Performance monitoring for beam prediction in lower layer triggered mobility

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may transmit time domain beam prediction results regarding prediction resources of a lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) source cell to an LTM target cell. The UE may transmit information about a secondary reference signal (RS) of the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] All aspects of this disclosure relate to wireless communication in general, and to techniques and apparatus for performance monitoring of beam prediction in mobility triggered at lower layers. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, broadcasting, or other similar services. These wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies that enable communication with several users by sharing available wireless communication system resources.

[0003] Despite significant technological advancements in wireless communication systems over the years, challenges remain. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and receivers. Therefore, there is a continuous expectation for improving the technical performance of wireless communication systems, including, for example: improving communication speed and data carrying capacity; improving the efficiency of shared communication media; reducing the power used by transmitters and receivers during communication; improving the reliability of wireless communication; avoiding redundant transmission and / or reception and related processing; improving the coverage area of ​​wireless communication; increasing the number and types of devices that can access the wireless communication system; increasing the ability of different types of devices to communicate with each other; and increasing the number and types of available wireless communication media. Therefore, there is a need for further improvements to wireless communication systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and other obstacles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE). The method may include: transmitting time-domain beam prediction results of predicted resources for an LTM target cell to a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) source cell. The method may also include: transmitting information about an auxiliary reference signal (RS) for the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell.

[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method for wireless communication performed by an LTM source cell. The method may include: receiving from a UE a time-domain beam prediction result regarding predicted resources of an LTM target cell. The method may include: receiving information about an auxiliary RS for the LTM target cell. The method may include: transmitting the information about the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell.

[0006] Other aspects provide: an apparatus capable of operating to, configured to, or otherwise adapted to perform any or more of the foregoing methods and / or those methods described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and illustrated therein; a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of the apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the foregoing methods and / or those methods described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and illustrated therein; an apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to perform the foregoing methods and / or those methods described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and illustrated therein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium including code for performing the foregoing methods and / or those methods described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and illustrated therein; and / or an apparatus comprising components for performing the foregoing methods and / or those methods described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and illustrated therein. By way of example, an apparatus may include a processing system, a device having a processing system, or a processing system cooperating through one or more networks.

[0007] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure have been summarized rather extensively above in order to better understand the detailed description below. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily utilized as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, in both their organization and manner of operation, and the associated advantages, will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each drawing provided in the drawings is for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a limitation of the definitions in the claims.

[0008] While aspects are described herein by way of example, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The techniques described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or package arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user equipment, vehicles, communication equipment, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / shopping devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating the described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers). The aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user equipment of various sizes, shapes, and configurations. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To gain a full understanding of the foregoing features of this disclosure, a more specific description of the invention, briefly outlined above, can be obtained by referring to various aspects, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting its scope, as other equally valid aspects are permissible in this description. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0010] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication network according to this disclosure is depicted.

[0011] Figure 2 Aspects of an example base station (BS) and a UE according to this disclosure are described.

[0012] Figure 3 An example decomposed base station architecture according to this disclosure is described.

[0013] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4D Various aspects of the data structure of the wireless communication network according to this disclosure are described.

[0014] Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of lower-level triggered mobility (LTM) according to this disclosure.

[0015] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of an LTM process according to this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 8 This is an illustration of an example of beam management based on artificial intelligence and / or machine learning (AI / ML) according to this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of signaling associated with information about auxiliary RS according to this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of an example method for wireless communication.

[0019] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of an example method for wireless communication.

[0020] Figure 12 The diagram illustrates an example of a specific implementation of the code and circuitry for a communication device according to this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 13 The diagram illustrates an example of a specific implementation of the code and circuitry for a communication device according to this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This disclosure provides apparatus, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable media for performance monitoring of beam prediction in lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM).

[0023] The aspects of this disclosure relate to signaling mechanisms for predicting and reporting communication resources during lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedures, but the aspects described herein can be applied to contexts other than LTM, such as conventional mobility involving higher-layer signaling. An LTM procedure is a handover process for transferring a user equipment (UE) from a source cell to a target cell while in a connected state (specifically via lower-layer signaling, such as Layer 1 (L1) / Layer 2 (L2) signaling). When a UE connects to, communicates with, or is communicating within a cell, it may connect to a network entity implementing the cell and may communicate with the network entity in a specific frequency range. A network entity may provide coverage in more than one cell, such as where the network entity communicates with the UE in different frequency ranges and / or regions. Accordingly, a UE transfer from a source cell to a target cell may refer to a UE transferring from communicating with a first network entity in a first frequency range to communicating with the first network entity in a second frequency range. As another example, a UE switching from a source cell to a target cell may refer to a UE switching from communicating with a first network entity in a first frequency range to communicating with a second network entity in either a first frequency range or a second frequency range.

