Edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulating planting device and cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom planting, in particular to an edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulating planting device and a cultivation method.The edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulating planting device comprises a greenhouse, a plurality of containing assemblies used for containing edible mushroom sticks are arranged in the greenhouse, each containing assembly comprises a symmetrically-arranged supporting frame, and a plurality of containing plates are installed on each supporting frame; the placing plates are arranged on the corresponding support frames from top to bottom in a staggered manner; overturning assemblies used for overturning the placing plate are installed at the two ends of the placing plate, and a motor used for driving the overturning assemblies is installed on the upper portion of one side of the supporting frame; the supporting frames are fixedly connected with recycling grooves which are located below the containing plates and used for collecting mushroom dregs. A push-out assembly used for rapidly discharging mushroom dregs is installed at one end of each recycling groove, and a dreg discharging plate is hinged to the other end of each recycling groove. According to the device, mushroom residues can be quickly recycled after edible mushrooms are picked, so that the mushroom residues can be recycled after being recycled, and the resource utilization rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungi cultivation technology, specifically to a three-dimensional circular cultivation device and cultivation method for edible fungi greenhouses. Background Technology

[0002] The edible mushroom industry is developing rapidly, and large-scale production technology is becoming increasingly mature. Vertical cultivation has become an important means to improve the space utilization of mushroom sheds, but existing vertical cultivation methods have many problems. The common multi-layer shelf-style frame for placing mushroom bags, although improving space utilization, leads to high labor intensity and low work efficiency: traditional shelf-style cultivation requires frequent manual adjustment of the position of the bags to balance environmental conditions, and harvesting requires moving the bags up and down layer by layer; moreover, resource utilization is limited, and there is a great risk of pollution: as the basic carrier for the growth of edible mushrooms, the mushroom bags are only used once in the traditional model. Waste bags are discarded due to contamination by miscellaneous fungi or depletion of nutrients, which not only wastes resources (a single bag contains about 0.5 kg of raw materials such as sawdust and straw), but also causes ecological problems such as soil pollution and the spread of pests and diseases due to random stacking.

[0003] Existing edible mushroom cultivation greenhouses, such as single-unit arched greenhouses (usually composed of a frame (bamboo poles, steel pipes, or galvanized pipes), greenhouse film (polyethylene film), and film pressing lines; some may be equipped with simple ventilation openings (such as side-rolled film), without other complex equipment), serve as basic cultivation facilities. They are low-cost, simple to construct, and suitable for small-scale cultivation and varieties with low environmental requirements. Specific models are typically classified by parameters such as span, length, shoulder height, and top height. For example, in terms of span: small: 4-6 meters (suitable for family or small-scale cultivation, such as oyster mushrooms and enoki mushrooms); medium: 7-9 meters (for medium-scale cultivation, accommodating multiple layers of mushroom racks). Large-scale: 10-12 meters (requires a steel pipe frame for enhanced stability, suitable for wood ear mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, etc.). However, this type of single-unit arched shed has significant limitations in supporting three-dimensional circular cultivation. Its simple structural design is difficult to adapt to efficient three-dimensional cultivation operations. It cannot solve the problems of high labor intensity and low work efficiency caused by multi-layered mushroom racks, nor does it support the recycling of mushroom substrate. Due to the lack of dedicated mushroom residue recycling and treatment facilities, the recycling process of waste mushroom substrate is cumbersome, making effective recycling difficult. As a result, resource waste and ecological pollution remain prominent issues under this cultivation model.

[0004] With the booming development of the edible fungi industry, the pursuit of efficient planting models is becoming increasingly urgent. As the basic carrier for the growth of edible fungi, the recycling of mushroom substrate is of great significance for reducing costs and improving resource utilization. Therefore, a three-dimensional circular planting device and cultivation method for edible fungi greenhouses is proposed, which can conveniently and quickly recover mushroom residue and recycle the treated residue to improve resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a three-dimensional circular cultivation device and method for edible mushroom greenhouses, which is used to quickly recover mushroom residue after harvesting, so that the residue can be recycled and reused, thereby improving resource utilization.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a three-dimensional circular planting device for edible fungi greenhouse, comprising a greenhouse, wherein a plurality of placement components for placing edible fungi substrate are provided inside the greenhouse, each placement component includes a symmetrically arranged support frame, and a plurality of placement plates are installed on each support frame, the placement plates being staggered from top to bottom on the corresponding support frame. Both ends of the placement plate are equipped with flipping components for flipping the placement plate, and a motor for driving the flipping components is installed on the upper part of one side of the support frame. Each support frame is fixedly connected to a recycling trough located below the placement plate for collecting mushroom residue; Each recycling tank has a push-out component installed at one end for quickly discharging bacterial residue, and a slag discharge plate hinged to the other end.

[0007] The technical principle of the above solution is as follows: efficient recycling and reuse of mushroom residue is achieved through mechanical linkage design: placement plates are installed on symmetrical support frames in the greenhouse, arranged in an alternating pattern from top to bottom, for placing edible mushroom sticks; after harvesting, the flipping components at both ends of the placement plates are driven by a motor to flip them over, and the mushroom residue remaining on the sticks falls off due to gravity into the recycling trough below; then, the push-out component at one end of the recycling trough pushes the mushroom residue to the other end, and the hinged slag discharge plate opens to quickly discharge the mushroom residue for subsequent recycling and reuse, thereby improving resource utilization.

