Textile machine

Abstract

The invention provides a fiber machine, which is simple in structure and can assist in judging whether a yarn guide needs to be replaced or not even if the quality of a yarn is not confirmed. The spinning traction device (1) is provided with a detection unit (32) and a yarn guide (31) that guides a traveling yarn (Y). The yarn guide (31) has an inner layer portion (41) and a surface layer portion (42) for the yarn (Y) to contact. The surface layer section (42) is formed of a material having a conductivity different from that of the material of the inner layer section (41), and is disposed so as to cover at least a part of the inner layer section (41). The detection part (32) is electrically connected with the yarn guide (31). The detection unit (32) is configured so as to be able to detect charging information, which is information relating to the charging amount of each of the yarn guides. The conductivity of the material of the surface layer part is higher than the conductivity of the material of the inner layer part. The surface layer portion is directly electrically connected to the detection portion, and the inner layer portion is electrically connected to the detection portion via the surface layer portion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to fiber machinery for processing yarns. Background Technology

[0002] Various fiber machinery for processing moving yarns is conventionally known. Typically, fiber machinery includes yarn guides to direct the yarn. The surface of the yarn guide wears down due to friction with the yarn. If an increasingly worn yarn guide rubs against the yarn, there is a risk of quality degradation, such as yarn damage. Therefore, it is necessary to replace worn yarn guides with new ones at appropriate times, or to perform prescribed treatments such as surface finishing on worn yarn guides. For ease of explanation, such replacements and treatments will be collectively referred to as "replacement, etc." below.

[0003] If the replacement of the yarn guide is delayed, the quality of the yarn will be greatly reduced. On the other hand, if the replacement is delayed, it will lead to increased operating costs or reduced operating efficiency of the fiber machinery. In view of this, Patent Document 1 discloses a means for judging the wear level of the yarn guide. More specifically, the fiber machinery (specifically a spinning extension device) described in Patent Document 1 includes an extension roller as a yarn guide for extending the yarn in motion. A lint detector that detects lint generated on the yarn is used to monitor the progress of wear on the surface of the extension roller. This allows for a determination of whether the extension roller needs to be replaced.

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-208481 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] In the solution described in Patent Document 1, it is only possible to determine whether the guide wire needs to be replaced when fuzz has formed on the yarn (i.e., when the quality of the yarn has deteriorated). In other words, when using a mechanism to confirm the quality of the yarn, a certain amount of low-quality yarn has already been produced by the time it is determined that the guide wire needs to be replaced.

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide assistance in determining whether the guide wire needs to be replaced, etc., even without confirming the quality of the yarn, through a simple structure.

[0010] Methods for solving problems

[0011] The first embodiment of the fiber machinery is a fiber machinery for processing one or more traveling filaments, characterized by comprising: one or more guides; and one or more detection units respectively provided corresponding to the one or more guides, each of the one or more guides having: an inner layer portion formed of a predetermined material; and a surface layer portion formed of a material having a conductivity different from that of the inner layer material, configured to cover at least a portion of the inner layer portion for contact with at least one of the one or more filaments, and each of the one or more guides being configured to guide the one or more filaments. In the above-mentioned at least one wire, the more than one detection part is electrically connected to the corresponding wire guide in the more than one wire guide, and is configured to detect information related to the charge of the wire guide, i.e., charge information. The conductivity of the material of one of the surface layer and the inner layer is higher than the conductivity of the material of the other of the surface layer and the inner layer. The surface layer and the inner layer are directly electrically connected to the detection part, and the other of the surface layer and the inner layer are electrically connected to the detection part via the surface layer and the inner layer.

[0012] The charge quantity of this invention refers to a physical quantity associated with at least one of the following: the charge accumulated on the surface of the wire guide due to its charge, the current flowing through the wire guide due to this charge, and the surface potential (voltage) of the wire guide. The charge information of this invention includes information associated with at least one of charge, current, voltage, and capacitance. When the wire guide is new, the surface layer becomes charged due to continuous friction with the wire (i.e., charge accumulates on the surface layer). When the surface layer wears down and the inner layer is exposed, the inner layer becomes charged due to continuous friction with the wire (i.e., charge accumulates on the inner layer). In this invention, the conductivity of the material of the surface layer is different from that of the material of the inner layer. Therefore, the ease with which the charge accumulated on the surface layer moves towards the detection section is different from the ease with which the charge accumulated on the inner layer moves towards the detection section. More specifically, the charge accumulated on one of the surface layer and the inner layer (the one with higher conductivity) moves more easily towards the detection section. Furthermore, the charge accumulated in the surface layer and the inner layer (the one with lower conductivity) is more difficult to move towards the detection section. Therefore, based on the change in charge information over time, it is possible to determine whether the wear of the surface layer has accelerated. Thus, with this simple structure, even without confirming the quality of the yarn, it is possible to assist in determining whether the guide wire needs to be replaced.

[0013] Furthermore, in this invention, one of the surface layer and the inner layer is electrically directly connected to the detection unit (direct electrical connection), while the other is electrically connected to the detection unit via the other. The term "direct" in this invention is determined by the relationship between the surface layer and the inner layer. That is, "direct connection" means that one of the surface layer and the inner layer is connected to the detection unit without being via the other. In other words, "direct connection" means that one of the surface layer and the inner layer is positioned closer to the detection unit in the direction of charge flow than the other. Whether it is "direct" is not determined by whether a resistor or other circuit element is disposed between the surface layer and the inner layer and the detection unit. Additionally, "via" in this invention means that the other of the surface layer and the inner layer is not directly connected to the detection unit. In other words, the other of the surface layer and the inner layer is positioned further away from the detection unit in the direction of charge flow than the other. In this invention, the wiring is simplified compared to a structure in which the surface layer and the inner layer are connected in parallel to the detection unit. Therefore, it is possible to identify which of the surface layer and the inner layer the wire is in contact with with a simple structure.

[0014] The fiber machinery of the second embodiment is characterized in that, in the first embodiment, it includes: a display unit capable of displaying information; a display information generation unit that generates display information based on the charge information, the display information being information related to the charge of each of the one or more guide wires; and a display control unit that causes the display unit to display the display information.

[0015] In this solution, the operator can visually view the information displayed on the display unit to obtain information related to the charge level of each guidewire. Therefore, the operator can easily determine the necessity of replacing each guidewire, etc.