[0024] In some cases, a UE may be configured to measure the channel characteristics of a source cell (e.g., the UE's serving cell) and / or a target cell and report these measurements to one or more network entities. Based on these measured channel characteristics, a network entity (e.g., of the UE's serving cell) may decide to hand over the UE's connection from the source cell (also known as a handover) to the target cell (e.g., due to a predicted beamout at the source cell, a higher Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) at the target cell, etc.). Therefore, a network entity may trigger the initiation of an LTM procedure by sending an LTM message (e.g., a command) instructing the UE to switch from communicating on the source cell to communicating on the target cell.

[0025] In some cases, the measured channel characteristics of the target cell are determined based on the signals transmitted by the downlink transmit beams of the target cell's network entity (such as Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), etc.). For example, different downlink transmit beams of the target cell's network entity can be used to transmit different signals in different communication resources (e.g., time-frequency resources). Therefore, the UE measures different communication resources to determine the measurement of each signal in the signal (e.g., RSRP).

[0026] In some respects, a network entity in a target cell can use a relatively wide beam to transmit signals such as Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) compared to using a relatively narrow beam to transmit signals such as CSI-RS. Therefore, a network entity in a target cell can transmit relatively fewer SSBs to cover the same given geographic area compared to the number of CSI-RS it can transmit to cover that area. Thus, this paper refers to two types of beams for signal transmission between the network entity and the UE: wide beams and narrow beams. Wide beams have a wider beamwidth to cover a larger geographic area, while narrow beams focus the beamwidth onto a smaller area.

[0027] In some cases, measurements of communication resources (such as UE measurements of signals (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, etc.) on communication resources) are used by the UE and / or one or more network entities to determine one or more beams for communication between the UE and a network entity in a target cell. For example, after receiving a cell handover command, the UE may measure one or more signals transmitted by a network entity in the target cell on one or more communication resources. The UE measuring signals on communication resources may be referred to as the UE measuring the communication resources. The UE may use its corresponding downlink receive beam (defined by spatial transmission parameters) to measure each communication resource. For example, the UE may use the same downlink receive beam to measure some communication resources and may use different downlink receive beams to measure others.

[0028] In some aspects, the UE may determine that one or more measured communication resources meet criteria (e.g., a threshold RSRP, the highest RSRP among the measured communication resources, etc.) and may communicate this information to network entities (e.g., the source cell, the target cell, etc.). For example, the UE may determine that a first communication resource meets the criteria. A first signal may have been transmitted in the first communication resource by the network entity of the target cell using a first downlink transmit beam, and the first signal may have been measured by the UE using a first downlink receive beam. In some aspects, one or more beams determined for communication between the UE and the network entity of the target cell are determined based on the first communication resource satisfaction criteria and may include the first downlink transmit beam of the network entity of the target cell and the first downlink receive beam of the UE.

[0029] Additionally, one or more beams may include a first uplink receive beam of a network entity that is quasi-co-located and / or spatially similar to a first downlink transmit beam of the network entity. One or more beams may also include a first uplink transmit beam that is quasi-co-located and / or spatially similar to a first downlink receive beam of the UE.

[0030] In some respects, when a UE measures communication resources on which it uses narrow beams to transmit signals (e.g., CSI-RS), one or more beams determined for communication between the UE and the network entity of the target cell may be narrow beams. Using narrow beams can help improve throughput, thereby increasing the reliability of communication, by concentrating energy in the narrow beam, and allows for the transmission of more data, such as using decoding schemes with less redundancy.

[0031] In some respects, when a UE measures communication resources on which it uses wide beams to transmit signals (e.g., SSB), one or more beams determined for communication between the UE and the network entity of the target cell may be wide beams. Using wide beams may reduce throughput, for example, by using decoding schemes with more redundancy.

[0032] Therefore, there may be a throughput benefit for UEs measuring communication resources that use narrow beams to transmit signals compared to wide beams. However, as discussed, there are relatively more narrow beams available to cover a given geographical area compared to wide beams. Therefore, if measuring communication resources that use narrow beams to transmit signals compared to wide beams, the UE may have to measure a larger number of communication resources, which could consume more power for the UE to measure a larger number of communication resources.