[0008] The above approach has the following beneficial effects: 1. This solution improves space utilization: The placement boards are arranged in a staggered pattern from top to bottom on the support frame. Through the three-dimensional layering and staggered layout, more edible mushroom sticks can be placed in the limited greenhouse space, realizing three-dimensional cyclic planting and significantly improving the utilization rate of land and greenhouse space.

[0009] 2. This solution offers efficient and convenient mushroom residue recycling: Automated flipping design: The placement plate, driven by a flipping component and motor, automatically flips after the edible fungi are harvested, quickly emptying the mushroom residue from the mushroom logs, avoiding the tedious manual cleaning and improving operational efficiency; Centralized collection and discharge: After flipping, the mushroom residue falls directly into the recycling trough below. The push-out component at one end of the recycling trough can quickly push out the mushroom residue, while the discharge plate at the other end facilitates the unified discharge of the mushroom residue, achieving centralized and efficient recycling of the mushroom residue and reducing scattered pollution.

[0010] 3. This plan promotes resource recycling: By quickly recovering the mushroom residue, it can be promptly incorporated into subsequent processing procedures (such as composting and reuse), shortening the recycling cycle and increasing the recycling rate of mushroom residue as a resource, which is in line with the concept of green planting.

[0011] Furthermore, each of the flipping components includes several connecting rods, with each end of the connecting rods being hinged to one side of the upper and lower placement plates that are close to each other.

[0012] Beneficial effects: By connecting the upper and lower placement plates sequentially with connecting rods, the motor can drive the adjacent placement plates to rotate synchronously, avoiding the cumbersome process of driving each placement plate independently, reducing the number of power equipment and lowering structural complexity; at the same time, the coordinated rotation action ensures that the mushroom residue can fall smoothly and synchronously into the recycling tank below, improving the efficiency of mushroom residue recycling and operational stability.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the components includes a drive assembly, which is fixedly connected to the outside of the recycling tank. The drive assembly is also fixedly connected to a push plate, which is located inside the recycling tank on the side closest to the drive assembly.

[0014] Beneficial effects: By fixing the drive component to the outside of the recycling tank, direct contact between the bacterial residue and the drive component can be avoided, reducing pollution and wear, and extending the service life of the equipment; the push plate is located inside the recycling tank on the side close to the drive component. When the drive component is started, it can directly push the push plate to move along the direction of the recycling tank, forming a linear pushing action, so that the bacterial residue is concentrated and quickly pushed to the side of the discharge plate for discharge, avoiding bacterial residue residue, improving bacterial residue discharge efficiency and operational stability.

[0015] Furthermore, torsion springs are installed at the hinge joint between the slag discharge plate and the recovery tank.

[0016] Beneficial effects: A torsion spring is installed at the hinge between the slag discharge plate and the recycling tank. The elastic restoring force of the torsion spring can keep the slag discharge plate closed when no external force is applied, preventing leakage of incompletely collected mushroom residue from the hinge. When the push-out component pushes the mushroom residue to squeeze the slag discharge plate, the torsion spring is compressed, causing the slag discharge plate to open and discharge the mushroom residue. After the external force disappears, the torsion spring automatically rebounds, causing the slag discharge plate to reset and close, achieving automatic sealing after slag discharge, reducing manual intervention and improving the continuity and sealing of mushroom residue recycling.

[0017] Furthermore, brush strips are provided at the contact points between the push plate and the recycling tank when the push plate moves.

[0018] Beneficial effects: Brush strips are installed at the contact points between the push plate and the recycling tank during the push plate movement. As the push plate pushes the bacterial residue, the brush strips clean up any remaining bacterial residue by contacting the inner wall of the recycling tank, preventing the residue from adhering to the tank wall or crevices and becoming difficult to clean. At the same time, the soft material of the brush strips can fill the tiny gaps between the push plate and the recycling tank, reducing bacterial residue leakage and ensuring that the bacterial residue is pushed out in a concentrated manner, thus improving recycling efficiency. In addition, the brush strips can also reduce direct friction between the push plate and the recycling tank, reducing component wear and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0019] Furthermore, each drive component includes a housing, one side of which is fixedly connected to the corresponding recycling tank. An electric control cylinder is installed inside the housing, and the output shaft of the electric control cylinder passes through the corresponding housing and the side wall of the recycling tank and is fixedly connected to the corresponding push plate.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The drive assembly is fixedly connected to the recycling tank through the housing, which enhances the connection stability between the drive structure and the recycling tank, and avoids displacement or loosening caused by vibration or external force during equipment operation; the housing encloses the electric control cylinder, which forms physical protection, preventing pollutants such as bacterial residue and dust in the recycling tank from directly contacting the electric control cylinder, reducing the risk of component wear and corrosion, and extending the service life of the electric control cylinder; the output shaft of the electric control cylinder passes directly through the housing and the side wall of the recycling tank and connects to the push plate, shortening the power transmission path, reducing intermediate transmission losses, and improving the response speed and accuracy of the push plate drive.

