Planting method of plateau taste type tomato

Abstract

The application relates to a planting method of a plateau region taste type tomato, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting; the planting method comprises seed pretreatment, seed soaking treatment and planting management; the seed soaking treatment method comprises the following steps: preparing a composite malic acid, preparing a stabilizer, preparing a soaking liquid and soaking tomato seeds; the germination rate of the planted tomato seeds is 95-97%, the germination rate is high, the photosynthetic rate of the tomato leaf is 18-20 mu mol CO2 / (m 2 s), the plant has strong ultraviolet resistance; after the prepared soaking liquid and irrigation liquid are placed for 15 days, the solution has less precipitation and good stability; the soluble solid content of the tomato fruit at a red ripe stage is 5.89-6.71%, the ratio of the sugar content to the acid content in the tomato fruit at the red ripe stage is 8.7-9.5:1, the fruit skin hardness of the fruit at the red ripe stage is 1.0-1.2 kg / cm 2 , the skin is thin and soft, and the tomato has good taste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for cultivating high-quality tomatoes in high-altitude areas, belonging to the field of vegetable cultivation technology. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, consumers have become increasingly demanding in terms of tomato quality. Taste has become an important indicator for measuring tomato quality. Traditional tomatoes have gradually become unable to meet consumer needs in terms of taste, and flavor-oriented tomatoes have emerged. Flavor-oriented tomatoes are widely favored in the market due to their rich flavor and complex taste. However, flavor-oriented tomatoes face many planting challenges in high-altitude areas.

[0003] In high-altitude areas, the air is thin, and the intensity of ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation is 2-3 times that of low-altitude areas. Compared with traditional varieties, flavorful tomato seeds have thinner seed coats and less nutrient reserves, resulting in poor storage resistance, weaker seed germination potential, and low natural germination rate. Excessive ultraviolet radiation can damage the DNA and protein structure within the seeds, harming embryo cells and further reducing the germination potential. At the same time, strong ultraviolet radiation can damage the chlorophyll structure of tomato leaves, damaging photosynthetic reaction centers, leading to decreased photosynthetic efficiency and hindering the synthesis and transport of carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose). Insufficient sugar accumulation in the fruit will directly cause an imbalance in the sugar-acid ratio, changing the taste from sweet and sour to acidic or bland, losing the core flavor basis of flavorful tomatoes. Strong ultraviolet radiation can induce lignification of the fruit epidermal cells, increasing the thickness and toughness of the peel, resulting in a "chewy" texture when eaten, which contradicts the "thin-skinned and tender-fleshed" characteristics of flavorful tomatoes.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, the most common method currently used is to soak seeds in potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and then irrigate the tomato plants. According to the published paper by He Juan et al., the phosphorus and potassium elements in potassium dihydrogen phosphate can activate the enzyme system within the seed, promote the activity of respiratory enzymes, and facilitate the conversion of insoluble substances such as starch and protein stored in the endosperm into soluble sugars and amino acids. This provides easily absorbed nutrients for embryo growth and development, breaks seed dormancy more quickly, and thus improves the germination rate of tomato seeds (Exogenous material screening to improve the germination rate of aged tomato seeds. He Juan). Wang Zhipeng, et al. [A] Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology (2021); According to the published paper by Liu Chaogui et al., applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to tomato plants can increase the soluble protein content, increase the chlorophyll content, and increase the activity of catalase in tomato plants, thereby reducing the impact of strong ultraviolet radiation on the growth of tomato plants (Effects of different concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the physiological and biochemical properties of tomato seedlings. Liu Chaogui, Xu Jian, Yang Jing et al. [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2014 (23): 27-29).

[0005] In the process of using potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for seed soaking and irrigation of tomato plants, the soaking and irrigation solutions are prepared first, followed by the soaking and irrigation of the tomato plants. However, during the preparation of the soaking and irrigation solutions, a precipitate is formed. Analysis shows that the main reason for this phenomenon is the insufficient stability of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; dihydrogen phosphate ions readily react with impurities such as Ca in agricultural water. 2+ Mg 2+ The combination of calcium and magnesium phosphates produces insoluble precipitates such as calcium phosphate and magnesium phosphate, reducing the effective phosphorus content and thus affecting the germination rate of tomato seeds and their resistance to strong ultraviolet radiation. According to the patent disclosed in CN116573961A, adding certain buffers, stabilizers, and antifreeze agents to the calcium-magnesium solution creates a buffer system, solving the problem of precipitation when calcium and phosphate are mixed. However, this method still has the following problem: when preparing potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, the buffer cannot completely prevent the combination of calcium ions and phosphate ions, and precipitation will still form over a long period, thus affecting the effect. Agricultural water in high-altitude areas such as Tibet has high mineralization and hardness, and the calcium content is high. 2+ Mg 2+ The high content of these substances further exacerbated this adverse effect.

[0006] In summary, high-altitude areas have many adverse effects on the cultivation of flavorful tomatoes, mainly manifested in the following ways:

[0007] (1) Excessive ultraviolet radiation can damage the DNA and protein structure in seeds, affecting the germination rate of flavorful tomato seeds, resulting in low emergence rate and low seedling uniformity.

