Photovoltaic module
By using a hybrid arrangement of four-segment and two-segment cell strings, jumpers are eliminated, simplifying the circuit topology of photovoltaic modules. This solves the problems of power loss and increased material costs caused by jumpers, and achieves efficient production and equipment compatibility.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-10
AI Technical Summary
In existing photovoltaic modules, the use of jumpers leads to increased power loss, higher material costs, and increased production complexity. Furthermore, the poor compatibility of existing equipment makes it difficult to achieve efficient production.
A hybrid arrangement of four-segment and two-segment battery strings is adopted, which eliminates jumpers, simplifies the circuit topology, reduces the use of jumper materials and insulating strips, and protects the battery cells with diodes.
It reduces resistance loss and power loss, reduces material costs and process complexity, improves the compatibility and production efficiency of production equipment, and ensures stable component output parameters.
Smart Images
Figure CN121646012A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a photovoltaic module. BACKGROUND
[0002] In the technical field of photovoltaic modules, the module is usually formed by a plurality of solar cell pieces through electrical connection to form a cell string, and then combined in series and parallel to form a complete power generation unit, which is widely used in solar power generation systems. The improvement of module performance mainly depends on the reduction of optical and electrical losses in the packaging process, among which the electrical loss is often suppressed by optimizing the current transmission path, such as adjusting the number of cell pieces, the arrangement method and the circuit topology. With the increasing demand for module power, multi-piece design such as two-piece, three-piece and four-piece has gradually become a common solution in the industry, the core of which is to reduce the current of a single cell string through piece division, thereby reducing resistance loss, but at the same time puts higher requirements on circuit layout and connection method.
[0003] In the prior art, the cell string is usually divided into six columns, and a small cell unit is formed by connecting each two columns of cell strings in parallel, and then connecting these small cell units in series to ensure that the output voltage and current match the conventional two-piece module. However, since the number of cell strings is odd, the positive and negative poles cannot naturally be at the same horizontal position of the short side of the module, so a jumper is needed to make a cross connection. The jumper is an additional conductor dedicated to current transmission, and its length is comparable to the long side of the module, and it plays a bridging role between the cell strings. Similarly, in a three-piece module, the common solution is to connect three cell strings in parallel and then in series, with diodes dispersedly arranged, and a long jumper is used to realize the electrical connection between the diodes and the cell strings.
[0004] The above-mentioned prior art scheme realizes the circuit function of the multi-piece module, but still has the following technical problems: the jumper, as an additional conductor, introduces additional power loss due to its own resistance, and too many jumpers reduce the output efficiency of the module. Moreover, the jumper needs to be made of special materials and used with insulating isolation strips, which not only increases the types and costs of materials, but also increases the overall weight and structural complexity of the module. At the same time, the laying of the jumper requires special equipment for positioning and fixing, which increases the production process steps and equipment investment, especially when there are many jumpers and the length is large, the control difficulty of the positioning accuracy and insulation reliability is significantly increased, which affects the production efficiency and product consistency. In addition, for a three-piece module, the dispersed arrangement of diodes further relies on a long jumper for connection, resulting in line redundancy and poor equipment compatibility, making it difficult for the existing two-piece production line to be directly adapted, increasing the modification cost and process implementation threshold. SUMMARY
[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a photovoltaic module, which eliminates the use of jumpers in current transmission by redesigning the arrangement of the cell string and the circuit topology, thereby reducing power loss and material consumption. At the same time, the compatibility of the module structure with the existing production equipment is improved, the process flow is simplified, and the dual optimization of module performance and production cost is realized.
[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiments of the present application provide the following technical solutions: A photovoltaic module, comprising a four-split cell string and a two-split cell string; the four-split cell string has four cell strings, and each two cell strings are connected in parallel to form a cell unit, which are respectively a first cell unit and a second cell unit; the two-split cell string has two cell strings, which are respectively a third cell unit and a fourth cell unit; the first cell unit, the second cell unit, the third cell unit and the fourth cell unit are connected in series.