[0016] The fiber machinery of the third embodiment is characterized in that, in the first or second embodiment, it includes a determination unit that, based on the charge information, makes a termination determination related to whether it is necessary to terminate the use of each of the one or more guides.

[0017] In this solution, discontinuing the use of a guidewire refers to replacing the guidewire (i.e., replacing it with a new guidewire or performing necessary procedures on the guidewire). This solution saves the operator the labor and time of determining the necessity of discontinuing the use of each guidewire.

[0018] The fiber machinery of the fourth embodiment is characterized in that, in the third embodiment, it includes a differential information generation unit, which generates differential information obtained by differentiating the charged information over time, and the judgment unit performs the termination judgment based on the differential information.

[0019] Based on the structure of the wire guide in this design, when the surface layer wears down and the inner layer is exposed, it is predicted that the charge information changes drastically. Therefore, the judgment unit in this design can perform highly accurate stop judgment.

[0020] The fiber machinery of the fifth embodiment is characterized in that, in the third or fourth embodiment, it includes: a notification unit configured to perform information notification; and a notification control unit that controls the notification unit based on the judgment result of the judgment unit.

[0021] In this solution, the notification unit can be activated when it is necessary to stop the use of the wire guide. Therefore, even if the operator is performing work other than confirming live information, they can immediately be notified that the use of the wire guide needs to be stopped.

[0022] The fiber machinery of the sixth embodiment is characterized in that, in any of the first to fifth embodiments, the electrical conductivity of the material of one of the outer layer and the inner layer, i.e., the first material, is 1×10⁻⁶. －4 S / m or higher, the electrical conductivity of the other material in the surface layer and the inner layer, i.e., the second material, is 1×10⁻⁶. －12 Below S / m.

[0023] In this design, the ease with which charge moves towards the detection section differs significantly between the first and second materials. Therefore, it is easy to identify which of the outer and inner layers the wire is in contact with.

[0024] The fiber machinery of the seventh embodiment is characterized in that, in the sixth embodiment, the second material is an insulating ceramic material, which is the material of the inner layer.

[0025] Insulating ceramic materials are inexpensive materials commonly used as guide wire materials. Furthermore, the inner layer typically has a larger volume than the outer layer. In this solution, because the inner layer is formed of an insulating ceramic material, the increase in the material cost of the guide wire can be suppressed.

[0026] The fiber machinery of the eighth embodiment is characterized in that, in the seventh embodiment, the first material is a semi-conductive ceramic material or a conductive ceramic material, which is the material of the surface layer.

[0027] Forming a surface layer of another ceramic material onto an inner layer of ceramic material can be easily achieved using known methods such as thermal spraying. Therefore, wire guides can be easily manufactured.

[0028] The fiber machinery of the ninth embodiment is characterized in that, in the eighth embodiment, the first material contains zirconium oxide as a main component and the second material contains aluminum oxide as a main component.

[0029] In this solution, by using a second material, typically inexpensive alumina, as the main component to form the inner layer, the increase in the material cost of the wire guide can be effectively suppressed. Furthermore, zirconium oxide is a type of semi-conductive ceramic material, which, compared to insulating ceramic materials, exhibits a property of easy charge movement. Therefore, depending on whether the surface layer formed by the first material, with zirconium oxide as the main component, is in an unworn or worn state, the charge accumulation in the wire guide varies significantly. Thus, significant changes in charge information can be detected.

[0030] The fiber machinery of the tenth embodiment is characterized in that, in any one of the first to ninth embodiments, it has multiple guides as one or more guides.

[0031] In fiber machinery with multiple guides, there is a risk that the labor and time required to determine whether each guide needs to be replaced can become enormous. This solution is particularly effective in such structures.

[0032] The fiber machinery of the eleventh embodiment is characterized in that, in the tenth embodiment, it comprises one or more processing units, each of the one or more processing units having the plurality of guides, the plurality of guides comprising: a first guide, which is disposed at a predetermined position in a predetermined orthogonal direction orthogonal to the extension direction of the entry passage faced by the one or more processing units; and a second guide, which is disposed on the opposite side of the entry passage in the orthogonal direction, separated from the first guide.

[0033] The second guide is positioned further away from the entry passage than the first guide in an orthogonal direction. Therefore, there is a risk that the operator may have difficulty visually assessing the wear level of the second guide from the entry passage. This solution is particularly effective in such fiber machinery.

[0034] The fiber machinery of the twelfth embodiment is characterized in that, in the tenth or eleventh embodiment, it comprises a plurality of processing units, each of which has one or more guides and is arranged in a predetermined arrangement direction.

[0035] When the guide is configured such that it is sandwiched between two processing units in the alignment direction, there is a risk that the degree of wear on the guide is difficult to visually confirm. This solution is particularly effective in such fiber machinery. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a front view of the spinning traction device according to this embodiment.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a side view of a spinning traction machine.

[0038] Figure 3 Figures (a) to (c) are diagrams illustrating the guidewire replacement judgment system.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the screen displayed on the display unit.

[0040] Figure 5 (a) and (b) are graphs showing the change of the charged state of the guide wire over time.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0042] 1: Spinning traction equipment (fiber machinery)

[0043] 3: Spinning traction machine (processing unit)

[0044] 4: Entry Pathway

[0045] 21: Pivot wire guide (second wire guide)

[0046] 21F: Pivot Guide (First Guide)

[0047] 31: Wire guide

[0048] 32: Testing Department

[0049] 33: Control Department (Display Information Generation Department, Display Control Department, Judgment Department, Differential Information Generation Department, Notification Control Department)

[0050] 34: Display Department (Notification Department)

[0051] 41: Inner layer

[0052] 42: Surface layer

[0053] Y: Thread Detailed Implementation

[0054] Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described. For ease of explanation, [the following will be described]. Figure 1 The directions shown are defined as front-back, left-right, up-down, and down-right. The up-down direction is the vertical direction under the influence of gravity. The left-right direction is a defined direction orthogonal to the up-down direction. The left-right direction corresponds to the arrangement direction of this invention. The left-right direction is the extension direction of the entry passage 4, described later. The front-back direction is a direction orthogonal to both the up-down and left-right directions. The front-back direction corresponds to the orthogonal direction of this invention. The direction in which the thread Y travels is defined as the thread travel direction.