[0008] (2) Strong ultraviolet radiation damages the chlorophyll structure of tomato leaves, causing physiological damage to the plant and deterioration of fruit quality. It also directly weakens the core taste characteristics of tomatoes (sugar-acid ratio), seriously affecting quality.

[0009] Currently, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is often used for seed soaking and irrigation of tomato plants to overcome the above-mentioned adverse effects. However, the existing technology still has the drawback of poor stability of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, which affects the effect. How to overcome this technical deficiency is a key problem that needs to be solved urgently for growing flavorful tomatoes in high-altitude areas. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for cultivating high-quality tomatoes in high-altitude regions. This method can ensure a high germination rate of tomato seeds in high-altitude areas while improving the plant's resistance to ultraviolet radiation, mitigating damage to the fruit peel and photosynthesis caused by strong ultraviolet radiation, ensuring sugar accumulation and texture in the fruit, and also provides a stable potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

[0011] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0012] A method for cultivating highland-style tomatoes includes the following steps: seed pretreatment, seed soaking treatment, and planting management;

[0013] The seed pretreatment method is as follows: tomato seeds that are not plump or damaged are placed in a potassium silicate solution at 50-57℃, stirred and cooled to room temperature, and then soaked for 5-6 hours. After soaking, the seeds are naturally dried to obtain pretreated tomato seeds.

[0014] The mass concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 0.05-0.15%;

[0015] The mass ratio of the seeds to the potassium silicate solution is 14-16:70-80.

[0016] The seed soaking treatment method includes preparing compound malic acid, preparing a stabilizer, preparing a soaking solution, and soaking tomato seeds.

[0017] The preparation method of the composite malic acid is as follows: 2-hydroxysuccinic acid (malic acid) is added to a container containing deionized water and mixed evenly to obtain a 2-hydroxysuccinic acid solution. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise to the 2-hydroxysuccinic acid solution, and the dropwise addition rate of concentrated sulfuric acid is controlled at 0.5-1.5 mL / min. During the dropwise addition, the container is stirred at a speed of 120-140 r / min. After the dropwise addition is completed, the solution temperature is raised to 40-60℃. Aminosulfonic acid powder is added to the solution, and the stirring speed is controlled at 270-290 r / min. The reaction time is 1-2 h. After the reaction is completed, heating is stopped, and the solution temperature is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Sodium hydroxide solution is slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to 5.5-6.0. After adjustment, the solution is filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain sulfonic acid modified malic acid, i.e., composite malic acid.

[0018] The sodium hydroxide solution was added at a rate of 1-2 mL / min.

[0019] The concentrated sulfuric acid has a mass concentration of 95-97%;

[0020] The concentration conditions are as follows: concentration to 1 / 5 of the original volume of the filtrate, concentration temperature of 65-70℃, and vacuum degree of 0.078-0.080MPa;

[0021] The mass ratio of 2-hydroxysuccinic acid, deionized water, concentrated sulfuric acid and aminosulfonic acid powder is 11-13:45-55:0.1-0.5:8-12.

[0022] The stabilizer is prepared by adding aspartic acid and complex malic acid to N,N-dimethylformamide, adding NaH2PO4 as a catalyst, controlling the solution temperature at 120-150℃, and ultrasonically oscillating in an ultrasonic field of 40-50kHz for 10-20 minutes with an ultrasonic power of 50-60W. After ultrasonication, an intermediate solution is obtained. The intermediate solution is then hydrolyzed, purified, and dried to obtain the aspartic acid-sulfonic acid modified malic acid copolymer, i.e., the stabilizer.

[0023] The mass ratio of aspartic acid, complex malic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide, and NaH2PO4 is as follows:

[0024] 29-33: 45-49: 7.5-8.0: 16.1-16.5.

[0025] The method for preparing the seed soaking solution is as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a stabilizer are added to agricultural water at the same time, and the mixture is stirred at a speed of 80-100 r / min for 10-20 min at room temperature. After stirring, the seed soaking solution is obtained.

[0026] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 0.3-0.7:90-95:5-5.5.

[0027] The method for soaking tomato seeds is as follows: add the pretreated tomato seeds to the soaking solution, stir once every 1.5-2 hours, soak at room temperature for 9-10 hours, and after soaking, let them dry naturally to obtain the soaked tomato seeds.

[0028] The mass ratio of the pretreated tomato seeds to the soaking solution is 1:60-65.

[0029] The planting and management method involves sowing soaked tomato seeds in a greenhouse seedling nursery, controlling the daytime bed temperature at 28-29℃, selecting strong seedlings for transplanting after the seedling stage, ensuring the root ball remains intact during transplanting to minimize root damage, and transplanting at a rate of 1000-2000 liters per 667m². 2 Plant 2950-3000 seedlings. After planting, irrigate with sap, prune, and control the greenhouse temperature at 27-28℃ and the relative humidity at 65-75% during the day.

