Preparation method and preparation system of curved-surface perovskite thin film for vehicle and vehicle-mounted curved-surface photovoltaic device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted photovoltaics, in particular to a preparation method and a preparation system of a vehicle curved-surface perovskite thin film and a vehicle-mounted curved-surface photovoltaic device. The preparation method comprises the following steps: scanning the curved glass substrate for the vehicle to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data and construct a digital three-dimensional model; calibrating and aligning a coordinate system of wet coating according to the digital three-dimensional model; planning a wet coating path according to curvature characteristics of the digital three-dimensional model, wherein the axis of a spray head at a droplet deposition position of wet coating is always parallel to the normal vector direction of a curved surface at the point; and carrying out wet coating by utilizing ultrasonic spraying or ink-jet printing according to the planned path. According to the method, the technical bottleneck that uniform film forming is difficult to achieve on curved surfaces and even special-shaped structures is overcome, industrial large-scale production is powerfully supported, the productivity is improved, and the application cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for preparing curved perovskite thin films for automobiles, as well as automotive curved photovoltaics. Background Technology

[0002] Automotive photovoltaics is an important energy technology for low-carbon transportation, with the potential to provide clean energy and extend the driving range of electric vehicles. Perovskite thin-film photovoltaic cells are considered one of the most promising automotive photovoltaic technologies due to their outstanding advantages such as being lightweight, flexible, having widely available raw materials, and low manufacturing costs. However, the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology still faces many challenges, the most critical of which lies in the preparation of curved, large-area, and high-quality perovskite thin films.

[0003] Currently, the preparation of high-efficiency, large-size perovskite thin films mainly relies on wet coating techniques, such as slot coating, blade coating, and screen printing. However, these methods have significant limitations in practical applications: (1) For automotive needs: There is a lack of available process technologies to support the preparation of curved perovskite thin films. Mainstream processes (such as slot coating) are mainly designed for planar substrates, and their equipment structures are difficult to achieve uniform and stable coating on curved or even irregular surfaces. There is a lack of suitable processes for forming irregular surfaces.

[0004] (2) Traditional process: This method requires multi-step preparation, and the perovskite film preparation time is long. During the coating process, the perovskite precursor film exists in a metastable form of non-perovskite phase and solvent, and needs to undergo a long film formation and crystallization time. In this process, the first coated area is exposed to the environment for a longer time and is easily affected by external factors such as humidity and oxygen, which leads to inconsistent growth of perovskite crystals and the generation of high-density defects (such as pinholes, interface recombination centers, etc.), thereby significantly reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the device.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for preparing curved perovskite thin films for automotive applications, as well as automotive curved photovoltaics. The preparation method provided in this invention overcomes the technical bottleneck of achieving uniform film formation on curved surfaces and even irregularly shaped structures through specific steps, strongly supporting large-scale industrial production, increasing production capacity, and reducing application costs.

[0007] This invention is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a curved perovskite thin film for automotive applications, comprising: scanning a curved glass substrate for automotive applications to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data and constructing a digital three-dimensional model; The coordinate system for wet coating is calibrated and aligned based on the digital 3D model. Meanwhile, based on the curvature characteristics of the digital 3D model, a wet coating path is planned that meets the following requirements: the nozzle axis at the droplet deposition point of the wet coating is always parallel to the direction of the surface normal vector at that point. Wet coating is performed using ultrasonic spraying or inkjet printing along the planned path.

[0008] In an optional implementation, wet coating meets the following requirements: (1) The atomizing gas is a dry, compressed, inert gas; (2) The pressure of the atomizing gas is 0.3-0.4 MPa; (3) The distance between the wet coating nozzle and the surface of the automotive curved glass substrate is 15-20cm; (4) The moving speed of the spray gun for wet coating is 200-300 mm / s; (5) The overlap rate of adjacent spraying paths during wet coating is 35-45%.

[0009] In an optional implementation, calibration and alignment further includes: calibrating and aligning the air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing; Preferably, air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing are performed immediately after wet coating; wherein, both air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing are performed horizontally along the X-axis direction of the automotive curved glass substrate.

[0010] In an optional implementation, the air knife drying meets the following requirements: (1) The distance between the air knife outlet of the air knife drying and the perovskite wet film formed by wet coating is 10-20 mm; (2) The gas used for air knife drying is an inert gas; (3) The temperature of the gas used for air knife drying is 40-80℃; (4) The gas flow velocity used for air knife drying is 5-10 m / s; (5) The stepping speed during the air knife drying process is 10-20 mm / s.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, when the perovskite wet film formed by wet coating is dried with an air knife, the perovskite wet film changes from a liquid state to a non-flowing gel state within 2-3 seconds.