[0033] Therefore, in some cases, the UE may first measure the communication resources on which it transmits signals using wide beams, such that one or more beams are initially wide beams, and then perform an additional beam refinement process (e.g., wide-to-narrow beam refinement) after the UE connects to the target cell to determine the narrow beams used for communication, such as by measuring the communication resources on which it transmits signals using narrow beams (e.g., a limited number of narrow beams that geographically cover the initial wide beam). Performing an additional beam refinement process after the UE has switched cells and connected to the target cell may result in additional throughput interruptions at the UE, at least until a beam pair capable of providing sufficient throughput performance for communication between the network entity of the target cell and the UE is determined. For example, for uplink communication, the beam pair may include the UE transmit beam and the cell network entity receive beam (corresponding to the receive beam of the network entity providing coverage in the cell). For downlink communication, the beam pair may include the UE receive beam and the cell transmit beam of the network entity (corresponding to the transmit beam of the network entity providing coverage in the cell).

[0034] The technical solution to the aforementioned technical problem is to introduce the use of artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) techniques for beam prediction during the LTM process. For example, during the LTM process, a cell handover command sent from the network entity to the UE can trigger a prediction of communication resources (e.g., a "second set of communication resources associated with a set of beams (set B beams), which may correspond to a transmit beam or a receive beam) based on measurements of one or more signals conveyed in another set of communication resources (e.g., referred to as "a first set of communication resources associated with another set of beams (set A beams), which may correspond to a transmit beam"). An identifier of the second set of predicted communication resources and / or the channel characteristics predicted for the second set of communication resources can be transmitted to the network entity. The network entity can use such an identifier and / or the predicted channel characteristics to determine the set of uplink receive beams or downlink transmit beams associated with the network entity that will be used for subsequent communication with the UE via the target cell. In some cases, the measured signal transmitted in the first set of communications associated with “set B beam” is an SSB transmitted via a wide beam, while the predicted second set of communication resources associated with “set A beam” is a communication resource associated with a narrow beam. Therefore, even when the measured signal is transmitted via a wide beam, it may not be necessary to perform an additional beam refinement process (e.g., for determining the narrow beam used for communication).

[0035] In some examples, beam prediction can be time-domain beam prediction. In time-domain beam prediction, the UE predicts the beam parameters at a future time-domain moment based on current or past measurements of the beam, such as measured values ​​or previous measurements. KEach beam. The UE can perform performance monitoring for AI / ML-based beam prediction, which may include comparing beam predictions with beam measurements.

[0036] For UE-side time-domain beam prediction, performance monitoring for single-cell scenarios may be difficult to directly apply to beam prediction in LTM. For example, for single-cell beam prediction, UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring can be achieved by transmitting the actual beam (referred to herein as the auxiliary RS) corresponding to the predicted beam predicted by the UE during a future time-domain timing period. The UE can measure such a beam and compare the measurement results with the beam prediction results. The UE can also send (e.g., feedback) information to network entities indicating the difference between the measurement and the prediction.

[0037] However, difficulties may arise both before and after LTM cell handover, regarding the scheduling and monitoring of beams (e.g., narrow beams) via auxiliary RS. For example, after LTM cell handover, signaling may not be defined to support the UE requesting auxiliary RS from one or more LTM target cells for performance monitoring of previously predicted data. Furthermore, LTM target cells may be non-serving cells, meaning the UE does not have information about the CSI-RS configuration of such LTM target cells before handover. Therefore, existing signaling frameworks may not support the UE providing indications of preferred beams for performance monitoring of LTM target cells. This is particularly advantageous in scenarios where the UE is frequently used in a specific area and is equipped by default only with a generalized beam prediction model trained offline. Once the UE is used in such a specific area, this fine-tuning of the AI / ML model can be performed with a limited number of trials, where the refined model can be fully used once the UE sees satisfactory prediction performance.

[0038] This disclosure generally relates to signaling regarding information about auxiliary RS to be transmitted by the LTM target cell. Some aspects more specifically relate to transmitting this information to the LTM source cell, enabling the LTM source cell to forward the information to the LTM target cell. In some aspects, in addition to information about the auxiliary RS, the UE may also transmit to the LTM source cell time-domain (TD) beam prediction results of the predicted resources of the LTM target cell. The LTM target cell may forward the TD beam prediction results to the LTM target cell. In some aspects, the LTM target cell may transmit the auxiliary RS based on the information about the auxiliary RS.

[0039] The aspects of this disclosure can be used to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some aspects, by signaling information about the auxiliary RS and TD beam prediction results to the LTM source cell, the described techniques can be used to achieve auxiliary RS transmission and performance monitoring for the LTM target cell relative to explicitly configuring auxiliary RS transmission at the LTM target cell to reduce latency, and without requiring CSI-RS configuration of the auxiliary RS at the LTM target cell. In some aspects, the UE can provide feedback on TD beam prediction results via CSI reporting, which can be beneficial for one-off feedback regarding performance monitoring. In some aspects, the UE can provide feedback via a media access control element, which can increase the reliability of the feedback.

