Spindle fracture detection device for offshore wind turbine unit

Abstract

The invention discloses an offshore wind turbine unit main shaft fracture detection device, and relates to the technical field of wind power equipment safety protection. The device comprises a hoop assembly, the hoop assembly is fixed to the position, close to a bearing seat, of a main shaft, disc assemblies are arranged on the hoop assembly in a sliding and sleeving mode and are pre-tightened by an elastic pre-tightening assembly, a braking pull rope assembly is connected with the two disc assemblies and is close to the main shaft, a stable supporting assembly is fixed to the bottom face of a cabin and sleeves the main shaft, and an anti-rotation locking assembly penetrates through the hoop assembly and can abut against the main shaft. The hoop assembly is provided with a control switch. When the main shaft is broken, the braking pull rope assembly is wound around the broken position to achieve temporary transmission and braking, the disc assembly is close to and triggers the anti-rotation locking assembly to abut against the main shaft, and the control switch is pressed to achieve alarming and braking linkage. The device is of a pure mechanical structure, is high in offshore salt mist resistance and extreme weather resistance, can maintain operation temporarily after being broken, guarantees the safety of a unit, and strives for time for maintenance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of offshore wind turbine safety monitoring and protection, in particular to a main shaft fracture detection device for offshore wind turbine. BACKGROUND

[0002] Offshore wind turbines have become an important direction for the development of renewable energy due to their abundant wind energy resources and non-land resource occupation. The main shaft, as the core transmission component of offshore wind turbines, is connected to the blades through the mounting head 2 at one end and connected to the speed reducer through the coupling 3 at the other end. It is rotatably fixed to the inner bottom surface of the cabin through two bearing seats 1. The main shaft region between the two bearing seats 1 becomes a high fracture site due to long-term bearing of variable load, bending moment and torque.

[0003] The offshore environment is harsh, salt spray corrosion accelerates the fatigue damage of the main shaft, and maintenance personnel have difficulty in reaching the scene in time under extreme weather such as typhoons. If the main shaft breaks and is not handled in time, the blade side main shaft will rotate at high speed due to inertia, causing damage to the cabin support structure, and even causing the unit to overturn. The existing main shaft detection device relies on electronic sensors (such as vibration sensors and ultrasonic flaw detectors), which are prone to signal attenuation or short circuit in high humidity and salt spray environment at sea, have poor reliability, and most devices only have detection and alarm functions, lack temporary braking and transmission maintenance capabilities after fracture, and cannot gain time for maintenance.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device with a pure mechanical structure, strong resistance to harsh environments, fracture detection, temporary braking, anti-rotation locking and alarm linkage functions to solve the safety hazards and maintenance lag problems after the main shaft of the offshore wind turbine breaks.

[0005] SUMMARY

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] The utility model provides a kind of offshore wind turbine main shaft fracture detection device, including main shaft, the main shaft is rotatably fixed on two bearing seats by bearing, the bearing seat is fixed on the bottom surface in wind turbine cabin, main shaft one end extends out wind turbine cabin and is fixed with the installation head of installation blade, the other end is fixed with the coupling connected with speed reducer transmission shaft, main shaft is installed between the bearing seat of two described main shaft fracture detection device, it is characterized by: the main shaft fracture detection device includes hoop assembly, disc assembly, anti-rotation locking assembly, stable support assembly, brake pull rope assembly and elastic pre-tightening assembly, the hoop assembly is equipped with two, is fixedly sleeved on the main shaft close to two bearing seats respectively, annular groove is opened in the outer circle surface of hoop assembly, and the one end close to disc assembly of hoop assembly is fixed with control switch, the disc assembly is equipped with two, is slidably sleeved in two hoop assemblies, two disc assemblies are pre-tightened to the direction close to two bearing seats by elastic pre-tightening assembly respectively, the brake pull rope assembly is connected between two disc assemblies, and close to the outer surface of main shaft, the stable support assembly is fixed on the bottom surface in wind turbine cabin, is coaxially sleeved on the main shaft between two disc assemblies, the anti-rotation locking assembly is equipped with two, is radially penetrated in two hoop assemblies, can be radially pressed to the main shaft under the trigger of stable support assembly.