[0021] Furthermore, the inner walls of the recycling tank are all equipped with an anti-sticking layer.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The anti-sticking layer on the inner wall of the recycling tank effectively reduces the adhesion of bacterial residue to the tank wall surface, preventing blockage or cleaning difficulties caused by long-term residue accumulation; when the pusher plate pushes the bacterial residue, the anti-sticking layer reduces the friction between the bacterial residue and the tank wall, making the pusher plate move more smoothly and reducing the power loss of the drive components; at the same time, the anti-sticking layer can maintain the cleanliness of the inside of the recycling tank, reducing the frequency of manual cleaning and extending the equipment maintenance cycle; in addition, the fact that the bacterial residue is not easy to adhere to also ensures that it is pushed more thoroughly by the pusher plate to the discharge plate, improving the integrity and efficiency of bacterial residue recycling and avoiding material waste.

[0023] Furthermore, a belt conveyor for transporting mushroom residue is installed on the side of the greenhouse away from the electric control cylinder. The height of the belt conveyor is lower than the height from the bottom of the recycling tank to the ground.

[0024] Beneficial effects: Installing a belt conveyor on the side of the greenhouse away from the electric control cylinder avoids spatial interference with the electric control cylinder equipment, ensuring independent operation of both and optimizing the transfer path of the mushroom residue; its height is lower than the height from the bottom of the recycling tank to the ground, allowing the mushroom residue to fall naturally onto the conveyor after being discharged from the recycling tank by gravity, completing the transportation without the need for additional lifting devices, reducing energy consumption and equipment complexity; at the same time, this height difference ensures that the mushroom residue slides smoothly, avoiding accumulation at the outlet, improving transportation efficiency, and the lower-positioned conveyor is closer to the ground, facilitating the subsequent collection or further processing of mushroom residue, reducing the labor intensity of manual handling.

[0025] Furthermore, the belt conveyor is equipped with a transfer box, which is located below the recycling tank.

[0026] Beneficial effects: The transfer box located below the recycling tank on the belt conveyor allows the mushroom residue discharged from the recycling tank to fall directly into the transfer box by gravity, avoiding the scattering or uneven distribution of mushroom residue on the conveyor and ensuring that the mushroom residue is concentrated and orderly. At the same time, the transfer box, as an independent container, facilitates the subsequent overall transfer of the boxed mushroom residue, reducing the trouble of cleaning or dispersing it one by one, and improving the continuity and convenience of mushroom residue collection and transfer.

[0027] Furthermore, a method for three-dimensional circular cultivation of edible fungi in greenhouses includes the following steps: Step 1, Preparation of mushroom substrate: Use sawdust and cottonseed hulls as raw materials to prepare a culture medium, pack it into bags, sterilize it, cool it, inoculate it with oyster mushroom spawn, and cultivate it at 20-25℃ until the mycelium fills the bag to obtain the culture substrate. Step 2, Greenhouse pretreatment: Clean and disinfect the greenhouse, set up support frames and placement boards inside the greenhouse, and wipe the surface of the placement boards with disinfectant in advance; Step 3, placing the mushroom logs on the shelf: Place the mushroom logs horizontally on the placement board in a single layer, with a spacing of 10-15 cm between the logs, and maintain an aisle width of ≥60 cm between the shelves; Step 4, bud induction management: Maintain humidity of 85%-90% and temperature of 12-20℃ in the greenhouse, and ventilate using fans 2-3 times a day for 30 minutes each time; Step 5, Mushroom Management: During the mushroom bud growth period, spray water on the ground under the rack and clean up debris on the rack surface regularly; Step 6, Harvesting and Mycelium Cultivation: Harvest when the edges of the caps are flat. After harvesting, clean the surface of the mushroom logs to remove any remaining mushrooms. Increase the spacing between the mushroom logs placed on the rack by 10 cm. Stop watering for 1-2 days to cultivate the mycelium. Repeat the bud induction process afterward. Step 7, Mushroom Stick Residue Recycling: After the last flush of mushrooms is finished, the bags are removed, the motor is started to flip the placement rack, and the mushroom stick residue falls into the recycling tank below for collection. Then, the electric control cylinder is started to drive the push plate to push the residue into the transfer box, and then the belt conveyor is started to transport the transfer box to the crusher. Step 8, Crushing and Fermentation: Crush the residue into granules, mix it with fresh sawdust or straw in a 1:1 ratio, add 5% quicklime and composting agent, pile it into a fermentation pile 1.5 meters high, turn the pile over every 3 days, and compost for 15-20 days to kill miscellaneous bacteria and insect eggs. Step 9, Recycling: Edible mushroom culture medium: Add fresh culture medium at a ratio of 30%-40%; Organic fertilizer: The residue after fermentation is used as organic fertilizer for vegetables or fruit trees in greenhouses; Fuel / Coverage: The residue can be used as fuel for winter heating in greenhouses or spread on the ground.