[0012] In an optional implementation, halogen infrared annealing meets the following requirements: (1) Power is 600-1000W; (2) The speed is consistent with the stepping speed of the air knife drying process; (3) The distance between the lamp for halogen infrared annealing and the film after air knife drying is 50-100 mm; (4) The time shall not be less than 10 seconds.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a system for preparing a curved perovskite thin film for automotive applications, the system being used to implement the method for preparing a curved perovskite thin film for automotive applications as described in the foregoing embodiments. The preparation system includes: a contour scanner, an intelligent control unit, a multi-axis linkage robotic arm, and a wet coating head; The contour scanner is connected to the intelligent control unit, and then the contour scanner scans the automotive curved glass substrate to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data. A digital three-dimensional model is constructed using the intelligent control unit, and the coordinate system of wet coating is calibrated and aligned based on the digital three-dimensional model. Meanwhile, based on the curvature characteristics of the digital 3D model, a wet coating path is planned that meets the following requirements: the nozzle axis at the droplet deposition point of the wet coating is always parallel to the direction of the surface normal vector at that point. The intelligent control unit is connected to the multi-axis linkage robotic arm, which is connected to the wet coating head. The intelligent control unit then controls the multi-axis linkage robotic arm to enable the wet coating head to perform wet coating.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, an air knife device is also included, which is connected to the multi-axis linkage robotic arm and located after the wet coating head, and then air knife drying is performed immediately after wet coating. Preferably, the distance between the air knife device and the wet coating head is 20-50cm.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, a halogen infrared lamp is also included, which is connected to the multi-axis linkage robotic arm and located after the halogen infrared lamp, and then halogen infrared annealing is performed immediately after air knife drying. Preferably, the distance between the halogen infrared lamp and the air knife device is 20-50cm.

[0016] Thirdly, the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted curved photovoltaic system, comprising a vehicle-mounted curved perovskite thin film prepared using the preparation method of the vehicle-mounted curved perovskite thin film described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: By adopting intelligent control and a specific wet coating method, the embodiments of the present invention can precisely control the coating head and the complex curved substrate (such as the roof glass of a car) to always maintain a constant optimal distance and angle during the coating process, thus overcoming the technical bottleneck of difficulty in achieving uniform film formation on curved surfaces and even irregular structures, strongly supporting large-scale industrial production, increasing production capacity, and reducing application costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is the preparation system for automotive curved perovskite thin films provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0020] Icons: 100 - Preparation system; 110 - Contour scanner; 120 - Multi-axis linkage robotic arm; 130 - Intelligent control unit; 140 - Wet coating head; 150 - Air knife device; 160 - Halogen infrared lamp. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0022] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a curved perovskite thin film for automotive applications, comprising: S1, substrate pretreatment and precursor ink; Pretreatment is performed on the curved glass substrate for automotive applications. Pretreatment includes, but is not limited to, ultrasonic cleaning, ultraviolet ozone or oxygen plasma treatment to improve its hydrophilicity and adhesion.

[0023] The precursor ink used in this embodiment of the invention is a known precursor solution. For example, 1.2 MFA is used in this embodiment. 0.95 Cs0 .05 PbI3 precursor solution.

[0024] Specifically: To prepare the precursor ink, formamidine iodide (FAI), cesium iodide (CsI), and lead iodide (PbI2) are dissolved in a solvent (such as one or more mixed solvents of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and γ-butyrolactone (GBL), and an appropriate amount of viscosity modifier (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP) is added to control the viscosity of the precursor ink at 8-15 cP to ensure that it meets the spraying requirements of the piezoelectric ultrasonic spray head.

[0025] S2, 3D surface topography scanning and path planning; The present invention employs non-contact scanning to scan the curved glass substrate for automotive applications, thereby acquiring high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data and constructing a digital three-dimensional model.

[0026] In computer software, the digital 3D model is precisely calibrated and aligned with the coordinate systems of wet coating, air knife drying, and halogen infrared annealing.

[0027] S3. Preparation of curved perovskite thin films for automotive applications; Based on the curvature characteristics of the digital 3D model, a wet coating path is planned that meets the following requirements: the nozzle axis at the droplet deposition point of the wet coating is always parallel to the direction of the surface normal vector at that point to ensure vertical spraying. Wet coating is performed using ultrasonic spraying or inkjet printing along the planned path. Ultrasonic spraying is preferred.