[0030] In the aforementioned planting management, every 667m 2 Cultivation area, seed quantity for seedling raising is 8-10g;

[0031] The standard for transplanting robust seedlings is 5 leaves and 1 bud, plant height of 16-18cm, and stem diameter of 0.5-0.7cm;

[0032] The method for applying the irrigation solution is as follows: apply the solution four times consecutively. Apply the solution once on the day of transplanting, with a dosage of 150-200 mL per plant; apply the solution once when the first inflorescence buds, with a dosage of 250-300 mL per plant; and apply the solution once each when the third and fifth inflorescences bud, with a dosage of 300-350 mL per plant each time.

[0033] The method for preparing the irrigation solution is as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and stabilizer (aspartic acid-sulfonic acid modified malic acid copolymer) are added to agricultural water at the same time, and stirred at 80-100 r / min for 10-20 min at room temperature. After stirring, the irrigation solution is obtained.

[0034] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 2-3:89-93:5.5-6.5;

[0035] The pruning method is as follows: single-stem pruning, leaving 6 fruit clusters; the last fruit cluster on the main stem is topped with 4 functional leaves above the fruit to avoid exposing the fruit cluster.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] 1. This invention modifies malic acid with sulfonic acid. The strongly hydrophilic sulfonic acid group replaces the hydroxyl group, thereby improving the water solubility of malic acid and allowing it to be more evenly dispersed in water, thus enhancing its affinity for impurities such as Ca. 2+ Mg 2+ The present invention combines malic acid with sulfonic acid groups replacing hydroxyl groups, and after copolymerization with aspartic acid, more carboxyl groups are retained, thereby improving the affinity for Ca. 2+ Mg 2+ The chelating ability between them; by preparing a stabilizer, the volume effect of the copolymer forms a steric barrier, which can block phosphate ions from approaching the chelate, prevent the decomposition of the chelate, and improve the stability of the chelate in agricultural water; after the prepared seed soaking solution and irrigation solution are left to stand for 15 days, the precipitation concentration of the seed soaking solution is 4.3-7.0 mg / L, and the precipitation concentration of the irrigation solution is 4.7-8.3 mg / L, with little precipitation and good stability.

[0038] 2. This invention not only solves the problem of low germination rate of tomato seeds in high-altitude areas, but also greatly alleviates the damage of strong ultraviolet radiation to the photosynthesis of tomato plants and the fruit peel, ensuring the accumulation of sugar and the texture of the fruit. The tomato seeds grown using this invention have a germination rate of 95-97%, which is high. The plants have strong resistance to ultraviolet radiation, preventing ultraviolet radiation from damaging chlorophyll. The photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves is 18-20 μmol CO2 / (m²). 2The soluble solids content of harvested red-ripe tomato fruits is 5.89-6.71%, the sugar-to-acid ratio during the red-ripe stage is 8.7-9.5:1, and the skin firmness is 1.0-1.2 kg / cm². 2 Tomatoes have a sweet and sour taste, and ripe tomatoes have thin and soft skin, resulting in a good texture. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] (1) Seed pretreatment

[0042] The seed pretreatment method is as follows: tomato seeds that are not plump or damaged are placed in a potassium silicate solution at 53°C, stirred and cooled to room temperature, and then soaked for 5.5 hours. After soaking, the seeds are naturally dried to obtain pretreated tomato seeds.

[0043] The tomato seeds mentioned are of the variety Yulinglong;

[0044] The mass concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 0.1%;

[0045] The mass ratio of the seeds to the potassium silicate solution is 15:75.

[0046] (2) Seed soaking treatment

[0047] A. Preparation of composite malic acid

[0048] 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (malic acid) was added to a container containing deionized water and mixed thoroughly to obtain a 2-hydroxybutyric acid solution. Concentrated sulfuric acid was added dropwise to the 2-hydroxybutyric acid solution at a rate of 1.0 mL / min, while the container was stirred at 130 r / min during the addition. After the addition was completed, the solution temperature was raised to 50 °C, and aminosulfonic acid powder was added to the solution. The stirring speed was controlled at 280 r / min, and the reaction time was 1.5 h. After the reaction was completed, heating was stopped, and the solution was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Sodium hydroxide solution was then slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to 5.7. After adjustment, the solution was filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain sulfonic acid-modified malic acid, i.e., complex malic acid.

[0049] The sodium hydroxide solution was added at a rate of 1.5 mL / min.

[0050] The concentrated sulfuric acid has a mass concentration of 96%.

[0051] The concentration conditions are as follows: concentration to 1 / 5 of the original volume of the filtrate, concentration temperature of 67°C, and vacuum degree of 0.079 MPa.

[0052] The mass ratio of 2-hydroxysuccinic acid, deionized water, concentrated sulfuric acid, and aminosulfonic acid powder is 12:50:0.3:10.

