Environment-friendly breathable biomass square brick with adsorption purification function and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an environment-friendly breathable biomass square brick with adsorption and purification functions and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to building decoration materials. The environment-friendly breathable biomass square brick with adsorption and purification functions is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of plant fiber, 15-25 parts of building aggregate waste particles, 30-50 parts of calcium hydroxide and 30-50 parts of water. The application adopts natural or waste raw materials and does not use aldehyde-containing components; through the synergistic effect of soybean meal protein and calcium hydroxide, the structural strength of the brick body is enhanced; the protein in the soybean meal is crosslinked with calcium ions to form a water-resistant structure; the porous structure and active ingredients in the soybean meal can continuously adsorb and decompose harmful gases such as formaldehyde; the rich amino groups in the protein can capture formaldehyde molecules in the air and occur chemical crosslinking, thereby effectively fixing aldehyde; industrial by-products and building waste are used, and the application conforms to the green circular economy concept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building decoration materials technology, specifically relating to an environmentally friendly breathable biomass brick with adsorption and purification functions and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization of green building and healthy living concepts, the development of interior decoration materials based on renewable resources has become an important direction for the industry. The production of boards or bricks using biomass raw materials such as plant fibers and agricultural waste has attracted much attention due to their wide availability and low-carbon, renewable characteristics. However, in the pursuit of optimizing material performance, existing technologies still face several technical contradictions that are difficult to reconcile, hindering their large-scale application and development.

[0003] Currently, the common method to improve the mechanical properties of biomass-based bricks is to add reinforcing modifiers. Commonly used modifiers include synthetic polymer resins (such as urea-formaldehyde resin and phenolic resin) and petroleum-based polymer emulsions. While these materials can form a dense three-dimensional network through curing, effectively improving the internal bonding strength and static bending strength of the product, they are themselves non-biomass degradable materials, easily causing environmental burden after disposal. More importantly, adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde resin continuously release formaldehyde in indoor environments, seriously deviating from the original intention of environmental protection and health. Furthermore, these petroleum-based raw materials are expensive, hindering their widespread adoption. Structurally, this type of reinforcement essentially introduces a non-degradable, intrinsically synthetic polymer network between plant fibers. Its compatibility with the fiber itself is poor, and the strength improvement comes at the cost of sacrificing the material's all-biomass characteristics and environmental friendliness.

[0004] Another type of reinforcement method involves incorporating inorganic fibers, such as glass fibers, which reinforce the plant skeleton through their interweaving. While this reinforcement is significant, these fibers are also non-biodegradable, posing environmental and health risks during both production and disposal. Biodegradable polymer fibers, on the other hand, are too expensive for low-cost building materials. From a materials structure perspective, these heterogeneous rigid fibers have poor interfacial compatibility with plant fibers, easily leading to stress concentration under load, which can become the starting point for crack initiation, thus affecting the overall uniformity and durability of the material.

[0005] While achieving increased strength, existing technologies often fall into the trap of "trading density for strength." To improve internal bond strength, densification methods that increase hot-pressing pressure and extend hot-pressing time are commonly used, forcing plant fibers to be highly compressed, significantly reducing porosity, and resulting in a substantial increase in material density. The resulting bricks are heavy, increasing transportation and construction costs and limiting their application in situations requiring reduced structural loads (such as high-rise building partitions and ceilings). The essence of this method is to enhance the mechanical interlocking between fibers by eliminating porosity, but it destroys the structural foundation for achieving lightweight and heat insulation / sound absorption functions, representing a single-performance optimization at the expense of key properties.

