Energy storage device and control method for cooling energy storage device

Abstract

A control method for cooling an energy storage device is disclosed. The control method includes obtaining, by a battery management system (BMS), external air temperature data, charging rate setting data, and noise limit criterion data associated with an energy storage device including a plurality of battery cells, calculating, by the BMS, a first control value for controlling a cooling unit of the energy storage device based on the outside air temperature data and the charging rate setting data, calculating, by the BMS, a second control value for controlling the cooling unit based on the noise limit criterion data, determining, by the BMS, a final control value based on the first control value and the second control value, and outputting the determined final control value by the BMS.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and interest in Korean Application No. 10-2024-0118749, filed on September 2, 2024, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The embodiments relate to an energy storage device and a control method for cooling the energy storage device. Background Technology

[0004] Unlike primary batteries, which are not designed for (re)charging, secondary (or rechargeable) batteries are designed to discharge and be recharged. Low-capacity secondary batteries are used in portable small electronic devices, such as smartphones, feature phones, laptops, digital cameras, and camcorders, while high-capacity secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for driving motors in hybrid and electric vehicles, as well as for storing electricity (e.g., household and / or utility-scale power storage). A secondary battery typically includes an electrode assembly consisting of positive and negative electrodes, a housing, and electrode terminals connected to the electrode assembly.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background section is intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may contain information that does not constitute related (or prior art). Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiment includes a control method for cooling an energy storage device, the control method comprising: obtaining external air temperature data, charge rate setting data, and noise limit standard data associated with an energy storage device comprising multiple battery cells by a battery management system (BMS); calculating a first control value for controlling a cooling unit of the energy storage device based on the external air temperature data and the charge rate setting data by the BMS; calculating a second control value for controlling the cooling unit based on the noise limit standard data by the BMS; determining a final control value by the BMS based on the first control value and the second control value; and outputting the determined final control value by the BMS.

[0007] Determining the final control value may include detecting the temperature of each of the multiple battery cells included in the energy storage device, and determining the first control value as the final control value if the temperature of at least one of the multiple battery cells exceeds a first threshold or the temperature rise rate exceeds a second threshold.

[0008] The output final control value may include an output request for resetting the parameters associated with the second control value.

[0009] Determining the final control value can include detecting a temperature of each of a plurality of battery cells included in the energy storage device, comparing the first control value to a second control value if the temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells is less than or equal to a first threshold and a rate of rise of the temperature is less than or equal to a second threshold, and determining the first control value as the final control value if it is determined that the first control value exceeds the second control value.

[0010] Outputting the final control value can include outputting a reset request for a parameter associated with the first control value.

[0011] Determining the final control value can further include sending, by the BMS, the second control value to the cooling unit if it is determined that the first control value is less than or equal to the second control value, determining, by the cooling unit, a third control value based on the second control value and an operable range of the cooling unit, and determining, by the BMS, the third control value as the final control value.

[0012] Determining the third control value can include detecting an outflow temperature of a cooling fluid flowing through a cooling flowpath of the cooling unit, detecting a pressure of a refrigerant cooling the cooling fluid in a condenser of the cooling unit, and determining the second control value as the third control value if the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid is less than or equal to a third threshold and the pressure of the refrigerant is less than or equal to a fourth threshold.

[0013] Outputting the final control value can include outputting a control request for the cooling unit based on the final control value.

[0014] Determining the third control value can further include calculating a fourth control value based on the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid and the pressure of the refrigerant if the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds the third threshold or the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds the fourth threshold, and determining the fourth control value as the third control value.

[0015] Outputting the final control value can include outputting a reset request for a parameter associated with the first control value.

[0016] Determining the third control value can further include detecting at least one of a rate of rise of a temperature of the cooling fluid and detecting a temperature of the refrigerant.

[0017] The first control value can include a maximum speed control value for a condenser fan included in the cooling unit.

[0018] The outside air temperature data can be measured proximate to a condenser of the cooling unit.

[0019] Embodiments include an energy storage device including a plurality of battery cells, a cooling unit configured to cool the plurality of battery cells, and a battery management system (BMS) configured to control the cooling unit, wherein the BMS is configured to: obtain external air temperature data, charge rate setting data, and noise limit criteria data associated with the energy storage device; calculate a first control value for controlling the cooling unit based on the external air temperature data and the charge rate setting data; calculate a second control value for controlling the cooling unit based on the noise limit criteria data; determine a final control value based on the first control value and the second control value; and output the final control value.

[0020] Determining the final control value can include detecting, by the BMS, a temperature of each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells; and determining, by the BMS, the first control value as the final control value if the temperature of at least one battery cell of the plurality of battery cells exceeds a first threshold or a rate of rise of the temperature exceeds a second threshold.

[0021] Determining the final control value can include detecting, by the BMS, a temperature of each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells; comparing, by the BMS, the first control value to the second control value if the temperature of each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells is less than or equal to a first threshold and a rate of rise of the temperature is less than or equal to a second threshold; and determining, by the BMS, the first control value as the final control value if it is determined that the first control value exceeds the second control value.

[0022] Determining the final control value can further include sending, by the BMS, the second control value to the cooling unit if it is determined that the first control value is less than or equal to the second control value; determining, by the cooling unit, a third control value based on the second control value and an operable range of the cooling unit; and determining, by the BMS, the third control value as the final control value.

[0023] Determining the third control value can include detecting, by the cooling unit, an outflow temperature of a cooling fluid flowing through a cooling flow path of the cooling unit; detecting, by the cooling unit, a pressure of a refrigerant cooling the cooling fluid in a condenser of the cooling unit; and determining, by the cooling unit, the second control value as the third control value if the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid is less than or equal to a third threshold and the pressure of the refrigerant is less than or equal to a fourth threshold.

