Ecological bank protection structure with biological inhabiting and anti-erosion functions

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological bank protection structure with biological inhabiting and erosion resisting functions, belongs to the technical field of ecological bank protection of water conservancy projects, and aims to solve the problems that an existing bank protection structure is unbalanced in function and insufficient in habitat diversity. The structure is sequentially provided with a terrestrial vegetation layer, a water level variation area composite structure layer, a submerged area anti-impact structure layer and a bottom protection layer from top to bottom along the slope of the bank slope, and the layers are reinforced and connected through concrete coping. An anti-scouring base of the bottom protection layer is constructed by a four-side and six-side permeable frame and natural pebbles; the anti-impact structure layer of the submerged area adopts the combination of Reynolds protection pads and perforated concrete blocks to resist impact; the water level variation area composite structure layer is formed by laying ecological nest bricks and plant growing bags in a staggered manner to form a composite habitat; and the terrestrial vegetation layer realizes soil fixation and water retention. All the layers cooperate and have high erosion resistance and abundant habitat, ecological communication of water and land is guaranteed, construction is easy and convenient, durability is good, the method is suitable for various river bank protection projects, and cooperation and unification of bank slope protection and ecological restoration can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological bank protection technology in water conservancy projects, specifically an ecological bank protection structure that combines biological habitat and erosion resistance functions. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial component of water conservancy projects, bank protection engineering's core function is to resist the erosion and scouring of the riverbank soil by water flow and waves, maintaining bank stability. Traditional bank protection techniques often employ rigid structures such as riprap, masonry / dry-laid rubble, precast concrete blocks, and cast-in-place concrete. While these meet the requirements for erosion resistance and bank stability, they suffer from significant ecological drawbacks. These rigid structures hinder the natural exchange between riverbank water and soil, disrupt the integrity of the river ecosystem, damage the diversity of biological habitats, lead to a homogenization of river biological communities, and create a visually unfriendly environment. Furthermore, they are costly to construct and maintain in the long term.

[0003] While existing ecological revetment technologies attempt to integrate ecological functions, such as using materials like grass pavers, vegetation bags, and gabion cages, they generally suffer from functional imbalances: some structures prioritize biological habitats but lack sufficient erosion resistance, making them prone to damage under strong water flow; others enhance erosion resistance but simplify habitat creation, failing to provide suitable habitats for different groups of organisms.

[0004] To address these issues, the present invention provides an ecological revetment structure that combines biological habitat and erosion resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an ecological revetment structure that combines biological habitat and erosion resistance, thus solving the aforementioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an ecological revetment structure that combines biological habitat and erosion resistance, characterized in that the revetment slope comprises, from top to bottom, a terrestrial vegetation layer, a composite structure layer for water level fluctuation zones, an erosion-resistant structure layer for inundation zones, and a bottom layer, with each layer working together to achieve erosion resistance and biological habitat creation; the composite structure layer for water level fluctuation zones is a grid structure formed by alternating ecological nest bricks and vegetation bags, with natural stones filling the grid; the ecological nest bricks are made of porous concrete, with pre-reserved longitudinal through holes and transverse connecting grooves, and the through holes are filled with a mixture of pebbles and humus.

[0007] Preferably, the terrestrial vegetation layer is 30-50cm thick and consists of a top layer of planting soil, a middle layer of nutrient substrate and a bottom layer of geotextile filter. The top layer of planting soil is made of native soil-stabilizing plants, the middle layer of nutrient substrate is a mixture of humus, river sand and decomposed organic fertilizer in a ratio of 6:3:1, and the bottom layer of geotextile filter is made of polyester fiber.

[0008] Preferably, the ecological nest brick has a strength grade of not less than C20, a porosity of 25%-35%, a longitudinal through-hole diameter of 5-8cm, and a transverse connecting groove width of 3-5cm; the planting bag is filled with a mixed substrate and flood-resistant plant seeds, and the distance between adjacent planting bags is 5-10cm.

[0009] Preferably, the erosion-resistant structural layer of the flooded area is laid by combining Reno mattresses and perforated concrete blocks. The Reno mattresses are filled with natural stones with a particle size of 15-25cm, and the perforated concrete blocks have a porosity of 30%-40%, with the perforations filled with pebbles and aquatic plant roots.

[0010] Preferably, the protective layer is made of a mixture of a four-sided hexagonal permeable frame and natural pebbles, with the four-sided hexagonal permeable frame filled with natural pebbles and the spacing between adjacent four-sided hexagonal permeable frames being 80-100cm.

[0011] Preferably, a concrete capping with a strength grade of not less than C25 and a size of 50×30cm is provided between the terrestrial vegetation layer and the composite structure layer of the water level fluctuation zone.