[0055] (Brief structure of spinning traction equipment)

[0056] Figure 1This is a front view of the spinning and drawing apparatus 1 (fiber machinery of the present invention) according to this embodiment. The spinning and drawing apparatus 1 includes multiple spinning devices 2 and multiple spinning and drawing machines 3 (processing units of the present invention). The multiple spinning devices 2 are arranged in a left-right direction and each spins multiple filaments Y. The multiple spinning and drawing machines 3 are arranged below the multiple spinning devices 2. The multiple spinning and drawing machines 3 are arranged in a left-right direction corresponding to the multiple spinning devices 2. Each spinning and drawing machine 3 draws the multiple filaments Y spun from the spinning device 2 and simultaneously winds them onto multiple bobbins B to form a package P.

[0057] An entry passage 4 extending in the left-right direction is formed on the front side of multiple spinning traction machines 3 (see reference). Figure 1 and Figure 2 The entry passage 4 is the passage faced by the front end of each of the multiple spinning traction machines 3.

[0058] (Spinning traction machine)

[0059] Next, refer to Figure 2 The structure of the spinning traction machine 3 will be described. Figure 2 This is a side view of the spinning traction machine 3.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the spinning traction machine 3 has a traction section 5 and a winding section 6. The traction section 5 is configured to pull the yarn Y spun from the spinning device 2. The winding section 6 is configured to wind the yarn Y pulled by the traction section 5 onto the bobbin B. The traction section 5 has a first guide roller 11 and a second guide roller 12.

[0061] The first guide roller 11 is a roller whose axial direction is approximately parallel to the left-right direction. The first guide roller 11 is driven to rotate by a motor (not shown), thereby conveying the yarn Y downstream in the yarn travel direction.

[0062] The second guide roller 12 is a roller whose axial direction is approximately parallel to the left-right direction. The second guide roller 12 is positioned above and behind the first guide roller 11. The second guide roller 12 is driven to rotate by a motor (not shown), thereby conveying the yarn Y downstream in the yarn travel direction.

[0063] The winding section 6 is configured to wind multiple threads Y onto multiple bobbins B to form a roll P. The winding section 6 is located below the traction section 5. Figure 2 As shown, the winding section 6 includes a frame 20, multiple pivot guides 21, multiple traverse guides 22, a turntable 23, two bobbin supports 24, and a contact roller 25.

[0064] The frame 20 is, for example, a component installed on the ground of a factory, for mounting or housing the various components of the winding section 6. Multiple pivot guides 21 are guides that serve as pivots for the yarn Y as it traverses through each traverse guide 22. Each pivot guide 21 guides the yarn Y downstream in the direction of yarn travel. Figure 2 As shown, multiple fulcrum guides 21 are respectively provided for multiple yarns Y. The multiple fulcrum guides 21 are arranged in the front-to-back direction. The foremost fulcrum guide 21 (fulcrum guide 21F) among the multiple fulcrum guides 21, which is arranged at a predetermined position in the front-to-back direction, corresponds to the first guide of the present invention. Any fulcrum guide 21 arranged behind fulcrum guide 21F corresponds to the second guide of the present invention. The second guide is arranged in the front-to-back direction on the side opposite to the entry passage 4, separated from fulcrum guide 21F.

[0065] Multiple traverse guides 22 are respectively provided for multiple yarns Y. The multiple traverse guides 22 are arranged in a front-to-back direction. Each traverse guide 22 is driven by a motor (not shown) and reciprocates in the front-to-back direction. Thus, the yarn Y suspended on the traverse guide 22 traverses about the pivot guide 21. The turntable 23 is a circular plate-shaped component whose axis is approximately parallel to the front-to-back direction. The turntable 23 is driven to rotate by a motor (not shown). Two bobbin supports 24 are rotatably supported at the upper and lower ends of the turntable 23, respectively. The axis of each bobbin support 24 is approximately parallel to the front-to-back direction. Each bobbin support 24 supports multiple bobbins B arranged in a front-to-back direction. Each bobbin support 24 is driven to rotate by a separate motor (not shown). The contact roller 25 is a roller positioned immediately above the upper bobbin support 24. The axis of the contact roller 25 is approximately parallel to the front-to-back direction. The contact roller 25 applies contact pressure to the surface of the wound roll P by contacting the surfaces of the multiple rolls P supported on the upper side of the bobbin support 24, so as to shape the roll P.

[0066] In the winding section 6 with the above structure, when the upper bobbin support 24 is driven to rotate, the yarn Y, which is traversed by the traversing guide 22, is wound onto the bobbin B to form a roll P. Furthermore, when the roll P becomes a full roll, the upper and lower positions of the two bobbin supports 24 are switched by rotating the turntable 23. As a result, the lower bobbin support 24 moves to the upper side. By winding multiple yarns Y onto multiple bobbins B mounted on the upper bobbin support 24, multiple rolls P are formed. Then, the bobbin support 24 with the multiple full rolls P moves to the lower side. The multiple full rolls P are recovered, for example, by a roll recovery device (not shown).

[0067] Here, the surfaces of the guides that guide the yarn Y, such as the pivot guide 21 and the traverse guide 22, wear due to friction with the yarn Y. If the worn guides rub against the yarn Y, there is a risk of quality degradation, such as damage to the yarn Y. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the worn guides with new ones at the appropriate time, or to perform prescribed treatment on the worn guides. For ease of explanation, such replacements and treatments will be collectively referred to as "replacement, etc." If the replacement of the guides, etc., is delayed, the quality of the yarn Y will be greatly reduced. On the other hand, if the replacement is performed too early, it will lead to problems such as increased operating costs or reduced operating efficiency of the spinning traction equipment 1. In the method of waiting until the quality of the yarn Y actually deteriorates, a certain amount of low-quality yarn has already been produced by the time it is determined that the replacement of the guides, etc., is necessary. In order to assist in determining whether the replacement of the guides, etc., is necessary with a simple structure, even without confirming the quality of the yarn, each spinning traction machine 3 has the following structure, for example.