[0024] Determining the third control value can further include calculating, by the cooling unit, a fourth control value based on the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid and the pressure of the refrigerant if the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds the third threshold or the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds the fourth threshold; and determining, by the cooling unit, the fourth control value as the third control value.

[0025] Determining the third control value can further include at least one of detecting, by the cooling unit, a rate of rise of a temperature of the cooling fluid and detecting, by the cooling unit, a temperature of the refrigerant.

[0026] These and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will be described in or will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] However, aspects and features of the present disclosure are not limited to those described above, and other aspects and features not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the detailed description described below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings, in which features are not to scale, and wherein:

[0029] Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of an energy storage device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 2 is a diagram for describing an output process of a final control value of a control method for cooling an energy storage device performed between a customer, a BMS, and a cooling unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 3 is a diagram for describing an output process of a final control value of a control method for cooling an energy storage device performed between a customer, a BMS, and a cooling unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 4 is a diagram for describing an output process of a final control value of a control method for cooling an energy storage device performed between a customer, a BMS, and a cooling unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 5 is a diagram for describing a process in which a cooling unit determines a third control value according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an energy storage device and a cooling unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of data for calculating a control value of a cooling unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0036] Figure 8 is a flowchart for describing a control method for cooling an energy storage device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey exemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

[0038] In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of layers and regions may be enlarged for clarity. It should also be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being "on" another layer or substrate, it may be directly on that layer or substrate, or there may be intermediate layers. Furthermore, it should be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "below" another layer, it may be directly below that layer, and one or more intermediate layers may be present. Additionally, it should be understood that when a layer is referred to as being "between" two layers, it may be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intermediate layers may be present. The same reference numerals always denote the same elements.

[0039] In the following, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The terms or words used in this specification and claims should not be construed as limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, and should be interpreted in a way consistent with the technical spirit of the present disclosure, based on the principle that the inventor can be his / her own lexicographer to appropriately define the concepts of the terms so as to best interpret his / her disclosure.

[0040] The embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the accompanying drawings are merely some embodiments of this disclosure and do not represent all technical ideas, aspects, and features of this disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that various equivalents and modifications may exist to replace or modify the embodiments described herein at the time of filing this application.

[0041] It should be understood that when a component or layer is described as being "on," "connected to," or "coupled to" another component or layer, it can be directly on, directly connected to, or directly coupled to the other component or layer, or one or more intermediate components or layers may be present. When a component or layer is described as being "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another component or layer, no intermediate components or layers are present. For example, when a first component is described as being "coupled" or "connected" to a second component, the first component can be directly coupled to or connected to the second component, or the first component can be indirectly coupled to or connected to the second component via one or more intermediate components.

[0042] In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of various elements, layers, etc., may be enlarged for clarity. The same reference numerals denote the same elements. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Furthermore, the use of "may" when describing embodiments of this disclosure refers to "one or more embodiments of this disclosure." Expressions such as "at least one of..." and "any one of..." modify the entire list of elements when following it, and do not modify individual elements of the list. When phrases such as "at least one of A, B, and C," "at least one of A, B, or C," "at least one selected from the group consisting of A, B, and C," or "at least one selected from A, B, and C" are used to specify a list of elements A, B, and C, the phrase may refer to any and all suitable combinations or subsets of A, B, and C, such as A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C. As used herein, "use" and "utilized" may be considered synonymous with the terms "exploit" and "utilized," respectively. As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as approximations rather than terms of degree and are intended to explain the inherent variations in measured or calculated values ​​that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0043] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or portions, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or portion from another element, component, region, layer, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments, the first element, component, region, layer, or portion discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or portion.

[0044] For ease of description, this document uses spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “lower,” “above,” “over,” etc., to describe the relationship between one element or feature and another element or feature as shown in the figure. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientation shown in the figure, the spatial relative terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” other elements or features will be oriented as “above” or “over” other elements or features. Therefore, the term “below” can encompass both above and below orientations. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0045] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “an” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that, when used in this specification, the terms “comprising” and / or “including” specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0046] Furthermore, any numerical range disclosed and / or stated herein is intended to include all subranges containing the same numerical precision within the stated range. For example, the range “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the stated minimum value of 1.0 and the stated maximum value of 10.0, i.e., a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit stated herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit stated in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to expressly state any subranges contained within the range expressly stated herein. All such ranges are intended to be described implicitly in this specification.

[0047] Referring to two compared elements, features, etc., as “identical” can mean that they are “substantially identical.” Therefore, the phrase “substantially identical” can include cases where the deviation is considered low in the art (e.g., 5% or less). Furthermore, when a parameter is said to be uniform in a given region, this may mean that it is uniform in terms of average value.

[0048] Throughout this specification, unless otherwise stated, each element may be singular or plural.

[0049] Placing any element "above (or below)" or "on (below)" another element can mean that any element can be positioned to contact the upper (or lower) surface of the element, and that another element can be inserted between the element and any element positioned on (or below) the element.

[0050] Furthermore, it should be understood that when a component is referred to as “linked,” “coupled,” or “connected” to another component, the components may be directly “coupled,” “linked,” or “connected” to each other, or another component may be “inserted” between the components.

[0051] Throughout this specification, when “A and / or B” is stated, it means A, B, or A and B, unless otherwise stated. That is, “and / or” includes any or all combinations of the enumerated items. When “C to D” is stated, it means C or above and D or below, unless otherwise stated.

[0052] In this disclosure, a "control value" is a value related to the cooling performance of the cooling unit, and if the control value is higher than other control values, the cooling performance of the cooling unit operating based on the corresponding control value may be relatively high. If the control value is lower than other control values, the cooling performance of the cooling unit operating based on the corresponding control value may be relatively low.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of an energy storage device 100 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Reference Figure 1 The energy storage device 100 may include a battery cell 110, a BMS (battery management system) 120, and a cooling unit 130.