[0028] Ultrasonic spraying can perfectly follow the contours of curved surfaces to deposit a uniform coating, even on uneven, textured, or complex three-dimensional surfaces.

[0029] Specifically, an ultrasonic spraying system is used for wet coating deposition. The aforementioned precursor ink is delivered at a certain rate, and a clean, dry compressed inert gas (such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, argon, or an argon-nitrogen mixture) is used as the atomizing gas, with the atomizing pressure controlled at 0.3-0.4 MPa. The distance between the spray gun head and the surface of the automotive curved glass substrate is maintained at 15-20 cm. The spray gun is moved by intelligent control, ensuring that the spray gun axis always coincides with the normal direction of the local curved surface of the automotive curved glass substrate. The moving speed is set to 200-300 mm / s, and the overlap rate of adjacent spray paths is 35-45%. Multiple spraying cycles are repeated.

[0030] Immediately after wet coating, the perovskite film undergoes air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing. This embodiment of the invention achieves immediate drying and rapid annealing of the perovskite film through immediate air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing after wet coating. This significantly shortens solvent evaporation time, suppresses defects generated during perovskite crystallization, improves film uniformity and crystal quality, and ultimately achieves the preparation of high-efficiency, high-stability automotive curved surface perovskite films.

[0031] Specifically, this invention seamlessly integrates ultrasonic spraying, air knife drying, and halogen infrared annealing. This means that the area immediately after wet coating undergoes air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing to construct a continuous and stable curved perovskite thin film preparation process. This significantly shortens the time from coating to complete crystallization of the perovskite wet film, effectively suppressing crystal defects such as pinholes and composite centers caused by prolonged environmental exposure. This results in a dense, uniform, and highly crystalline curved perovskite thin film, providing an effective path to solve the problem of direct preparation of curved photovoltaic materials.

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention can precisely control the ultrasonic coating and drying annealing process to maintain a constant optimal distance and angle with complex curved substrates (such as car roof glass) through intelligent control. This overcomes the technical bottleneck of achieving uniform film formation on curved surfaces and even irregular structures, strongly supporting large-scale industrial production, increasing production capacity, and reducing application costs.

[0033] Specifically, the air knife drying process includes horizontal air knife drying along the X-axis direction of the automotive curved glass substrate. The distance between the air knife outlet and the wet-coated perovskite film is 10-20 mm. A high-purity inert gas is used as the gas source, with a gas temperature set to 40-80℃, an airflow velocity controlled at 5-10 m / s, and a stepping speed of 10-20 mm / s. The surface of the wet-coated perovskite film is instantaneously purged to rapidly remove most of the solvent, causing the film to transform from a liquid state to a non-flowing gel state within 2-3 seconds.

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention employ air knife drying, which can quickly and uniformly remove a large amount of solvent from the surface of the film, allowing the perovskite wet film to transform from a liquid state to a semi-solid gel state in a very short time, thereby "fixing" the film shape and preventing component segregation or the generation of coffee ring effect due to liquid flow or slow evaporation of solvent.

[0035] Immediately after air knife drying, halogen infrared annealing is performed in the radiation band of 2.5~4μm. The perovskite wet film is then subjected to scanning annealing, with the same motion path as the air knife drying. The power of the halogen infrared annealing is 600-1000W; the scanning speed is synchronized with the air knife drying speed (10-20mm / s), and the distance between the halogen infrared annealing lamp and the air knife-dried film is 50-100 mm. The perovskite wet film is irradiated under infrared radiation for at least 10 seconds.

[0036] This invention employs infrared annealing to achieve rapid and efficient localized heating. Compared to traditional heated plate annealing, it consumes less energy, responds faster, and helps reduce overall manufacturing costs. Specifically, after initial drying with an air knife, the perovskite wet film is immediately scanned and heated using infrared radiation of a specific wavelength. Near-infrared energy is efficiently absorbed by the perovskite material, achieving rapid, bulk heating at the molecular level, inducing rapid nucleation and growth of perovskite crystals, and completing the transformation from an amorphous phase to a high-quality perovskite crystalline phase.

[0037] In summary, for complex curved substrates (such as automotive sunroof glass), this embodiment of the invention uses a scanner to scan the three-dimensional morphology of the automotive curved glass substrate surface in real time, and feeds the three-dimensional data of the automotive curved glass substrate back to computer software for data processing, constructing a digital model through AI algorithms. In the computer software, the three-dimensional model is precisely calibrated and aligned with the coordinate systems of ultrasonic spraying, air knife drying, and halogen infrared annealing. The control driver dynamically adjusts the posture and trajectory of ultrasonic spraying, air knife drying, and halogen infrared annealing to ensure the consistency of coating, drying, and annealing process parameters across the entire complex curved surface.