[0068] (Detailed structure of the spinning traction machine)

[0069] Reference Figure 3 (a) to Figure 3 (c) describes the detailed structure of the spinning traction machine 3. Figure 3 (a) to Figure 3 (c) is a diagram illustrating the replacement decision system 30, which will be described later. More specifically, Figure 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the wire guide 31 described later. This cross-sectional view is parallel to the imaginary plane formed by the path (wire path) of the wire Y traveling near the wire guide 31. Figure 3 (b) and Figure 3 (c) is a diagram showing the electrical structure around the wire guide 31. Figure 3 The diagram of guide wire 31 shown in (b) is Figure 3 Sectional view of (a) along lines III(b)-III(b).

[0070] For ease of explanation, the wire guides that guide the traveling wire Y, such as the pivot wire guide 21 and the traverse wire guide 22, are collectively referred to as wire guide 31 (see reference). Figure 3 (a) to Figure 3 (c)). To simplify the explanation, Figure 3 (a) to Figure 3 The generally cylindrical wire guide shown in (c) will be used as an example of wire guide 31 in the description. For ease of explanation, Figure 3 The direction perpendicular to the paper in (a) and Figure 3 (b) and Figure 3The left-right direction on the paper plane of (c) is called the axial direction of the wire guide 31. However, it should be noted that the shape of the wire guide 31 is not limited to this.

[0071] Each spinning traction machine 3 is equipped with, for example, a replacement judgment system 30 (see reference). Figure 3 (a) to Figure 3 (c)). The replacement determination system 30 is a system used to assist in determining whether multiple guide wires 31 need to be replaced. The replacement determination system 30 includes multiple guide wires 31, multiple detection units 32, a control unit 33 (the display information generation unit, display control unit, determination unit, and notification control unit of the present invention), and a display unit 34 (the notification unit of the present invention). For ease of explanation, Figure 3 (a) to Figure 3 (c) shows only one guide wire 31. Figure 3 (b) and Figure 3 (c) shows only one detection unit 32 corresponding to the one guide wire 31.

[0072] The replacement determination system 30 is a system used to determine the necessity of replacing the wire guide 31, etc., based on information related to the charge on the wire guide 31, which becomes charged due to continuous friction with the traveling wire Y (hereinafter referred to as charge information). The charge is a physical quantity associated with at least one of the following: the charge accumulated on the surface of the wire guide 31 due to its charge, the current flowing through the wire guide 31 due to this charge, and the surface potential (voltage) of the wire guide 31. The charge information is information related to at least one of the following: the charge accumulated on the wire guide 31, the capacitance of the wire guide 31, the current flowing through the wire guide 31, and the potential difference (voltage) between the wire guide 31 and a predetermined reference position. The charge information of each wire guide 31 is detected by a corresponding detection unit 32. The control unit 33 generates necessary information based on the charge information and displays this information on the display unit 34. The structure of the replacement determination system 30 will be described below.

[0073] Multiple wire guides 31 include, for example, the pivot wire guide 21F described above (see reference). Figure 3 Compared to the pivot guide 21F, the pivot guide 21 is positioned on the rear side (see reference 21F). Figure 4 The wire guide 31 is preferably insulated from ground electricity. For example... Figure 4 (a) to Figure 4 As shown in (c), the wire guide 31 has an inner layer 41 and a surface layer 42. The inner layer 41 is the inner portion of the wire guide 31 and constitutes almost the entirety of the wire guide 31. The surface layer 42 is a portion arranged to cover at least a portion of the inner layer 41. The surface layer 42 is formed, for example, by surface treatment of the inner layer 41. The surface layer 42 is the portion for contacting the wire Y. (Refer to...) Figure 4 (a) toFigure 3 (c) In more detail, the inner layer 41 is a generally cylindrical portion that occupies almost the entirety of the guide wire 31. The outer layer 42 is, for example, the portion that covers the circumferential surface 41a of the inner layer 41 and one axial end face 41b of the guide wire 31. The other axial end of the guide wire 31 is supported, for example, by a support member not shown. As will be described later, the electrical conductivity of the material of the inner layer 41 is different from that of the material of the outer layer 42.

[0074] Preferably, the material of the inner layer 41 is, for example, an insulating ceramic material. Alumina is an example of a substance classified as an insulating ceramic material. Alumina is a generally inexpensive insulating material. For example, at room temperature, the resistivity of alumina is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶. 12 The electrical conductivity (i.e., the reciprocal of resistivity) of alumina is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶ Ω·m. －12 S / m. The material of the inner layer 41 preferably contains alumina as a main component. In other words, preferably, the weight proportion of alumina in the material of the inner layer 41 is greater than 50%. Alternatively, the inner layer 41 may be formed solely of alumina. The inner layer 41 of this embodiment corresponds to "the other of the surface layer and the inner layer" of the present invention. The material of the inner layer 41 of this embodiment corresponds to the second material of the present invention. The electrical conductivity of the second material is preferably 1×10⁻⁶. －12 Below S / m.

[0075] Preferably, the material of the surface layer 42 is, for example, a semi-conductive ceramic material or a conductive ceramic material. Particularly preferably, the material of the surface layer 42 is a semi-conductive ceramic material. Zirconia is an example of a material classified as a semi-conductive ceramic material. Zirconia is a material that can generally at least partially cover a ceramic material by cladding or other methods. For example, at room temperature, the resistivity of zirconium oxide is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶. 4 The electrical conductivity of zirconium oxide is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁶ Ω·m. －4 S / m. The material of the surface layer 42 preferably contains zirconium oxide as a main component. In other words, preferably, the weight proportion of zirconium oxide in the material of the surface layer 42 is greater than 50%. Alternatively, the surface layer 42 may be formed solely of zirconium oxide. The surface layer 42 of this embodiment corresponds to "one of the surface layer and the inner layer" of the present invention. The material of the surface layer 42 of this embodiment corresponds to the first material of the present invention. The electrical conductivity of the first material is preferably 1 × 10⁻⁶. －4 S / m or higher. The electrical conductivity of the first material is higher than that of the second material. Preferably, the peripheral surface 42a of the surface layer 42 is subjected to a surface treatment for suppressing damage to the yarn Y (e.g., a known pear-skin surface treatment). As a result, damage to the yarn Y in contact with the peripheral surface 42a can be effectively suppressed.