[0054] The energy storage device 100 can provide space for housing the battery cells 110. For example, multiple battery cells 110 can be stacked within the frame of a battery module in a battery module unit. The battery cells 110 can be connected in series or in parallel with each other within the battery module, and the battery modules can be connected in series or in parallel with each other within the energy storage device 100.

[0055] The energy storage device 100 may include at least one battery module. In one or more embodiments, multiple battery modules may be stacked within a battery pack frame. In one or more other embodiments, the energy storage device 100 may have a structure in which multiple battery cells 110 are stacked in a single cell stack rather than in a battery module or battery pack. The cell stack may be housed within a receiving space of the energy storage device 100, or may be housed within a receiving space partitioned by a frame, partitions, etc.

[0056] The energy storage device 100 may include a battery management system 120 for monitoring multiple battery cells. The battery management system 120 may include a detection device, a balancing device, and a control device.

[0057] The detection device of BMS 120 can sense the state of the battery (voltage, current, temperature, etc.) and detect state information indicating the state of the battery. The detection device can detect the voltage of each battery cell and / or each battery module constituting the energy storage device 100. In addition, the detection device can also detect the current flowing through the battery module. The detection device can also detect the temperature of the battery cells, battery modules and / or the surrounding environment of the energy storage device 100 at at least one point (e.g., location) of the energy storage device 100.

[0058] The balancing device of BMS 120 can perform balancing operations on the battery modules and / or individual battery cells 110 constituting the energy storage device 100.

[0059] The control unit of BMS 120 can receive status information (voltage, current, temperature, etc.) of battery cells 110 and / or battery modules from the detection device. Based on the status information received from the detection device, the control unit can monitor and calculate the status (voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), etc.) of battery cells 110 and / or battery modules. Furthermore, the control unit can perform control functions (e.g., temperature control, balance control, charge / discharge control, etc.) and protection functions (e.g., over-discharge prevention, overcharge prevention, overcurrent prevention, short-circuit protection, fire suppression, etc.) based on the status monitoring results. Additionally, the control unit can perform wired or wireless communication functions with devices external to the energy storage device 100 (e.g., more advanced controllers, vehicles, chargers, or PCS (personal communication services, such as cellular or smartphones)).

[0060] Energy storage device 100 may include a cooling unit 130 for cooling individual battery cells 110. Individual battery cells 110 generate a significant amount of heat during charging / discharging. This generated heat accumulates within the individual battery cells 110 and accelerates their degradation. Therefore, energy storage device 100 includes a cooling unit 130 to suppress the degradation of the individual battery cells 110. The cooling unit 130 may include an HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) unit, a chiller, etc. See later. Figure 6 A detailed description of the specific configuration of the cooling unit 130 is provided.

[0061] In one or more embodiments, BMS 120 can control cooling unit 130. For example, BMS 120 can determine control values ​​for controlling cooling unit 130. BMS 120 can calculate the control values ​​for controlling cooling unit 130 based on monitoring results of battery cells 110 inside energy storage device 100.

[0062] Furthermore, the BMS 120 can receive noise limit standard data associated with the energy storage device 100 and determine control values ​​for controlling the cooling unit 130 based on the noise limit standards. For example, the maximum speed control value of the condenser fan of the cooling unit 130 can be calculated based on the noise limit standards.

[0063] Furthermore, BMS 120 can determine control values ​​for controlling cooling unit 130 based on the operable range of cooling unit 130. For example, cooling unit 130 can determine whether a control value based on monitoring results and / or noise limit standards for battery cell 110 is within the operable range of cooling unit 130, and calculate the control value based on the operable range of cooling unit 130. Additionally, BMS 120 can control cooling unit 130 based on the control value calculated by cooling unit 130. Although it has been described that control values ​​based on the operable range of cooling unit 130 are calculated by cooling unit 130, control values ​​based on the operable range of cooling unit 130 can also be calculated by BMS 120.

[0064] Figure 1 The configuration of the energy storage device 100 shown is merely an example, and in one or more embodiments, in addition to the components shown, other components may be included, and some components may be omitted. If some of the aforementioned components are omitted, the function of the omitted components may be performed by components other than those shown.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating a control method for cooling an energy storage device performed between a customer 200 and a BMS 120 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0066] A control method for cooling an energy storage device may begin with the BMS 120 receiving external air temperature data from a customer 200 (S210). Here, customer 200 may refer to an operator and / or task system that monitors the control of the energy storage device, and BMS 120 may refer to a system that monitors and controls the status of the energy storage device. External air temperature data refers to the temperature outside the energy storage device, and this data may be measured near the condenser of a cooling unit included in the energy storage device. The external air temperature data may include the temperature data of the air flowing into the condenser of the cooling unit. (See later...) Figure 6 Provide a detailed description of an example of measuring outside air temperature data.

[0067] In addition, BMS 120 can receive charging rate setting data from customer 200 (S220). The charging rate setting data may refer to the CP rate (constant power rate) setting data of a single battery cell. For example, BMS 120 can control the charging rate or discharging rate of multiple battery cells included in the energy storage device based on the charging rate setting data received from customer 200.

[0068] In addition, BMS 120 can receive noise limit standard data (S220) from customer 200. The noise limit standard (dBA) can vary depending on the target area where the energy storage device is located and the time slot during which noise is generated. For example, if the target area where the energy storage device is located is a residential area, the noise limit standard can be tightened. Furthermore, if the time slot during which noise is generated is at night, the noise limit standard can be tightened compared to daytime.

