Water storage type ecological cycle restoration ditch system and method for farmland in hilly area

Abstract

The invention discloses a hilly area farmland water storage type ecological cycle restoration ditch system and method, and relates to the technical field of agricultural non-point source pollution abatement, the hilly area farmland water storage type ecological cycle restoration ditch system comprises a plurality of ditches, a plurality of single-face water permeable bricks are laid in the ditches, the single-face water permeable bricks comprise waterproof blocks and water permeable blocks, the waterproof blocks are fixedly connected with the side walls of the ditches, and the water permeable blocks are fixedly connected with the side walls of the ditches. Through holes are formed in the water permeable blocks, soil used for planting aquatic plants is arranged in the through holes, microorganism cavities are formed in the water permeable blocks, the pipelines are used for guiding water to flow to the water permeable blocks, and water is introduced into one side, where the aquatic plants are planted, of each water permeable block in the ditch through the pipelines. Water flow can form permeation flow from the microorganism cavity to the plant root system and then to the microorganism cavity along the pores of the water permeable block, nutrient exchange between plants and microorganisms is achieved, and the problem that due to the fact that an existing microorganism carrier cannot make full contact with the plant root system, the removal efficiency of a ditch on pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus is low is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural non-point source pollution control technology, specifically to a water-retaining ecological cycle restoration ditch system and method for farmland in hilly areas. Background Technology

[0002] In hilly areas, farmland is often subject to high multiple cropping indices due to arable land shortages, resulting in excessive fertilizer and pesticide use with low utilization rates. This, coupled with complex terrain, steep slopes, a lack of near-source pollution interception measures, and inadequate irrigation and drainage systems, leads to significant nitrogen and phosphorus loss through surface runoff. This not only causes eutrophication and disrupts the aquatic ecosystem but also pollutes groundwater, threatening drinking water safety, deteriorating soil and agricultural ecosystems, increasing the difficulty of regional water pollution control, and hindering sustainable agricultural development. In existing regional farmland ecological ditch systems, most ditch designs focus solely on facilitating production access and improving water resource utilization, neglecting the importance of ecological cycles and environmental protection. This lack of systematic and ecological design not only impacts the survival and dispersal of farmland species but also further deteriorates biological habitats.

[0003] In hilly areas, the microbial carriers commonly used in existing ecological ditch systems are mostly scattered or layered, resulting in low spatial compatibility with the root distribution of emergent and floating plants within the ditch. This prevents sufficient contact between the microbial carriers and the substances produced by plant root metabolism. Consequently, plant root exudates are difficult for microorganisms to efficiently capture and utilize, limiting the proliferation and metabolic activity of the microbial community. Furthermore, the small-molecule nutrients transformed by microorganisms through processes such as nitrification, denitrification, and phosphate mineralization cannot be efficiently absorbed by plant roots. The synergistic purification effect of plants and microorganisms is not fully realized, leading to low removal efficiency of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the ditches. In addition, the large amount of sediment carried by farmland drainage in hilly areas causes repeated siltation of bottom sediment, making manual cleaning inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One objective of this invention is to provide a water-retaining ecological cycle restoration ditch system and method for farmland in hilly areas. Water is introduced into one side of a permeable block planted with aquatic plants in the ditch. Microbial chambers are embedded on both sides of the permeable block. The water flow forms a directional infiltration flow from the microbial chamber to the plant roots and back to the microbial chamber along the pores of the permeable block. The oxygenated water flow drives the small molecule nutrients in the chamber to quickly penetrate into the micro-zone of the plant roots, while the root secretions are transported to the microbial chamber. This achieves bidirectional nutrient exchange between plants and microorganisms, solving the problem that existing microbial carriers cannot fully contact plant roots, resulting in low removal efficiency of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the ditch.

[0005] This objective is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0006] A water-retaining ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas includes several ditches, each paved with several single-sided permeable bricks. Each permeable brick comprises waterproof blocks and permeable blocks. The waterproof blocks are fixedly connected to the sidewalls of the ditches and are tightly fitted to the slope soil, thus dispersing the scouring force of water flow on the slope, enhancing the shear strength of the slope soil, and solving the problem of collapse in hilly ditches caused by rainwater erosion and water level fluctuations. The permeable blocks have through holes filled with soil, in which plants are grown. The porous structure of the permeable blocks allows water in the ditch to freely infiltrate into the porous soil, providing water, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to the roots of aquatic plants. Simultaneously, root secretions seep back into the microbial cavity, supplying nutrients for microbial growth. Each permeable block contains a microbial cavity, and several side channels are provided on both sides of the ditch. These side channels are connected to the permeable blocks via pipes and are connected to a cascading aeration mechanism installed on the slope. The cascading aeration mechanism is designed to take advantage of the elevation differences in the hilly terrain. The structure guides water from the upper-level ditch to fall layer by layer. During the fall, the water comes into full contact with the air, causing violent turbulence and splashing. Oxygen in the air quickly dissolves into the water, and the resulting oxygenated water is introduced from one side of the permeable block through several pipes. The introduction of oxygenated water can directly transport soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and other small-molecule nutrients generated in the microbial cavity to the surface of plant roots, improving the plant's nutrient absorption efficiency. In addition, the water flow can carry organic acids, amino acids, and other organic matter secreted by plant roots to the microbial cavity, enriching the microbial community. Providing carbon and energy, oxygenated water provides ample oxygen for aerobic microorganisms in the subsequent ditches, enhancing the efficiency of nitrification and accelerating the decomposition of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen. At the same time, oxygenated water creates a high dissolved oxygen environment in the root microzone, which not only meets the respiratory needs of aquatic plant roots and prevents root rot due to lack of oxygen, but also provides sufficient oxygen for aerobic functional bacteria such as nitrifying bacteria, improving ammonia nitrogen conversion efficiency. This solves the technical problems of low contact between microorganisms and plant roots and low nutrient transport efficiency, and significantly improves the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in ditches.