[0028] Beneficial effects: This cultivation method ensures the sterility of the culture medium and the quality of mycelium through standardized preparation of mushroom logs; greenhouse pretreatment creates a clean planting environment and establishes a three-dimensional planting foundation; the single-layer arrangement and reasonable spacing of the mushroom logs ensure uniform ventilation and light, improving the utilization rate of growth space; precise control of temperature, humidity and ventilation during the bud induction and fruiting stages avoids damage to the mushrooms and reduces the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, improving the quality and uniformity of fruiting; post-harvest mycelial management promotes mycelial recovery and extends the utilization cycle of the mushroom logs; waste recycling achieves efficient centralized collection through mechanical turning, push-plate transfer and belt conveyor, reducing manual operation; the crushing and fermentation process kills miscellaneous bacteria and insect eggs and improves the fertilizer effect of the waste; combined with multi-level recycling (culture medium incorporation, organic fertilizer application, fuel / covering material application), it achieves closed-loop resource utilization, reduces planting costs, reduces waste emissions, improves soil structure and enhances the overall benefits of the greenhouse, ultimately forming a sustainable production model from planting to waste recycling.

[0029] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the three-dimensional circular cultivation device for edible fungi greenhouses of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the placement components of an embodiment of the three-dimensional circular cultivation device for edible mushroom greenhouses of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the placement components of an embodiment of the three-dimensional circular cultivation device for edible mushroom greenhouses of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top sectional view of the placement components in an embodiment of the three-dimensional circular cultivation device for edible mushroom greenhouses of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a top sectional view of the recycling trough in an embodiment of the three-dimensional circular cultivation device for edible mushroom greenhouses of the present invention. Figure 6This is a step diagram of the three-dimensional circular cultivation method for edible fungi in greenhouses according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a side sectional view of the placement plate in an embodiment of the three-dimensional circular planting device for edible fungi greenhouses of the present invention.

[0031] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. support frame; 2. placement plate; 3. motor; 4. connecting rod; 5. recycling tank; 6. slag discharge plate; 7. push plate; 8. brush strip; 9. outer shell; 10. electric control cylinder; 11. belt conveyor; 12. transfer box; 13. airbag layer; 14. air supply channel. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: Example

[0036] As attached Figure 1As shown: A three-dimensional circular cultivation device for edible mushroom greenhouses includes a greenhouse. In traditional greenhouse cultivation of edible mushrooms, the mushroom sticks are laid directly on the ground, which occupies a large area and has low space utilization. To address this, the greenhouse is equipped with several placement components for placing the mushroom sticks. Each placement component includes a symmetrically arranged support frame 1, and several placement plates 2 are installed on the support frame 1 to form a three-dimensional stacking of mushroom sticks. This allows more mushroom sticks to be placed in the limited greenhouse space, realizing three-dimensional cultivation and significantly improving the utilization rate of land and greenhouse space. Vertical stacking may result in insufficient light for the bottom mushroom sticks. To reduce this, the placement plates 2 are arranged alternately from top to bottom on the corresponding support frame 1 to increase the area of ​​the bottom mushroom sticks that receive light. To facilitate the rapid collection of used mushroom substrate, both ends of the placement plate 2 are equipped with flipping components for inverting the placement plate 2, combined with the attached... Figure 3 As shown, each flipping assembly includes several connecting rods 4, with both ends of the connecting rods 4 hinged to the corresponding upper and lower placement plates 2 on their respective sides; combined with the attached... Figure 4 As shown, a motor 3 for driving the flipping assembly is installed on the upper part of one side of the support frame 1. The preferred model of motor 3 is a Zoomlion CA504ET stepper motor 3. The output shaft of motor 3 is fixedly connected to the middle of one side of the top layer placement plate 2. By starting motor 3, the top layer placement plate 2 is controlled to flip (flipping range 0-60°). Under the action of connecting rod 4, each layer of placement plate 2 is sequentially flipped synchronously towards the inside of the support frame 1. Figure 3 As shown, since the placement plate 2 is staggered, after flipping, it provides a "Z" shaped movement path for the mushroom sticks, allowing the mushroom sticks to fall and accumulate quickly, reducing manual labor. At the same time, the mushroom sticks in the upper layer collide with the mushroom sticks in the lower layer during the fall, and the mushroom sticks collide and vibrate with each other during the fall and then break, which plays a role in the initial breaking of the mushroom sticks. When the mushroom logs fall directly to the ground, they need to be picked up and collected, which increases the workload. To avoid this, in conjunction with the attached... Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the support frame 1 is fixedly connected to a recycling trough 5 for collecting mushroom residue located below the placement plate 2. The mushroom residue can fall directly into the recycling trough 5, reducing the workload of manual picking. Slots can be set on both sides of the length direction of the recycling trough 5, and baffles can be attached in the slots to block the splashing mushroom residue. When the recycling tank 5 is full of mushroom residue, it needs to be transferred to a crusher for crushing. Removing the residue from the recycling tank 5 requires manual digging or moving the tank to the crushing area for dumping, increasing workload. To facilitate residue removal, each recycling tank 5 is equipped with a push-out component at one end for quick residue discharge. Figure 5As shown, each of the ejection components includes a drive assembly, which is fixedly connected to one side of the outside of the recycling tank 5. A push plate 7 is fixedly connected to the drive assembly, located inside the recycling tank 5 near the drive assembly. Each drive assembly includes a housing 9, one side of which is fixedly connected to the corresponding recycling tank 5. An electric control cylinder 10 is installed inside the housing 9, preferably a T130 electric cylinder. The output shaft of the electric control cylinder 10 passes through the corresponding housing 9 and the side wall of the recycling tank 5 and is fixedly connected to the corresponding push plate 7. A slag discharge plate 6 is hinged to the other end of each recycling tank 5. The hinge point between the slag discharge plate 6 and the recycling tank 5... All components are equipped with torsion springs. Simultaneously, a belt conveyor 11 for transporting mushroom residue is installed on the side of the greenhouse away from the electric control cylinder 10. The belt conveyor 11 is preferably a 304 stainless steel corrosion-resistant conveyor, and its height is lower than the bottom of the recovery tank 5 from the ground. A transfer box 12 is installed on the belt conveyor 11, located below the recovery tank 5. With this setup, when removing and transferring the mushroom residue, simply open the residue-removing plate 6, then activate the electric control cylinder 10 to push the push plate 7 into the transfer box 12, and then start the belt conveyor 11 to transport the transfer box 12 to the crushing and processing area. This configuration allows for convenient and rapid recovery of the mushroom residue and its transfer to a centralized processing area for subsequent recycling, thus improving resource utilization.