[0008] Preferably, the hoop assembly is fixed on the main shaft by bolts, and a sliding groove is formed on the outer side of the hoop assembly for the anti-rotation locking assembly to pass through and slide axially along the hoop assembly. The elastic pre-tightening assembly includes a fixed plate and a fixed block fixed on both sides of the hoop assembly, a first guide rod is transversely provided through the fixed block, the first guide rod is slidably connected with the fixed block, one end of the first guide rod is threadedly connected with the fixed plate, and the other end of the first guide rod is fixed with a nut, and a first spring is sleeved on the first guide rod.

[0009] Preferably, the disc assembly is formed by two first semicircular rings spliced by bolts, and a semicircular guide plate is fixed on the inner arc surface of each of the two first semicircular rings, the semicircular guide plate is arranged in the annular groove and slidably connected with the annular groove, a plurality of rib plates are uniformly fixed between the outer arc surface of the semicircular guide plate and the side wall of the first semicircular ring, two first guide cylinders are symmetrically provided through the side wall of the first semicircular ring, the first guide cylinder is fixedly connected with the first semicircular ring, the first guide rod passes through the first guide cylinder and is slidably connected with the first guide cylinder, and the first spring is located between the first guide cylinder and the fixed block.

[0010] Preferably, the first semicircular ring side wall is fixed with a mounting plate through a connecting rod, the mounting plate side wall is fixed with a mounting ring, the brake pull rope assembly includes two steel wire ropes, and the two ends of the steel wire ropes are fixedly connected with the corresponding two mounting rings of the two disc assemblies through rope end locks.

[0011] Preferably, the anti-rotation locking assembly comprises four top rods radially slidingly mounted on the first semicircular ring side wall, the top rods are provided opposite to the outer wall of the main shaft through the sliding slot towards one end of the hoop assembly, the top rod is fixed with a trapezoidal block away from one end of the hoop assembly, the trapezoidal block is fixed with a second guide rod towards one side of the hoop assembly, the end of the second guide rod is fixed with a check ring, a second guide cylinder is slidingly sleeved on the second guide rod, the second guide cylinder is fixed on the first semicircular ring side wall, and a second spring is fixed between the second guide cylinder and the trapezoidal block, and the second spring is sleeved on the second guide rod.

[0012] Preferably, the anti-rotation locking assembly further comprises a first circular ring, the first circular ring is spliced by two second semicircular rings through bolts, two second semicircular rings are respectively fixed with third semicircular rings towards one side of the disc assembly, the third semicircular rings are coaxially arranged with the first circular ring, and the third semicircular rings are provided with inclined surfaces matched with the inclined surfaces of the trapezoidal blocks towards one side of the disc assembly, a plurality of third guide rods are uniformly fixed on the first circular ring towards one side of the disc assembly, the third guide rods are threadedly connected with the first circular ring, and the third guide rods are penetrated through the first semicircular ring and fixed with nuts towards one end of the disc assembly, and the third guide rods are slidingly connected with the first semicircular ring.

[0013] Preferably, the stable supporting assembly comprises a first cylinder body, a second cylinder body and a fixing seat, the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body are coaxially arranged with the main shaft, the second cylinder body is rotatably arranged in the first cylinder body through a bearing, and limit rings are respectively attached to the two sides of the second cylinder body, the limit rings are fixed in the first cylinder body, the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body are spliced by two semicircular plates through bolts, and the first cylinder body is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the wind turbine cabin through the fixing seat.