[0040] Various aspects of this disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any particular structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided to make this disclosure thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of this disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or method of practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such apparatus or methods practiced using structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities other than or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0041] Various devices and techniques will now be used to illustrate several aspects of a telecommunications system. These devices and techniques will be described in detail below and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively, “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0042] Although terms generally associated with 5G or New Radio (NR) Radio Access Technology (RAT) may be used herein to describe aspects, aspects of this disclosure may be applied to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT and / or 5G and later (e.g., 6G) RATs.

[0043] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication network 100 according to this disclosure is depicted.

[0044] Generally, wireless communication network 100 includes various network entities (optionally, network elements or network nodes). Network entities are typically communication devices and / or communication functions performed by communication devices (e.g., UEs, base stations (BSs), components of BSs, servers, etc.). For example, various functions of the network and various devices associated with and interacting with the network can be considered network entities. Furthermore, wireless communication network 100 includes terrestrial aspects (such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BS 110)) and / or non-terrestrial aspects (such as satellite 140 and aircraft 145), which may include onboard network entities (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and UEs.

[0045] In the depicted example, the wireless communication network 100 includes a BS 110, a UE 120, and one or more core networks (such as an evolved packet core (EPC) 160 and a 5G core (5GC) 190) that interoperate to provide communication services over various communication links, including wired and wireless links.

[0046] Figure 1 Various example UEs 120 are described, which may include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players, cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, air pumps, kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Always On (AON) devices, edge processing devices, or other similar devices. UE 120 may also be referred to as mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, remote devices, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, or mobile phones, etc.

[0047] BS 110 can wirelessly communicate with UE 120 via communication link 170 (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from the UE). Communication link 170 between BS 110 and UE 120 can carry uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 120 to BS 110 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from BS 110 to UE 120. In various aspects, communication link 170 may utilize multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity.

[0048] BS 110 may include, for example, Node B, Enhanced Node B (eNB), Next Generation Enhanced Node B (ng-eNB), Next Generation Node B (gNB or gNodeB), access point, transceiver base station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver functionality, transmit / receive point, etc. BS 110 may provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 112, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and in some cases may overlap (e.g., a small cell provided by BS 110a may have a coverage area 112' that overlaps with the coverage area 112 of a macro cell). For example, BS 110 may provide communication coverage for macro cells (covering a relatively large geographic area), pico cells (covering a relatively small geographic area, such as a stadium), femtocells (covering a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home)), and / or other types of cells.

[0049] Although the BS 110 is described as a single communication device in various aspects, it can be implemented in a variety of configurations. For example, one or more components of the BS can be decomposed, including a central unit (CU), one or more distributed units (DU), one or more radio units (RU), a near real-time (near RT) radio access network (RAN) intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, to name a few. Also, various aspects of the BS can be virtualized. More generally, a BS (e.g., BS 110) can include components located in a single physical location or components located in various physical locations. In the example where the BS includes components located in various physical locations, each component can perform its own function, such that the various components collectively achieve functionality similar to a BS located in a single physical location. In some aspects, a BS including components located in various physical locations can be described as having a decomposed RAN architecture, such as an open RAN (O-RAN) architecture or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) architecture. Figure 3 An example decomposed BS architecture is depicted and described.

[0050] Different BSs 110 within the wireless communication network 100 can also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, 5G, and / or 6G. For example, a BS 110 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interface with an EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., an S1 interface). A BS 110 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with a 5GC 190 via a second backhaul link 184. BSs 110 can communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other via a third backhaul link 134 (e.g., an X2 interface or an XN interface), which can be wired or wireless.

[0051] Wireless communication network 100 can subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various categories, bands, channels, or other characteristics. In some respects, the subdivision is based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as carrier, subcarrier, channel, tone, or subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines frequency range 1 (FR1) as including 410MHz-7125MHz, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as “sub-6GHz”. Similarly, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) currently defines frequency range 2 (FR2) as including 24,250MHz-52,600MHz, which is sometimes (interchangeably) referred to as “millimeter wave” (“mmW” or “mmWave”). Base stations configured to communicate using mmWave or near-mmWave radio bands (e.g., mmWave base stations such as BS 110b) can utilize beamforming with UEs (e.g., 120) (e.g., as shown by 182) to improve path loss and range.

[0052] The communication link 170 between BS 110 and, for example, UE 120, may be via one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, and / or other bandwidths) and may be aggregated in various ways. The carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. In some examples, the allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL).