[0007] Existing ecological ditch systems are mostly natural ecological ditches or seepage-proof lined ecological ditches, directly modifying natural ditches with native soil slopes and natural bottom sediment. Native emergent plants are scattered throughout the ditches. Natural ditches lack seepage prevention measures, resulting in severe water leakage, especially in hilly areas with high soil porosity. Rainfall easily leads to slope collapse and siltation, causing short-circuiting of water flow and insufficient purification pathways. In contrast, seepage-proof lined ecological ditches involve laying a seepage-proof membrane or pouring concrete lining on the slopes and bottom, with planting trenches pre-reserved on the lining surface. These trenches are filled with soil and planted with aquatic plants. While seepage-proof lined ditches solve the problem of... While leakage and collapse are problems, concrete and impermeable membranes block the exchange of substances between water and soil. Plant roots cannot penetrate deep into the slope, microorganisms lose their attachment carriers, and the ecological purification efficiency drops significantly. Furthermore, plant planting is mostly done by spreading the plants on the surface, with roots concentrated on the surface of the ditch, while the microbial carriers mostly settle at the bottom. The two are spatially isolated, with a very small contact area. Root exudates cannot be transferred downwards to the microbial area, and the small molecule nutrients transformed by microorganisms cannot be efficiently absorbed by plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency is generally low, which not only leads to eutrophication of downstream water bodies but also seriously restricts the ecological security of hilly water conservation areas.

[0008] This system introduces oxygenated water into permeable blocks of single-sided permeable bricks laid in ditches through several pipes. Microbial chambers are embedded on both sides of each permeable block, allowing the oxygenated water to carry soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and other small-molecule nutrients generated in the microbial chambers or soil directly to the surface of plant roots, improving nutrient absorption efficiency. Simultaneously, the water flow carries organic acids, amino acids, and other organic matter secreted by plant roots, transferring them back to the microbial aggregation area, providing carbon and energy for the microbial community. The oxygenated water creates a high dissolved oxygen environment in the root microzone, satisfying the respiratory needs of aquatic plant roots and preventing root rot due to oxygen deficiency. It also provides oxygen to aerobic microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria, enhancing nitrification to accelerate ammonia nitrogen decomposition. This system solves the technical problems of limited contact between microorganisms and plant roots and low nutrient transport efficiency, effectively improving the phenomenon of large nitrogen and phosphorus loss and severe eutrophication of surrounding water bodies during crop cultivation in hilly areas.

[0009] Furthermore, the cascading oxygenation mechanism includes an oxygenation component and a diversion component. The oxygenation component includes several cascading steps located within the main flow pipe, which is connected to the third circulation pipe. Utilizing the elevation difference of the hilly terrain to generate gravitational potential energy, water from the upper-level ditch can automatically flow into the main flow pipe without additional power, providing a continuous water source for cascading oxygenation. The cascading steps are arranged sequentially along the slope of the main flow pipe. As the water flows down the sequentially arranged steps, turbulence, impact, and splashing occur, significantly increasing the contact area and contact time between the water and air. Oxygen in the air quickly dissolves into the water, increasing the dissolved oxygen content. The oxygenated water provides sufficient dissolved oxygen for subsequent synergistic purification by plants and microorganisms.

[0010] Furthermore, the diversion component includes a flow guide channel connected to the outlet of the main flow pipe. A first side flow guide pipe and a second side flow guide pipe are connected to the bottom of the flow guide channel. A diversion plate is provided inside the flow guide channel. The inlets of the first side flow guide pipe and the second side flow guide pipe are located on both sides of the diversion plate. Relying on the gravity flow of the main flow pipe, the water flow is naturally diverted by the diversion plate when it enters the flow guide channel. The outlets of the first side flow guide pipe and the second side flow guide pipe are respectively connected to the side channels on both sides of the ditch, ensuring that the permeable bricks, plant roots, and microbial chambers on both sides of the ditch can obtain uniform water flow and dissolved oxygen replenishment, thereby achieving a simultaneous improvement in nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency on both sides of the ditch.