[0014] Preferably, four third guide cylinders are uniformly fixed on the inner wall of the second cylinder body, the axis of the third guide cylinder is parallel to the axis of the main shaft, a cross rod is slidingly sleeved in the third guide cylinder, contact plates are respectively fixed on the two ends of the cross rod, the distance between the two first circular rings is the same, and anti-skid pads are fixed on the side of the contact plates towards the first circular rings, two stop rings are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the third guide cylinder, the stop rings are fixed on the cross rod, third springs are arranged between the two ends of the third guide cylinder and the two stop rings, and the third springs are sleeved on the cross rod.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0016] 1. Pure mechanical structure, anti-severe environment: no electronic components, core parts are made of stainless steel, 45# steel and corrosion-resistant materials, the surface is treated with anti-corrosion, can resist sea salt spray, temperature difference and strong vibration, long service life, prolongs the maintenance period.

[0017] 2. Double protection after fracture: the steel wire rope not only realizes temporary braking, but also maintains partial transmission, avoids immediate shutdown of the unit, and gains time for maintenance in extreme weather at sea;

[0018] 3. Multiple locking and stabilization: the anti-rotation locking assembly prevents relative rotation of the hoop and the main shaft, and the stable support assembly limits axial sliding of the disc, ensuring stability of braking and detection, and avoiding false triggering;

[0019] 4. Rapid linkage response: the response time from main shaft fracture to alarm and brake triggering is short, the main shaft rotation speed can be quickly controlled, and secondary damage is prevented;

[0020] 5. Convenient installation and maintenance: all components are of split structure (such as the hoop, the semicircular disc, and the semicircular cylinder), which can be installed without disassembling the main shaft, and only damaged parts (such as the steel wire rope and the spring) need to be replaced during maintenance, thus reducing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure described in the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 is an exploded view of part of the structure described in the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure described in the present application Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of A in the structure described in the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 is a perspective view of the stable support assembly in the structure described in the present application.

[0025] In the figure: bearing seat 1, mounting head 2, shaft coupling 3, hoop assembly 4, disc assembly 5, anti-rotation locking assembly 6, stable support assembly 7, brake pull rope assembly 8, parts including steel wire rope 8-1, rope end lock 8-2, annular groove 9, fixed plate 10, fixed block 11, first spring 12, sliding groove 13, control switch 14, first guide rod 15, first semicircular ring 16, first guide cylinder 17, connecting rod 18, mounting plate 19, mounting ring 20, semicircular guide plate 21, jacking rod 22, trapezoidal block 23, rib plate 24, second guide cylinder 25, second guide rod 26, check ring 27, second spring 28, first circular ring 29, second semicircular ring 29-1, third guide rod 30, third semicircular ring 31, first cylinder 32, fixed seat 33, second cylinder 34, third guide cylinder 35, crossbar 36, contact plate 37, limit ring 38, retaining ring 39, third spring 40. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments:

[0027] As Figure 1 ,Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 The utility model provides a kind of offshore wind turbine main shaft fracture detection device, including main shaft, the main shaft is rotationally fixed on two bearing seats 1 by bearing, the bearing seat 1 is fixed on the bottom surface in wind turbine cabin, main shaft one end extends out wind turbine cabin and is fixed with the installation head 2 of installation blade, the other end is fixed with the coupling 3 connected with speed reducer transmission shaft, and main shaft fracture detection device is installed on the main shaft between two bearing seats 1, it is characterized by: the main shaft fracture detection device includes hoop assembly 4, disc assembly 5, anti-rotation locking assembly 6, stable support assembly 7, brake pull rope assembly 8 and elastic pre-tightening assembly, hoop assembly 4 is equipped with two, is fixedly sleeved on the main shaft close to two bearing seats 1 respectively, annular groove 9 is opened in the outer circle surface of hoop assembly 4, and control switch 14 is fixed on the end of hoop assembly 4 close to disc assembly 5, disc assembly 5 is equipped with two, is slidably sleeved on two hoop assembly 4 respectively, two disc assembly 5 is pre-tightened to the direction close to two bearing seats 1 by elastic pre-tightening assembly respectively, brake pull rope assembly 8 is connected between two disc assembly 5, and close to the outer surface of main shaft, stable support assembly 7 is fixed on the bottom surface in wind turbine cabin, is coaxially sleeved on the main shaft between two disc assembly 5, anti-rotation locking assembly 6 is equipped with two, is radially penetrated in two hoop assembly 4 respectively, can be radially pressed to the main shaft under the trigger of stable support assembly 7.