[0037] The specific implementation process is as follows: When the edible fungi cultivation is completed and the used mushroom sticks need to be recycled, the motor 3 is started to rotate. The reason for choosing to start the motor 3 is that it can precisely drive the top layer placement plate 2 to flip at a preset angle (45°). Through the linkage of the connecting rod 4 (which is sequentially hinged to the upper and lower placement plates 2), it can drive the lower layer placement plates 2 to flip synchronously towards the inside of the support frame 1. With the staggered distribution of the placement plates 2, a "Z" shaped movement path is provided for the mushroom sticks. This not only allows the mushroom sticks to fall and accumulate quickly, greatly reducing the amount of manual handling, but also causes the upper layer mushroom sticks to collide with the lower layer mushroom sticks during the fall, causing the mushroom sticks to break after mutual impact and vibration, which plays a preliminary role in breaking the mushroom sticks and reducing the burden for subsequent processing. The crushed mushroom residue falls directly into the recycling tank 5 located below the placement plate 2, avoiding manual picking. When the recycling tank 5 is full of mushroom residue, the slag discharge plate 6 with torsion spring hinged at the other end of the recycling tank 5 is opened, and the electric control cylinder 10 is started. The output shaft of the electric control cylinder 10 pushes the push plate 7 in the recycling tank 5 to push the mushroom residue out of the recycling tank 5. The pushed mushroom residue falls into the transfer box 12 on the belt conveyor 11. Then the belt conveyor 11 is started to transport the transfer box 12 to the crushing and processing area, completing the rapid recycling and transfer of the mushroom residue for subsequent recycling.

[0038] Experimental process of rapid recycling of mushroom residue using a three-dimensional circular cultivation device in edible mushroom greenhouses I. Experimental Objective The efficiency (including recovery time and manual input), crushing effect and transportation convenience of the three-dimensional circular planting device in the mushroom residue recycling process were verified, and its advantages were compared with those of the traditional manual recycling method.

[0039] II. Experimental Materials and Equipment 1. Experimental subjects: Used edible mushroom substrate (simulating discarded substrate after actual planting, quantity 200, each substrate weighing approximately 0.8 kg).

[0040] 2. Core components: • 3D placement components; • Flip component; • Recycling tank; • Launching components; • Belt conveyor.

[0041] • Auxiliary tools: stopwatch (to record time), electronic scale (to measure the weight of mushroom residue), breakage rate detection tool (sieve, 5mm aperture), and manual time record sheet.

[0042] III. Experimental Procedure 1. Experimental Preparation Stage • Equipment commissioning: Check the operating status of the motor, electric control cylinder, and belt conveyor to ensure that the tilting, pushing, and conveying functions are normal; • Placement of mushroom sticks: Evenly place 200 waste mushroom sticks on a three-dimensional placement board (10 sticks per board, 20 layers in total); • Comparison group setup: Simultaneously prepare a traditional manual recycling scenario (the same number of mushroom sticks are laid directly on the ground, without any three-dimensional devices).

[0043] 2. Equipment recovery operation phase Step 1: Turning the mushroom log over and dropping it, and initially breaking it apart. Start the motor to control the top placement plate to rotate (5r / min), and the lower placement plate will rotate synchronously through the connecting rod. Observe and record: Time required for all placement plates to be flipped (target ≤ 2 min); The phenomenon of mushroom logs breaking upon impact during their fall (upper layer mushroom logs impacting lower layer mushroom logs). Preliminary particle size of the crushed mushroom residue (screened with a 5mm sieve, and the percentage of large particles that did not pass through the sieve is recorded).