[0069] Subsequently, BMS 120 can calculate a first control value and a second control value for controlling the cooling unit of the energy storage device (S240). Specifically, BMS 120 can calculate the first control value based on external air temperature data and charge rate setting data received from customer 200. Here, the first control value may include a maximum speed control value for the condenser fan of the cooling unit, which is required based on the external air temperature data and charge rate setting data. Furthermore, BMS 120 can calculate the second control value based on noise limit standard data received from customer 200. Here, the second control value may include a maximum speed control value for the condenser fan of the cooling unit, which is required based on the noise limit standard data. (See below for further details.) Figure 7 Provide a detailed example of calculating the first control value.

[0070] Subsequently, BMS 120 can determine a final control value based on the calculated first and second control values ​​(S250). As a specific example, BMS 120 can determine one of the first and second control values ​​as the final control value based on monitoring results of the battery cells included in the energy storage device. As another example, BMS 120 can determine a third control value calculated based on monitoring results of the battery cells included in the energy storage device and the operating range of the cooling unit of the energy storage device as the final control value. Here, the third control value may include the maximum speed control value of the condenser fan of the cooling unit, which is calculated based on the operating range of the cooling unit.

[0071] In one or more embodiments, the final control value refers to the control value to be output to customer 200, and the cooling unit is not necessarily controlled based on the final control value. For example, BMS 120 may output the final control value and simultaneously output a reset request for parameters associated with the final control value. Reference will be made later. Figure 3 A detailed example of determining the final control value based on the first and second control values ​​is provided. Furthermore, reference will be made later. Figure 4 and Figure 5 Provide a detailed example of determining the third control value as the final control value.

[0072] Subsequently, BMS 120 can output the determined final control value to customer 200 (S260). Based on the determined final control value, BMS 120 can output requests associated with the control of the cooling unit along with the final control value. See later. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The description details an example of outputting requests associated with the control of the cooling unit along with the final control values.

[0073] In the above embodiments, it has been described that the BMS 120 receives external air temperature data, charge rate setting data, and noise limit standard data from the customer 200. However, the BMS 120 can also receive external air temperature data from a temperature measurement sensor used to measure the temperature outside the energy storage device 100. Alternatively, the BMS 120 can receive charge rate setting data from a sensor that monitors the state of the individual battery cells of the energy storage device 100. Alternatively, noise limit standard data can be preset.

[0074] With this configuration, the control method for cooling the energy storage device can minimize noise problems in the vicinity of the energy storage device, because the control values ​​of the cooling unit are determined not only based on the monitoring results of the battery cells but also based on noise limit standards.

[0075] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the output process of the final control value of a control method for cooling an energy storage device 100 executed between a customer 200, a BMS 120, and a cooling unit 130 according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 3 In the middle, the omission of pairs will be in Figure 2 The steps described in or otherwise repeated ( Figure 2 The description of S210 to S230 in the document will be used, and the steps for calculating the first control value and the second control value will be described in detail. Figure 2 The steps of S240 in the output final control value ( Figure 2 The process between S260 in the middle.

[0076] After calculating the first control value and the second control value, the BMS 120 can detect the temperature of each of the multiple battery cells included in the energy storage device 100 (S241).

[0077] In one or more embodiments, if the temperature of at least one of the multiple battery cells exceeds a first threshold, the BMS 120 may determine the first control value as the final control value (S242, S250_1). Similarly, if the temperature rise rate of at least one of the multiple battery cells exceeds a second threshold, the BMS 120 may determine the first control value as the final control value (S243, S250_1). For example, if the temperature of at least one of the multiple battery cells exceeds the first threshold or its temperature rise rate exceeds the second threshold, the first control value based on the monitoring results of the battery cells may be determined as the final control value.

[0078] exist Figure 3 The diagram illustrates that BMS 120 compares the temperature of a battery cell with a first threshold, and then compares the rate of temperature rise of the battery cell with a second threshold only if the temperature of the battery cell is lower than or equal to the first threshold. However, BMS 120 can also compare the rate of temperature rise of the battery cell with the second threshold, and then compare the temperature of the battery cell with the first threshold if the rate of temperature rise of the battery cell is lower than or equal to the second threshold. Furthermore, BMS 120 can perform the process of comparing the temperature of the battery cell with the first threshold and the process of comparing the rate of temperature rise of the battery cell with the second threshold in parallel.

[0079] After the first control value is determined as the final control value, the BMS 120 can output the determined final control value to the customer 200. Furthermore, the BMS 120 can output a reset request for parameters associated with a second control value along with the first control value, based on the determined final control value (S260_1). For example, the BMS 120 can output the first control value as the final control value based on the monitoring results of the battery cell, and simultaneously request the reset of the second control value associated with noise limit standard data and / or the parameters associated with the second control value. Therefore, if it is determined that a battery cell is operating abnormally (e.g., if the temperature of the battery cell exceeds a first threshold or the rate of temperature rise exceeds a second threshold), the BMS 120 can request control of the cooling unit 130, regardless of the noise limit standard.

[0080] In one or more other embodiments, as a result of detecting the temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells included in the energy storage device 100, if the temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells is lower than or equal to a first threshold and the rate of temperature rise is lower than or equal to a second threshold, the BMS 120 may compare a first control value with a second control value (S242, S243, S244). At this time, if it is determined that the first control value exceeds the second control value, the BMS 120 may determine the first control value as the final control value (S245, S250_2). For example, if the first control value exceeds the second control value even if the temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells is lower than or equal to the first threshold and the rate of temperature rise is lower than or equal to the second threshold, the first control value may be determined as the final control value.