[0007] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further comprises a positive electrode lead-out end and a negative electrode lead-out end, the positive electrode of the fourth cell unit is connected with the positive electrode lead-out end, the negative electrode of the first cell unit is connected with the negative electrode lead-out end, and the positive and negative electrodes of the fourth cell unit, the positive and negative electrodes of the third cell unit, the positive and negative electrodes of the second cell unit and the positive and negative electrodes of the first cell unit are connected in series.
[0008] Optionally, two first diodes are connected in parallel between the first cell unit and the second cell unit, the two first diodes are connected by a jumper wire, the anode of one of the first diodes is connected with the negative electrode of the first cell unit, and the cathode of the other first diode is connected with the positive electrode of the second cell unit.
[0009] Optionally, a second diode is connected in parallel between the third cell unit and the fourth cell unit, the anode of the second diode is connected with the negative electrode of the third cell unit, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the positive electrode of the fourth cell unit.
[0010] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further comprises a positive electrode lead-out end and a negative electrode lead-out end, the positive electrode of the fourth cell unit is connected with the positive electrode lead-out end, the negative electrode of the third cell unit is connected with the negative electrode lead-out end, and the positive and negative electrodes of the fourth cell unit, the positive and negative electrodes of the first cell unit, the positive and negative electrodes of the second cell unit and the positive and negative electrodes of the third cell unit are connected in series.
[0011] Optionally, a first diode is connected in parallel between the third cell unit and the second cell unit, the anode of the first diode is connected with the negative electrode of the third cell unit, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the positive electrode of the second cell unit.
[0012] Optionally, a second diode is connected in parallel between the first battery cell and the fourth battery cell, with the anode of the second diode connected to the negative terminal of the first battery cell string and the cathode of the second diode connected to the positive terminal of the fourth battery cell string.
[0013] Optionally, a third diode is connected in parallel between the second battery cell and the first battery cell. The anode of the third diode is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery cell string, and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the positive terminal of the first battery cell string.
[0014] Optionally, the photovoltaic system includes a three-cell battery string with six cells, wherein every two cells are connected in series to form a cell unit, and the cells are connected in parallel. Each cell unit is connected in parallel with a diode, the anode of which is connected to the negative terminal of one of the cell strings, and the cathode of which is connected to the positive terminal of the other cell string. The circuit structure of the assembly is divided into upper and lower parts, each part including a first cell unit, a second cell unit, a third cell unit, and a fourth cell unit. The upper and lower parts are designed in a mirror image.
[0015] This invention also provides a photovoltaic module, including a three-cell battery string with six battery strings, wherein every two battery strings are connected in series to form a battery cell, and the battery cells are connected in parallel. Each battery cell is connected in parallel with a diode, the anode of which is connected to the negative terminal of one of the battery strings, and the cathode of which is connected to the positive terminal of the other battery string.
[0016] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: The photovoltaic module of this invention employs a mixed arrangement of two-cell and four-cell cells. The current of each two-cell cell is half that of the two-cell cells, and the current of each four-cell cell connected in parallel is also half that of the two-cell cells. The current of the four-cell cells connected in parallel is close to that of the two-cell cells, achieving current matching between the cells. This allows them to be directly connected in series to form an even number of small cell cells. The coordinated layout of the four-cell and two-cell cell strings results in a compact overall circuit structure, with the positive and negative terminals naturally positioned at the same horizontal level on the short side of the module, avoiding the bridging connections required in existing technologies due to odd-numbered cell string arrangements. This photovoltaic module reduces resistance and power losses caused by jumpers, while also reducing the materials and insulating strips required for jumpers, thus lowering material costs and process complexity.
[0017] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description
[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In addition, the dimensions or spacing between the components are exaggerated to show the position of each component, and the schematic diagrams are for illustrative purposes only.
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first type of photovoltaic module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second type of photovoltaic module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third type of photovoltaic module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. First battery unit; 2. Second battery unit; 3. Third battery unit; 4. Fourth battery unit; Detailed Implementation It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.