[0038] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0039] Example 1 This invention provides a system 100 for preparing curved perovskite thin films for automotive applications. (See also...) Figure 1 It includes a contour scanner 110 and an intelligent control unit 130. The contour scanner 110 is connected to the intelligent control unit 130, and then the contour scanner 110 scans the automotive curved glass substrate to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data; the intelligent control unit 130 constructs a digital three-dimensional model based on the received scanning results, and calibrates and aligns the coordinate systems of wet coating, air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing based on the digital three-dimensional model.

[0040] Simultaneously, the paths for wet coating (ultrasonic spraying), air knife drying, and halogen infrared annealing are planned based on the curvature characteristics of the digital 3D model. Specifically, the nozzle axis at the droplet deposition point of the wet coating is always parallel to the direction of the surface normal vector at that point; air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing both proceed horizontally along the X-axis direction of the automotive curved glass substrate.

[0041] It also includes a multi-axis linkage robotic arm 120 (e.g., a six-axis robotic arm), with an intelligent control unit 130 connected to the multi-axis linkage robotic arm 120, thereby controlling the apparatus for wet coating, air knife drying, and halogen infrared annealing. Specifically, it also includes a wet coating head 140, with the multi-axis linkage robotic arm 120 connected to the wet coating head 140, and the intelligent control unit 130 controlling the multi-axis linkage robotic arm to enable the wet coating head 140 to perform wet coating.

[0042] It also includes an air knife device 150 for air knife drying, which is connected to the multi-axis linkage robotic arm 120 and located after the wet coating head 140, and then performs air knife drying immediately after wet coating; wherein, the distance between the air knife device 150 and the wet coating head 140 is 20-50cm.

[0043] It also includes a halogen infrared lamp 160, which is connected to the multi-axis linkage robotic arm 120 and located after the halogen infrared lamp 160, and then halogen infrared annealing is performed immediately after the air knife drying; wherein, the distance between the halogen infrared lamp 160 and the air knife device 150 is 20-50cm.

[0044] Both the air knife device 150 and the halogen infrared lamp 160 can extend and retract along the Z-axis. The movement path of both is controlled by a shaft-linked robotic arm.

[0045] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing curved perovskite thin films, including: Ultrasonic cleaning, ultraviolet ozone, and oxygen plasma treatment are performed on the curved glass substrate for automotive applications.

[0046] Formamidinium iodide (FAI), cesium iodide (CsI), and lead iodide (PbI2) were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added to form 1,2MFA. 0.95 Cs0 .05 The precursor ink is a PbI3 precursor with a viscosity of 10 cP.

[0047] A contour scanner 110 is used to perform non-contact scanning on the glass substrate of the vehicle body to obtain its high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data and reconstruct a digital three-dimensional model.

[0048] In computer software, the digital 3D model is precisely calibrated and aligned with the coordinate systems of the ultrasonic spraying wet coating head 140, the air knife device 150, and the halogen infrared lamp 160.

[0049] Based on the curvature characteristics of the digital 3D model, the ultrasonic spraying path is planned on the surface of the digital 3D model; the path planning must ensure that the nozzle axis at the droplet deposition point is always parallel to the direction of the surface normal vector at that point to ensure vertical spraying.

[0050] Wet Coating: Wet coating deposition was performed using ultrasonic spraying with a 0.3 mm nozzle. The prepared precursor ink was delivered at a rate of 0.25 mL / min, and clean, dry compressed nitrogen was used as the atomizing gas, with the atomizing pressure controlled at 0.35 MPa. The distance between the spray gun head and the surface of the automotive curved glass substrate was maintained at 18 cm. A programmable six-axis robotic arm moved the spray gun, ensuring that the spray gun axis always coincided with the local curved surface normal direction of the automotive curved glass substrate. The moving speed was set to 250 mm / s, and the overlap rate of adjacent spray paths was 40%. The spraying was repeated for 8 cycles.