[0012] Preferably, the terrestrial vegetation layer plants are selected from one or more of Bermuda grass, Amorpha fruticosa, Hippophae rhamnoides, and alfalfa; the flood-resistant plant seeds in the vegetation bag are selected from one or more of reeds, calamus, and cattail.

[0013] Beneficial effects This invention provides an ecological revetment structure that combines biological habitat and erosion resistance. Compared with existing technologies, it has the following advantages: 1. This ecological revetment structure, which combines biological habitat and erosion resistance, employs a layered protection design. The bottom layer, with its hexagonal permeable frame and natural pebbles, effectively resists water erosion. The Reno mattress and perforated concrete blocks in the submerged erosion-resistant structural layer form a flexible erosion-resistant system. The grid structure of the composite structural layer in the water level fluctuation zone combines rigid support with flexible adaptability. The terrestrial vegetation layer stabilizes the soil through plant roots. All layers work together to achieve erosion protection across the entire water level range, making it suitable for river environments with varying water flow intensities.

[0014] 2. This ecological revetment structure, which combines biological habitat and erosion resistance, features multi-layered habitat spaces formed by the through holes and connecting channels of the ecological nest bricks in the composite structural layer of the water level fluctuation zone, the pores of the perforated concrete blocks in the erosion-resistant structural layer of the inundation zone, and the gaps in the four-sided hexagonal permeable frame of the revetment bottom layer. These spaces are adapted to the needs of different biological groups such as fish, benthic organisms, and small invertebrates. The rational configuration of terrestrial vegetation layer and aquatic plants constructs a complete vegetation community, providing food sources and habitats for organisms and promoting the restoration of the river ecosystem. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the external structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the overall structure on the right side of the present invention; Figure 3 This is the invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Terrestrial vegetation layer; 11. Topsoil; 12. Middle nutrient substrate; 13. Bottom layer geotextile; 2. Composite structure layer in the water level fluctuation zone; 21. Ecological nest bricks; 22. Vegetation bags; 23. Natural boulders; 3. Erosion-resistant structure layer in the flooded area; 31. Reno mattress; 32. Perforated concrete block; 4. Bottom layer; 41. Four-sided hexagonal permeable frame; 42. Natural pebbles; 5. Concrete coping; 6. Bank slope base. Detailed Implementation

[0018] It should be noted that in the description of the embodiments of this application, the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," "down," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. The terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0019] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figures 1 to 4 This application provides an ecological revetment structure that combines biological habitat and erosion resistance. The revetment consists of a terrestrial vegetation layer 1, a composite structure layer for water level fluctuation zones 2, an erosion-resistant structure layer for submerged zones 3, and a protective layer 4, arranged sequentially from top to bottom along the bank slope. These layers work together to achieve erosion resistance and biological habitat creation. The specific structure is as follows: Terrestrial vegetation layer 1: Located above the highest designed water level, with a thickness of 30-50cm, it consists of a top layer of planting soil 11, a middle layer of nutrient substrate 12, and a bottom layer of geotextile filter 13. The top layer of planting soil 11 uses a mixture of local native herbaceous plants and shrubs, with preferred species such as bermudagrass and Amorpha fruticosa having strong soil-fixing capabilities; the middle layer of nutrient substrate 12 is a mixture of humus, river sand, and well-rotted organic fertilizer in a 6:3:1 ratio to provide nutrients for plant growth; the bottom layer of geotextile filter 13 uses highly permeable polyester fiber material to prevent the planting soil 11 from being lost, while ensuring water infiltration.

[0021] Composite Structure Layer 2 in the Water Level Fluctuation Zone: Located between the highest and lowest design water levels, this is the core functional layer. It employs an alternating grid structure of ecological nest bricks 21 and vegetation bags 22. The ecological nest bricks 21 are made of porous concrete, with pre-drilled longitudinal through-holes (5-8 cm in diameter) and transverse connecting grooves. The through-holes are filled with a mixture of pebbles and humus, providing habitat for small invertebrates and fish to spawn. The vegetation bags 22 contain a mixed substrate and flood-tolerant plant seeds, preferably aquatic plants such as reeds and calamus. During construction, adjacent vegetation bags 22 are spaced 5-10 cm apart to create ventilation and light penetration, constructing a composite habitat for plant growth and animal activity. The grid structure is filled with natural boulders 23 to enhance overall erosion resistance. The gaps between the natural boulders 23 are filled with river sand and humus, providing a carrier for microbial attachment.