[0028] Hoop assembly 4 is fixed on the main shaft by bolt, sliding slot 13 is opened on the outer side of hoop assembly 4 for anti-rotation locking assembly 6 to pass through and slide along the axial direction of hoop assembly 4, the elastic pre-tightening assembly includes fixed plate 10 and fixed block 11 fixed on the two sides of hoop assembly 4 respectively, first guide rod 15 is transversely penetrated on the fixed block 11, the first guide rod 15 is slidably connected with the fixed block 11, one end of the first guide rod 15 is threadedly connected with the fixed plate 10, the other end is fixed with a nut, and the first spring 12 is sleeved on the first guide rod 15.

[0029] Disc assembly 5 is spliced by two first half circular rings 16 by bolt, semicircular guide plate 21 is fixed on the inner arc surface of two first half circular rings 16 respectively, the semicircular guide plate 21 is arranged in annular groove 9 and slidably connected with it, a plurality of rib plates 24 are uniformly fixed between the outer arc surface of semicircular guide plate 21 and the side wall of first half circular ring 16, two first guide cylinders 17 are symmetrically penetrated on the side wall of first half circular ring 16, the first guide cylinder 17 is fixedly connected with the first half circular ring 16, and the first guide rod 15 passes through the first guide cylinder 17 and is slidably connected with it, and the first spring 12 is located between the first guide cylinder 17 and the fixed block 11.

[0030] The first semicircle ring 16 side wall is fixed with a mounting plate 19 through a connecting rod 18, the mounting plate 19 side wall is fixed with a mounting ring 20, the brake pull rope assembly 8 comprises two steel wire ropes 8-1, the two ends of the steel wire rope 8-1 are fixedly connected with the corresponding two mounting rings 20 of the two disc assemblies 5 through rope end locks 8-2 respectively.

[0031] The anti-rotation locking assembly 6 comprises four top rods 22 radially slidingly installed on the side wall of the first semicircle ring 16, the top rod 22 penetrates the sliding groove 13 and is oppositely arranged with the outer wall of the main shaft towards one end of the hoop assembly 4, the top rod 22 is fixed with a trapezoidal block 23 away from one end of the hoop assembly 4, the trapezoidal block 23 is fixed with a second guide rod 26 towards one side of the hoop assembly 4, the second guide rod 26 is fixedly provided with a check ring 27 at the end, a second guide cylinder 25 is slidingly sleeved on the second guide rod 26, the second guide cylinder 25 is fixed on the side wall of the first semicircle ring 16, and a second spring 28 is fixed between the second guide cylinder 25 and the trapezoidal block 23, and the second spring 28 is sleeved on the second guide rod 26.

[0032] The anti-rotation locking assembly 6 further comprises a first circular ring 29, the first circular ring 29 is spliced by two second semicircle rings 29-1 through bolts, the two second semicircle rings 29-1 are fixed with third semicircle rings 31 respectively towards one side of the disc assembly 5, the third semicircle ring 31 is coaxially arranged with the first circular ring 29, and the third semicircle ring 31 is provided with an inclined surface matching the inclined surface of the trapezoidal block 23 towards one side of the disc assembly 5, a plurality of third guide rods 30 are uniformly fixed on the first circular ring 29 towards one side of the disc assembly 5, the third guide rod 30 is threadedly connected with the first circular ring 29, the third guide rod 30 penetrates the first semicircle ring 16 and is fixed with a nut towards one end of the disc assembly 5, and the third guide rod 30 is slidingly connected with the first semicircle ring 16.