[0051] Rapid solvent removal via air knife drying: An air knife device 150 is placed after ultrasonic spraying for preliminary solvent removal. The air knife device 150 can extend and retract along the Z-axis, and its movement path is controlled by a multi-axis linkage robotic arm 120, advancing horizontally along the X-axis direction of the curved substrate. The distance between the outlet of the air knife device 150 and the surface of the perovskite wet film is 15mm. High-purity nitrogen is used as the gas source, the gas temperature is set to 60℃, the airflow velocity is controlled at 8m / s, and the stepping speed is 15mm / s. The surface of the perovskite wet film is instantaneously purged to quickly remove most of the solvent, causing the film to change from a liquid state to a non-flowing gel state within 2-3 seconds.

[0052] Infrared rapid annealing: Immediately after the air knife device 150, a halogen infrared lamp 160 (radiation band 2.5~4μm) is deployed to scan and anneal the perovskite wet film. The halogen infrared lamp 160 can extend and retract along the Z-axis, and its movement path is controlled by a multi-axis linkage robotic arm 120 to be the same as that of the air knife device 150. The infrared lamp power is set to 800W, the scanning speed is synchronized with the air knife speed at 15mm / s, and the lamp distance from the substrate surface is 80mm. The film is irradiated under infrared radiation for 15s.

[0053] Example 3-Example 4 Examples 3 and 4 each provide a method for preparing curved perovskite thin films. These methods are the same as those provided in Example 2, differing only in some conditions. Details are as follows: Example 3: The atomizing gas for wet coating is argon, the pressure of argon is 0.3 MPa, the distance between the wet coating nozzle and the surface of the automotive curved glass substrate is 20 cm, the moving speed of the wet coating spray gun is 200 mm / s, and the overlap rate of adjacent spray paths is 45%.

[0054] The distance between the air knife outlet and the perovskite wet film in the air knife drying process is 10 mm. The gas used for air knife drying is argon, the temperature is 40℃, the airflow rate is 10 m / s, and the stepping speed is 10 mm / s.

[0055] The power of the halogen infrared annealing is 600W, the stepping speed is 10mm / s, the distance between the halogen infrared annealing lamp and the film after air knife drying is 50mm, and the drying time is 20s.

[0056] Example 4: The atomizing gas for wet coating is a mixture of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 1:1, the pressure of the mixed gas is 0.4 MPa, the distance between the wet coating nozzle and the surface of the automotive curved glass substrate is 15 cm, the moving speed of the wet coating spray gun is 300 mm / s, and the overlap rate of adjacent spray paths is 35%.

[0057] The distance between the air knife outlet and the perovskite wet film in the air knife drying process is 20 mm. The gas used for air knife drying is a mixture of argon and nitrogen in a volume ratio of 1:1. The temperature of the mixed gas is 80℃, the airflow is 5 m / s, and the stepping speed is 20 mm / s.

[0058] The power of the halogen infrared annealing is 1000W, the stepping speed is 20mm / s, the distance between the halogen infrared annealing lamp and the film after air knife drying is 100mm, and the drying time is 12s.

[0059] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 provides a method for preparing a curved perovskite thin film for automotive applications. This method is the same as the method provided in Example 2, except that the coating method is different. Specifically, this comparative example uses a slit coating process. Due to the limitations of the process equipment structure, the cutter head can only operate at the same horizontal height. During the preparation of the thin film on the curved substrate, the thickness of the film may be uneven, which may cause the thinner areas to be easily broken down by the electric field, forming leakage channels. This intensifies the recombination of charges inside the battery and lowers the open circuit voltage of the entire battery.

[0060] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 provides a method for preparing a curved perovskite thin film for automotive applications. This method is the same as that provided in Example 2, except for the wet coating conditions. Specifically, the wet coating parameters are set as follows: the same spraying system is used, but the liquid flow rate is increased to 0.8 mL / min, while the atomizing pressure is reduced to 0.15 MPa. The spraying distance is shortened to 8 cm.

[0061] The spray gun movement is manual, making it impossible to guarantee a constant distance, angle, and speed. The perovskite film obtained in this comparative example exhibits obvious flow marks, large areas of color inhomogeneity, and cloud-like patterns visible to the naked eye. Electron microscopy reveals defects such as uneven coverage, numerous pinholes, and cracks, making it impossible to form a continuous, dense film.

[0062] Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 3 provides a method for preparing a curved perovskite thin film for automotive applications. This method is the same as that provided in Example 2, except for the wet coating conditions. Specifically, the atomizing gas used in the wet coating is compressed air that has not undergone water and oxygen treatment (i.e., dewatering and deoxygenation). The perovskite thin film obtained by this comparative example method may contain light yellow or yellowish-brown impurities, indicating that under the influence of water and oxygen in the compressed air, the perovskite precursor underwent a severe hydrolysis reaction during film formation and crystallization, producing a large amount of PbI2, leading to the collapse of the perovskite structure, performance degradation, or even failure.