[0022] The third erosion-resistant structural layer in the flooded area is located below the design minimum water level and consists of a combination of Reno mattresses 31 and perforated concrete blocks 32. The Reno mattresses 31 are woven from high-galvanized steel wire and filled with natural pebbles 23 with a particle size of 15-25cm. The thickness of the layer is 50-80cm. Adjacent Reno mattresses 31 are secured with steel wire to form a flexible, erosion-resistant structure. The perforated concrete blocks 32 are laid on the surface of the Reno mattresses 31, with a perforation rate of 30%-40%. The perforations are filled with pebbles and aquatic plant roots to provide habitat for benthic organisms, while also slowing down water flow and reducing scouring intensity.

[0023] Subgrade 4: Located below the erosion-resistant structural layer 3 in the inundation zone, it is laid longitudinally along the river channel and consists of a mixed arrangement of a four-sided hexagonal permeable frame 41 and natural pebbles 42. The four-sided hexagonal permeable frame 41 is made of concrete and filled with natural pebbles 42. The spacing between adjacent four-sided hexagonal permeable frames 41 is 80-100cm, forming a stable anti-scouring base and providing a hidden habitat for benthic organisms, thus preventing the water flow from directly scouring the bank slope base 6.

[0024] The porous concrete of the ecological nest brick 21 has a strength grade of not less than C20 and a porosity of 25%-35% to ensure structural strength and permeability; the Reno mattress 31 has a wire diameter of not less than 2.7mm and a mesh size of 8×10cm to meet the requirements of erosion resistance and ecological permeability; a concrete capping 5 is set between the terrestrial vegetation layer 1 and the composite structure layer 2 of the water level fluctuation zone to prevent rainwater erosion and delamination between layers.

[0025] In this embodiment: This embodiment is applied to an ecological bank protection project for a river in the southern plains. The designed maximum water level of the river is 3.5m, the designed minimum water level is 1.2m, and the bank slope is 1:2.5. The specific construction steps are as follows: Bank slope preparation: Clean up surface debris and loose soil on the bank slope, level the slope surface, and reinforce the base with wooden piles in unstable areas to ensure that the bank slope meets the design requirements.

[0026] Construction of the bottom layer 4: At a depth of 0.5m below the design minimum water level, lay a permeable frame 41 with four sides and six sides along the longitudinal direction of the river. The frame size is 100×100×80cm. The frame is filled with natural pebbles 42 with a particle size of 10-20cm. The spacing between adjacent permeable frames 41 is 80cm. The frames are filled with natural pebbles 42 to level the surface and form a stable bottom layer.

[0027] Construction of the erosion-resistant structural layer 3 in the flooded area: Reno mattress 31 is laid on top of the protective layer 4. The mattress size is 5×2×0.6m, and the interior is filled with natural boulders 23 with a particle size of 15-25cm. Adjacent Reno mattresses 31 are fixed by binding with galvanized steel wire, with an overlap width of not less than 10cm. Perforated concrete blocks 32 are laid on the surface of the Reno mattress 31. The block size is 30×30×15cm, with an opening rate of 35%. The openings are filled with a mixture of pebbles and reed roots.

[0028] Construction of composite structure layer 2 in the water level fluctuation zone: Ecological nest bricks 21 and planting bags 22 are built upwards from the lowest design water level. The ecological nest bricks 21 are 40×40×20cm in size, with a through hole diameter of 6cm and a transverse connecting groove width of 3cm. The through holes are filled with pebbles and humus in a ratio of 2:1. The planting bags 22 are filled with a mixture of planting soil, river sand, decomposed organic fertilizer and calamus seeds in a ratio of 5:3:1:0.01. They are laid in an alternating manner, with one layer of planting bags 22 set every three layers of ecological nest bricks 21. The mesh is filled with natural stones 23 with a particle size of 10-15cm, and the gaps between the natural stones 23 are filled with river sand and humus.

[0029] Construction of terrestrial vegetation layer 1: Lay the bottom layer of reverse filter geotextile 13 in the area above the highest designed water level. The overlap width of the reverse filter geotextile 13 is not less than 20cm and it is fixed with steel nails. Lay the middle layer of nutrient substrate 12 with a thickness of 20cm on top. Lay the top layer of planting soil 11 with a thickness of 30cm. Plant bermudagrass and Amorpha fruticosa with a plant spacing of 20cm and 50cm respectively.

[0030] Construction of auxiliary facilities: A concrete capping 5 with dimensions of 50×30cm and strength grade C25 is installed at the junction of the terrestrial vegetation layer 1 and the composite structure layer 2 of the water level fluctuation zone to prevent rainwater erosion and delamination between layers.

[0031] After the project was completed, monitoring showed that the revetment structure had excellent resistance to water erosion, with no bank collapse or soil erosion. A stable small biological community was formed in the ecological nest bricks 21 of the composite structure layer 2 in the water level fluctuation zone. Plants such as reeds and calamus grew normally, and fish spawned and lived frequently, showing a significant ecological restoration effect.