[0011] In hilly areas, irrigation ditches carry large amounts of suspended solids and organic matter, including silt, straw debris, livestock manure, and fertilizer residues, from farmland drainage, village runoff, and surface runoff. These substances, as they flow into the ditches, undergo gravity settling due to the slowed flow, gradually depositing at the bottom to form silt. The silt particles and organic debris in the silt can seep into the pores of permeable bricks, creating physical blockages and gradually clogging the permeable channels. This leads to excessive proliferation of anaerobic bacteria, reducing nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and increasing the risk of eutrophication. Furthermore, current dredging methods in hilly areas primarily rely on manual excavation and hydraulic flushing, which are inefficient, incomplete, and prone to secondary pollution. Manual dredging is limited by terrain, is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and for long-distance, large-section hilly ditches, it often requires continuous manpower, severely impacting the normal operation of the ditches. Hydraulic flushing can also carry pollutants from the silt into downstream water bodies, posing ecological risks.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a dredging mechanism, which comprises a rotating component and a dredging component. The dredging component includes a reciprocating moving unit and a flexible cloth. The flexible cloth is laid flat on the bottom of the ditch and its two ends are fixedly connected to the bottom of the ditch. A first moving rod is connected to the middle of the flexible cloth. The first moving rod is connected to the reciprocating moving unit. The rotating component rotates to drive the reciprocating moving unit to drive the first moving rod to make a linear reciprocating motion. When the reciprocating moving unit drives the moving rod to pull the middle of the flexible cloth, the cloth will not slide back and forth in a straight line. Instead, because the two ends are fixed and the middle is stressed, it forms a periodic wave-like bulge and trough. The wave-like vibration transmits high-frequency, micro-amplitude impacts to the silt and organic particles at the bottom of the ditch, directly breaking the cohesion between the silt particles. Due to the thrust of the water flow in the ditch, the suspended silt particles are directionally pushed to the silt collection trough at the end of the ditch by the water flow, achieving centralized collection of silt. The flexible movement drives the surrounding water to form local turbulence, promoting the exchange of substances between the water flow in the ditch and the aquatic plants and microorganisms of the permeable blocks, while reducing the settling rate of suspended solids. This reduces the deposition of silt on the surface of the permeable bricks and at the bottom of the ditch from the source, ensuring synergistic purification efficiency.

[0013] Furthermore, the horizontal angle between the first movable rod and the two ends of the flexible cloth is 15-30°. When the movable rod moves back and forth, the horizontal angle of 15°–30° causes the flexible cloth to be stretched to form a wave-like peak that tilts towards the mud collection area. This tilted peak will generate a component force towards the mud collection trough, which can actively push the loose bottom mud particles towards the mud collection trough, avoid bottom mud back, realize unidirectional mud accumulation, greatly improve dredging efficiency and mud collection targeting, and at the same time take into account the silt loosening effect and ditch structure protection. Subsequently, there is no need to repeatedly excavate in the entire ditch. Only the silt in the mud collection trough needs to be transferred and treated at a fixed point, which greatly reduces the workload and time cost of dredging operations.

[0014] Furthermore, the rotating component includes a rotating shaft with several blades arranged in a ring on it. The water flows through the first side guide pipe, passes over the blades of the rotating shaft, and then flows into several side channels. Under the action of gravity, the water falls along the first side guide pipe and impacts the blades of the rotating shaft in a directional manner. This causes the blades directly below the outlet of the first side guide pipe to generate a rotational torque in conjunction with the tangential component of the water flow, driving the rotating shaft to rotate. This, in turn, drives the dredging mechanism to move back and forth to achieve continuous dredging. At the same time, the blades on the rotating shaft rotate and slide on the water surface, breaking the surface tension of the water and entraining air into the water to form a large number of microbubbles. This significantly increases the dissolved oxygen content of the water and replenishes the oxygen concentration in the ditch. Utilizing the height difference of the hilly terrain, the rotating shaft is driven by gravity water flow to drive the dredging mechanism. No additional energy consumption is required, which greatly reduces the operation and maintenance costs. It is suitable for the complex terrain of hilly areas, overcomes the limitations of power transmission, and achieves continuous and stable routine dredging, avoiding bottom mud caking and blockage, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the dredging mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, the blades directly below the first side guide pipe are downward-concave arc-shaped structures. As the water flow impacts downward due to gravity, the downward-concave arc-shaped structure forms a water-collecting surface, which more fully transfers the kinetic energy converted from the potential energy of the gravity water flow to the blades, significantly increasing the rotational torque of the rotating shaft and ensuring the stable operation of the dredging mechanism.

[0016] Furthermore, the reciprocating motion unit includes a crank and a second moving rod. One end of the second moving rod is hinged to the first moving rod, which can compensate for the trajectory deviation between the oscillating motion and the linear reciprocating motion, and realize the stable transmission of driving force. One end of the crank is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the other end of the crank and the other end of the second moving rod are hinged. The water flow drives the rotating shaft to rotate continuously around its own axis, and the crank, which is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, rotates in a circle synchronously, so that the end of the crank that is hinged to the second moving rod forms a circular motion trajectory. The force generated by its oscillating motion is decomposed into a component force along the length direction of the first moving rod. This component force will drive the first moving rod to make periodic reciprocating movements in the vertical direction, thereby pulling the flexible cloth to form wave-like vibrations, and realizing the dredging operation.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a circulation mechanism, which includes a top ecological restoration pool located at the highest point of the hill and a bottom ecological restoration pool located at the lowest point.