[0081] Furthermore, BMS 120 can output the determined final control value to customer 200. Additionally, based on the determined final control value, BMS 120 can output a reset request for a first control value based on the monitoring results of the battery cells and / or parameters associated with the first control value along with the final control value (S260_2). For example, if it is determined that the battery cell does not meet the noise limitation standard even under normal operation (e.g., the battery cell temperature is below or equal to a first threshold and the temperature rise rate is below or equal to a second threshold), BMS 120 can request a reset of the parameters associated with the first control value. Therefore, customer 200 can take measures such as adjusting the charging rate setting data (e.g., CP rate) or adjusting the charging / discharging plan of the energy storage device to reset the parameters associated with the first control value.

[0082] In one or more other embodiments, as a result of detecting the temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells included in the energy storage device 100, if the temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells is lower than or equal to a first threshold and the rate of temperature rise is lower than or equal to a second threshold, then the BMS 120 may compare a first control value with a second control value (S242, S243, S244). At this time, if it is determined that the first control value is lower than or equal to the second control value, then the BMS 120 may send the second control value to the cooling unit 130 (S245, S270). Thereafter, the cooling unit 130 may determine a third control value based on the received second control value and the operable range of the cooling unit (S280). Reference will be made later. Figure 4 and Figure 5 A detailed example of the steps (S280) for determining the third control value in the cooling unit 130 is provided.

[0083] Figure 4This is a diagram illustrating the output process of the final control value of a control method for cooling an energy storage device 100 executed between a customer 200, a BMS 120, and a cooling unit 130 according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 4 In the middle, the omission of pairs will be in Figure 2 and Figure 3 The steps described in or otherwise repeated ( Figure 2 S210 to S230 and Figure 3 The description of S240 to S245 in the document will be used to mainly describe the steps of sending the second control value. Figure 3 (S270 in the middle) and the steps of outputting the final control value ( Figure 2 The process between S260 in the middle.

[0084] As a result of detecting the temperature of each of the multiple battery cells included in the energy storage device 100, if the temperature of each of the multiple battery cells is lower than or equal to a first threshold and the rate of temperature rise is lower than or equal to a second threshold, the BMS 120 can compare the first control value with the second control value, and if it is determined that the first control value is lower than or equal to the second control value, the BMS 120 can send the second control value to the cooling unit 130 (S270).

[0085] Subsequently, the cooling unit 130 can detect the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid flowing through the cooling flow path to cool multiple battery cells (S271). In addition, the cooling unit 130 can detect the pressure of the refrigerant in the cooled fluid being cooled (S272).

[0086] In one or more embodiments, if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid is lower than or equal to a third threshold and the pressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to a fourth threshold, the cooling unit 130 may determine the second control value as the third control value (S273, S274, S275). Furthermore, the cooling unit 130 may send the determined third control value to the BMS 120 (S276). Here, the third and fourth thresholds may be calculated based on the second control value sent from the BMS 120, the performance of the cooling unit, the operating range of the cooling unit, etc.

[0087] Subsequently, BMS 120 can determine the received third control value as the final control value (S250_3). For example, as a result of monitoring the cooling unit 130, if it is determined that the second control value calculated based on the noise limit standard is within the operating range of the cooling unit 130 (e.g., if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid is lower than or equal to the third threshold and the pressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to the fourth threshold), then the cooling unit 130 can determine the second control value as the third control value, and BMS 120 can determine the determined third control value as the final control value.

[0088] Furthermore, BMS 120 can output the determined final control value to customer 200. Additionally, BMS 120 can output a request for controlling the cooling unit along with the determined final control value (S260_3). For example, if it is determined that the determined final control value meets noise limit standards and is also within the operating range of the cooling unit 130, BMS 120 can request control of the cooling unit 130 based on the determined final control value.

[0089] In one or more other embodiments, if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds a third threshold, the cooling unit 130 may calculate a fourth control value based on the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid (S273, S277). Similarly, if the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds a fourth threshold, the cooling unit 130 may calculate a fourth control value based on the pressure of the refrigerant (S274, S277). For example, if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds the third threshold or the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds the fourth threshold, the cooling unit 130 may calculate a fourth control value based on the operable range of the cooling unit 130. Thereafter, the cooling unit 130 may determine the calculated fourth control value as the third control value (S278).

[0090] exist Figure 4 The diagram shows that the cooling unit 130 compares the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid with a third threshold, and then compares the refrigerant pressure with a fourth threshold only if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid is lower than or equal to the third threshold. However, the cooling unit 130 can also compare the refrigerant pressure with the fourth threshold, and then compare the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid with the third threshold if the refrigerant pressure is lower than or equal to the fourth threshold. Furthermore, the cooling unit 130 can perform the processes of comparing the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid with the third threshold and comparing the refrigerant pressure with the fourth threshold in parallel.

[0091] After the third control value is determined, the cooling unit 130 can send the determined third control value to the BMS 120 (S279). Thereafter, the BMS 120 can determine the determined third control value as the final control value (S250_4). For example, as a result of monitoring the cooling unit 130, if it is determined that the second control value calculated based on noise limit standards falls outside the operating range of the cooling unit 130 (e.g., if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds a third threshold or the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds a fourth threshold), then the cooling unit 130 can determine the fourth control value calculated based on the operating range of the cooling unit as the third control value, and the BMS 120 can determine the determined third control value as the final control value.

[0092] Furthermore, BMS 120 can output the determined final control value to customer 200. Additionally, BMS 120 can output a reset request for parameters associated with the first control value along with the determined final control value (S260_4). For example, if it is determined that the determined final control value falls outside the operable range of cooling unit 130 even if it meets noise limit standards, BMS 120 can request a reset of the parameters associated with the first control value. Therefore, customer 200 can take measures such as adjusting the charging rate setting data (e.g., CP rate) or adjusting the charging / discharging schedule of the energy storage device to reset the parameters associated with the first control value.