[0044] Step 2: Collect the mushroom residue into the recycling tank. After the mushroom logs are broken, they fall directly into the recycling tank below. Record the time required for the recycling tank to be completely filled with the residue from 200 broken mushroom sticks (target ≤ 3 min), and confirm that no manual picking is required.

[0045] Step 3: Pushing out and transferring mushroom residue Open the slag discharge plate at the end of the recycling tank and start the electric control cylinder to push the push plate; Observe and record: The time it takes for the pusher plate to completely push out the bacterial residue in the recycling tank (target ≤ 1 min). The integrity of the bacterial residue falling into the transfer box (no omissions); The time required to transport the transfer box to the crushing and processing area by starting the belt conveyor (speed 0.5m / s) (target ≤2min).

[0046] 3. Comparison Experiment with Traditional Manual Recycling • Manual collection of 200 mushroom logs: manual collection → transport to the crushing area → manual crushing; Record the total time for manual recycling, the number of participants (target ≥ 3 people), and the uniformity of crushing.

[0047] IV. Data Recording and Analysis

[0048] V. Experimental Conclusions This three-dimensional circular planting device, through the coordinated action of the flipping component, the recycling tank and the push-out component, can realize the rapid falling and crushing of the mushroom residue, automatic collection and efficient transfer. Compared with the traditional manual recycling method, the recycling time is shortened by more than 60%, the manual input is reduced by 2 / 3, and the recycling efficiency and resource recycling rate of mushroom residue are significantly improved. Example

[0049] As attached Figure 5 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that when the pusher plate 7 pushes the bacterial residue out of the recycling tank 5, the bacterial residue may adhere to the inner wall of the recycling tank 5, affecting the smooth movement of the pusher plate 7. To reduce this, a brush strip 8 is provided at the bottom of each pusher plate 7, and the inner wall of the recycling tank 5 is located within the movement trajectory of the brush strip 8. The inner sidewall of the recycling tank 5 is provided with an anti-sticking layer. During the movement of the pusher plate 7, the brush strip 8 can scrape off the bacterial residue adhering to the inner wall of the recycling tank 5 through friction, reducing residue. The anti-sticking layer on the inner sidewall of the recycling tank 5 reduces surface adhesion, thereby reducing the adhesion between the bacterial residue and the inner wall from the source. The two work together to effectively prevent the pusher plate 7 from getting stuck due to bacterial residue adhesion, ensuring that the pusher plate 7 smoothly pushes out the bacterial residue, improving recycling efficiency, and reducing the frequency of manual cleaning of the inner wall, thus reducing workload. Example

[0050] The difference from the above embodiments is that, as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 7As shown, each of the placement plates 2 has an airbag layer 13 at its top, and the airbag layers 13 are all located on the same side of the placement plates 2. When the placement plate 2 is tilted, the airbag layers 13 are respectively aligned with the inner side of the upper placement plate 2 (except for the uppermost placement plate 2). Each placement plate 2 is provided with several air supply channels 14. One end of each air supply channel 14 is connected to the corresponding airbag layer 13 on the placement plate 2, and the other end of each air supply channel 14 extends to the opposite end of the placement plate 2.

[0051] The specific implementation process is as follows: When the edible fungi are harvested, the motor 3 is started to drive the top layer placement plate 2 to flip. Under the linkage of the connecting rod 4, the lower layer placement plate 2 tilts synchronously towards the inside of the support frame 1 (tilt angle 30-45°). At this time, the air bladder layer 13 at the top of each layer placement plate 2 (except the top layer) corresponds exactly to the inside of the upper layer placement plate 2, forming a buffer node of the "Z" shaped trajectory.

[0052] The bacterial residue slides down from the upper placement plate 2, falling along a "Z"-shaped trajectory, first impacting the airbag layer 13 at the top of the lower placement plate 2. Upon impact, the airbag layer 13 undergoes elastic compression, compressing the internal gas and causing it to flow rapidly through the air delivery channel 14 within the placement plate 2. The gas travels from the airbag layer 13 through the air delivery channel 14 to the outermost end of the placement plate 2, and finally exits from the outlet of the air delivery channel 14. The ejected gas directly acts on the bacterial residue remaining on the outer side of the placement plate 2 (this residue may not have naturally slid down due to insufficient tilt angle of the placement plate 2 or its own adhesion), creating a directional airflow that propels it to roll inwards. The rolling bacterial residue continues to slide down the inclined plate surface under gravity, eventually falling into the recovery tank 5 below. Example