[0006] On the other hand, while the use of inorganic adhesives such as cement, gypsum, and calcium hydroxide can improve the fire resistance and durability of materials, the interfacial bonding between them and plant fibers remains a technical challenge. Existing systems mainly rely on physical interactions such as mechanical anchoring and van der Waals forces, lacking strong chemical bonds. Hydrophilic components in plant fibers (such as hemicellulose) easily absorb moisture and swell. In humid environments, water molecules penetrate the fiber-gel interface, weakening the physical bond, inducing expansion stress, and leading to interfacial delamination and performance degradation. The root cause lies in the lack of a stable, water-resistant chemical bridge between the hydrophilic plant fibers and the inorganic adhesives, making the interfacial region a weak point for moisture erosion.

[0007] Furthermore, commonly available interior decorative bricks, such as ceramic tiles, cement bricks, and gypsum boards, primarily serve decorative and structural functions. These materials have a small specific surface area and a dense structure, lacking the ability to adsorb gaseous pollutants such as formaldehyde and VOCs. Some engineered wood products even become sources of indoor harmful substances. Although external purification methods such as activated carbon packets and air purifiers possess some adsorption capacity, they fail to achieve integrated and long-term effectiveness with building materials. Their function and form are disconnected, making them inconvenient to use and subject to saturation and regeneration issues.

[0008] In summary, existing technologies have not yet been able to provide a biomass brick product that achieves synergistic optimization in terms of formaldehyde-free environmental protection, lightweight and high strength, moisture resistance and durability, and adsorption function. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide an environmentally friendly breathable biomass brick with adsorption and purification functions and its preparation method. The biomass brick of this invention is environmentally friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-strength, and has good moisture resistance, and has the function of continuously adsorbing indoor formaldehyde and VOCs.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] This invention provides an environmentally friendly, breathable biomass brick with adsorption and purification functions, prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0012] 5-10 parts soybean meal, 15-20 parts plant fiber, 15-25 parts construction aggregate waste pellets, 30-50 parts calcium hydroxide, and 30-50 parts water.

[0013] Preferably, the soybean meal includes one or more of low-temperature soybean meal, high-temperature soybean meal, and physical soybean meal.

[0014] Preferably, the soybean meal has a mesh size of 80-120 mesh.

[0015] The plant protein in soybean meal cross-links with calcium ions under alkaline conditions to form a water-resistant network structure, enhancing the strength and moisture resistance of the brick. The amino groups in the protein can chemically react with gases such as formaldehyde, achieving chemical adsorption; simultaneously, its porous structure provides physical adsorption capacity and replaces traditional formaldehyde-containing resins, achieving formaldehyde-free and environmentally friendly production.

[0016] Preferably, the plant fiber includes one or more of poplar fiber, willow fiber, and straw fiber.

[0017] Preferably, the plant fiber has a length of 1-5 mm.

[0018] The plant fiber described in this invention can provide fiber network support, enhance the material's compressive and impact resistance, maintain the material's porous structure, and facilitate gas adsorption, humidity regulation, and weight reduction.

[0019] Preferably, the construction aggregate waste particles include one or more of concrete fragments, brick and tile fragments, and fly ash. These particles act as a rigid skeleton to fill pores, improving material density and mechanical properties. Utilizing construction waste (such as concrete fragments, bricks, and fly ash) reduces raw material costs and achieves solid waste recycling. Appropriately sized particles help form interconnected pores, promoting gas adsorption and diffusion.

[0020] Preferably, the particle size of the construction aggregate waste particles is 0.5-2 mm.

[0021] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned environmentally friendly breathable biomass bricks, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Soybean meal, plant fiber, construction aggregate waste particles, calcium hydroxide, and water are mixed evenly; then pressed into shape in a mold; and dried until the moisture content is below 8%-12% to obtain the finished square bricks.

[0023] Preferably, the pressure for the pressure molding is 5-15 MPa.

[0024] Preferably, the drying temperature is 60-80℃.