[0053] Compared to lower-frequency communication, communication using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and shorter range. Accordingly, some base stations (e.g., Figure 1Base station 110b can utilize beamforming with UE 120 to improve path loss and range, as shown at 182. For example, BS 110b and UE 120 may each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays, to facilitate beamforming. In some cases, BS 110b can transmit beamformed signals to UE 120 in one or more transmit directions 182'. UE 120 can receive beamformed signals from BS 110b in one or more receive directions 182''. UE 120 can also transmit beamformed signals to BS 110b in one or more transmit directions 182''. BS 110b can also receive beamformed signals from UE 120 in one or more receive directions 182''. BS 110b and UE 120 can then perform beamforming training to determine the optimal receive and transmit directions for each of BS 110b and UE 120. It is worth noting that the transmission and reception directions of BS 110b can be the same or different. Similarly, the transmission and reception directions of UE 120 can be the same or different.

[0054] The wireless communication network 100 may include a Wi-Fi access point 150 that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in, for example, unlicensed spectrum in 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz.

[0055] Some UEs 120 may use device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158 to communicate with each other. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and / or physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

[0056] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: Mobility Management Entity (MME) 161, other MMEs 162, Serving Gateway 163, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 164, Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 165, and / or Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 166, as in the illustrated example. MME 161 may communicate with Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 167. MME 161 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 120 and EPC 160. Generally, MME 161 provides bearer and connectivity management.

[0057] Generally, user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through Serving Gateway 163, which is connected to PDN Gateway 166. PDN Gateway 166 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. PDN Gateway 166 and BM-SC 165 are connected to IP services 168, which may include, for example, the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), packet-switched (PS) streaming services, and / or other IP services.

[0058] The BM-SC 165 provides functionality for MBMS user service dispatch and delivery. The BM-SC 165 can serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and / or schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 164 can distribute MBMS services to BS 110 within a Broadcast-Specific Service Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area, and / or be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting eMBMS-related billing information.

[0059] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 191, other AMFs 192, Session Management Function (SMF) 193, and User Plane Function (UPF) 194. AMF 191 can communicate with Unified Data Management (UDM) 195.

[0060] AMF 191 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 120 and 5GC 190. AMF 191 provides services such as Quality of Service (QoS) flow and session management.

[0061] IP packets are transmitted via UPF 194, which connects to IP service 196 and provides UE IP address allocation and other functions for 5GC 190. IP service 196 may include, for example, the Internet, intranet, IMS, PS streaming service and / or other IP services.

[0062] In various aspects, to give a few examples, network entities or network nodes can be implemented as aggregated base stations, decomposed base stations, components of base stations, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) nodes, relay nodes, sidelink nodes, transmit and receive points (TRPs), or combinations thereof.

[0063] As indicated above, Figure 1 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0064] Figure 2 Various aspects of example BS 110 and UE 120 according to this disclosure are depicted.

[0065] Generally, BS 110 includes various processors (e.g., 220, 230, 238, and 240), antennas 234a-234t (collectively referred to as 234), transceivers 232a-232t (collectively referred to as 232) including modulators and demodulators, and other aspects that enable the wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 212) and the wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 239). For example, BS 110 can transmit and receive data between BS 110 and UE 120. BS 110 includes a controller / processor 240 (which may include one or more processors) that can be configured to implement the various functions described herein related to wireless communication.

[0066] Generally, UE 120 includes various processors (e.g., 258, 264, 266, and 280), antennas 252a-252r (collectively referred to as 252), and transceivers 254a-254r (collectively referred to as 254, and which may include one or more transceivers), including modulators and demodulators, among other aspects. These components enable the wireless transmission of data (e.g., from data source 262) and the wireless reception of data (e.g., to data sink 260). UE 120 includes a controller / processor 280 (which may include one or more processors) that can be configured to implement the various functions described herein related to wireless communication.

[0067] For example downlink transmission, BS 110 includes a transmission processor 220 that can receive data from data source 212 and control information from controller / processor 240. This control information may be for the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH), Physical Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Indicator Channel (PHICH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Group Common PDCCH (GC PDCCH), and / or other channels. In some examples, this data may be for the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

[0068] The transmitter processor 220 can process data and control information (e.g., encoding and symbol mapping) to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmitter processor 220 can also generate reference symbols such as those for the primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0069] The transmit (TX) MIMO processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, and / or reference symbols where applicable, and can provide the output symbol stream to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 232a-232t. Each modulator in transceivers 232a-232t can process its corresponding output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The downlink signal from the modulators in transceivers 232a-232t can be transmitted via antennas 234a-234t, respectively.

[0070] UE 120 includes antennas 252a-252r that receive downlink signals from BS 110 and provide the received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 254a-254r respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 254a-254r can modulate (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and digitize) the corresponding received signal to obtain an input sample. Each demodulator can further process the input sample to obtain the received symbols.

[0071] The receive (RX) MIMO detector 256 acquires received symbols from all demodulators in transceivers 254a-254r, performs MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and provides the detected symbols. The receive processor 258 processes the detected symbols (e.g., demodulation, deinterleaving, and decoding), provides the decoded data from UE 120 to data sink 260, and provides the decoded control information to controller / processor 280.