[0020] Example 1 This embodiment proposes a photovoltaic module, including a four-cell battery string and a two-cell battery string; the four-cell battery string has four columns of battery strings, and every two columns of battery strings are connected in parallel to form a battery unit, namely a first battery unit 1 and a second battery unit 2; the two-cell battery string has two columns of battery strings, namely a third battery unit 3 and a fourth battery unit 4; the first battery unit 1, the second battery unit 2, the third battery unit 3 and the fourth battery unit 4 are connected in series.
[0021] The two parallel columns of the quad-cell battery string design reduce the current of a single quad-cell battery cell to be comparable to that of a two-cell battery cell (the current of a single quad-cell battery cell is 1 / 4 of the total current of the whole cell, and the total current after two columns are connected in parallel is 1 / 2 of the current of a single cell, which is consistent with 1 / 2 of the current of a single cell in a two-cell battery string). The two can be directly connected in series, which ensures that the output voltage and current of the module meet the parameter requirements of conventional two-cell modules, and avoids additional losses caused by current mismatch.
[0022] Hybrid layout ensures that the output voltage and current of the components remain unchanged. Without affecting the output power of the components, it reduces the number of jumpers used to transmit current, reduces power loss, increases the output power of the components, reduces the need for additional equipment and materials, simplifies the component manufacturing process, and improves production efficiency.
[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module also includes a positive electrode lead and a negative electrode lead. The positive electrode of the fourth battery unit 4 is connected to the positive electrode lead, and the negative electrode of the first battery unit 1 is connected to the negative electrode lead. The positive and negative electrodes of the fourth battery unit 4, the third battery unit, the second battery unit, and the first battery unit are connected in series.
[0024] By matching the series connection sequence with the lead-out connection position, it is further ensured that the positive and negative terminals are on the same horizontal line on the short side of the component. Circuit conduction can be achieved without additional structural adjustments, which shortens the current transmission path and reduces electrical losses during transmission.
[0025] The series connection order and the position selection of the lead-out terminals are mutually compatible. The fourth battery unit 4 is connected to the positive lead-out terminal as the starting terminal, and the first battery unit 1 is connected to the negative lead-out terminal as the ending terminal. After the current flows in from the positive lead-out terminal, it passes through the fourth, third, second, and first battery units 1 in sequence, and finally flows out from the negative lead-out terminal. The entire transmission path is smooth and there is no redundant path. Under the premise of ensuring stable output parameters, the circuit layout is simplified to the maximum extent.
[0026] Two first diodes are connected in parallel between the first battery unit 1 and the second battery unit 2. The two first diodes are connected in the middle by a jumper wire. The anode of one first diode is connected to the negative terminal of the battery string of the first battery unit 1, and the cathode of the other first diode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery string of the second battery unit 2.
[0027] The first diode serves as a bypass protection. When the first battery unit 1 or the second battery unit 2 fails to generate electricity normally due to obstruction, damage, or other reasons, the unit will become a load in the circuit, causing local heating and forming hot spots. At this time, the first diode will conduct, allowing the current to bypass the faulty unit and flow directly through the first diode, thus preventing the formation of hot spots and protecting the safety of the battery unit and the entire assembly.
[0028] During normal operation, the current is transmitted along the path from the second battery cell 2 to the first battery cell 1. The diode is cut off due to reverse bias, which does not affect the normal current transmission. When any cell fails, a reverse voltage is generated across the faulty cell, which makes the diode conduct in the forward direction, thus achieving bypass protection. This does not interfere with the normal operation and can respond quickly in case of a fault.
[0029] A second diode is connected in parallel between the third battery unit 3 and the fourth battery unit 4. The anode of the second diode is connected to the negative terminal of the battery string of the third battery unit 3, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery string of the fourth battery unit 4.