[0018] The top ecological restoration pool is connected to several ditches and the bottom ecological restoration pool through several first circulation pipes, which are used to transport the water in the top ecological restoration pool to the several ditches and the bottom ecological restoration pool.

[0019] The water level in the top ecological restoration pond is higher than that in the ditch and the bottom ecological restoration pond. The water flows through several first circulation pipes and is directly transported to the ditch by gravity, eventually flowing into the bottom ecological restoration pond. The water flowing into the ditch will pass through the permeable bricks, aquatic plants and functional microbial communities in the ditch to complete the degradation of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants. The water that finally flows into the bottom ecological restoration pond will undergo ecological purification.

[0020] The bottom ecological restoration pool is connected to several ditches and the top ecological restoration pool through several second circulation pipes. The second circulation pipes are equipped with circulation pumps, which are used to transport the water in the bottom ecological restoration pool to the ditches and the top ecological restoration pool.

[0021] After the bottom ecological restoration pond completes water purification, the circulating water pump connected to the second circulation pipeline is started to force the purified water back to several ditches and finally to the top ecological restoration pond. The water flowing back to the ditches can replenish the ditches, ensure the stability of the water level in the ditches, enhance the activity of microorganisms in the ditches, and strengthen the degradation effect of pollutants. Finally, the water flowing back to the top ecological restoration pond will be further purified by the top ecological restoration pond to remove residual pollutants, while achieving a stable improvement in water quality, and ultimately realizing a circular ecological purification.

[0022] The circulation mechanism drives the water flow in a closed loop between the top ecological restoration pool, the ditch, and the bottom ecological restoration pool, which can achieve multi-stage progressive water purification and improve the efficiency of pollutant removal. At the same time, combined with the circulation pump to regulate the water circulation flow, it can effectively cope with rainstorms or sudden pollution impacts and ensure the stable operation of the system structure and purification function.

[0023] A method for ecologically circular restoration of irrigation ditches in hilly areas using water storage is implemented on the aforementioned ecologically circular restoration ditches in hilly areas. The specific method is as follows:

[0024] Excavation work: Conduct on-site surveys to determine the excavation dimensions of the top ecological restoration pond, the bottom ecological restoration pond, and several ditches. After leveling the land, carry out the excavation work of the top ecological restoration pond, the bottom ecological restoration pond, and several ditches.

[0025] Ditch construction: Several ditches are laid with multiple layers of single-sided permeable bricks along the vertical direction, ensuring that each layer of permeable bricks is aligned and flat, with the permeable blocks facing the inside of the ditch and the waterproof blocks fitting against the ditch slope.

[0026] Mechanism installation: Several side channels are laid on both sides of the ditch for the installation of the drop aeration mechanism and the dredging mechanism;

[0027] Circulation pipeline laying: Excavate pipeline trenches. The first and second circulation pipelines connect the top ecological restoration pool, several ditches, and the bottom ecological restoration pool. Circulation water pumps are installed in the ditches and connected to the second circulation pipeline. Activating the circulation water pumps ensures stable water levels in the ditches and drives the purified water from the bottom ecological restoration pool to flow back to the top ecological restoration pool and ditches, forming a closed-loop water circulation path. The third circulation pipeline connects the inlet of the cascading aeration mechanism to the ditch at the next level, ensuring that the water in the ditch at the next level can smoothly enter the cascading aeration mechanism with the help of gravity. Finally, the pipeline trench is backfilled.

[0028] Aquatic plant planting: Fill the through holes of multi-layer single-sided permeable bricks with nutrient soil and plant aquatic plants to prevent soil erosion and blockage of permeable brick pores. At the same time, it reinforces the slopes of ditches, improves the ecological environment, and enhances the long-term stability and self-purification ability of the system.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention provides a method for ecological cycle restoration of farmland water storage ditches in hilly areas. By introducing oxygenated water into permeable blocks of single-sided permeable bricks laid in the ditch, microbial chambers are embedded on both sides of the permeable blocks. The oxygenated water flow drives the small molecule nutrients in the chambers to penetrate directionally into the micro-zones of plant roots, while root exudates are transported to the microbial chambers. This achieves bidirectional nutrient exchange between plants and microorganisms, solving the problem that existing microbial carriers cannot fully contact plant roots, resulting in low removal efficiency of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in ditches.

[0031] 2. The present invention provides a method for ecological cycle restoration of farmland water storage ditches in hilly areas. The gravitational potential energy generated by the elevation difference in hilly areas is converted into kinetic energy to drive a reciprocating moving mechanism to move back and forth. The reciprocating moving mechanism drives the flexible cloth at the bottom of the ditch to generate wave-shaped vibration, breaking the cohesion between the sediment particles, so that the sediment moves directionally towards the sediment collection trough with the wave, greatly reducing the workload of dredging operations, requiring no additional energy consumption, adapting to the complex terrain of hilly areas, and realizing continuous and stable routine dredging of ditches.