[0025] It contains at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0026] This invention uses all natural or waste materials and does not use aldehyde-containing components. The synergistic effect of soybean meal protein and calcium hydroxide enhances the structural strength of the brick. The protein in soybean meal cross-links with calcium ions to form a water-resistant structure. The porous structure and active ingredients in soybean meal can continuously adsorb and decompose harmful gases such as formaldehyde (physical adsorption). The abundant amino groups in the protein can capture formaldehyde molecules in the air and undergo chemical cross-linking to achieve effective formaldehyde fixation (chemical adsorption). The use of industrial by-products and construction waste is in line with the concept of green circular economy. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 Flowchart for the preparation of biomass bricks;

[0028] Figure 2 The images are SEM images of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1; where b1-b4 are SEM images of the biomass bricks of Example 1 at scales of 0.1 mm, 10 μm, 5 μm, and 1 μm, respectively; and where b1'-b4' are SEM images of the biomass bricks of Comparative Example 1 at scales of 0.1 mm, 10 μm, 5 μm, and 1 μm, respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. The invention will now be described with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely descriptive and do not limit the invention in any way.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] This embodiment provides an environmentally friendly, breathable biomass brick with adsorption and purification functions, the raw materials of which include the following components (by weight):

[0033] Physical soybean meal: 8 parts

[0034] Salix psammophila fiber: 18 parts

[0035] Fly ash: 20 parts

[0036] Calcium hydroxide: 35 parts

[0037] Water: 35 parts

[0038] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0039] Physically grind soybean meal to 100 mesh;

[0040] The sand willow fiber is mechanically crushed to a length of 3mm and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0041] The fly ash particles are sieved to a particle size of 1 mm.

[0042] Mix the above raw materials with calcium hydroxide and water until homogeneous;

[0043] The material is molded under pressure of 10 MPa.

[0044] The finished square bricks are dried at 70℃ until the moisture content is less than 8%.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that high-temperature soybean meal is used instead of physical soybean meal, while the other raw material types, proportions, and preparation processes are the same.

[0047] Example 3:

[0048] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that low-temperature soybean meal is used instead of physical soybean meal, while the other raw material types, proportions, and preparation processes are the same.

[0049] Example 4:

[0050] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that low-temperature soybean meal is used instead of physical soybean meal, and poplar fiber is used instead of willow fiber. The other raw materials and processes are the same.

[0051] Example 5:

[0052] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that low-temperature soybean meal is used instead of physical soybean meal, poplar fiber is used instead of willow fiber, and brick and tile fragments are used instead of fly ash. The other raw materials and processes are the same.

[0053] Example 6:

[0054] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that high-temperature soybean meal is used instead of physical soybean meal, and poplar fiber is used instead of willow fiber. The other raw materials and processes are the same.

[0055] Example 7:

[0056] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that high-temperature soybean meal is used instead of physical soybean meal, poplar fiber is used instead of willow fiber, and brick and tile fragments are used instead of fly ash. The other raw materials and processes are the same.

[0057] Example 8:

[0058] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that poplar fiber is used instead of willow fiber, while the other raw materials and processes are the same.

[0059] Example 9:

[0060] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that poplar fiber is used instead of willow fiber, and brick and tile fragments are used instead of fly ash. The other raw materials and processes are the same.

[0061] Example 10:

[0062] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that low-temperature soybean meal is used instead of physical soybean meal, and straw fiber is used instead of willow fiber. The other raw materials and processes are the same.

[0063] Example 11:

[0064] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that high-temperature soybean meal is used instead of physical soybean meal, and straw fiber is used instead of willow fiber. The other raw materials and processes are the same.

[0065] Example 12:

[0066] Compared with Example 1, the difference in this example is that straw fiber is used instead of willow fiber, while the other raw materials and processes are the same.

[0067] Comparative Example 1:

[0068] The biomass brick raw material prepared in this comparative example includes the following components (by weight):

[0069] Salix psammophila fiber: 22 parts

[0070] Fly ash: 25 parts

[0071] Calcium hydroxide: 35 parts

[0072] Water: 35 parts

[0073] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0074] The sand willow fiber is mechanically crushed, with the length controlled to 1-5mm, and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0075] The fly ash particles are sieved to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm;

[0076] Mix the above raw materials with calcium hydroxide and water until homogeneous;

[0077] The material is molded under pressure, with a pressure of 5-15 MPa.