[0030] Similar to the first diode, the second diode is mainly used to protect the third battery cell 3 and the fourth battery cell 4. When either of these two cells fails, the second diode conducts, and the current bypasses the faulty cell, preventing hot spots from forming and ensuring the safe operation of the module. The second diode works in conjunction with the first diode to form two sets of protection for the four battery cells, covering the entire series circuit. This prevents a significant drop in the efficiency of the entire module due to the failure of a single cell, thus improving the reliability of the module.
[0031] By using three diodes (two first diodes and one second diode), the risk of hot spot in the component is reduced. If a hot spot occurs, 1 / 3 of the component will be lost. Compared with the conventional four-piece design, one jumper wire is used, simplifying the process and reducing material input.
[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, in another embodiment, the positive terminal of the fourth battery unit 4 is connected to the positive terminal lead, and the negative terminal of the third battery unit 3 is connected to the negative terminal lead. The positive and negative terminals of the fourth battery unit 4, the first battery unit, the second battery unit, and the third battery unit are connected in series.
[0033] By adjusting the series connection order and the connection position of the negative terminal, the positive and negative terminals can also be laid out on the same horizontal line on the short side of the component without the need for jumpers. This provides another option for the internal circuit layout of the component and can be flexibly adjusted according to the arrangement space of the battery strings and the wiring requirements of the terminals.
[0034] A first diode is connected in parallel between the third battery unit 3 and the second battery unit 2. The anode of the first diode is connected to the negative terminal of the battery string of the third battery unit 3, and the cathode of the first diode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery string of the second battery unit 2.
[0035] The same first diode is used to protect the third battery cell 3 and the second battery cell 2. When either of these two cells fails, the first diode turns on, and the current bypasses the faulty cell, preventing hot spots from forming and protecting the components.
[0036] A second diode is connected in parallel between the first battery cell 1 and the fourth battery cell 4. The anode of the second diode is connected to the negative terminal of the battery string of the first battery cell 1, and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery string of the fourth battery cell 4.
[0037] The diode is used to protect the first battery cell 1 and the fourth battery cell 4. When these two cells fail, the second diode conducts to prevent hot spots from forming and ensure the safe operation of the component.
[0038] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, a third diode is connected in parallel between the second battery cell 2 and the first battery cell 1. The anode of the third diode is connected to the negative terminal of the battery string of the second battery cell 2, and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the positive terminal of the battery string of the first battery cell 1.
[0039] The third diode works in conjunction with the first and second diodes to form a protection network covering multiple battery cell connection points. This allows for a more even distribution of bypass current and reduces performance loss when uneven lighting or partial faults occur. This multi-diode distributed arrangement is compatible with the series sequence of the battery cells, ensuring consistency between the protection function and the circuit topology. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for jumpers, thus maintaining the low-loss advantage of a jumperless design.
[0040] Compared to Figure 2 The addition of two diodes reduces power output by 1 / 4 when hot spots occur, resulting in higher safety; Figure 1 Compared to jumpers without parallel diodes, this further simplifies the manufacturing process.
[0041] The circuit structure of the photovoltaic module is divided into upper and lower parts, each of which includes a first battery unit 1, a second battery unit 2, a third battery unit 3 and a fourth battery unit 4. The upper and lower parts are designed in a mirror image.
[0042] The mirror design here refers to the fact that the arrangement direction and series-parallel relationship of each battery cell in the upper circuit are completely symmetrical with those in the lower circuit. The mirror design makes the overall structure of the module more balanced, and the current distribution in the upper and lower parts is more even, avoiding the extra losses caused by excessive current concentration in local areas; at the same time, the balanced structure can better fit the rectangular shape of the module, make full use of the internal space of the module, reduce waste in the corner areas, and improve the space utilization rate of the module.
[0043] In this embodiment, each quad-cell battery string consists of 20 to 26 battery cells connected in series, and each bi-cell battery string consists of 10 to 13 battery cells connected in series. This range of quantities ensures that the voltage and current parameters of the quad-cell and bi-cell battery units are matched.
[0044] Example 2 like Figure 4As shown, this embodiment provides a photovoltaic module including a three-cell battery string with six battery strings, wherein every two battery strings are connected in series to form a battery cell, and the battery cells are connected in parallel. Each battery cell is connected in parallel with a diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the negative terminal of one of the battery strings, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the positive terminal of the other battery string.