[0033] The stable support assembly 7 comprises a first cylinder 32, a second cylinder 34 and a fixing seat 33, the first cylinder 32 and the second cylinder 34 are coaxially arranged with the main shaft, the second cylinder 34 is rotatably arranged in the first cylinder 32 through a bearing, the second cylinder 34 is respectively attached with a limiting ring 38 on both sides, the limiting ring 38 is fixed in the first cylinder 32, the first cylinder 32 and the second cylinder 34 are spliced by two semicircle plates through bolts, and the first cylinder 32 is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the wind turbine cabin through the fixing seat 33.

[0034] The inner wall of the second cylinder 34 is uniformly fixed with four third guide cylinders 35, the axis of the third guide cylinder 35 is parallel to the axis of the main shaft, the third guide cylinder 35 is slidably sleeved with a cross bar 36, the two ends of the cross bar 36 are respectively fixed with contact plates 37, the distance between the two contact plates 37 and the two first annular rings 29 is the same, and the anti-skid pads are fixed on the side of the contact plate 37 facing the first annular ring 29, the two sides of the third guide cylinder 35 are symmetrically provided with two blocking rings 39, the blocking ring 39 is fixedly sleeved on the cross bar 36, the third spring 40 is arranged between the two ends of the third guide cylinder 35 and the two blocking rings 39, and the third spring 40 is sleeved on the cross bar 36.

[0035] Working principle:

[0036] 1. Normal operation state of the main shaft:

[0037] The clamp assembly 4 is fixed on the main shaft by bolts, the disc assembly 5 slides along the annular groove 9 to the bearing seat 1 under the pre-tightening force of the first spring 12, and maintains a gap of 5-10mm with the bearing seat 1; the steel wire rope 8-1 is close to the outer surface of the main shaft (gap 1-2mm), without contacting the main shaft, without affecting the normal rotation of the main shaft; the second spring 28 is in a natural state, the top rod 22 maintains a gap of 2-3mm with the main shaft, and the anti-rotation locking assembly 6 is not triggered; the button of the control switch 14 is not pressed, and the alarm and brake system is in standby state.

[0038] 2. Main shaft fracture triggering state.

[0039] When the main shaft is broken between the two bearing seats 1, the broken part is divided into a left segment (connected with the mounting head 2) and a right segment (connected with the shaft coupling 3).

[0040] Temporary braking and transmission maintenance: the left clamp assembly 4 rotates with the left segment of the main shaft, the right clamp assembly 4 is static with the right segment of the main shaft, the steel wire rope 8-1 is spirally wound at the broken part due to the speed difference between the two ends, on the one hand, it hinders the high-speed rotation of the left segment of the main shaft (braking effect), on the other hand, it temporarily transmits part of the torque through the tension of the steel wire rope 8-1, maintains the low-speed operation of the unit, and avoids immediate shutdown.

[0041] Disc assembly close: during the winding process of the steel wire rope 8-1, the two disc assemblies 5 are pulled to overcome the pre-tightening force of the first spring 12 and move closer to each other, the disc assembly 5 slides along the annular groove 9 until the inner side of the disc assembly 5 is in close contact with the contact plate 37 of the stable support assembly 7.

[0042] Stable support and anti-rotation trigger: two disc assemblies 5 extrude contact plate 37, so that crossbar 36 bears the thrust from two disc assemblies 5, crossbar 36 limits disc assemblies 5 to continue to approach, thereby preventing the hoop assembly 4 from sliding along the main shaft in the axial direction under the huge tension generated during the winding of the steel wire rope 8-1 on the main shaft, at the same time, the contact plate 37 pushes the first circular ring 29 to move towards the trapezoidal block 23, the inclined surface of the third semicircular ring 31 extrudes the inclined surface of the trapezoidal block 23, so that the top rod 22 overcomes the elastic force of the second spring 28 and moves radially, finally, the top rod 22 is tightly pressed against the outer surface of the main shaft, preventing the hoop assembly 4 from rotating relative to the main shaft.