[0032] 3. The present invention provides a method for ecologically circulating restoration ditches in farmland in hilly areas. Through a circulation mechanism, water flows through the top and bottom ecological restoration ponds and several ditches. The closed-loop water circulation mode can realize the internal recycling of water resources without the need for continuous replenishment of new water. It is especially suitable for water-scarce areas or remote hilly areas. It is also conducive to maintaining the stability of the ecological community, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and enhancing the system's resistance to shock loads, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the invention and constitute a part of this invention, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of a water-retaining ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a single-sided permeable brick structure in a water-retaining ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas, as described in this invention.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a single-sided permeable brick in a water-retaining ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas, as described in this invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ditch structure in a water-storage ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas, as described in this invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the diversion channel structure in a water-storage ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a top view of a cascading aeration mechanism in a water-storage ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas, as described in this invention.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the dredging mechanism in a water-storage ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas, as described in this invention.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the reciprocating moving unit structure in a water-storage ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the circulation mechanism structure in a water-storage ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas according to the present invention.

[0043] Among them, 1-ditch, 2-single-sided permeable brick, 3-waterproof block, 4-permeable block, 5-through hole, 6-microbial chamber, 7-measuring groove, 8-pipe, 9-cascade step, 10-main guide pipe, 11-diversion channel, 12-first side diversion pipe, 13-second side diversion pipe, 14-diversion plate, 15-flexible cloth, 16-first moving rod, 17-rotating shaft, 18-blade, 19-first support, 20-crank, 21-second moving rod, 22-second support, 23-sludge collection trough, 24-top ecological restoration pool, 25-bottom ecological restoration pool, 26-first circulation pipe, 27-second circulation pipe, 28-circulating water pump, 29-third circulation pipe, 30-ecological interception ditch, 31-solar panel, 32-water circulation controller, 33-sprinkler irrigation system, 34-fixed anchor, 35-three-dimensional mesh mat. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0045] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A water-retaining ecological cycle restoration ditch system for farmland in hilly areas, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes several ditches 1, each paved with several single-sided permeable bricks 2 arranged in a trapezoidal pattern to enhance the shear strength of the slope soil. Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of single-sided permeable bricks 2 include waterproof blocks 3 and permeable blocks 4. The waterproof blocks 3 are fixedly connected to the sidewall of the ditch 1. The permeable blocks 4 are provided with through holes 5, which are filled with nutrient soil. Aquatic plants are planted on the nutrient soil. The permeable blocks 4 of the single-sided permeable bricks 2 themselves have pores, and water in the ditch 1 will seep through these pores to the sidewall of the through holes 5, directly wetting the nutrient soil filled in the through holes 5, providing water for the roots of the aquatic plants. Figure 3As shown, the permeable block 4 has a microbial cavity 6 inside, and several pipes 8 are connected to one side of the permeable block 4. The pipes 8 guide water flow to the permeable block 4, and the continuous porous structure of the permeable block 4 enables water infiltration and diffusion. Through the exchange of small molecule nutrients carried by the water flow between aquatic plants in the microbial cavity 6 and the through holes 5 of the permeable block 4, the flow of water accelerates the diffusion process of small molecules, avoiding their retention due to gravity sedimentation or adsorption. This ensures that small molecules are continuously carried by the water flow and transported to the microbial cavity 6 or plant roots, solving the problem that microbial secretions are difficult to efficiently reach plant roots and that plant root secretions are difficult to be utilized by microorganisms. This significantly improves the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the ecological ditch. Several side channels 7 are provided on both sides of the ditch 1. The side channels 7 are connected to permeable blocks 4 through several pipes 8. The side channels 7 are connected to a cascading aeration mechanism set on the slope. The cascading aeration mechanism guides the water flow in the upper-level ditch 1 or the water flow in the top ecological restoration pool 24 to flow downward under the influence of gravitational potential energy through the third circulation pipe 29, and then flows into the side channels 7. After passing through several pipes 8, it continuously flows into the permeable blocks 4. Through the flow of water, small molecules are carried in the microbial cavity and plant roots, thereby realizing the efficient exchange of nutrients between microorganisms and plants. This solves the technical problem of low contact between microorganisms and plant roots and low nutrient transfer efficiency, and greatly improves the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the ditch 1.

[0048] In some embodiments, the microbial cavity 6 is embedded on both sides of the through hole 5 of the permeable block 4. After the microorganisms are premixed and activated with the porous packing material, they are filled into the microbial cavity 6 to achieve rapid colonization of microorganisms.

[0049] In some embodiments, the porous filler can be ceramsite, zeolite, biochar, or polyurethane sponge.

[0050] In some embodiments, the microorganisms may be a complex of nitrosomonas, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Bacillus subtilis, and actinomycetes.

[0051] In some embodiments, the waterproof block 3 is a bentonite composite waterproof material that expands upon contact with water to form a waterproof layer to prevent water from seeping into the slope, and the permeable block 4 is permeable concrete that forms a continuous porous structure to ensure water permeability.