[0053] B. Preparation of stabilizers

[0054] Aspartic acid and complex malic acid were added to N,N-dimethylformamide, and NaH2PO4 was added as a catalyst. The solution temperature was controlled at 130℃, and the mixture was ultrasonically oscillated in an ultrasonic field of 45kHz for 15min with an ultrasonic power of 55W. After ultrasonication, an intermediate solution was obtained. The intermediate solution was hydrolyzed, purified, and dried to obtain the aspartic acid-sulfonic acid modified malic acid copolymer, i.e., the stabilizer.

[0055] The mass ratio of aspartic acid, complex malic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide, and NaH2PO4 is as follows:

[0056] 31:47:7.7:16.3.

[0057] C. Preparation of soaking solution

[0058] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and stabilizer were added to agricultural water at the same time, and stirred at 90 r / min for 15 min at room temperature. After stirring, the seed soaking solution was obtained.

[0059] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 0.5:93:5.3.

[0060] D. Soaking tomato seeds

[0061] The pretreated tomato seeds were added to the soaking solution and stirred once every 1.7 hours. The seeds were soaked at room temperature for 9.5 hours. After soaking, the seeds were dried naturally to obtain the soaked tomato seeds.

[0062] The mass ratio of the pretreated tomato seeds to the soaking solution is 1:63.

[0063] (3) Planting Management

[0064] Tomato seeds, after soaking treatment, were sown in the seedling nursery in a greenhouse. The daytime bed temperature was controlled at 28.5℃. After the seedling stage, strong seedlings were selected for transplanting, ensuring the root ball remained intact to minimize root damage. Transplanting was done at a rate of 1000 ml per 667 m². 2 2970 plants were planted. After planting, irrigation solution was applied, and the plants were pruned. The greenhouse temperature was controlled at 27.5℃ and the relative humidity was controlled at 70% during the day. Other measures, such as strengthening fertilizer and water management and pest and disease control, were carried out as usual.

[0065] In the aforementioned planting management, every 667m 2 The cultivation area and the seed quantity for seedling raising are 9g;

[0066] The standard for transplanting robust seedlings is 5 leaves and 1 bud, plant height of 17cm, and stem diameter of 0.6cm;

[0067] The method for applying the irrigation solution is as follows: apply the solution four times consecutively. Apply the solution once on the day of transplanting, with a solution volume of 180 mL / plant. Apply the solution once when the first inflorescence buds, with a solution volume of 270 mL / plant. Apply the solution once when the third and fifth inflorescences bud, with a solution volume of 330 mL / plant each time.

[0068] The method for preparing the irrigation solution is as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and stabilizer (aspartic acid-sulfonic acid modified malic acid copolymer) are added to agricultural water at the same time, and stirred at 90 r / min for 15 min at room temperature. After stirring, the irrigation solution is obtained.

[0069] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 2.5:91:6.1;

[0070] The pruning method is as follows: single-stem pruning, leaving 6 fruit clusters, increasing the functional leaf area, utilizing the plant canopy's own shading to reduce direct fruit exposure; for the last fruit cluster on the main stem, the top 4 functional leaves above the fruit are retained and the fruit cluster is pinched off to avoid the fruit cluster being exposed.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] (1) Seed pretreatment

[0073] The seed pretreatment method is as follows: tomato seeds that are not plump or damaged are placed in a potassium silicate solution at 50°C, stirred and cooled to room temperature, and then soaked for 5 hours. After soaking, the seeds are dried naturally to obtain pretreated tomato seeds.

[0074] The tomato seeds mentioned are of the variety Yulinglong;

[0075] The potassium silicate solution has a mass concentration of 0.05%.

[0076] The mass ratio of the seeds to the potassium silicate solution is 14:70.

[0077] (2) Seed soaking treatment

[0078] A. Preparation of composite malic acid

[0079] 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (malic acid) was added to a container containing deionized water and mixed thoroughly to obtain a 2-hydroxybutyric acid solution. Concentrated sulfuric acid was added dropwise to the 2-hydroxybutyric acid solution at a rate of 0.5 mL / min, while the container was stirred at 120 r / min during the addition. After the addition was completed, the solution temperature was raised to 40°C, and aminosulfonic acid powder was added to the solution. The stirring speed was controlled at 270 r / min, and the reaction time was 1 h. After the reaction was completed, heating was stopped, and the solution was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Sodium hydroxide solution was then slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to 5.5. After adjustment, the solution was filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain sulfonic acid-modified malic acid, i.e., complex malic acid.

[0080] The sodium hydroxide solution was added at a rate of 1 mL / min.

[0081] The concentrated sulfuric acid has a mass concentration of 95%.

[0082] The concentration conditions are as follows: concentration to 1 / 5 of the original volume of the filtrate, concentration temperature of 65°C, and vacuum degree of 0.078 MPa.

[0083] The mass ratio of 2-hydroxysuccinic acid, deionized water, concentrated sulfuric acid, and aminosulfonic acid powder is 11:45:0.1:8.