[0043] Alarm and brake linkage: during the sliding of disc assembly 5 under the tension of the steel wire rope, press the button of control switch 14, after the control switch 14 is triggered, send a fracture alarm to the background computer through the alarm signal line, and at the same time, send an instruction to the hydraulic brake system of the wind turbine through the hydraulic brake instruction line, so that the hydraulic brake pad tightly grips the main shaft (close to the side of the speed reducer), achieving the main shaft deceleration until stopping.

[0044] 3. Reset and maintenance

[0045] After troubleshooting, loosen the bolts of the hoop assembly 4, manually pull the disc assembly 5 to reset, the first spring 12, the second spring 28 and the third spring 40 return to the natural state, the top rod 22 is disengaged from the main shaft, the control switch 14 is reset, and the device can be restored to operation after the hoop assembly 4 is re-fixed.

[0046] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the above examples, and the above examples and descriptions in the specification are only to illustrate the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, various changes and improvements can be made to the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A kind of offshore wind generator unit main shaft fracture detection device, including main shaft, the main shaft is rotationally fixed on two bearing seats (1) by bearing, the bearing seat (1) is fixed on the bottom surface in wind turbine cabin, main shaft one end extends out of wind turbine cabin and is fixed with the installation head (2) of installation blade, the other end is fixed with the coupling (3) connected with the transmission shaft of speed reducer, the main shaft between two bearing seats (1) is installed main shaft fracture detection device, it is characterized by: The main shaft fracture detection device comprises a clamp assembly (4), a disc assembly (5), an anti-rotation locking assembly (6), a stable support assembly (7), a brake pull rope assembly (8) and an elastic pre-tightening assembly, the clamp assembly (4) is provided with two clamp assemblies (4) which are fixedly sleeved on the main shafts near the two bearing seats (1), the outer ring surface of the clamp assembly (4) is provided with an annular groove (9), and the end of the clamp assembly (4) near the disc assembly (5) is fixedly provided with a control switch (14); the disc assembly (5) is provided with two disc assemblies (5) which are slidably sleeved on the two clamp assemblies (4), and the two disc assemblies (5) are pre-tightened to the direction of the two bearing seats (1) through the elastic pre-tightening assembly; the brake pull rope assembly (8) is connected between the two disc assemblies (5) and is close to the outer surface of the main shaft; the stable support assembly (7) is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the wind turbine cabin, is located between the two disc assemblies (5) and is coaxially sleeved on the main shaft; the anti-rotation locking assembly (6) is provided with two anti-rotation locking assemblies (6) which are radially penetrated through the two clamp assemblies (4) and can be radially pressed against the main shaft under the triggering of the stable support assembly (7).

2. The offshore wind turbine main shaft breakage detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The clamp assembly (4) is fixed on the main shaft through bolts, and the outer side of the clamp assembly (4) is provided with a sliding groove (13) for the anti-rotation locking assembly (6) to penetrate through and slide along the clamp assembly (4) in the axial direction; the elastic pre-tightening assembly comprises a fixed plate (10) and a fixed block (11) which are fixed on the two sides of the clamp assembly (4) respectively; the fixed block (11) is transversely penetrated through a first guide rod (15); the first guide rod (15) is slidably connected with the fixed block (11); one end of the first guide rod (15) is threadedly connected with the fixed plate (10), and the other end is fixedly provided with a nut; and the first spring (12) is sleeved on the first guide rod (15).

3. The offshore wind turbine main shaft breakage detection apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The disc assembly (5) is formed by boltedly connecting two first semicircular rings (16); the inner arc surfaces of the two first semicircular rings (16) are respectively fixedly provided with semicircular guide plates (21); the semicircular guide plates (21) are arranged in the annular groove (9) and are slidably connected with the annular groove (9); the outer arc surfaces of the semicircular guide plates (21) and the side walls of the first semicircular rings (16) are uniformly fixedly provided with a plurality of rib plates (24); the side walls of the first semicircular rings (16) are symmetrically penetrated through two first guide cylinders (17); the first guide cylinders (17) are fixedly connected with the first semicircular rings (16); the first guide rod (15) penetrates through the first guide cylinders (17) and is slidably connected with the first guide cylinders (17); and the first spring (12) is located between the first guide cylinders (17) and the fixed block (11).