[0052] In some embodiments, filter screens are provided at the connection points between the plurality of side channels 7 and the plurality of pipes 8 to pre-filter the water flowing into the pipes and ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the cascading oxygenation mechanism includes an oxygenation component and a diversion component. The oxygenation component includes several cascading steps 9, which are located within the main flow pipe 10. The inlet end of the main flow pipe 10 is connected to the third circulation pipe 29. Water exceeding the height of the ditch 1 can flow freely into the main flow pipe 10 without additional power. The several cascading steps 9 are arranged sequentially along the slope of the main flow pipe 10, which increases the oxygen content of the water. The oxygenated water is further introduced into the permeable block to contact aquatic plants and microorganisms. This provides sufficient dissolved oxygen for aerobic functional bacteria such as nitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria, improves the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, inhibits the reproduction of anaerobic putrefactive bacteria to avoid black and smelly ditches, improves the aeration conditions of the nutrient soil, prevents plant roots from rotting due to lack of oxygen, promotes the secretion of organic acids and other organic matter from the roots to feed microorganisms, and can also flush out suspended particles in the pores of the permeable block, decompose organic impurities, prevent pore blockage, and maintain the permeability of the permeable block 4.

[0054] In some embodiments, the height of the cascading steps 9 is 0.2-0.5m.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the diversion assembly includes a flow guide trough 11, which is connected to the outlet of the main flow pipe 10. The bottom of the flow guide trough 11 is connected to a first side flow guide pipe 12 and a second side flow guide pipe 13. A flow divider plate 14 is provided inside the flow guide trough 11. The inlets of the first side flow guide pipe 12 and the second side flow guide pipe 13 are located on both sides of the flow divider plate 14. When the water flows into the flow guide trough, it is diverted by the flow divider plate. The outlets of the first side flow guide pipe 12 and the second side flow guide pipe 13 are respectively connected to the side channels 7 on both sides of the ditch 1, so as to realize the synchronous improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency on both sides of the ditch.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] Based on Example 1, such as Figure 7 As shown, it also includes a dredging mechanism, which includes a rotating component and a dredging component. The dredging component includes a reciprocating moving unit and a flexible cloth 15. The flexible cloth 15 is laid flat on the bottom of the ditch 1 and its two ends are fixedly connected to the bottom of the ditch 1. A first moving rod 16 is connected to the middle of the flexible cloth 15. The first moving rod 16 is connected to the reciprocating moving unit. When the rotating component rotates, it drives the reciprocating moving unit to drive the first moving rod 16 to make a linear reciprocating motion. The flexible cloth 15 forms a periodic wave-like vibration. The vibration breaks the adhesion of the silt particles and at the same time drives the water to form local turbulence, reducing the sedimentation and accumulation of silt. The silt collection troughs 23 at both ends of the ditch 1 are set at the lowest point of the wave-shaped structure, and the trough opening is slightly lower than the bottom plane of the ditch 1. When the silt on the flexible cloth 15 migrates to both ends with the vibration, it will fall into the silt collection trough 23 under the action of gravity and be collected. This facilitates the centralized collection and cleaning of silt and greatly reduces the workload and time cost of dredging operations.

[0058] In some embodiments, the flexible fabric 15 can be a polyester fiber composite PVC fabric or a rubber fiber fabric.

[0059] In some embodiments, the horizontal angle between the first movable rod 16 and the two ends of the flexible cloth 15 is 15-30°.

[0060] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the rotating component includes a rotating shaft 17, on which a plurality of blades 18 are arranged in a ring. The water flow falls from the first side guide pipe 12 and impacts the plurality of blades 18 on the rotating shaft 17 in a directional manner. Finally, as the plurality of blades 18 rotate, the water flows into a plurality of side grooves 7. The gravitational potential energy of the water flow drives the rotating shaft 17 to rotate around itself. The rotating shaft 17 is rotatably connected to the first support 19, driving the dredging mechanism to achieve normalized and continuous dredging.

[0061] In some embodiments, the blade 18 directly below the first side guide tube 12 is a downwardly concave arc-shaped structure.

[0062] In some embodiments, the arc-shaped central angle of the plurality of blades 18 is 120-150°. This angle range ensures that the water flow can be stably received and can be guided along the arc surface to the permeable block area below, avoiding water flow scattering.

[0063] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, the reciprocating moving unit includes a crank 20 and a second moving rod 21. One end of the second moving rod 21 is hinged to the first moving rod 16. One end of the crank 20 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 17. The other end of the crank 20 is hinged to the other end of the second moving rod 21. When the crank 20 makes a circular motion, the displacement of its end will be transmitted to the second moving rod 21 through the hinge point, forcing the second moving rod 21 to make a reciprocating motion. The force generated by its reciprocating motion will be decomposed into a component force along the length direction of the first moving rod 21. This component force will drive the first moving rod 21 to make a periodic reciprocating motion along the vertical direction of the ditch, thereby pulling the flexible cloth 15 to form a wave-like vibration, realizing the dredging operation.

[0064] Example 3

[0065] Based on Examples 1 and 2, such as Figure 9 As shown, it also includes a circulation mechanism, which includes a top ecological restoration pool 24 located at the highest point of the hill and a bottom ecological restoration pool 25 located at the lowest point.