[0053] As attached Figure 6 As shown, a method for three-dimensional circular cultivation of edible fungi in greenhouses includes the following steps: Step 1, Preparation of mushroom substrate: Use sawdust and cottonseed hulls as raw materials to prepare a culture medium, pack it into bags and sterilize it (preferably use plastic bags specifically for mushroom substrate cultivation), cool it and inoculate it with oyster mushroom spawn, and cultivate it in an environment of 20-25℃ until the mycelium fills the bag to obtain the culture substrate; Step 2, Greenhouse pretreatment: Clean and disinfect the greenhouse, check the ventilation, diffused light facilities and humidification equipment to ensure a clean environment. At the same time, set up the support frame 1 and the placement board 2 inside the greenhouse, and wipe the surface of the placement board 2 with disinfectant in advance. Step 3, placing the mushroom logs on the shelf: Place the mushroom logs horizontally on the placement plate 2 in a single layer to avoid stacking and squeezing. The spacing between the mushroom logs should be 10-15 cm, and the width of the aisle between the shelves should be ≥60 cm. Step 4, bud induction management: Maintain humidity of 85%-90% and temperature of 12-20℃ in the greenhouse. Use a fan to generate airflow and allow the air to circulate through the gaps in support frame 1. Do this 2-3 times a day for 30 minutes each time. Step 5, Mushroom Management: During the mushroom bud growth period, spray water on the ground below the placement rack 1 to increase humidity, avoiding direct spraying of the mushrooms, and utilize the space of the placement rack 1 to create a stable humidity environment; regularly clean the debris on the surface of the placement rack 1 to prevent the growth of miscellaneous bacteria; Step 6, Harvesting and Cultivation: Harvest when the cap edge is flat. After harvesting, clean the surface of the mushroom sticks to remove any remaining mushrooms. Increase the spacing of the cultivation sticks on rack 1 by 10 cm. Stop watering for 1-2 days to cultivate the mycelium. Repeat the bud induction process afterward. Step 7, Mushroom Stick Residue Recycling: After the last flush of mushrooms is finished, remove the plastic bag of the mushroom stick, start motor 3 to flip the placement rack 1, and collect the mushroom stick residue in the recycling tank 5 below. Then start electric control cylinder 10 to drive push plate 7 to push the residue into transfer box 12. Then start belt conveyor 11 to transport transfer box 12 to crusher. Step 8, Crushing and Fermentation: Crush the residue into granules, mix it with fresh sawdust or straw in a 1:1 ratio, add 5% quicklime and composting agent, pile it into a fermentation pile 1.5 meters high, turn the pile over every 3 days, and compost for 15-20 days to kill miscellaneous bacteria and insect eggs. Step 9, Recycling: Edible mushroom culture medium: Add fresh culture medium (such as cottonseed hulls and corn cobs) at a ratio of 30%-40% for cultivating oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms and other varieties that are tolerant of poor soil conditions; Organic fertilizer: The residue after fermentation is used as organic fertilizer and applied to vegetables or fruit trees in greenhouses to improve soil structure; Fuel / Covering Material: The residue can be used as heating fuel for greenhouses in winter, or spread on the ground as a moisture-retaining and heat-insulating covering layer.

[0054] The specific implementation process is as follows: First, prepare the mushroom substrate. Use sawdust and cottonseed hulls as raw materials to prepare the culture medium, fill it into bags, and then sterilize it at high temperature. After cooling, inoculate with oyster mushroom spawn and cultivate it at 20-25℃ until the mycelium fully colonizes the bags. Next, pre-treat the greenhouse by cleaning and disinfecting the interior, checking the ventilation, diffused light facilities, and humidification equipment to ensure a clean environment. At the same time, set up the support frame 1 and the placement board 2 inside the greenhouse, and wipe the surface of the placement board 2 with disinfectant beforehand. Then, place the mature mushroom substrate horizontally on the placement board 2 in a single layer. To avoid stacking and squeezing, maintain a 10-15 cm gap between the mushroom logs and ensure that the aisle width between the shelves is no less than 60 cm. During the bud induction management stage, control the humidity inside the greenhouse at 85%-90% and the temperature at 12-20℃. Ventilate through the gaps in support frame 1, 2-3 times daily for 30 minutes each time. During the fruiting management, spray water onto the ground below the shelves to increase humidity during the bud growth period, avoiding direct spraying onto the mushrooms. Utilize the shelf space to create a stable humidity environment and regularly clean debris from the shelf surface to prevent the growth of unwanted fungi. When the edges of the mushroom caps are flat... Harvesting is carried out during the exhibition. After harvesting, the residual mushrooms on the surface of the mushroom logs are cleaned, and the spacing between the mushroom logs on the rack is increased by 10 cm. Watering is stopped for 1-2 days to allow the mycelium to grow, and then the bud induction process is repeated. After the last flush of mushrooms, the residue collection stage begins. The plastic bags of the mushroom logs are removed, and the motor 3 is started to flip the rack, allowing the residue to fall into the collection trough 5 below for collection. Then, the electric control cylinder 10 drives the push plate 7 to push the residue into the transfer box 12, and then the belt conveyor 11 is started to transport the transfer box 12 to the crusher. The crushed residue is processed into granules and mixed with fresh wood in a 1:1 ratio. Mix shavings or straw with 5% quicklime and a composting agent, and pile them into a 1.5-meter-high fermentation pile. Turn the pile over every 3 days and continue composting for 15-20 days to kill miscellaneous bacteria and insect eggs. Finally, achieve recycling: the fermented residue is mixed into new culture medium (such as cottonseed hulls and corn cobs) at a ratio of 30%-40% for cultivating oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms and other varieties that are tolerant of poor soil; or it can be used as organic fertilizer for vegetables or fruit trees in greenhouses to improve soil structure; the fine residue can also be used as fuel for greenhouse heating in winter, or spread on the ground as a moisture-retaining and heat-insulating covering layer.

