not specifically limit the amount of alkaline fertilizer used; after mixing with the soil, the soil pH value needs to be adjusted to 7-10. For example, in the embodiments, the amount of alkaline fertilizer used is 0.1-0.5 kg / m³. 2 In practice, the alkaline fertilizer can be applied before tilling. If a tiller is used, the tillage should be thorough, to a depth of more than 20cm.

[0025] The present invention involves applying the alkaline fertilizer and then drying it after tilling. The drying time is preferably 1 to 2 weeks, so that the soil reaches a suitable pH level and reduces soil bacteria.

[0026] This invention involves applying strontium salts to sun-dried soil, preferably including strontium chloride, at a preferred dosage of 40-80 mg / kg soil. The weight of the soil referred to in this invention refers to the weight of the top 20 cm layer. Preferably, the strontium chloride is dissolved in water to form a strontium chloride aqueous solution; the concentration is not particularly limited, and a final soil concentration of 40-80 mg / kg soil is acceptable. The strontium chloride aqueous solution is sprayed onto the surface of the sun-dried soil and then mixed evenly, such as using a soil tiller in the embodiment. After even mixing, this invention preferably further includes adjusting the soil moisture content to 18-25%, obtaining soil suitable for morel mycelial growth. In this invention, adding strontium chloride to the soil significantly reduces the cadmium content of morels and increases the strontium content.

[0027] This invention involves sowing morel mushroom spawn into the soil to be sown, with the sowing bed width set at 60-120 cm. Preferably, before sowing, the soil moisture content of the soil to be sown is adjusted to 18-25%, and sowing is then carried out. The sowing method is preferably broadcasting or furrow sowing, with the spawn evenly sown within the bed surface, and immediately covered with soil after sowing to prevent the spawn from being exposed. The preferred sowing rate of the morel mushroom spawn in this invention is 150-250 kg / mu (approximately 0.067 hectares).

[0028] This invention also requires the addition of strontium chloride-containing nutrient packs during the growth of morel mushrooms. The preferred timing for adding these nutrient packs is when the morel mycelium has fully colonized the seedbed and conidia (frost) have appeared, generally 7–20 days after sowing. After the mycelium has fully colonized the seedbed and conidia have appeared, the nutrient packs containing strontium chloride are placed in the seedbed. The morel fruiting bodies are harvested after maturity. The main ingredients of the nutrient packs preferred to include: wheat, corn cobs, wheat bran gypsum, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate / potassium phosphate, for example, in proportions of 70%, 20%, 8%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. The preferred placement density of the nutrient packs is 3–5 packs / m². 2 Furthermore, the strontium chloride content in the nutrient package is 20–60 mg / kg. The strontium chloride in the nutrient package of this invention does not significantly affect the cadmium content, but it can significantly increase the strontium content in morel mushrooms, thereby improving the quality of the morel mushrooms.

[0029] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned cultivation method in improving the quality and increasing the yield of morel mushrooms.

[0030] The morel mushrooms obtained using the cultivation method described in this invention exhibit significantly lower cadmium content and significantly higher strontium levels, effectively achieving the goal of reducing cadmium and enriching strontium in morel mushrooms.

[0031] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of a method for cultivating morel mushrooms with reduced cadmium and enriched strontium, in conjunction with embodiments, is provided by the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] (1) Add quicklime to the soil and plow it thoroughly with a tiller to a depth of more than 20cm. Adjust the soil pH to 8. After air drying for 2 weeks, dissolve strontium chloride in water and spray it evenly on the soil surface. Mix it evenly so that the strontium chloride content in the soil is 20mg / kg. Then adjust the soil moisture content to 18%-25%.

[0034] (2) Before sowing, adjust the soil moisture to 20%, and broadcast the morel mushroom spawn evenly on the raised bed or in the furrows. The sowing rate should be 150-250 kg / mu. Cover the seeds with soil immediately after sowing, with a thickness of 3-5 cm.

[0035] (3) Ten days after sowing, when the mycelium has fully covered the seedbed and conidia (frost) appear, place the nutrient bags. The placement density should be 3-5 bags / m². 2 The main ingredients in the nutrient bags are wheat, corn cobs, wheat bran, gypsum, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate / potassium phosphate, with proportions of 70%, 20%, 8%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. Place the bags with the opening facing down, slit along the top.

[0036] (4) During the mycelium growth period, maintain the soil temperature at 5-15℃, control the air temperature inside the greenhouse at 5-25℃, and keep the soil moisture content at 15%-25%. Supplement water by misting or ditch irrigation as needed. After 40-60 days of mycelium growth, when the soil temperature is stable above 8℃, water the bed surface heavily to promote mushroom growth and bring the soil moisture content to 30%-35%.

[0037] (5) During the fruiting body growth stage of morel mushrooms, the soil temperature should be controlled at 10-20℃, and the air temperature inside the greenhouse should be below 25℃. Air humidity and soil moisture content can be increased by spraying water into the air. Stop watering 2-3 days before harvesting.

[0038] (6) Collect morel fruiting bodies and determine their cadmium and strontium content.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] (1) Add quicklime to the soil and plow it thoroughly with a tiller to a depth of more than 20cm. Adjust the soil pH to 8. After air drying for 2 weeks, dissolve strontium chloride in water and spray it evenly on the soil surface. Mix it evenly so that the strontium chloride content in the soil is 40mg / kg. Then adjust the soil moisture content to 18% to 25%.

[0041] (2) Other steps are the same as (2)-(6) in Example 1.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] (1) Add quicklime to the soil and plow it thoroughly with a tiller to a depth of more than 20cm. Adjust the soil pH to 8. After air drying for 2 weeks, dissolve strontium chloride in water and spray it evenly on the soil surface. Mix it evenly so that the strontium chloride content in the soil is 60mg / kg. Then adjust the soil moisture content to 18% to 25%.