[0084] B. Preparation of stabilizers

[0085] Aspartic acid and complex malic acid were added to N,N-dimethylformamide, and NaH2PO4 was added as a catalyst. The solution temperature was controlled at 120℃, and the mixture was ultrasonically oscillated in an ultrasonic field of 40kHz for 10min with an ultrasonic power of 50W. After ultrasonication, an intermediate solution was obtained. The intermediate solution was hydrolyzed, purified, and dried to obtain the aspartic acid-sulfonic acid modified malic acid copolymer, i.e., the stabilizer.

[0086] The mass ratio of aspartic acid, complex malic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide, and NaH2PO4 is as follows:

[0087] 29:45:7.5:16.1.

[0088] C. Preparation of soaking solution

[0089] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and stabilizer were added to agricultural water at the same time, and stirred at 80 r / min for 10 min at room temperature. After stirring, the seed soaking solution was obtained.

[0090] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 0.3:90:5.

[0091] D. Soaking tomato seeds

[0092] The pretreated tomato seeds were added to the soaking solution and stirred once every 1.5 hours. The seeds were soaked at room temperature for 9 hours. After soaking, the seeds were dried naturally to obtain the soaked tomato seeds.

[0093] The mass ratio of the pretreated tomato seeds to the soaking solution is 1:60.

[0094] (3) Planting Management

[0095] Tomato seeds, after soaking treatment, were sown in the seedbed of a greenhouse. The daytime bed temperature was controlled at 28℃. After seedling cultivation, strong seedlings were selected for transplanting, ensuring the root ball remained intact to minimize root damage. Transplanting was done at a rate of 1000 m² per 667 m². 2 2950 plants were planted. After planting, irrigation solution was applied, and the plants were pruned. The greenhouse temperature was controlled at 27℃ during the day and the relative humidity was controlled at 65% during the day. Other measures such as strengthening fertilizer and water management and pest and disease control were carried out as usual.

[0096] In the aforementioned planting management, every 667m 2 Cultivation area, seed quantity for seedling raising is 8g;

[0097] The standard for transplanting robust seedlings is that the plant has 5 leaves and 1 heart, a height of 16cm, and a stem diameter of 0.5cm.

[0098] The method for applying the irrigation solution is as follows: apply the solution four times consecutively. Apply the solution once on the day of transplanting, with a dosage of 150 mL / plant. Apply the solution once when the first inflorescence buds, with a dosage of 250 mL / plant. Apply the solution once when the third and fifth inflorescences bud, with a dosage of 300 mL / plant each time.

[0099] The method for preparing the irrigation solution is as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and stabilizer (aspartic acid-sulfonic acid modified malic acid copolymer) are added to agricultural water at the same time, and stirred at 80 r / min for 10 min at room temperature. After stirring, the irrigation solution is obtained.

[0100] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 2:89:5.5;

[0101] The pruning method is as follows: single-stem pruning, leaving 6 fruit clusters, increasing the functional leaf area, utilizing the plant canopy's own shading to reduce direct fruit exposure; for the last fruit cluster on the main stem, the top 4 functional leaves above the fruit are retained and the fruit cluster is pinched off to avoid the fruit cluster being exposed.

[0102] Example 3

[0103] (1) Seed pretreatment

[0104] The seed pretreatment method is as follows: tomato seeds that are not plump or damaged are placed in a potassium silicate solution at 57°C, stirred and cooled to room temperature, and then soaked for 6 hours. After soaking, the seeds are dried naturally to obtain pretreated tomato seeds.

[0105] The tomato seeds mentioned are of the variety Yulinglong;

[0106] The potassium silicate solution has a mass concentration of 0.15%.

[0107] The mass ratio of the seeds to the potassium silicate solution is 16:80.

[0108] (2) Seed soaking treatment

[0109] A. Preparation of composite malic acid

[0110] 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (malic acid) was added to a container containing deionized water and mixed thoroughly to obtain a 2-hydroxybutyric acid solution. Concentrated sulfuric acid was added dropwise to the 2-hydroxybutyric acid solution at a rate of 1.5 mL / min, while the container was stirred at 140 r / min during the addition. After the addition was completed, the solution temperature was raised to 60°C, and aminosulfonic acid powder was added to the solution. The stirring speed was controlled at 290 r / min, and the reaction time was 2 h. After the reaction was completed, heating was stopped, and the solution was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Sodium hydroxide solution was then slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to 6.0. After adjustment, the solution was filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain sulfonic acid-modified malic acid, i.e., complex malic acid.

[0111] The sodium hydroxide solution was added at a rate of 2 mL / min.

[0112] The concentrated sulfuric acid has a mass concentration of 97%.

[0113] The concentration conditions are as follows: concentration to 1 / 5 of the original volume of the filtrate, concentration temperature of 70°C, and vacuum degree of 0.080 MPa.

[0114] The mass ratio of 2-hydroxysuccinic acid, deionized water, concentrated sulfuric acid, and aminosulfonic acid powder is 13:55:0.5:12.