[0076] When the guide wire 31 is new, the wire Y will definitely be in contact with the peripheral surface 42a of the surface layer 42 (refer to...). Figure 3 (b)). On the other hand, when the guide wire 31 is used for a long time and the surface layer 42 wears, a portion of the peripheral surface 41a of the inner layer 41 is exposed (see reference). Figure 5 (c)). Thus, the thread Y may come into contact with the peripheral surface 41a. Therefore, it is preferable that the peripheral surface 41a of the inner layer 41 is also treated with a pear-skin finish or other surface treatments.

[0077] Inspection Department 32 (Reference) Figure 5 (b) and Figure 5 (c) is configured to detect the charge information of the wire guide 31 and send the charge information to the control unit 33. For example, the detection unit 32 is configured to detect the surface potential of the wire guide 31 (i.e., the potential difference between the surface of the wire guide 31 and ground). The detection unit 32 may, for example, have a known voltmeter or other detection device (not shown). The detection device in this embodiment refers to a measuring instrument, such as a known clamp meter (e.g., an AC / DC clamp meter manufactured by Hioki Electric Co., Ltd., model CM4375-50, etc.), configured to detect DC voltage. This detection device has a circuit that detects information related to the charge voltage on the surface of the wire guide 31 and sends it to the control unit 33. The detection unit 32 has, for example, two terminals (not shown). One of the two terminals is electrically connected to the surface portion 42 of the wire guide 31. In other words, the wire guide 31 is electrically connected to the detection unit 32. More specifically, the surface portion 42 of the wire guide 31 is electrically directly connected to the detection portion 32 (direct electrical connection). The term "direct" in this invention is determined by the relationship between the surface portion 42 and the inner portion 41. That is, "direct connection" means that the surface portion 42 is connected to the detection portion 32 without passing through the inner portion 41. In other words, "direct connection" means that the surface portion 42 is positioned closer to the detection portion 32 than the inner portion 41 in the direction of charge flow (see reference). Figure 5 (b) and Figure 5 (c)). In other words, whether it is "direct" is not determined by whether a resistor or other circuit element other than a wire is provided between the surface layer 42 and the detection unit 32. That is, it is worth noting that even if a resistor or other element is provided between the surface layer 42 and the detection unit 32, according to the above definition of "direct", the surface layer 42 is directly electrically connected to the detection unit 32. The inner layer 41 of the wire guide 31 is electrically connected to the detection unit 32 via the surface layer 42. In other words, the inner layer 41 is arranged on the side further away from the detection unit 32 than the surface layer 42 in the direction of charge flow (see [reference]). Figure 5 (b) and Figure 5 (c)). The other of the two terminals is electrically connected, for example, to a grounded specified component (not shown). That is, the potential of the other terminal is approximately equal to the ground potential.

[0078] Control unit 33 (refer to) Figure 5 (b) and Figure 5 (c) is a computer device having a processor and memory such as a CPU, ROM, or RAM. The control unit 33 is electrically connected to the detection unit 32 and the display unit 34. The control unit 33 is configured to perform various processes based on the charge information detected by each detection unit 32. In the control unit 33, for example, identification information for identifying each guide 31 included in the spinning traction machine 3, charge information related to each guide 31, and time-related information are established and stored in association.

[0079] Display unit 34, for example, has a known display device. Display unit 34 is electrically connected to control unit 33. Display unit 34 displays various information according to instructions from control unit 33.

[0080] In the aforementioned wire guide 31, the traveling wire Y continuously contacts the surface of the wire guide 31, thereby causing the surface (contact surface) of the wire guide 31 to become triboelectrically charged. The ease with which the charge accumulated on the contact surface due to triboelectric charging moves varies depending on the type of material constituting the contact surface. As a result, the charging information detected by the detection unit 32 changes over time. Based on the change in charging information over time, as described later, it is possible to determine whether the wire guide 31 needs to be replaced, etc.

[0081] (The processes performed by the control department)

[0082] Next, an example of the processing performed by the control unit 33 in the replacement determination system 30 described above will be explained. Generally speaking, the control unit 33 performs a first process of causing the display unit 34 to display the numerical value or other information of the charge on each wire guide 31. Furthermore, the control unit 33 performs a second process of determining, based on the charge information of each wire guide 31, whether it is necessary to replace each wire guide 31, and then causing the display unit 34 to display the determination result.

[0083] Reference Figure 5 (b) to Figure 5 The first treatment process will be explained. Figure 5This diagram shows the screen S displayed by the display unit 34. In the first process, the control unit 33, for example, stores the charge information related to each wire guide 31 in association with the identification information of the wire guide 31 and the time. Furthermore, the control unit 33 may also generate the time change rate of the charge information and store this time change rate in association with the identification information of the wire guide 31 and the time. More specifically, the control unit 33 may also generate information about the time derivative obtained by differentiating the charge over time. The control unit 33 generates information related to the charge of each wire guide 31, i.e., display information, based on the charge information related to each wire guide 31. At this time, the control unit 33 functions as the display information generation unit of the present invention. Additionally, the control unit 33 causes the display unit 34 to display the display information (see reference). Figure 5 At this time, the control unit 33 functions as the display control unit of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 5 An example of a screen S displaying information is shown. For example, the control unit 33 can control the display unit 34 to display the current charge value of each of the multiple wire guides 31 on the left side of the screen S. For example, the control unit 33 can also control the display unit 34 to display a graph showing the relationship between the charge of one of the multiple wire guides 31 and time on the upper right side of the screen S. For example, the control unit 33 can also control the display unit 34 to display a graph showing the relationship between the rate of change of the charge of the aforementioned wire guide 31 over time and time on the lower right side of the screen S. For example, the control unit 33 can also control the display unit 34 to sequentially display these graphs related to the multiple wire guides 31 after a predetermined time interval or in response to a predetermined input signal input to the control unit 33.

[0085] For example, when the traveling thread Y comes into contact with the surface layer 42 (see reference) ​ (b) Due to triboelectric charging, charge accumulates on the surface (peripheral surface 42a) of the surface layer 42, and the charging information related to the surface layer 42 is detected by the detection unit. On the other hand, when the thread Y comes into contact with the inner layer 41 exposed due to wear of the surface layer 42 (see reference...), ​ (c) Charge accumulates on the surface (peripheral surface 41a) of the inner layer 41. However, as described above, the inner layer 41 has low conductivity, making it difficult for the charge to move towards the surface layer 42. Therefore, the charge information when the wire Y contacts the surface layer 42 is different from the charge information when the wire Y contacts the inner layer 41.