[0093] Using this configuration, the cooling unit can be operated efficiently through a process in which feedback is provided on whether the control values ​​calculated based on the monitoring results of individual battery cells and noise limit standards are within the operating range of the cooling unit.

[0094] In this disclosure, at least some of the steps performed by the cooling unit 130 can be performed by the BMS 120. For example, regarding the step of determining the final control value (S280), the step of calculating the control value based on the cooling fluid temperature and / or refrigerant pressure (e.g., S275 to S278) can be performed by the BMS 120. At this time, data regarding the cooling fluid temperature and / or refrigerant pressure can be detected by the cooling unit 130, and the cooling unit 130 can send the corresponding data to the BMS 120.

[0095] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the process by which a cooling unit 130 determines a third control value according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. For reference, [the following will be shown]. Figure 5 Description and Figure 4 Additional embodiments related to the steps included in the highlighted area A.

[0096] The cooling unit 130 can detect the outflow temperature and pressure of the cooling fluid flowing through the cooling flow path to cool multiple battery cells (S271_1). Furthermore, the cooling unit 130 can detect the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant in the discharged cooling fluid (S272). For example, with... Figure 4 Compared to the previous embodiment, the cooling unit 130 can further detect at least one of the pressure of the cooling fluid or the temperature of the refrigerant.

[0097] In one or more embodiments, if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid is lower than or equal to a third threshold, the pressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to a fourth threshold, the pressure of the cooling fluid is lower than or equal to a fifth threshold, and the temperature of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to a sixth threshold, then the cooling unit 130 may determine the second control value as the third control value (S273, S274, S273_1, S274_1, S275). For example, as a result of monitoring the cooling unit 130, if it is determined that the second control value calculated based on a noise limit standard is within the operable range of the cooling unit 130 (e.g., if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid is lower than or equal to a third threshold, the pressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to a fourth threshold, the pressure of the cooling fluid is lower than or equal to a fifth threshold, and the temperature of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to a sixth threshold), then the cooling unit 130 may determine the second control value as the third control value, and the BMS 120 may determine the determined third control value as the final control value.

[0098] In one or more other embodiments, if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds a third threshold, the cooling unit 130 may calculate a fourth control value based on the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid (S273, S277). Similarly, if the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds a fourth threshold, the cooling unit 130 may calculate a fourth control value based on the pressure of the refrigerant (S274, S277). Furthermore, if the pressure of the cooling fluid exceeds a fifth threshold or the temperature of the refrigerant exceeds a sixth threshold, the cooling unit 130 may calculate a fourth control value based on at least one of the pressure of the cooling fluid or the temperature of the refrigerant (S273_1, S274_1, S275). For example, as a result of monitoring the cooling unit 130, if it is determined that a second control value calculated based on a noise limit standard falls outside the operating range of the cooling unit 130 (e.g., if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds a third threshold, the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds a fourth threshold, the pressure of the cooling fluid exceeds a fifth threshold, or the temperature of the refrigerant exceeds a fifth threshold), the cooling unit 130 may calculate a fourth control value based on the operating range of the cooling unit 130. Subsequently, the cooling unit 130 can determine the calculated fourth control value as the third control value (S278).

[0099] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an energy storage device 100 and a cooling unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In one or more embodiments, the energy storage device 100 may include a cooling unit (e.g., Figure 1 (130 in the text). The cooling unit can cool multiple battery cells included in the energy storage device 100.

[0100] The cooling unit may include a cooling plate (not shown) that cools the battery cells through heat exchange with them. A cooling flow path may be formed within the cooling plate for the flow of cooling fluid. The cooling fluid may include liquid cooling water or gaseous cooling air. The cooling plate may be located at the bottom of the battery cell housing, but it may also be located on the top or side of the battery cells, depending on the structure of the energy storage device.

[0101] In one or more embodiments, the cooling unit can cool the refrigerant by absorbing heat from the cooling fluid through a refrigerant cooling cycle. The refrigerant cooling cycle can be performed by an evaporator, compressor, condenser 610, expansion valve, etc. For example, the evaporator can absorb heat from the cooling fluid while evaporating the refrigerant into a gaseous state. The compressor can compress the gaseous refrigerant into a high-pressure gas. The condenser 610 can allow the refrigerant to release heat through heat exchange with outside air while condensing the high-pressure gaseous refrigerant into a liquid. The expansion valve can depressurize the liquid refrigerant and transfer it to the evaporator.

[0102] In one or more embodiments, the condenser 610 of the cooling unit may be positioned outward from the energy storage device 100. The condenser 610 may include an air outlet 612, an air inlet 614, and a condenser fan for heat exchange between the refrigerant and outside air. Heat exchange between the outside air introduced through the air inlet 614 and the refrigerant can be performed as the condenser fan rotates. In this case, noise may be generated as the condenser fan rotates, and the greater the heat capacity required to cool the battery cells, the higher the rotational speed of the condenser fan, resulting in greater noise.

[0103] In one or more embodiments, a temperature and humidity sensor 620 for detecting external air temperature data can be installed near the air inlet 614 of the condenser 610. The external air temperature data detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 620 can be sent to the BMS of the energy storage device 100. Furthermore, the BMS can determine control values ​​for controlling the cooling unit based on the received external air temperature data. In this case, by having external air temperature data detected near the air inlet 614 of the condenser 610, the BMS can calculate more accurate control values.

[0104] Figure 7The table includes examples of data for calculating control values ​​for a cooling unit according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. First Table 710, Second Table 720, and Third Table 730 are examples of data for calculating a first control value. First Table 710 may show an example of cooling capacity based on the outside air temperature and the condenser fan speed (%). Second Table 720 may show an example of the cooling capacity required based on the charging rate setting data (e.g., CP rate) of the energy storage device. Third Table 730 may show an example of the level of noise (dBA) generated based on the condenser fan speed (%).