[0115] B. Preparation of stabilizers

[0116] Aspartic acid and complex malic acid were added to N,N-dimethylformamide, and NaH2PO4 was added as a catalyst. The solution temperature was controlled at 150℃, and the mixture was ultrasonically oscillated in an ultrasonic field of 50kHz for 20min with an ultrasonic power of 60W. After ultrasonication, an intermediate solution was obtained. The intermediate solution was hydrolyzed, purified, and dried to obtain the aspartic acid-sulfonic acid modified malic acid copolymer, i.e., the stabilizer.

[0117] The mass ratio of aspartic acid, complex malic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide, and NaH2PO4 is as follows:

[0118] 33:49:8.0:16.5.

[0119] C. Preparation of soaking solution

[0120] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and stabilizer were added to agricultural water at the same time, and stirred at 100 r / min for 20 min at room temperature. After stirring, the seed soaking solution was obtained.

[0121] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 0.7:95:5.5.

[0122] D. Soaking tomato seeds

[0123] The pretreated tomato seeds were added to the soaking solution and stirred every 2 hours. The seeds were soaked at room temperature for 10 hours. After soaking, the seeds were dried naturally to obtain the soaked tomato seeds.

[0124] The mass ratio of the pretreated tomato seeds to the soaking solution is 1:65.

[0125] (3) Planting Management

[0126] Tomato seeds, after soaking treatment, were sown in the seedbed of a greenhouse. The daytime bed temperature was controlled at 29℃. After seedling cultivation, strong seedlings were selected for transplanting, ensuring the root ball remained intact to minimize root damage. Transplanting was done at a rate of 1000 m² per 667 m². 2 Plant 3,000 seedlings. After planting, irrigate with fertilizer solution, prune, and control the greenhouse temperature at 28°C and the relative humidity at 75% during the day. Other measures such as strengthening fertilizer and water management and pest and disease control should be carried out as usual.

[0127] In the aforementioned planting management, every 667m 2 Cultivation area, seed quantity for seedling raising is 10g;

[0128] The standard for transplanting robust seedlings is that the plant has 5 leaves and 1 heart, a height of 18cm, and a stem diameter of 0.7cm.

[0129] The method for applying the irrigation solution is as follows: apply the solution four times consecutively. Apply the solution once on the day of transplanting, with a dosage of 200 mL / plant. Apply the solution once when the first inflorescence buds, with a dosage of 300 mL / plant. Apply the solution once when the third and fifth inflorescences bud, with a dosage of 350 mL / plant each time.

[0130] The method for preparing the irrigation solution is as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and stabilizer (aspartic acid-sulfonic acid modified malic acid copolymer) are added to agricultural water at the same time, and stirred at 100 r / min for 20 min at room temperature. After stirring, the irrigation solution is obtained.

[0131] The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 3:93:6.5;

[0132] The pruning method is as follows: single-stem pruning, leaving 6 fruit clusters, increasing the functional leaf area, utilizing the plant canopy's own shading to reduce direct fruit exposure; for the last fruit cluster on the main stem, the top 4 functional leaves above the fruit are retained and the fruit cluster is pinched off to avoid the fruit cluster being exposed.

[0133] Comparative Example 1

[0134] Based on Example 1, the changes are as follows: First, in the seed pretreatment step (1), the 0.1% potassium silicate solution is replaced with deionized water; second, the compound malic acid and stabilizer are not prepared, and the stabilizer prepared in step (2) is not added in the preparation of the seed soaking solution and irrigation solution. The remaining steps are the same.

[0135] Comparative Example 2

[0136] Based on Example 1, the change is that in step (1) seed pretreatment, the 0.1% potassium silicate solution is replaced with deionized water, and the other steps are the same.

[0137] Comparative Example 3

[0138] Based on Example 1, the changes are that no compound malic acid and stabilizer are prepared, and the stabilizer prepared in step (2) is not added during the preparation of the seed soaking solution and irrigation solution. The remaining steps are the same.

[0139] Experiment 1: Stability Test of Seed Soaking Solution and Irrigation Solution

[0140] The seed soaking solution and irrigation solution prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 3 were subjected to stability tests at the vegetable production base laboratory of Jingzhi Maoteng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in Qushui County, Lhasa. After the seed soaking solution and irrigation solution were stored separately for 15 days, 30 mL of each solution was taken and placed in a centrifuge tube. The solution was centrifuged at 8000 r / min for 20 min. After centrifugation, the solution was filtered through a filter membrane. The filter membrane was dried in a 60℃ drying oven until constant weight. The precipitate on the filter membrane was collected, and the total mass of the filter membrane and precipitate was weighed using an electronic balance. The mass of the blank filter membrane was subtracted to obtain the precipitate mass (mg). The average value of the three parallel samples in each group was calculated. The test results are shown in Tables 1.1 and 1.2.