[0066] The top ecological restoration pond 24 can receive hillside runoff and rainfall, store water, and reduce peak flow to prevent short-term heavy rain from causing scouring of the ditch. At the same time, it can replenish the downstream ditch during the dry season, maintain stable water flow in the system, and ensure the survival environment of microorganisms and aquatic plants. The pond is filled with aquatic plants and microbial fillers to initially intercept and degrade silt, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the hillside runoff, reducing the purification load on the downstream ditch. The natural head formed by the high-level water storage provides power for the directional flow of water in the ditch 1 without the need for additional power, which meets the energy-saving requirements of hillside ecological restoration.

[0067] The bottom ecological restoration pond 25 collects the water that has flowed through the ditch 1. Through the aquatic plants and microorganisms in the pond, the residual nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are deeply degraded to ensure that the effluent water quality meets the standards. It can be directly returned to the ditch 1 for irrigation. At the same time, it can also serve as the final collection point for ditch silt, receiving the accumulated silt and sand. Through static sedimentation, mud and water are separated, which facilitates regular dredging and reduces the maintenance cost of the entire system.

[0068] The top ecological restoration pool 24 is connected to several ditches 1 and the bottom ecological restoration pool 25 through several first circulation pipes 26, and the water in the top ecological restoration pool 24 is transported to several ditches 1 and the bottom ecological restoration pool 25 by gravity.

[0069] The bottom ecological restoration pool 25 is connected to several ditches 1 and the top ecological restoration pool 24 through several second circulation pipes 27. A circulation water pump 28 is provided on the second circulation pipes 27. When the circulation water pump 28 is started, the water in the bottom ecological restoration pool 25 is sequentially transported to several ditches 1 and finally to the top ecological restoration pool 24.

[0070] In some embodiments, the plurality of ditches 1 are also connected to a sprinkler irrigation system 33, which sprays water from the ditches 1 onto the crops.

[0071] In some embodiments, a water circulation controller 32 is also included. The water circulation controller 32 is electrically connected to the circulating water pump 28, controls the start-up and shutdown of the circulating water pump 28 and its operating power, controls the water level in the ditch 1 to remain stable, and ensures the continuous and stable purification effect of the ditch 1 system.

[0072] In some embodiments, the cycle controller 32 and the solar panel 31 are electrically connected.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] Based on Examples 1 to 3, this example proposes a method for ecologically circular restoration of farmland water storage ditches in hilly areas, which is implemented on the aforementioned ecologically circular restoration of farmland water storage ditches in hilly areas. The specific method is as follows:

[0075] Excavation work: Conduct on-site surveys to determine the excavation dimensions of the top ecological restoration pond, the bottom ecological restoration pond, and several ditches. After leveling the land, excavation work will be carried out on the top ecological restoration pond 24, the bottom ecological restoration pond 25, and several ditches 1.

[0076] Ditch construction: Several ditches 1 are laid with multiple layers of single-sided permeable bricks 2 along the vertical direction, with the permeable blocks 4 facing the inside of the ditch and the waterproof blocks 3 attached to the ditch slope.

[0077] Mechanism installation: Several side channels 7 are laid on both sides of ditch 1 for the installation of the drop aeration mechanism and the dredging mechanism;

[0078] Circulation pipeline laying: Excavate pipeline trenches, and connect the first circulation pipeline 26 and the second circulation pipeline 27 to the top ecological restoration pool 24, several ditches 1 and the bottom ecological restoration pool 25 in sequence. Install circulation water pump 28 in the ditch 1 and connect it to the second circulation pipeline 27. Connect the third circulation pipeline 29 to the water inlet of the drop aeration mechanism and the upper-level ditch 1. Finally, backfill the pipeline trench.

[0079] Aquatic plant cultivation: Fill the through holes 5 of the multi-layer single-sided permeable brick 2 with nutrient soil and plant aquatic plants.

[0080] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, an ecological interception ditch 30 is provided at the bottom of the hilly slope. The ecological interception ditch 30 can intercept solid particles such as mud, sand, dead branches and fallen leaves carried by runoff, reduce soil nutrient loss, protect the soil structure of the topsoil layer of farmland, and meet the water and soil conservation needs of sloping farmland in hilly areas.

[0081] In some embodiments, a three-dimensional mesh 35 is laid on the hillside slope. The three-dimensional mesh 35 is fixed to the slope stabilizing soil by fixing anchors 34. The three-dimensional mesh 35 can trap soil particles and vegetation substrates and disperse the scouring force of water flow. The fixing anchors 34 can prevent the three-dimensional mesh from slipping and enhance the integrity of the slope soil, thereby realizing the prevention of soil erosion on the slope and the construction of vegetation growth carrier.

[0082] In some embodiments, the waterproof block 3 and the permeable block 4 of the single-sided permeable brick 2 are detachably connected, which makes it easy to remove the permeable block 4 separately to replace, replant and adjust the varieties of aquatic plants. The dominant plants can be flexibly configured according to the purification needs of different sections of the ditch 1 to ensure the long-term stability of the ecological purification efficiency of the single-sided permeable brick 2.