[0032] Furthermore, any content not described in detail in this specification is existing technology known to those skilled in the art.

[0033] Working Principle: This ecological revetment structure functions based on the concept of layered collaborative protection and ecological adaptation. The entire structure is arranged along a unified bank slope, with each layer complementing the others to form a complete system: The bottom layer 4, constructed with a combination of a four-sided, hexagonal permeable frame 41 and natural pebbles 42, forms a stable base, resisting direct scouring of the bank slope base 6 by water flow, while providing hiding spaces for benthic organisms; the Reno mattress 31 of the erosion-resistant structure layer 3 in the submerged area adapts to water flow fluctuations due to its flexibility. The natural boulders filled inside and the perforated concrete blocks 32 on the surface work together to slow the water flow and reduce scouring intensity. The perforated structure simultaneously provides habitats for aquatic organisms. The composite structure layer 2 in the water level fluctuation zone serves as the core functional area. The through holes and connecting grooves of the ecological nest bricks 21, the gaps of the vegetation bags 22, and the pores of the natural stones 23 form a multi-layered habitat, which is adapted to the needs of biological activities in the water-land transition zone. The grid structure also has rigid support capabilities to resist the impact of water level fluctuations. The terrestrial vegetation layer 1 holds the soil in place through the roots of plants in the top layer of planting soil 11, the middle layer of nutrient substrate 12 ensures plant growth, the bottom layer of reverse filter geotextile 13 prevents soil loss, and the concrete capping 5 strengthens the interlayer connection and avoids the delamination caused by rainwater erosion, ultimately achieving a synergistic unity of anti-erosion protection and biological habitat functions.

[0034] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0035] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological revetment structure having both biological habitat and anti-erosion functions, characterized in that, The coastal slope comprises, from top to bottom, a terrestrial vegetation layer (1), a water level fluctuation area composite structure layer (2), a submerged area anti-erosion structure layer (3) and a bottom protection layer (4), which cooperate to realize erosion prevention and biological habitat creation; the water level fluctuation area composite structure layer (2) is a grid structure formed by staggered laying of ecological nest bricks (21) and vegetation bags (22), and the grid is filled with natural block stones (23); the ecological nest bricks (21) are made of porous concrete, and have longitudinal through holes and transverse communication grooves reserved inside, and the through holes are filled with pebble and humus mixture.

2. An eco-shore protection structure according to claim 1, characterised in that, The terrestrial vegetation layer (1) has a thickness of 30-50 cm and is composed of a surface planting soil (11), a middle layer nutrient substrate (12) and a bottom layer filter geotextile (13); the surface planting soil (11) is selected from local native soil-fixing plants, the middle layer nutrient substrate (12) is a mixture of humus soil, river sand and decomposed organic fertilizer in a ratio of 6:3:1, and the bottom layer filter geotextile (13) is made of polyester fiber.

3. The eco-shore protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological nest bricks (21) have a strength grade not lower than C20, a porosity of 25%-35%, a longitudinal through hole diameter of 5-8 cm and a transverse communication groove width of 3-5 cm; the vegetation bags (22) are filled with mixed substrate and submerged plant seeds, and the distance between adjacent vegetation bags (22) is 5-10 cm.

4. The eco-shore protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The submerged area anti-erosion structure layer (3) is composed of Reno mattress (31) and perforated concrete blocks (32), the Reno mattress (31) is filled with natural block stones with a particle size of 15-25 cm, and the perforated concrete blocks (32) have a perforation rate of 30%-40% and are filled with pebbles and aquatic plant rhizomes in the perforations.

5. The eco-shore protection structure according to claim 1, wherein The bottom protection layer (4) is composed of four-sided six-edged water permeable frames (41) and natural pebbles (42), the four-sided six-edged water permeable frames (41) are filled with natural pebbles (42), and the distance between adjacent four-sided six-edged water permeable frames (41) is 80-100 cm.

6. The eco-shore protection structure according to claim 1, wherein A concrete coping (5) with a strength grade not lower than C25 and a size of 50×30 cm is arranged between the terrestrial vegetation layer (1) and the water level fluctuation area composite structure layer (2).

7. The eco-shore protection structure according to claim 1, wherein The plants in the terrestrial vegetation layer (1) are selected from one or more of Cynodon dactylon, Amorpha fruticosa, Hippophae rhamnoides and Medicago sativa, and the submerged plant seeds in the vegetation bags (22) are selected from one or more of Phragmites australis, Acorus calamus and Typha angustifolia.

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