[0086] The operator can visually confirm the changes in the electrical information on screen S. Based on these changes in electrical information over time, the operator can determine whether it is necessary to replace each wire guide 31, etc.

[0087] Reference ​ (a) and ​ (b) describes the second treatment. ​ (a) and ​ (b) is a graph showing the change in the charged state of the wire guide 31 over time. More detailed, ​ (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the charge on the guide wire 31 and time. ​ The horizontal axis of the graph shown in (a) is time (t), and the vertical axis is the charge (V). In this embodiment, the charge is voltage (the potential difference between the wire guide 31 and ground). The unit of potential difference is, for example, millivolts. Hereinafter, this potential difference will be referred to as the charged voltage. It should be noted that, for ease of explanation, the absolute value of the charged voltage will be considered below (i.e., the sign of the charged voltage will be ignored). ​ (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the rate of change of the charged voltage over time (ΔV / Δt) and time. In this embodiment, the rate of change of the charged voltage over time is the time derivative obtained by differentiating the charged voltage over time. ​ In the graph shown in (b), the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the time derivative of the voltage. It should be noted that, for ease of explanation, the following discussion considers the absolute value of the time derivative of the voltage (i.e., ignoring the sign of the time derivative).

[0088] In the second process, the control unit 33 stores the charge information related to each wire guide 31 in association with the identification information of the wire guide 31 and the time. Furthermore, the control unit 33 generates information on the time rate of change of the charge voltage and stores this time rate of change information in association with the identification information of the wire guide 31 and the time. More specifically, the control unit 33 generates, for example, the time derivative value of the charge voltage (derivative information) described above. In this case, the control unit 33 functions as the differential information generation unit of the present invention.

[0089] In the second process, the control unit 33 makes a stop determination based on the charge information, which relates to whether the use of each wire guide 31 needs to be stopped. At this time, the control unit 33 functions as the determination unit of the present invention.

[0090] The first example of abort judgment will be explained. For example, the control unit 33 pre-stores information about the threshold voltage. For ease of explanation, the threshold voltage of a certain wire guide 31 will be referred to as VT (see reference). ​ (a)). For example, the control unit 33 determines that it is not necessary to stop using the wire guide 31 when the voltage is above VT. For example, the control unit 33 determines that it is necessary to stop using the wire guide 31 when the voltage is below VT. When the wire Y contacts the surface portion 42 of the wire guide 31, for example, the voltage of the wire guide 31 is approximately V1 (see reference). ​(a)). Since V1 is greater than VT, the control unit 33 determines that it is not necessary to stop the use of the wire guide 31. On the other hand, when the surface layer 42 wears and the wire Y comes into contact with the inner layer 41, the voltage of the wire guide 31 decreases to approximately V2 (see (a)). ​ (a) Since V2 is smaller than VT, the control unit 33 determines that it is necessary to stop the use of the wire guide 31.

[0091] The second example of abort determination will be explained. For example, the control unit 33 pre-stores information about the threshold value of the time derivative of the charged voltage. For ease of explanation, the threshold value of the time derivative of the charged voltage of a certain wire guide 31 will be referred to as RT (see reference). ​ (b)). For example, when the time derivative of the charged voltage becomes RT or higher, the control unit 33 determines that the use of the wire guide 31 needs to be stopped. When the wire Y contacts the surface portion 42 of the wire guide 31, for example, the time derivative of the charged voltage of the wire guide 31 is approximately zero (see reference). ​ (b)). That is, the voltage does not change substantially with time. On the other hand, when the surface layer 42 wears down and the wire Y comes into contact with the inner layer 41, the time derivative of the voltage of the wire guide 31 rises sharply and exceeds RT (refer to...). ​ (b)). At this time, the control unit 33 determines that it is necessary to stop the use of the wire guide 31. Thus, the control unit 33 can also make a stop determination based on differential information.

[0092] The control unit 33 controls the display unit 34 based on the judgment result. That is, when the control unit 33 determines that it is necessary to stop the use of a certain wire guide 31, it causes the display unit 34 to display information such as the following: The control unit 33 causes the display unit 34 to display (notify) the identification information of the wire guide 31 and an alarm message indicating that the use of the wire guide 31 needs to be stopped (such as the need to replace the wire guide 31). At this time, the control unit 33 functions as the notification control unit of the present invention. In addition, the display unit 34 functions as the notification unit of the present invention.

[0093] The operator can visually check the messages displayed on the display unit 34 to determine whether it is necessary to replace each wire guide 31.

[0094] In this embodiment, the control unit 33 is capable of performing at least one of the first process and the second process (i.e., one or both).

[0095] As described above, the electrical conductivity of the material of the surface layer 42 is different from that of the material of the inner layer 41. Therefore, the ease with which the charge accumulated in the surface layer 42 moves toward the detection section 32 is different from the ease with which the charge accumulated in the inner layer 41 moves toward the detection section 32. Therefore, based on the change in charge information over time, it is possible to determine whether the wear of the surface layer 42 has intensified. Thus, with this simple structure, even without confirming the quality of the yarn Y, it is possible to assist in determining whether the guide wire 31 needs to be replaced.

[0096] Furthermore, the conductivity of the material of the surface layer 42 is higher than that of the material of the inner layer 41. Also, the surface layer 42 is directly electrically connected to the detection unit 32, while the inner layer 41 is electrically connected to the detection unit 32 via the surface layer 42. Therefore, the charge accumulated in the surface layer 42 is more likely to move towards the detection unit 32. Conversely, the charge accumulated in the inner layer 41 is less likely to move towards the detection unit 32. Additionally, compared to a structure where the surface layer 42 and the inner layer 41 are connected in parallel to the detection unit 32, the wiring can be simplified. Therefore, it is possible to identify which of the surface layer 42 and the inner layer 41 the wire Y is in contact with using a simple structure.

[0097] Furthermore, the operator can visually view the information displayed on the display unit 34 to obtain information related to the charge level of each wire guide 31. Therefore, the operator can easily determine the necessity of replacing each wire guide 31 when needed.

[0098] Furthermore, the control unit 33 performs a stop-loss judgment. Therefore, it can save the operator the labor and time required to determine the necessity of stopping the use of each guidewire.