[0078] The finished square bricks are dried at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is less than 8%.

[0079] Comparative Example 2:

[0080] The biomass brick raw material prepared in this comparative example includes the following components (by weight):

[0081] Poplar fiber: 22 parts

[0082] Fly ash: 25 parts

[0083] Calcium hydroxide: 35 parts

[0084] Water: 35 parts

[0085] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0086] Poplar fibers are mechanically crushed to a length of 1-5mm and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0087] The fly ash particles are sieved to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm;

[0088] Mix the above raw materials with calcium hydroxide and water until homogeneous;

[0089] The material is molded under pressure, with a pressure of 5-15 MPa.

[0090] The finished square bricks are dried at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is less than 8%.

[0091] Comparative Example 3:

[0092] The biomass brick raw material prepared in this comparative example includes the following components (by weight):

[0093] Straw fiber: 22 parts

[0094] Fly ash: 25 parts

[0095] Calcium hydroxide: 35 parts

[0096] Water: 35 parts

[0097] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0098] The straw fibers are mechanically crushed to a length of 1-5mm and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0099] The fly ash particles are sieved to a particle size of 0.5-2 mm;

[0100] Mix the above raw materials with calcium hydroxide and water until homogeneous;

[0101] The material is molded under pressure, with a pressure of 5-15 MPa.

[0102] The finished square bricks are dried at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is less than 8%.

[0103] Comparative Example 4:

[0104] The biomass brick raw material prepared in this comparative example includes the following components (by weight):

[0105] Poplar fiber: 22 parts

[0106] Brick and tile debris: 25 portions

[0107] Calcium hydroxide: 35 parts

[0108] Water: 35 parts

[0109] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0110] Poplar fibers are mechanically crushed to a length of 1-5mm and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0111] The brick and tile fragments are sieved to a particle size of 0.5-2mm;

[0112] Mix the above raw materials with calcium hydroxide and water until homogeneous;

[0113] The material is molded under pressure, with a pressure of 5-15 MPa.

[0114] The finished square bricks are dried at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is less than 8%.

[0115] Comparative Example 5:

[0116] The biomass brick raw material prepared in this comparative example includes the following components (by weight):

[0117] Salix psammophila fiber: 22 parts

[0118] Brick and tile debris: 25 portions

[0119] Calcium hydroxide: 35 parts

[0120] Water: 35 parts

[0121] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0122] Poplar fibers are mechanically crushed to a length of 1-5mm and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0123] The brick and tile fragments are sieved to a particle size of 0.5-2mm;

[0124] Mix the above raw materials with calcium hydroxide and water until homogeneous;

[0125] The material is molded under pressure, with a pressure of 5-15 MPa.

[0126] The finished square bricks are dried at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is less than 8%.

[0127] Comparative Example 6:

[0128] The biomass brick raw material prepared in this comparative example includes the following components (by weight):

[0129] Straw fiber: 22 parts

[0130] Brick and tile debris: 25 portions

[0131] Calcium hydroxide: 35 parts

[0132] Water: 35 parts

[0133] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0134] Poplar fibers are mechanically crushed to a length of 1-5mm and then passed through a 20-mesh sieve.

[0135] The brick and tile fragments are sieved to a particle size of 0.5-2mm;

[0136] Mix the above raw materials with calcium hydroxide and water until homogeneous;

[0137] The material is molded under pressure, with a pressure of 5-15 MPa.

[0138] The finished square bricks are dried at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is less than 8%.

[0139] The performance test results of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1:

[0140] Table 1

[0141]

[0142] The core innovation of the environmentally friendly breathable biomass brick with adsorption and purification function prepared by this invention lies in the synergistic effect of soybean meal protein and calcium hydroxide to construct a porous biomass material that is lightweight, high-strength, water-resistant, and has the function of continuously adsorbing formaldehyde.