[0044] (2) Other steps are the same as (2)-(6) in Example 1.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] (1) Add quicklime to the soil and plow it thoroughly with a tiller to a depth of more than 20cm. Adjust the soil pH to 8. After air drying for 2 weeks, dissolve strontium chloride in water and spray it evenly on the soil surface. Mix it evenly so that the strontium chloride content in the soil is 20mg / kg. Then adjust the soil moisture content to 18% to 25%.

[0047] (2) This step is the same as (2) in Example 1;

[0048] (3) Ten days after sowing, when the mycelium has fully covered the seedbed and conidia (frost) appear, place the nutrient bags. The placement density should be 3-5 bags / m². 2 The main ingredients of the nutrient bags are wheat, corn cobs, wheat bran gypsum, and calcium dihydrogen phosphate / potassium, with proportions of 70%, 20%, 8%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. Strontium chloride is added at a rate of 20 mg / kg.

[0049] (4) Other steps are the same as (4)-(6) in Example 1.

[0050] Example 5

[0051] (1) Add quicklime to the soil and plow it thoroughly with a tiller to a depth of more than 20cm. Adjust the soil pH to 8. After air drying for 2 weeks, dissolve strontium chloride in water and spray it evenly on the soil surface. Mix it evenly so that the strontium chloride content in the soil is 20mg / kg. Then adjust the soil moisture content to 18% to 25%.

[0052] (2) This step is the same as (2) in Example 1;

[0053] (3) Ten days after sowing, when the mycelium has fully covered the seedbed and conidia (frost) appear, place the nutrient bags. The placement density should be 3-5 bags / m². 2 The main ingredients of the nutrient bags are wheat, corn cobs, wheat bran gypsum, calcium dihydrogen phosphate / potassium, etc., with strontium chloride added at a rate of 40 mg / kg.

[0054] (4) Other steps are the same as (4)-(6) in Example 1.

[0055] Example 6

[0056] (1) Add quicklime to the soil and plow it thoroughly with a tiller to a depth of more than 20cm. Adjust the soil pH to 8. After air drying for 2 weeks, dissolve strontium chloride in water and spray it evenly on the soil surface. Mix it evenly so that the strontium chloride content in the soil is 20mg / kg. Then adjust the soil moisture content to 18% to 25%.

[0057] (2) This step is the same as (2) in Example 1;

[0058] (3) Ten days after sowing, when the mycelium has fully covered the seedbed and conidia (frost) appear, place the nutrient bags. The placement density should be 3-5 bags / m². 2 The main ingredients of the nutrient bags are wheat, corn cobs, wheat bran, gypsum, calcium dihydrogen phosphate / potassium, etc., with strontium chloride added at a rate of 60 mg / kg.

[0059] (4) Other steps are the same as (4)-(6) in Example 1.

[0060] Example 7 describes the cadmium and strontium content characteristics of morel mushrooms under various treatments in Examples 1 to 6:

[0061] (1) Adding different concentrations of strontium chloride (20, 40, and 60 mg / kg) to the soil significantly reduced the cadmium content of morel mushrooms. For example... Figure 1 As shown, compared to the control group, the cadmium content in morel fruiting bodies decreased by 20%–23% when 40 and 60 mg / kg of strontium chloride were added to the soil. Simultaneously, the strontium content in morels increased from 4.8 mg / kg to 10.3 mg / kg, a 2.1-fold increase, significantly enhancing the strontium content in morels.

[0062] (2) Adding different concentrations of strontium chloride (20, 40, and 60 mg / kg) to the nutrient bags did not significantly decrease the cadmium content in morel mushrooms. Figure 2 As shown, compared with the control group, the addition of strontium to the nutrient bag increased the strontium content of morel mushrooms from 4.6 mg / kg to 15.2 mg / kg, significantly improving the strontium content of morel mushrooms.

[0063] As can be seen from Examples 1 to 6, the application of strontium chloride in soil combined with nutrient bags can significantly reduce the cadmium content of morel mushrooms and increase the strontium level of morel mushrooms, which can effectively achieve the goal of reducing cadmium and enriching strontium in morel mushrooms.

[0064] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating cadmium-reducing and strontium-enriching Morchella, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing alkaline fertilizer with soil and airing, applying strontium salt to the aired soil, adjusting the water content of the soil to 18-25% after ploughing, and obtaining the soil to be sowed; (2) sowing Morchella sp. in the soil to be sowed in step (1) and covering soil; (3) placing a nutrient bag containing strontium salt after the mycelium of Morchella sp. covers the whole plot and spores appear, and harvesting Morchella fruiting bodies after maturation.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized by, The alkaline fertilizer in step (1) comprises lime, wood ash or calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by, The alkaline fertilizer in step (1) is mixed with soil, and the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 7-10.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized by, The airing time in step (1) is 1-2 weeks.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The strontium salt in step (1) is applied in the form of solution, and the application amount of the solution is 40-80 mg / kg of soil.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized by, The sowing amount of Morchella sp. in step (2) is 150-250 kg / acre.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized by, The main ingredients of the nutrient bag in step (3) comprise wheat, corn cob, wheat bran, gypsum and calcium dihydrogen phosphate / potassium.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized by, The content of strontium salt in the nutrient bag is 20-60 mg / kg.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized by, The placing density of the nutrition packs in step (3) is 3-5 packs / m 2 .

10. The use of the cultivation method in any one of claims 1-9 in improving the quality and yield of Morchella.

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