[0099] Furthermore, the control unit 33 can also perform abort determination based on differential information. Based on the structure of the wire guide 31 in this embodiment, it is presumed that when the surface layer 42 wears down and the inner layer 41 is exposed, the charge information changes drastically. Therefore, the control unit 33 in this embodiment can perform abort determination with high precision.

[0100] Furthermore, the display unit 34 can be activated when it becomes necessary to stop using the wire guide 31. Therefore, even if the operator is performing work other than checking live information, they can immediately know that it is necessary to stop using the wire guide 31.

[0101] Furthermore, the ease with which charge moves toward the detection section 32 differs greatly between the first material and the second material. Therefore, it is easy to distinguish which of the outer layer 42 and the inner layer 41 the filament Y is in contact with.

[0102] Furthermore, the second material is an insulating ceramic material, which is the material of the inner layer 41. Insulating ceramic material is an inexpensive material commonly used as the material for the wire guide 31. In addition, the volume of the inner layer 41 is generally larger than the volume of the outer layer 42. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the increase in the material cost of the wire guide 31.

[0103] Furthermore, the first material is a semi-conductive ceramic material or a conductive ceramic material, which is the material of the surface layer 42. Forming the surface layer 42, made of another ceramic material, on the inner layer 41 made of ceramic material can be easily achieved using known methods such as thermal spraying. Therefore, the wire guide 31 can be easily manufactured.

[0104] Furthermore, the first material contains zirconium oxide as a main component, and the second material contains alumina as a main component. Since the inner layer 41 is formed using alumina, which is typically inexpensive, the increase in material cost of the wire guide 31 can be effectively suppressed. Moreover, zirconium oxide is a type of semi-conductive ceramic material, which, compared to insulating ceramic materials, exhibits a property of easy charge movement. Therefore, depending on whether the surface layer 42 formed by zirconium oxide is unworn or worn, the charge accumulation in the wire guide 31 varies significantly. Thus, significant changes in charge information can be detected.

[0105] Furthermore, the spinning traction device 1 includes multiple guides 31. In a spinning traction device 1 with multiple guides 31, there is a risk that the labor and time required to determine whether each guide 31 needs to be replaced becomes enormous. In such a spinning traction device 1, the structure of this embodiment is particularly effective.

[0106] Furthermore, compared to the fulcrum guide 21F (first guide), the fulcrum guide 21 (second guide), located on the rear side, is positioned further away from the entry passage 4 in the front-back direction. Therefore, there is a risk that the operator may have difficulty visually confirming the degree of wear of the second guide from the entry passage 4. In such a spinning traction device 1, the structure of this embodiment is particularly effective.

[0107] Furthermore, the spinning traction device 1 includes multiple spinning traction machines 3 arranged in a left-right direction. When the guide 31 is configured to be sandwiched between two spinning traction machines 3 in the left-right direction, there is a risk that the wear level of the guide 31 may be difficult to visually confirm. In such a spinning traction device 1, the structure of this embodiment is particularly effective.

[0108] Next, variations of the above-described embodiments will be described. However, for components having the same structure as those in the above-described embodiments, the same reference numerals will be used and their descriptions will be omitted as appropriate.

[0109] (1) In the above-described embodiment, the surface layer portion 42 is formed by performing a surface treatment on the inner layer portion 41. However, it is not limited thereto. The surface layer portion 42 may also be prepared separately from the inner layer portion 41. Then, the surface layer portion 42 may be fixed to the inner layer portion 41 by appropriate means.

[0110] (2) In the above-described embodiment, the inner layer portion 41 having a relatively low conductivity is electrically connected to the detection portion 32 via the surface layer portion 42 having a relatively high conductivity. That is, the inner layer portion 41, the surface layer portion 42, and the detection portion 32 are connected in series. However, it is not limited thereto. The inner layer portion 41 and the surface layer portion 42 may also be electrically connected to the detection portion 32 in parallel. Also in this case, when the traveling filament Y comes into contact with the surface layer portion 42, the charge accumulated in the surface layer portion 42 easily flows toward the detection portion 32 side. After the surface layer portion 42 is worn, when the filament Y comes into contact with the inner layer portion 41, the charge accumulated in the inner layer portion 41 hardly flows toward the detection portion 32 side. Therefore, it is possible to judge whether the wear of the surface layer portion 42 is aggravated.

[0111] (3) In the above-described embodiment, the display portion 34 functions as a notification portion. However, it is not limited thereto. For example, instead of the display portion 34, a lamp that emits an alarm or other notification portion may be provided.

[0112] (4) In the above-described embodiment, the control portion 33 functions as a notification control portion. However, it is not limited thereto. For example, another computer device that functions as a notification control portion may be provided separately from the control portion 33 in the spinning and drawing machine 3. Or, this computer device may be provided independently of the spinning and drawing equipment 1.

[0113] (5) In the above-described embodiment, the control portion 33 functions as a judgment portion. However, it is not limited thereto. For example, another computer device that functions as a judgment portion may be provided separately from the control portion 33 in the spinning and drawing machine 3. Or, this computer device may be provided independently of the spinning and drawing equipment 1.

[0114] (6) In the above-described embodiment, each spinning and drawing machine 3 has a display portion 34. However, it is not limited thereto. For example, the display portion 34 may also be provided in common for a plurality of spinning and drawing machines 3. Or, the display portion 34 may be provided independently of the spinning and drawing equipment 1. In this case, the display portion 34 may also be configured to be electrically connected to each spinning and drawing machine 3 by wire or wirelessly.

[0115] (7) In the embodiments described above, the control unit 33 functions as both a display information generation unit and a display control unit. However, it is not limited to this. For example, other computer devices that function as both a display information generation unit and a display control unit may be provided separately from the control unit 33 in the spinning traction machine 3. Alternatively, the computer device may be provided independently of the spinning traction device 1. In this case, the computer device may also be configured to be electrically connected to each of the spinning traction machines 3 via wired or wireless means.

[0116] (8) In the embodiments described above, alarm messages and display information are displayed on the display unit 34. However, this is not a limitation. The spinning traction device 1 may also be configured to display either messages or display information on the display unit 34. Alternatively, as described above, messages and / or display information may be displayed using a computer device and a display device provided independently of the spinning traction device 1.