[0143] The biomass brick preparation process of this invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown;

[0144] The scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests of Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention are as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Figure 2 Images b1-b4 are SEM images of the square bricks prepared in Example 1, magnified sequentially from left to right at different magnifications (from 0.1 mm to 1 μm). The images clearly show the three-dimensional porous network within the material, composed of plant fibers, fly ash particles, and soybean meal-calcium hydroxide gel. The uniform and fine pore structure (e.g., Figure 2 As shown in b1 and b2, this provides a channel for gas adsorption and diffusion anchoring, forming the structural basis for achieving both "breathable" and physical adsorption functions; while at higher magnifications (such as... Figure 2In samples b3 and b4, it can be clearly observed that, with the assistance of soybean meal protein, fly ash particles are uniformly adhered to the surface of plant fibers. Furthermore, the dense, water-resistant gel formed by the cross-linking of soybean meal protein and calcium ions uniformly coats the fiber and particle surfaces, creating a strong interfacial bond. This microscopically confirms the chemical cross-linking mechanism that enhances the mechanical properties and moisture resistance of the samples mentioned above. Simultaneously, this uniform and high specific surface area microstructure provides ample surface-active sites for the abundant amino groups in soybean meal protein, enabling it to efficiently capture and chemically solidify formaldehyde molecules in the air. In contrast, in the comparative examples, due to the lack of synergistic effect from soybean meal protein, the cross-linking structure between fly ash, willow fiber, and calcium hydroxide is relatively loose, macroscopically manifested as larger cracks and loose cross-sections (e.g., Figure 2 (As shown in b1' and b2'), upon further magnification, it can be clearly observed that the calcium hydroxide and fly ash binder blocks are caking together and exhibit obvious and large collapse fracture morphology (as shown in b1' and b2'). Figure 2 As shown in b3'), the sand willow fibers are smoothly pulled out, with less rigid reinforcing filler attached to the surface (e.g., ...). Figure 2 As shown in b4'), the prepared biomass bricks exhibited lower compressive strength and hygroscopicity compared to the example sample, and a significantly higher drop mass retention rate. In summary, these results indicate that soybean meal protein in this system not only acts as a green adhesive and structural reinforcing phase, but also, through its amphiphilic properties and reactive amino groups, achieves uniform dispersion of waste particles and fiber... The strong bonding at the inorganic interface, and the chemical immobilization of formaldehyde. This protein... The multi-scale structural design of calcium synergistic crosslinking provides a clear structure-property relationship and feasible material strategy for developing high-performance, multifunctional biomass-based building materials.

[0145] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly, breathable biomass brick with adsorption and purification functions, characterized in that, It is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts soybean meal, 15-20 parts plant fiber, 15-25 parts construction aggregate waste pellets, 30-50 parts calcium hydroxide, and 30-50 parts water; The building aggregate waste particles include one or more of concrete fragments, brick and tile fragments, and fly ash; The particle size of the construction aggregate waste particles is 0.5-2mm.

2. The environmentally friendly breathable biomass brick according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soybean meal includes one or more of low-temperature soybean meal, high-temperature soybean meal, and physical soybean meal.

3. The environmentally friendly breathable biomass brick according to claim 2, characterized in that, The soybean meal has a mesh size of 80-120 mesh.

4. The environmentally friendly breathable biomass brick according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant fibers include one or more of poplar fiber, willow fiber, and straw fiber.

5. The environmentally friendly breathable biomass brick according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plant fiber has a length of 1-5 mm.

6. The method for preparing the environmentally friendly breathable biomass brick according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Soybean meal, plant fiber, construction aggregate waste particles, calcium hydroxide, and water are mixed evenly; then pressed into shape in a mold; and dried until the moisture content is less than 8% to obtain the finished square bricks.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pressure applied during the pressure molding process is 5-15 MPa.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drying temperature is 60-80℃.

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