[0105] As a specific example, assume that the outside air temperature detected near the condenser is 40°C and the charging rate of the energy storage device is set to 0.5 CP. In this case, the cooling capacity required to cool the energy storage device can be calculated as 14 kW (see Table 720, Part 2), and the control value associated with the condenser fan speed can be calculated as 80%, such that the condenser of the cooling unit exhibits cooling performance greater than or equal to the calculated cooling capacity (see Table 710, Part 1). In this case, the noise level generated by the rotation of the condenser fan can be confirmed to be 70 dBA (see Table 730, Part 3).

[0106] In one or more embodiments, data (e.g., 710 to 730) for calculating control values ​​for the cooling unit can be pre-input into the BMS and / or the cooling unit, and the BMS and / or the cooling unit can determine control values ​​for controlling the cooling unit based on the data.

[0107] The data above is just an example and can vary depending on the performance of the cooling unit, the size of the energy storage device, etc. The method described for calculating the control values ​​of the cooling unit is also just an example, but the method used can vary.

[0108] Figure 8 This is a flowchart describing a control method 800 for cooling an energy storage device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The control method 800 may begin with the battery management system (BMS) acquiring external air temperature data, charge rate setting data, and noise limit standard data associated with an energy storage device comprising multiple battery cells (S810). At this time, the external air temperature data can be measured near the condenser of the cooling unit.

[0109] Next, the BMS can calculate a first control value (S820) for controlling the cooling unit of the energy storage device based on external air temperature data and charge rate setting data. Here, the first control value may include the maximum speed control value of the condenser fan included in the cooling unit. Furthermore, the BMS can calculate a second control value (S830) for controlling the cooling unit based on noise limit standard data.

[0110] Next, the BMS can determine a final control value based on the first control value and the second control value (S840). Furthermore, the BMS can output the determined final control value (S850). Determining the final control value may include detecting the temperature of each of the multiple battery cells included in the energy storage device.

[0111] In one or more embodiments, if the temperature of at least one of the plurality of battery cells exceeds a first threshold or the rate of temperature rise exceeds a second threshold, the BMS may determine the first control value as the final control value and output the final control value to the customer. Furthermore, a reset request for parameters associated with the second control value may be output.

[0112] In other embodiments, if the temperature of each of the plurality of batteries is below or equal to a first threshold and the rate of temperature rise is below or equal to a second threshold, the BMS can compare a first control value with a second control value. If it is determined that the first control value exceeds the second control value, the first control value can be determined as the final control value, and the final control value can be output to the customer. Furthermore, a reset request for the parameters associated with the first control value can be output.

[0113] In other embodiments, if the temperature of each of the plurality of batteries is below or equal to a first threshold and the rate of temperature rise is below or equal to a second threshold, the BMS can compare a first control value with a second control value, and if it is determined that the first control value is below or equal to the second control value, the second control value can be sent to the cooling unit. Thereafter, the cooling unit can determine a third control value based on the second control value and the operating range of the cooling unit. Furthermore, the BMS can determine the third control value as the final control value.

[0114] At this point, determining the third control value may include detecting the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid flowing through the cooling flow path of the cooling unit, and detecting the pressure of the refrigerant cooling the cooling fluid in the condenser of the cooling unit. Furthermore, determining the third control value may also include detecting at least one of the rate of temperature rise of the cooling fluid or the temperature of the refrigerant.

[0115] In one or more embodiments, if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid is lower than or equal to a third threshold and the pressure of the refrigerant is lower than or equal to a fourth threshold, the cooling unit can determine the second control value as the third control value. In this case, the BMS can determine the third control value as the final control value and output the final control value to the customer. Furthermore, a control request for the cooling unit can be output based on the final control value.

[0116] In other embodiments, if the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds a third threshold or the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds a fourth threshold, the cooling unit can calculate a fourth control value based on the outlet temperature of the cooling fluid and the pressure of the refrigerant, and determine the calculated fourth control value as the third control value. In this case, the BMS can determine the third control value as the final control value and output the final control value to the customer. Furthermore, a reset request for the parameters associated with the second control value can be output.

[0117] Figure 8 The flowcharts and foregoing descriptions are merely examples of this disclosure, and the scope of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Figure 8 The flowchart and the preceding description are as follows. For example, one or more steps in the flowchart and the preceding description can be added, modified, or deleted; the order of one or more steps can be changed; and one or more steps can be executed simultaneously.

[0118] An energy storage device is a device or system that stores electrical energy so that it can be used when needed. An energy storage device includes multiple secondary batteries and is designed to handle variations in electrical energy. Furthermore, the energy storage device may include a cooling unit for cooling the heat generated during the charging and discharging of the secondary batteries. Noise may be generated from the condenser fan of the cooling unit, potentially causing noise problems in the vicinity of the energy storage device's location.

[0119] The problem to be solved by this disclosure is to provide an energy storage device and a control method for cooling the energy storage device, so as to solve the above-mentioned problem.

[0120] According to one or more embodiments of this disclosure, since the control values ​​of the cooling unit are determined not only based on the monitoring results of the battery cells but also based on noise limit standards, noise problems occurring in the vicinity of the energy storage device location can be minimized.

[0121] According to one or more embodiments of this disclosure, the cooling unit can be operated efficiently through a process in which feedback is provided on whether the control value calculated based on the monitoring results of the battery cells and noise limit standards is within the operating range of the cooling unit.

[0122] Although this disclosure has been described above with reference to embodiments thereof, it is not limited thereto. Various modifications and variations can be made to this disclosure by those skilled in the art within the spirit and equivalent scope of the appended claims.