4. The offshore wind turbine main shaft breakage detection apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by: The first semicircular rings (16) are fixedly provided with mounting plates (19) on the side walls through connecting rods (18); the side walls of the mounting plates (19) are fixedly provided with mounting rings (20); and the brake pull rope assembly (8) comprises two steel wire ropes (8-1); and the two ends of the steel wire ropes (8-1) are respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding two mounting rings (20) of the two disc assemblies (5) through rope end locks (8-2).

5. The offshore wind turbine main shaft breakage detection apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by: The anti-rotation locking assembly (6) comprises four top rods (22) radially slidingly installed on the side wall of the first semicircle ring (16), the top rods (22) are provided opposite to the outer wall of the main shaft at one end of the hoop assembly (4) penetrating the sliding slot (13), the top rods (22) are fixed with trapezoidal blocks (23) at the other end away from the hoop assembly (4), the trapezoidal blocks (23) are fixed with second guide rods (26) at one side towards the hoop assembly (4), the second guide rods (26) are fixed with stop rings (27) at the end portions, the second guide rods (26) are slidingly sleeved with second guide cylinders (25), the second guide cylinders (25) are fixed on the side wall of the first semicircle ring (16), and the second guide cylinders (25) and the trapezoidal blocks (23) are fixed with second springs (28) therebetween, and the second springs (28) are sleeved on the second guide rods (26).

6. The offshore wind turbine main shaft breakage detection apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The anti-rotation locking assembly (6) further comprises a first circular ring (29) formed by two second semicircle rings (29-1) spliced by bolts, the two second semicircle rings (29-1) are fixed with third semicircle rings (31) at one side towards the disc assembly (5) respectively, the third semicircle rings (31) are coaxially provided with the first circular ring (29), and the third semicircle rings (31) are provided with inclined surfaces matching the inclined surfaces of the trapezoidal blocks (23) at one side towards the disc assembly (5), the first circular ring (29) is uniformly fixed with a plurality of third guide rods (30) at one side towards the disc assembly (5), the third guide rods (30) are threadedly connected with the first circular ring (29), the third guide rods (30) penetrate the first semicircle ring (16) at one end towards the disc assembly (5) and are fixed with nuts, and the third guide rods (30) are slidingly connected with the first semicircle ring (16).

7. Offshore wind turbine main shaft breakage detection apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The stable supporting assembly (7) comprises a first cylinder (32), a second cylinder (34) and a fixing base (33), the first cylinder (32) and the second cylinder (34) are coaxially provided with the main shaft, the second cylinder (34) is rotationally arranged in the first cylinder (32) through a bearing, the second cylinder (34) is respectively abutted with limit rings (38) at two sides, the limit rings (38) are fixed in the first cylinder (32), the first cylinder (32) and the second cylinder (34) are formed by two semicircle plates spliced by bolts, and the first cylinder (32) is fixed on the inner bottom surface of the wind turbine cabin through the fixing base (33).

8. Offshore wind turbine main shaft breakage detection apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the second cylinder (34) is uniformly fixed with four third guide cylinders (35), the axis of the third guide cylinder (35) is parallel to the axis of the main shaft, the third guide cylinder (35) is slidably sleeved with a cross bar (36), the two ends of the cross bar (36) are respectively fixed with contact plates (37), the distance between the two contact plates (37) and the two first circular rings (29) is the same, and the contact plate (37) is fixedly provided with a non-slip pad towards the side of the first circular ring (29), the two sides of the third guide cylinder (35) are symmetrically provided with two stop rings (39), the stop ring (39) is fixedly sleeved on the cross bar (36), the two ends of the third guide cylinder (35) are respectively provided with the third spring (40) between the two stop rings (39), and the third spring (40) is sleeved on the cross bar (36).

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