[0072] For example uplink transmission, UE 120 also includes a transmit processor 264 that receives and processes data from data source 262 (e.g., for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) and control information from controller / processor 280 (e.g., for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)). Transmit processor 264 can also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., for Sounding Reference Signals (SRS)). Symbols from transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by modulators in transceivers 254a-254r (e.g., for SC-FDM), and transmitted to BS 110.

[0073] At BS 110, uplink signals from UE 120 can be received by antennas 234a-234t, processed by demodulators in transceivers 232a-232t, detected by MIMO detector 236 where applicable, and further processed by receiver processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120. Receiver processor 238 can provide the decoded data to data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240. Memory 242 and memory 282 can store data and program code (e.g., processor-executable instructions, computer-executable instructions) for BS 110 and UE 120, respectively. Scheduler 244 can schedule the UE for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0074] In various respects, BS 110 can be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, "transmitting" can refer to various mechanisms that output data, such as from data source 212, scheduler 244, memory 242, transmit processor 220, controller / processor 240, TX MIMO processor 230, transceivers 232a-232t, antennas 234a-234t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, "receiving" can refer to various mechanisms that acquire data, such as from antennas 234a-234t, transceivers 232a-232t, RX MIMO detector 236, controller / processor 240, receive processor 238, scheduler 244, memory 242, network interface, and / or other aspects described herein. Memory 242 may include one or more memories, which may include a first memory of a first type and a second memory of a second type.

[0075] In various respects, UE 120 can also be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” can refer to various mechanisms for outputting data, such as from data source 262, memory 282, transmit processor 264, controller / processor 280, TX MIMO processor 266, transceivers 254a-254t, antennas 252a-252t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” can refer to various mechanisms for acquiring data, such as from antennas 252a-252t, transceivers 254a-254t, RX MIMO detector 256, controller / processor 280, receive processor 258, memory 282, and / or other aspects described herein. Memory 282 may include one or more memories, which may include a first memory of a first type and a second memory of a second type.

[0076] In some aspects, processors may be configured to perform various operations (such as those associated with the methods described herein) and to send (output) data to or receive data from another interface configured to send or receive data, respectively. In some aspects, individual processors may perform all the functions described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, the one or more processors may jointly perform a set of functions. For example, a first set (one or more) of processors may perform a first function described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set (one or more) of processors may perform a second function described as being performed by the one or more processors. The processors of the first set and the processors of the second set may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. The reference to “one or more processors” should be understood as referring to a combination of... Figure 2 Any one or more processors described. The reference to "one or more memories" should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of the corresponding device, such as those in conjunction with... Figure 2 The memory described. For example, a function described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or by different subsets of the one or more memories.

[0077] Although Figure 2 The boxes in the diagram are illustrated as different components, but the functions described above with respect to these boxes may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component, or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to transmit processor 264, receive processor 258, and / or TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of controller / processor 280.

[0078] As indicated above, Figure 2 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0079] Communication systems (such as 5G NR systems) can be deployed in various ways with a variety of components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, RAN nodes, core network nodes, network elements, base stations, or network equipment can be implemented in a converged or decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), TRP, or cell, etc.) or one or more units (or components) that perform base station functions can be implemented as a converged base station (also known as a standalone base station or monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. A "network entity" or "network node" can refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs, or combinations thereof).

[0080] Aggregated base stations (e.g., aggregated network nodes) can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or cell). Decomposed base stations (e.g., decomposed network nodes) can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more cells (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, the CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can also be implemented as a virtual cell, such as a Virtual Central Unit (VCU), a Virtual Distributed Unit (VDU), or a Virtual Radio Unit (VRU), etc.

[0081] Base station type operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in IAB networks, O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Consortium), or vRAN (also known as cloud RAN (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of communication systems by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed individually. Decomposed base stations may include functionality implemented by two or more units across various physical locations, as well as functionality virtually implemented for at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. Each unit of a decomposed base station can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the decomposed base station.

[0082] Figure 3An example disaggregated base station 300 architecture according to this disclosure is depicted. The disaggregated base station 300 architecture may include one or more Cu 310s, which may communicate directly with the core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The Cu 310 may communicate with one or more Du 330s via a corresponding midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). The Du 330 may communicate with one or more RU 340s via a corresponding fronthaul link. The RU 340 may communicate with a corresponding UE 120 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some specific implementations, the UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RU 340s.

[0083] Each unit in the array (e.g., CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO frame 305) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each unit, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the unit's communication interface, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wired transmission media. Additionally or alternatively, these units may include wireless interfaces, which may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers), configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units, or both, via wireless transmission media.