[0117] (9) In the embodiments described above, the material of the inner layer 41 contains alumina as the main component, and the material of the outer layer 42 contains zirconium oxide as the main component. However, this is not a limitation. For example, other insulating ceramic materials may be used instead of alumina as the main component of the material of the inner layer 41. Other semi-conductive or conductive ceramic materials may be used instead of zirconium oxide as the main component of the material of the outer layer 42. Alternatively, other materials may be used in the wire guide 31 in which the outer layer 42 is formed on the inner layer 41.

[0118] (10) In the embodiments described above, the conductivity of the material of the surface layer 42 is higher than that of the material of the inner layer 41. However, this is not a limitation. The conductivity of the material of the inner layer 41 may also be higher than that of the material of the surface layer 42. In this case, as described above, the inner layer 41 and the surface layer 42 may be electrically connected in parallel with the detection unit 32. Alternatively, the surface layer 42 may be electrically connected to the detection unit 32 via the inner layer 41. The material of the inner layer 41 may be, for example, a metal. The material of the surface layer 42 may be, for example, an insulating material formed by surface treatment of a metal. Alternatively, the surface layer 42 may be an insulator fixed to the inner layer 41 by bonding or other means.

[0119] (11) In the embodiments described above, preferably, the conductivity of the first material is 1×10⁻⁶. －4 With a conductivity of S / m or higher, the conductivity of the second material is 1×10⁻⁶. －12 Below S / m. However, the conductivity of each material is not limited to this.

[0120] (12) In the embodiments described above, the fulcrum guide 21 and the like are specific examples of the guide 31. However, it is not limited to this. The structure of the guide 31 can also be applied to all kinds of guide members that guide the traveling yarn Y. For example, a rotatable roller (not shown) may also have an inner layer and a surface layer.

[0121] (13) The present invention can also be applied to various fiber machinery other than the spinning traction device 1 for processing traveling yarns (not shown). For example, the present invention can also be applied to a known false twisting machine (not shown) for performing false twisting on yarns. In addition, the present invention can also be applied to a known rewinding machine (not shown) for unwinding and rewinding yarns from a package.

[0122] (14) In the embodiments described above, the detection unit 32 includes a voltmeter (not shown). However, it is not limited to this. The detection unit 32 may also be configured to detect physical quantities related to the charge on the wire guide 31, other than the potential difference between the surface of the wire guide 31 and ground. For example, the detection unit 32 may also be configured to detect the amount of charge accumulated on the wire guide 31. For example, the detection unit 32 may also be configured to detect the capacitance of the wire guide 31. For example, the detection unit 32 may also be configured to detect the current flowing between the wire guide 31 and the detection unit 32. To measure minute currents, a digital multimeter or other device, such as that manufactured by Tektronix, Inc., may also be included in the detection unit 32.

[0123] (15) The wire guide 31 can also be configured to guide two or more wires Y.

[0124] (16) In the embodiments described above, the spinning traction machine 3 (processing unit) has multiple guides 31. However, it is not limited to this. The processing unit may also have only one guide 31. In addition, in the embodiments described above, the multiple processing units are arranged in a left-right direction. However, it is not limited to this. The number of processing units may also be only one. That is, the fiber machinery may have only one guide 31.

Claims

1. A fiber machine, characterized in that, A fiber machine that processes one or more filaments that travel, the fiber machine comprising: one or more guides; and one or more detection sections respectively provided corresponding to the one or more guides, the one or more guides respectively having: an inner layer section formed of a prescribed material; and a surface layer section formed of a material having an electrical conductivity different from that of the material of the inner layer section, disposed so as to cover at least a portion of the inner layer section, for a contact of at least one of the one or more filaments, and the one or more guides respectively configured to guide the at least one of the one or more filaments, the one or more detection sections respectively electrically connected to corresponding ones of the one or more guides, and configured to be able to detect information related to a charged amount of the guide, i.e., charged information, an electrical conductivity of a material of one of the surface layer section and the inner layer section is higher than an electrical conductivity of a material of the other of the surface layer section and the inner layer section, the one of the surface layer section and the inner layer section is directly electrically connected to the detection section, and the other of the surface layer section and the inner layer section is electrically connected to the detection section via the one of the surface layer section and the inner layer section.

2. The fiber machinery of claim 1, wherein, comprising: a display section capable of displaying information; a display information generation section that generates display information based on the charged information, the display information being information related to the charged amount of each of the one or more guides; and a display control section that causes the display section to display the display information.

3. The fiber machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, comprising a judgment section that performs a judgment related to whether or not use of each of the one or more guides needs to be suspended, based on the charged information.

4. The fiber machine of claim 3, wherein, comprising a differential information generation section that generates differential information obtained by differentiating the charged information with respect to time, the judgment section performing the judgment based on the differential information.

5. The fiber machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, comprising: a notification section configured to be able to perform notification of information; and a notification control section that controls the notification section based on a result of the judgment by the judgment section.

6. The fiber machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein The material of the one of the surface layer portion and the inner layer portion, i.e., the first material, has an electrical conductivity of 1 x 10 －4 S / m or more, The electrical conductivity of the material, i.e. the second material, of the other of the surface layer portion and the inner layer portion is 1 x 10 －12 S / m or less.

7. The fiber machine of claim 6, wherein, the second material is an insulating ceramic material, and is a material of the inner layer section.

8. The fiber machine of claim 7, wherein, the first material is a semiconductive ceramic material or a conductive ceramic material, and is a material of the surface layer section.

9. The fiber machine according to claim 8, wherein the first material contains zirconia as a main component, the second material contains alumina as a main component.

10. The fiber machinery according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, comprising a plurality of guides as the one or more guides.

11. The fiber machine of claim 10, wherein, comprising one or more processing units respectively having the plurality of guides, the plurality of guides including: a first guide disposed at a prescribed position in a prescribed orthogonal direction orthogonal to an extension direction of an entry passage faced by the one or more processing units; and a second guide disposed on a side opposite to the entry passage from the first guide in the orthogonal direction.

12. The fiber machine according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The plurality of processing units each have the one or more thread guides and are arranged in a prescribed arrangement direction. The plurality of processing units each have the one or more thread guides and are arranged in a prescribed arrangement direction.

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