[0141] Table 1.1 Results of Seed Soaking Solution Stability Test

[0142]

[0143] Table 1.2 Results of Irrigation Solution Stability Test

[0144]

[0145] Experiment Example 2: Tomato Seed Germination Rate Test

[0146] According to standard GB / T 3543.4-1995, the germination rate of tomato seeds treated in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested in the vegetable production base laboratory of Jingzhi Maoteng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in Qushui County, Lhasa. The "quartering method" was used: tomato seeds were flattened into a square and divided into four parts along the diagonal. Two diagonal parts were mixed, and this operation was repeated until four test samples of 100 seeds each were obtained. The four test samples were evenly placed on the surface of four germination beds, with a seed spacing ≥ 1 seed size. The germination beds were placed in a constant temperature incubator, set at 27℃, with a light duration of 10 hours / day. The humidity of the germination beds was observed daily; if dryness was observed, water was replenished by spraying with distilled water. After 14 days, the final number of normal seedlings in each sample was counted. Germination rate (%) = (number of normal seedlings / 100) × 100%. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0147] Table 2. Results of Tomato Seed Germination Rate Test

[0148]

[0149] Experiment Example 3: Photosynthetic rate test of tomato plant leaves

[0150] The photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves was tested in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. From transplanting to the appearance of the first flower bud, the net photosynthetic rate of the functional leaf (the second leaf above the inflorescence) was measured using a portable photosynthesis meter on sunny days from 10:00 to 12:00. The unit was μmol CO2 / (m²). 2 s). The test results are shown in Table 3:

[0151] Table 3 Results of photosynthetic rate test of tomato plant leaves

[0152]

[0153] Experiment 4: Taste Test of Ripe Tomatoes

[0154] For the red-ripe tomato fruits grown in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the soluble solids content and sugar-acid ratio were tested. The soluble solids content of the fruit juice was determined using a handheld digital saccharimeter; the acidity was determined by acid-base titration, with the juice titrated with 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide to calculate the titratable acid content (%). The sugar-acid ratio was calculated as: fruit sugar content / titratable acid content. Ten fruits were randomly selected from each group, and the test results were the average of the group. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0155] Table 4. Results of Tomato Fruit Taste Test

[0156]

[0157] Experimental Example 5: Test of Lignification Degree of Mature Tomato Fruit Peel

[0158] For red-ripe tomato fruits grown in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the degree of lignification of the fruit peel was tested. Ten ripe fruits were selected from each experimental area, and fruit peel samples were taken from the equatorial region. The hardness of the tomato fruit peel was measured using a handheld hardness tester, with units of kg / cm². 2 The results of the fruit peel lignification degree test are shown in Table 5:

[0159] Table 5 Results of test on the degree of lignification of tomato fruit peel

[0160]

[0161] As can be seen from Tables 1.1 and 1.2, the prepared seed soaking solution and irrigation solution have good stability. After 15 days of storage, the precipitation concentration of the seed soaking solution is 4.3-7.0 mg / L, and the precipitation concentration of the irrigation solution is 4.7-8.3 mg / L, with little precipitation in the solution.

[0162] As can be seen from Table 2, the germination rate of tomato seeds is 95-97%, which is high and solves the problem of low germination rate of tomato seeds in high-altitude areas. In contrast, in Comparative Examples 1-3, no potassium silicate solution or stabilizer was used in the seed pretreatment and seed soaking treatment steps, and the germination rate of tomato seeds was low.

[0163] Table 3 shows that the photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves in Examples 1-3 was 18-20 μmol CO2 / (m²). 2 s), all greater than 15 μmol CO2 / (m 2The results show that ultraviolet radiation can prevent chlorophyll from being damaged. The photosynthetic rates of tomato leaves in Comparative Examples 1-3 were all reduced by more than 30% compared with those in Examples 1-3. This indicates that Comparative Example 1 did not use potassium silicate solution in the seed pretreatment step, and no stabilizer was added in the seed soaking treatment step during the preparation of the soaking solution. Comparative Example 2 did not use potassium silicate in the seed pretreatment step, and Comparative Example 3 did not add stabilizer in the seed soaking treatment step during the preparation of the soaking solution. These results in weak ultraviolet resistance of tomato plants and low photosynthetic rates of leaves.

[0164] As can be seen from Table 4, the soluble solids content of the red-ripe tomatoes harvested in Examples 1-3 was 5.89-6.71%, and the ratio of sugar content to acid content in the red-ripe tomatoes was 8.7-9.5:1, which was sweet and sour and had a good taste, possessing the core flavor basis of a good-tasting tomato. In contrast, the ratio of sugar content to acid content in the red-ripe tomatoes of Comparative Examples 1-3 was less than 6:1, which was too acidic and had a poor taste.

[0165] As can be seen from Table 5, the skin firmness of the red-ripe tomatoes in Examples 1-3 was 1.0-1.2 kg / cm². 2 The skin is thin and soft, not easily cracked, and possesses the "thin-skinned and tender-fleshed" characteristics of tomatoes; the skin hardness of tomatoes in the red-ripe stage (compare ratio 1-3) is 1.4-1.9 kg / cm². 2 All are greater than 1.2 kg / cm² 2 It has a thick, hard skin, giving it a chewy texture.

[0166] In summary, Examples 1-3 not only improve the germination rate of tomato seeds, but also alleviate the damage of strong ultraviolet rays to the peel and photosynthesis, ensuring the accumulation of sugar in the fruit and its taste and texture.