[0084] In some aspects, the CU 310 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 can be configured to handle user plane functions (e.g., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functions (e.g., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or combinations thereof. In some implementations, the CU 310 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling, as needed.

[0085] DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 340s. In some aspects, DU 330 may, at least in part, host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) depending on functional splits (such as those defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 330 or with control functions hosted by CU 310.

[0086] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RU 340s. In some deployments, an RU340 controlled by a DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that at least partially hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) based on functional decomposition such as lower-layer functional decomposition, or both. In this architecture, the RU 340 can be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 120s. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration allows the DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in cloud-based RAN architectures such as vRAN architectures.

[0087] The SMO framework 305 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 390 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325. In some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN, such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via the O1 interface. SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 305.

[0088] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 325, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as an E2 interface, through data collection and actions, connecting one or more CU 310s, one or more DU 330s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 325.

[0089] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and can be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0090] As indicated above, Figure 3 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0091] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4D The present disclosure describes a method for use in wireless communication networks (such as...) Figure 1 All aspects of the data structure of the wireless communication network 100. Figure 4A Figure 400 is an example of the first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure. Figure 4B Figure 430 illustrates an example of a DL channel within a 5G subframe. Figure 4C Figure 450 illustrates an example of the second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and Figure 4D Figure 480 illustrates an example of a UL channel within a 5G subframe.

[0092] Wireless communication systems can utilize Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on both the uplink and downlink. Such systems can also support half-duplex operation using time-division duplex. OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) will (e.g., as...) Figure 4B and Figure 4D The system bandwidth (as described in the text) is divided into several orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Modulation symbols can be transmitted in the frequency domain using OFDM and / or in the time domain using SC-FDM.

[0093] Wireless communication frame structures can be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a specific set of subcarriers, subframes within that set are dedicated to either deep (DL) or ultra-low (UL). Wireless communication frame structures can also be time division duplex (TDD), where for a specific set of subcarriers, subframes within that set are dedicated to both DL and UL.

[0094] exist Figure 4A and Figure 4CIn this example, the wireless communication frame structure is TDD, where D stands for DL, U for UL, and F is flexibly used between DL and UL. The UE can configure the time slot format using the received Time Slot Format Indicator (SFI) (dynamically via DL Control Information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically via RRC signaling). In the depicted example, a 10ms frame is divided into 10 equal-sized 1ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot format. Subframes may also include micro-slots, which typically have fewer symbols than the entire time slot. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0095] In some respects, the number of time slots within a subframe is based on the time slot configuration and parameter set. For example, for time slot configuration 0, different parameter sets (μ) 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 time slots per subframe, respectively. For time slot configuration 1, different parameter sets 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 time slots per subframe, respectively. Therefore, for time slot configuration 0 and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols per time slot and 2 per subframe. µ Each time slot. Subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are functions of the parameter set. Subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2. μ ×15kHz, where μ is the parameter set index, which can be selected from values ​​0 to 5. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing is 15kHz for parameter set µ=0 and 480kHz for parameter set µ=5. Other parameter sets and subcarrier spacings can be used. Symbol length / duration is negatively correlated with subcarrier spacing. Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4D Examples are provided for slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and parameter set µ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.

[0096] like Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4D As depicted, the resource grid can be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also known as a physical RB (PRB)) extending for, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0097] like Figure 4AAs illustrated, some REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE (e.g., UE 120). The RS may include DMRS and / or CSI-RS for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0098] Figure 4B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PDCCH carries the DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE comprising, for example, nine RE groups (REGs), each REG comprising, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.

[0099] The PSS can be located within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE (e.g., UE 120) to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification.

[0100] SSS can be located within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of a frame. SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identifier group number and radio frame timing.

[0101] Based on the Physical Layer Identifier and Physical Layer Cell Identifier Group Number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DMRS. The PBCH carrying the Master Information Block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block (also known as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the System Frame Number (SFN). The PDSCH carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted via the PBCH (such as System Information Block (SIB)), and / or paging messages.

[0102] like Figure 4C As illustrated, some REs in the REs carry DMRS for channel estimation at the base station (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible). The UE can transmit DMRS for PUCCH and DMRS for PUSCH. PUSCH DMRS can be transmitted, for example, in the first or second symbol before the PUSCH. PUCCH DMRS can be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is being transmitted and depending on the specific PUCCH format used. UE 120 can transmit SRS. SRS can be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. SRS can have a comb structure, and the UE can transmit SRS on one of these comb teeth. SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0103] Figure 4DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH can be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-decoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power clearance reports (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0104] Figure 5 and Figure 6 These are illustrations of examples 500 and 600 illustrating lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) according to this disclosure. LTM may be referred to as layer 1 or layer 2 (L1 / L2) inter-cell mobility, where L1 is the physical layer and L2 is the media access control (MAC) layer.