[0123] Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terminology has been used, it is used and interpreted in a general and descriptive sense only and not for limiting purposes. In some instances, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art at the time of filing this application, unless specifically stated otherwise, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with particular embodiments may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with other embodiments. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

[0124] Description of some figure references

[0125] 100: Energy storage device

[0126] 110: Battery cell

[0127] 120: BMS

[0128] 130: Cooling unit

Claims

1. A control method for cooling an energy storage device, the control method comprising: obtaining, by a battery management system (BMS), external air temperature data, charge rate setting data, and noise limit criteria data associated with an energy storage device comprising a plurality of battery cells; calculating, by the BMS, a first control value for controlling a cooling unit of the energy storage device based on the external air temperature data and the charge rate setting data; calculating, by the BMS, a second control value for controlling the cooling unit based on the noise limit criteria data; determining, by the BMS, a final control value based on the first control value and the second control value; and outputting, by the BMS, the determined final control value. determining the final control value includes:

2. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein, detecting a temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells included in the energy storage device; and determining the first control value as the final control value if the temperature of at least one of the plurality of battery cells exceeds a first threshold or a rate of rise of the temperature exceeds a second threshold. outputting the final control value includes outputting a reset request for a parameter associated with the second control value.

3. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 2, wherein, determining the final control value includes:

4. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein, detecting a temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells included in the energy storage device; comparing the first control value to the second control value if the temperature of each of the plurality of battery cells is less than or equal to a first threshold and a rate of rise of the temperature is less than or equal to a second threshold; and determining the first control value as the final control value if it is determined that the first control value exceeds the second control value. outputting the final control value includes outputting a reset request for a parameter associated with the first control value.

5. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 4, wherein, determining the final control value further includes:

6. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 4, wherein, transmitting, by the BMS, the second control value to the cooling unit if it is determined that the first control value is less than or equal to the second control value; determining, by the cooling unit, a third control value based on the second control value and an operable range of the cooling unit; and determining, by the BMS, the third control value as the final control value. determining the third control value includes:

7. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 6, wherein, detecting an outflow temperature of a cooling fluid flowing through a cooling flow path of the cooling unit; detecting a pressure of a refrigerant cooling the cooling fluid in a condenser of the cooling unit; and determining the second control value as the third control value if the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid is less than or equal to a third threshold and the pressure of the refrigerant is less than or equal to a fourth threshold. outputting the final control value includes outputting a control request for the cooling unit based on the final control value.

8. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 7, wherein, determining the third control value further includes:

9. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 7, wherein, calculating a fourth control value based on the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid and the pressure of the refrigerant if the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds the third threshold or the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds the fourth threshold; and determining the fourth control value as the third control value. ​ 10. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 9, wherein, outputting the final control value includes outputting a reset request for a parameter associated with the first control value.

11. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 7, wherein, determining the final control value further includes at least one of: detecting a temperature rise rate of the cooling fluid; and detecting a temperature of the refrigerant.

12. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein, the first control value includes a maximum speed control value for a condenser fan included in the cooling unit.

13. The control method for cooling an energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein, the outside air temperature data is measured proximate to a condenser of the cooling unit.

14. An energy storage device comprising: a plurality of battery cells; a cooling unit configured to cool the plurality of battery cells; and a battery management system (BMS) configured to control the cooling unit, wherein the BMS is configured to: obtain outside air temperature data, charge rate setting data, and noise limit criteria data associated with the energy storage device, calculate a first control value for controlling the cooling unit based on the outside air temperature data and the charge rate setting data, calculate a second control value for controlling the cooling unit based on the noise limit criteria data, determine a final control value based on the first control value and the second control value, and output the final control value.

15. The energy storage device of claim 14, wherein, determining the final control value includes: detecting, by the BMS, a temperature of each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells, and determining, by the BMS, the first control value as the final control value if the temperature of at least one battery cell of the plurality of battery cells exceeds a first threshold or a rise rate of the temperature exceeds a second threshold.

16. The energy storage device of claim 14, wherein, determining the final control value includes: detecting, by the BMS, a temperature of each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells, comparing, by the BMS, the first control value to the second control value if the temperature of each battery cell of the plurality of battery cells is less than or equal to a first threshold and a rise rate of the temperature is less than or equal to a second threshold, and determining, by the BMS, the first control value as the final control value if it is determined that the first control value exceeds the second control value.

17. The energy storage device of claim 16, wherein, determining the final control value further includes: transmitting, by the BMS, the second control value to the cooling unit if it is determined that the first control value is less than or equal to the second control value, determining, by the cooling unit, a third control value based on the second control value and an operable range of the cooling unit, and determining, by the BMS, the third control value as the final control value.

18. The energy storage device of claim 17, wherein, determining the third control value includes: detecting, by the cooling unit, an outflow temperature of a cooling fluid flowing through a cooling flow path of the cooling unit, detecting, by the cooling unit, a pressure of a refrigerant cooling the cooling fluid in a condenser of the cooling unit, and determining, by the cooling unit, the second control value as the third control value if the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid is less than or equal to a third threshold and the pressure of the refrigerant is less than or equal to a fourth threshold.

19. The energy storage device of claim 18, wherein, determining the third control value further includes: if the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid exceeds the third threshold value or the pressure of the refrigerant exceeds the fourth threshold value, calculating, by the cooling unit, a fourth control value based on the outflow temperature of the cooling fluid and the pressure of the refrigerant, and determining, by the cooling unit, the fourth control value as the third control value.

20. The energy storage device of claim 18, wherein, Determining the third control value further includes at least one of: detecting, by the cooling unit, a temperature rise rate of the cooling fluid, and detecting, by the cooling unit, a temperature of the refrigerant.

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