[0167] In Experiments 3-5, the tomato planting locations of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were all vegetable production bases of Jingzhi Maoteng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in Qushui County, Lhasa City, at an altitude of 3560 meters. Apart from the technical features mentioned above, the management measures such as fertilizer and water management and pest and disease control were completely the same in the tomato planting process of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and all were carried out in accordance with conventional operations.

[0168] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating a highland taste type tomato, characterized by, The planting method includes the following steps: seed pretreatment, seed soaking treatment, and planting management; the seed soaking treatment method includes preparing compound malic acid, preparing a stabilizer, preparing a soaking solution, and soaking tomato seeds. The preparation method of the composite malic acid is as follows: 2-hydroxysuccinic acid is added to a container containing deionized water and mixed evenly to obtain a 2-hydroxysuccinic acid solution. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise to the 2-hydroxysuccinic acid solution. After the addition is completed, the solution temperature is raised to 40-60℃. Aminosulfonic acid powder is added to the solution, and the stirring speed is controlled at 270-290 r / min. The reaction time is 1-2 h. After the reaction is completed, heating is stopped, and the solution temperature is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. Sodium hydroxide solution is slowly added dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to 5.5-6.

0. After adjustment, the solution is filtered, concentrated, and dried to obtain sulfonic acid modified malic acid, i.e., composite malic acid. The mass ratio of 2-hydroxysuccinic acid, deionized water, concentrated sulfuric acid, and aminosulfonic acid powder is 11-13:45-55:0.1-0.5:8-12; The stabilizer is prepared by adding aspartic acid and complex malic acid to N,N-dimethylformamide, adding NaH2PO4 as a catalyst, controlling the solution temperature at 120-150℃, and ultrasonically oscillating in an ultrasonic field of 40-50kHz for 10-20 minutes with an ultrasonic power of 50-60W. After ultrasonication, an intermediate solution is obtained. The intermediate solution is then hydrolyzed, purified, and dried to obtain the aspartic acid-sulfonic acid modified malic acid copolymer, i.e., the stabilizer. The mass ratio of aspartic acid, complex malic acid, N,N-dimethylformamide, and NaH2PO4 is as follows: 29-33：45-49：7.5-8.0：16.1-16.5； The method for preparing the seed soaking solution is as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a stabilizer are added to agricultural water at the same time, and the mixture is stirred at a speed of 80-100 r / min for 10-20 min at room temperature. After stirring, the seed soaking solution is obtained. The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 0.3-0.7:90-95:5-5.

5.

2. The method for cultivating high-quality tomatoes in plateau regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed pretreatment method is as follows: tomato seeds that are not plump or damaged are placed in a potassium silicate solution at 50-57℃, stirred and cooled to room temperature, and then soaked for 5-6 hours. After soaking, the seeds are naturally dried to obtain pretreated tomato seeds. The mass concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 0.05-0.15%; The mass ratio of the seeds to the potassium silicate solution is 14-16:70-80.

3. The method for cultivating high-quality tomatoes in plateau regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for soaking tomato seeds is as follows: add the pretreated tomato seeds to the soaking solution, stir once every 1.5-2 hours, soak at room temperature for 9-10 hours, and after soaking, let them dry naturally to obtain the soaked tomato seeds. The mass ratio of the pretreated tomato seeds to the soaking solution is 1:60-65.

4. The method for cultivating high-quality tomatoes in plateau regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting and management method is as follows: after soaking and treating tomato seeds, sow them to cultivate seedlings. After the seedlings are cultivated, select strong seedlings for transplanting. Plant 2950-3000 plants per 667m2. After transplanting, irrigate with fertilization solution, prune, and control the daytime greenhouse temperature at 27-28℃ and the relative humidity at 65-75%. In the aforementioned planting management, the seed quantity for seedling raising is 8-10g per 667m2 of cultivation area; The standard for transplanting robust seedlings is 5 leaves and 1 bud, plant height 16-18cm, and stem diameter 0.5-0.7cm.

5. A method for cultivating high-quality tomatoes in plateau regions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for applying the irrigation solution is as follows: apply the solution four times consecutively. Apply the solution once on the day of transplanting, with a dosage of 150-200 mL per plant; apply the solution once when the first inflorescence buds, with a dosage of 250-300 mL per plant; and apply the solution once each when the third and fifth inflorescences bud, with a dosage of 300-350 mL per plant each time. The method for preparing the irrigation solution is as follows: potassium dihydrogen phosphate and a stabilizer are added to agricultural water at the same time, and stirred at a speed of 80-100 r / min for 10-20 min at room temperature. After stirring, the irrigation solution is obtained. The mass ratio of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, agricultural water, and stabilizer is 2-3:89-93:5.5-6.

5.

6. The method for cultivating high-quality tomatoes in plateau regions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pruning method is as follows: single-stem pruning, leaving 6 fruit clusters, and pinching off the top of the last fruit cluster on the main stem, leaving 4 functional leaves above the fruit.

Images