[0083] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0084] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A hilly farmland water storage type ecological circulation repair ditch system, comprising a plurality of ditches (1), characterized in that, A plurality of single-sided water permeable bricks (2) are laid in the trenches (1), the single-sided water permeable bricks (2) comprise waterproof blocks (3) and water permeable blocks (4), the waterproof blocks (3) are fixedly connected with the side walls of the trenches (1), the water permeable blocks (4) are provided with through holes (5), the through holes (5) are provided with soil for planting aquatic plants, the water permeable blocks (4) are provided with microbial cavities (6), and the water permeable blocks (4) are connected with a plurality of pipelines (8) on one side.

2. The hilly farmland water storage type ecological circulation remediation ditch system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trenches (1) are provided with a plurality of side grooves (7) on both sides, the side grooves (7) are connected through the pipelines (8) and the water permeable blocks (4), the side grooves (7) are connected with a waterfall oxygenation mechanism arranged on the slope surface, the waterfall oxygenation mechanism comprises an oxygenation assembly and a flow distribution assembly, and the oxygenation assembly comprises a plurality of waterfall steps (9) arranged in a main flow guide pipe (10).

3. The hilly farmland water storage type ecological circulation remediation ditch system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow distribution assembly comprises a flow guide groove (11) connected with the outlet of the main flow guide pipe (10), the flow guide groove (11) is connected with a first side flow guide pipe (12) and a second side flow guide pipe (13) at the bottom, the flow guide groove (11) is provided with a flow distribution plate (14), the inlets of the first side flow guide pipe (12) and the second side flow guide pipe (13) are arranged on both sides of the flow distribution plate (14), and the outlets of the first side flow guide pipe (12) and the second side flow guide pipe (13) are connected with the side grooves (7) on both sides of the trenches (1).

4. The hilly farmland water storage type ecological circulation remediation ditch system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising a dredging mechanism, the dredging mechanism comprises a rotating assembly and a dredging assembly, the dredging assembly comprises a reciprocating moving unit and a flexible cloth (15), the flexible cloth (15) is laid on the bottom of the trench (1) and is fixedly connected with both ends of the trench (1), a first moving rod (16) is connected with the middle part of the flexible cloth (15), the first moving rod (16) is connected with the reciprocating moving unit, and the rotating assembly rotates to drive the reciprocating moving unit to drive the first moving rod (16) to move linearly.

5. The hilly farmland water storage type ecological circulation remediation ditch system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The horizontal included angle between the first moving rod (16) and the flexible cloth (15) is 15-30°.

6. The hilly farmland water storage type ecological circulation remediation ditch system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating assembly comprises a rotating shaft (17), a plurality of blades (18) are arranged in an annular array on the rotating shaft (17), and the water flow can flow into the plurality of side grooves (7) from the first side flow guide pipe (12) through the plurality of blades (18).

7. The hilly farmland water storage type ecological circulation remediation ditch system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The blade (18) directly below the first side flow guide pipe (12) is in a downwardly recessed arc structure.

8. The hilly farmland water storage type ecological circulation remediation ditch system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reciprocating moving unit comprises a crank (20) and a second moving rod (21), one end of the second moving rod (21) is hinged to the first moving rod (16), one end of the crank (20) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (17), and the other end of the crank (20) is hinged to the other end of the second moving rod (21).

9. The hilly region farmland water storage type ecological circulation remediation ditch system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Further comprising a circulating mechanism, the circulating mechanism comprises a top ecological restoration pool (24) arranged at the highest position of the hills and a bottom ecological restoration pool (25) arranged at the lowest position of the hills. The top ecological restoration pool (24) is communicated with the several ditches (1) and the bottom ecological restoration pool (25) through the several first circulating pipelines (26), and is used for conveying water flow in the top ecological restoration pool (24) to the several ditches (1) and the bottom ecological restoration pool (25); The bottom ecological restoration pool (25) is communicated with the several ditches (1) and the top ecological restoration pool (24) through the several second circulating pipelines (27), and a circulating water pump (28) is arranged on the second circulating pipeline (27), and the circulating water pump (28) is used for conveying water flow in the bottom ecological restoration pool (25) to the several ditches (1) and the top ecological restoration pool (24).

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The specific method is as follows: Excavation operation: after the land is leveled, the top ecological restoration pool (24), the bottom ecological restoration pool (25) and the several ditches (1) are excavated; Ditch construction: the several ditches (1) are laid in multiple layers of single-face water permeable bricks (2) along the vertical height direction, the water permeable blocks (4) face the inner side of the ditch, and the waterproof blocks (3) are attached to the ditch slope; Mechanism installation: the several side grooves (7) are laid on both sides of the ditch (1), and the water falling and oxygen increasing mechanism and the dredging mechanism are installed; Circulating pipeline laying: the pipeline ditch is excavated, the first circulating pipeline (26) and the second circulating pipeline (27) are connected to the top ecological restoration pool (24), the several ditches (1) and the bottom ecological restoration pool (25), the circulating water pump (28) is installed in the ditch (1) and connected to the second circulating pipeline (27), the third circulating pipeline (29) is connected to the water inlet end of the water falling and oxygen increasing mechanism and the several ditches (1), and finally the pipeline ditch is backfilled; Aquatic plant planting: the nutrient soil is filled in the through hole (5) of the multiple layers of single-face water permeable bricks (2), and the aquatic plants are planted.

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