[0045] Existing three-cell modules use a design where three cells are connected in series, parallel, and then in series. This requires laying long jumper wires to connect diodes, which increases material consumption and causes poor production line compatibility. In this embodiment, every two cell strings are connected in series to form a unit and then in parallel, eliminating the need for long jumper wires. This reduces the investment in jumper wire materials and supporting equipment. At the same time, the diode connection method is similar to that of conventional two-cell modules, making it compatible with two-cell module production lines without the need for large-scale equipment modifications.
[0046] The battery string can be composed of 24 to 37 three-cell batteries connected in series. The diodes and the positive and negative terminals of the module are on the same side of the short side of the module. Compared with the existing technology, there are fewer diode wirings, eliminating the need for long jumper wires for diode connections, reducing material consumption and equipment investment. The two-cell module production line has high compatibility, simplifies the module manufacturing process, and improves production efficiency.
[0047] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, they are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, The photovoltaic module comprises: a four-split battery string and a two-split battery string; the four-split battery string has four battery strings, and each two battery strings are connected in parallel to form a battery unit, which are respectively a first battery unit and a second battery unit; the two-split battery string has two battery strings, which are respectively a third battery unit and a fourth battery unit; the first battery unit, the second battery unit, the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit are connected in series.
2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, the photovoltaic module further comprises a positive electrode lead-out end and a negative electrode lead-out end, the positive electrode of the fourth battery unit is connected with the positive electrode lead-out end, the negative electrode of the first battery unit is connected with the negative electrode lead-out end, and the positive and negative electrodes of the fourth battery unit, the positive and negative electrodes of the third battery unit, the positive and negative electrodes of the second battery unit and the positive and negative electrodes of the first battery unit are connected in series.
3. The photovoltaic module of claim 2, wherein, two first diodes are connected in parallel between the first battery unit and the second battery unit, the anode of one of the first diodes is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery unit, and the cathode of the other first diode is connected with the positive electrode of the second battery unit.
4. The photovoltaic module of claim 2, wherein, a second diode is connected in parallel between the third battery unit and the fourth battery unit, the anode of the second diode is connected with the negative electrode of the third battery unit, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the positive electrode of the fourth battery unit.
5. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein, the photovoltaic module further comprises a positive electrode lead-out end and a negative electrode lead-out end, the positive electrode of the fourth battery unit is connected with the positive electrode lead-out end, the negative electrode of the third battery unit is connected with the negative electrode lead-out end, and the positive and negative electrodes of the fourth battery unit, the positive and negative electrodes of the first battery unit, the positive and negative electrodes of the second battery unit and the positive and negative electrodes of the third battery unit are connected in series.
6. The photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein, a first diode is connected in parallel between the third battery unit and the second battery unit, the anode of the first diode is connected with the negative electrode of the third battery unit, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the positive electrode of the second battery unit.
7. The photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein, a second diode is connected in parallel between the first battery unit and the fourth battery unit, the anode of the second diode is connected with the negative electrode of the first battery unit, and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the positive electrode of the fourth battery unit.
8. The photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein, a third diode is connected in parallel between the second battery unit and the first battery unit, the anode of the third diode is connected with the negative electrode of the second battery unit, and the cathode of the third diode is connected with the positive electrode of the first battery unit.
9. The photovoltaic module of claim 5, wherein, the circuit structure of the photovoltaic module is divided into two parts, each part comprises a first battery unit, a second battery unit, a third battery unit and a fourth battery unit, and the two parts are mirror image designs.
10. A photovoltaic module, characterized by, the photovoltaic module comprises a three-split battery string, the three-split battery string has six battery strings, each two battery strings are connected in series to form a battery unit, each battery unit is connected in parallel, each battery unit is connected with a diode in parallel, the anode of the diode is connected with the negative electrode of one of the battery strings, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the positive electrode of the other battery string.