[0055] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional circulation planting device for edible fungi in a greenhouse, comprising a greenhouse, characterized in that, The greenhouse is provided with a plurality of placing assemblies for placing edible fungus sticks, and each placing assembly comprises symmetrically arranged support frames (1), each of which is provided with a plurality of placing plates (2) installed thereon, and the placing plates (2) are staggered from top to bottom on the corresponding support frames (1); Each of the placing plates (2) is provided with a turnover assembly for overturning the placing plate (2) at both ends thereof, and a motor (3) for driving the turnover assembly is installed on the upper part of one side of the support frame (1); The bottom of each support frame (1) is fixedly connected with a recycling groove (5) below the placing plate (2) for collecting fungus residues; One end of each recycling groove (5) is provided with a push-out assembly for quickly discharging the fungus residues, and the other end of each recycling groove (5) is hingedly connected with a residue discharging plate (6).

2. The edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulation planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each turnover assembly comprises a plurality of connecting rods (4), and the two ends of each connecting rod (4) are hingedly connected with the sides of the upper and lower placing plates (2) that are close to each other.

3. The edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulation planting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each push-out assembly comprises a driving assembly, which is fixedly connected with the outside of one side of the recycling groove (5), and the driving assembly is fixedly connected with a push plate (7) located on one side of the recycling groove (5) close to the driving assembly.

4. The edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulation planting device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A torsional spring is arranged at the hinge between the residue discharging plate (6) and the recycling groove (5).

5. The edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulation planting device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom end of each push plate (7) is provided with a brush strip (8), and the inner wall of each recycling groove (5) is located in the movement track of the brush strip (8).

6. The edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulation planting device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each driving assembly comprises a housing (9), one side of which is fixedly connected with the corresponding recycling groove (5), and an electric control cylinder (10) is installed in the inside of the housing (9), and the output shaft of the electric control cylinder (10) penetrates through the corresponding housing (9) and the side wall of the recycling groove (5) and is fixedly connected with the corresponding push plate (7).

7. The edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulation planting device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner side wall of each recycling groove (5) is provided with an anti-sticking layer.

8. The edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulation planting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A belt conveyor (11) for conveying fungus residues is installed on the side of the greenhouse away from the electric control cylinder (10), and the height of the belt conveyor (11) is lower than the height from the bottom of the recycling groove (5) to the ground.

9. The edible mushroom greenhouse three-dimensional circulation planting device according to claim 8, characterized in that, A transfer box (12) is arranged on the belt conveyor (11) and located below the recycling groove (5).

10. A three-dimensional circulation planting and cultivating method for edible mushroom greenhouses, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step one, fungus stick preparation: wood chips and cotton seed hulls are selected as raw materials to prepare culture medium, which is sterilized after being bagged and cooled, and then flat mushroom spores are inoculated, and the culture fungus stick is obtained after the fungus is cultured to full bag at 20-25℃ environment; Step two, greenhouse pretreatment: clean and disinfect the greenhouse, and install the support frame (1) and the placing plate (2) in the greenhouse, and wipe the surface of the placing plate (2) with disinfectant water in advance; Step three, fungus stick shelving: the culture fungus stick is placed horizontally on the placing plate (2) and arranged in a single layer, and the distance between the fungus sticks is 10-15 centimeters, and the width of the channel between the shelves is ≥60 centimeters; Step four, bud management: keep the humidity in the greenhouse at 85%-90% and the temperature at 12-20℃, and ventilate by using a fan 2-3 times a day for 30 minutes each time; Step five, mushroom management: during the growth period of mushroom buds, water is sprayed on the ground below the placing shelf, and the shelf surface is cleaned regularly; Step six, harvesting and fungus cultivation: harvest when the edges of the mushroom caps are flat, clean the surface of the fungus stick after harvesting, increase the interval between the culture fungus sticks on the placing shelf (1) by 10 centimeters, stop water for 1-2 days for fungus cultivation, and then repeat the bud induction process. Step seven, residue recycling: After the last batch of mushrooms is harvested, the bags are removed, the motor (3) is started to flip the rack (1), and the residue falls into the collection tank (5) below. The electric cylinder (10) is then started to drive the push plate (7) to push the residue into the transfer box (12). The belt conveyor (11) is then started to transport the transfer box (12) to the crusher. Step eight, crushing and fermentation: The residue is crushed into granules, mixed with fresh sawdust or straw at a ratio of 1:1, and 5% lime and composting agents are added. The mixture is formed into a fermentation pile with a height of 1.5 meters. The pile is turned every 3 days, and the composting process takes 15-20 days to kill bacteria and insect eggs. Step nine, recycling: Edible mushroom culture medium: Mix new culture medium at a ratio of 30%-40%; Organic fertilizer: The fermented residue can be used as organic fertilizer for vegetables or fruit trees in the greenhouse; Fuel / mulch: The residue can be used as fuel for winter heating in the greenhouse or as mulch on the ground.

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