[0063] Comparing Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention, by introducing a multi-axis linkage robotic arm for precise path planning, collaboratively optimize the parameters of wet coating, and use high-purity inert gas as the atomizing gas, together constitute a complete inert atmosphere protective spraying process. This process system effectively suppresses the oxidation and hydrolysis side reactions of the perovskite precursor during atomization, and at the same time achieves high uniformity and defect-free film coverage on complex curved substrates, laying a solid foundation for the fabrication of high-efficiency and high-stability perovskite solar cells.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a curved perovskite thin film for a vehicle, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: scanning the vehicle curved glass substrate to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data and build a digital three-dimensional model; calibrating and aligning the coordinate system of wet coating according to the digital three-dimensional model; at the same time, planning a wet coating path according to the curvature characteristics of the digital three-dimensional model, which meets the following requirements: the axis of the wet coating droplet deposition nozzle is always parallel to the direction of the surface normal vector at the point; wet coating according to the planned path by ultrasonic spraying or inkjet printing.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, The wet coating meets the following requirements: (1) the atomizing gas is dry compressed inert gas; (2) the pressure of the atomizing gas is 0.3-0.4Mpa; (3) the distance between the wet coating nozzle and the surface of the vehicle curved glass substrate is 15-20cm; (4) the moving speed of the wet coating spray gun is 200-300mm / s; (5) the overlap rate of adjacent spraying paths during wet coating is 35-45%.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calibration and alignment also include calibration and alignment of air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing; Preferably, air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing are carried out immediately after wet coating; wherein air knife drying and halogen infrared annealing are both carried out horizontally along the X-axis direction of the vehicle curved glass substrate.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air knife drying meets the following requirements: (1) the distance between the air knife outlet of the air knife drying and the perovskite wet film formed by wet coating is 10-20mm; (2) the gas used for air knife drying is inert gas; (3) the temperature of the gas used for air knife drying is 40-80℃; (4) the gas flow speed of the gas used for air knife drying is 5-10m / s; (5) the step speed during air knife drying is 10-20mm / s.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the air knife drying processes the perovskite wet film formed by wet coating, the perovskite wet film is converted from liquid state to non-flowing gel state within 2-3 seconds.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The halogen infrared annealing meets the following requirements: (1) the power is 600-1000w; (2) the speed is consistent with the step speed of air knife drying; (3) the distance between the halogen infrared annealing lamp and the film after air knife drying is 50-100mm; (4) the time is not less than 10s.

7. A system for preparing a curved perovskite thin film for a vehicle, the system comprising: a deposition source; a substrate; and a substrate holder configured to hold the substrate in a curved position. The preparation system of the vehicle curved perovskite thin film is used to implement the preparation method of the vehicle curved perovskite thin film according to claim 1; The preparation system comprises a profile scanner, an intelligent control unit, a multi-axis linkage mechanical arm, and a wet coating head; The profile scanner is connected with the intelligent control unit, and then the profile scanner scans the vehicle curved glass substrate to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data; The intelligent control unit is used to build a digital three-dimensional model, and calibrate and align the coordinate system of wet coating according to the digital three-dimensional model; At the same time, a wet coating path is planned according to the curvature characteristics of the digital three-dimensional model, which meets the following requirements: the axis of the wet coating droplet deposition nozzle is always parallel to the direction of the surface normal vector at the point; The intelligent control unit is connected with the multi-axis linkage mechanical arm, and the multi-axis linkage mechanical arm is connected with the wet coating head, and then the intelligent control unit controls the multi-axis linkage mechanical arm to make the wet coating head wet coating.

8. The production system according to claim 7, characterized in that Further comprising a wind knife device connected with the multi-axis linkage mechanical arm and located behind the wet coating head, so as to immediately perform wind knife drying after wet coating; Preferably, the distance between the wind knife device and the wet coating head is 20-50 cm.

9. The production system according to claim 8, characterized in that Further comprising a halogen infrared lamp connected with the multi-axis linkage mechanical arm and located behind the halogen infrared lamp, so as to immediately perform halogen infrared annealing after wind knife drying; Preferably, the distance between the halogen infrared lamp and the wind knife device is 20-50 cm.

10. A curved on-vehicle photovoltaic, characterized by comprising: The application further provides a vehicle curved surface perovskite thin film prepared by the method. The application further provides a vehicle, which comprises the vehicle curved surface perovskite thin film prepared by the method.

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