[0105] In wireless networks, UEs and network entities can use directional links (e.g., using high-dimensional phased arrays) to communicate on access links to benefit from beamforming gain and / or maintain acceptable communication quality. However, directional links typically involve fine alignment of transmit and receive beams, which can be achieved through a set of operations known as beam management and / or beam selection. Furthermore, wireless networks can support multi-beam operation at relatively high carrier frequencies (e.g., within FR2 or FR4), which can be associated with more severe propagation conditions compared to relatively lower carrier frequencies. For example, signals propagating in millimeter-wave bands can suffer increased path loss and severe channel intermittency compared to sub-6 GHz bands (e.g., FR1), and / or may be obstructed by objects common in the UE's surrounding environment (e.g., buildings, trees, and / or the user's body, etc.). Therefore, beam management is particularly important for multi-beam operation at relatively high carrier frequencies.

[0106] One enhancement to multi-beam operation at higher carrier frequencies is to facilitate efficient (e.g., low latency and low overhead) downlink and / or uplink beam management to support higher L1 / L2-centric inter-cell mobility. This type of mobility may be referred to as LTM. Therefore, one objective of LTM is to enable UEs to perform cell handover via dynamic control signaling at lower layers (e.g., DCI for L1 signaling or MAC control element (MAC-CE) for L2 signaling) instead of semi-static Layer 3 (L3) RRC signaling, in order to reduce latency, reduce overhead, and / or otherwise increase the efficiency of cell handover.

[0107] For example, Figure 5Example 500 illustrates a first LTM technology, which may be referred to as beam-based inter-cell mobility, dynamic point selection-based inter-cell mobility, and / or non-serving cell-based inter-cell mobility, etc. As described in further detail herein, the first LTM technology enables network nodes to use L1 signaling (e.g., DCI) or L2 signaling (e.g., MAC-CE) to instruct the UE to use beams from the serving cell or non-serving cell for communication on the access link. For example, in a radio network that does not support LTM (e.g., cell handover is triggered only by L3 handover or random access), beam selection for control information and for data is typically limited to beams within the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) associated with the serving cell. In contrast, in a radio network that supports the first LTM technology (e.g., as...), beam selection for control information and for data is typically limited to beams within the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) associated with the serving cell. Figure 5 As shown, beam selection for control and data can be extended to include any beam within the serving cell 510 or one or more non-serving neighboring cells 515 for LTM configuration.

[0108] For example, in Figure 5 In the first LTM technology shown, the UE may be configured with a single serving cell 510 (which may be referred to as the LTM source cell) and may be further configured with a set of neighboring cells, which includes one or more non-serving cells 515 configured for LTM (one or more of these non-serving cells may include the LTM target cell). In some aspects, the serving cell 510 and non-serving cells 515 configured for LTM may be associated with a common CU and a common DU. In some aspects, the serving cell 510 and non-serving cells 515 configured for LTM may be associated with a common CU and different DUs. In some aspects, as indicated by reference numeral 520, a network node may use L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., DCI or MAC-CE) to trigger LTM for the UE, the L1 / L2 signaling indicating that the selected Transmit Configuration Indication (TCI) state and the reference signal (e.g., Synchronization Signal Block (SSB)) associated with the PCI are in Quasi-Co-location (QCL). For example, in Figure 5 In this context, the UE can use PCI associated with serving cell 510 (LTM source cell) (e.g., in...). Figure 5 The SSB (shown as PCI 1) is in the TCI state of QCL to communicate with serving cell 510, and L1 / L2 signaling can instruct the UE to switch to using the PCI associated with the non-serving neighbor cell 515 (e.g., in...). Figure 5The SSB (Simplified as PCI 2) communicates in the TCI state of QCL to trigger inter-cell mobility. Therefore, in the first LTM technique, a network node (e.g., controlling the common CU of serving cell 510 and non-serving neighboring cell 515) can use L1 / L2 signaling to select a beam from serving cell 510 or non-serving neighboring cell 515 to serve the UE.

[0109] In this manner, compared to limiting L1 / L2 beam selection to beams within serving cell 510, the first LTM technology is more robust against blocking and provides more opportunities for higher-rank spatial multiplexing across different cells. However, the first LTM technology cannot support changing the UE's specific cell (SpCell), where the SpCell can be a primary cell (PCell) or a primary-secondary cell (PSCell). Instead, in the first LTM technology, triggering SpCell changes is performed via legacy L3 handover using RRC signaling. In this respect, the first LTM technology is associated with the limitation that when the UE is within the coverage area of ​​serving cell 510, L1 / L2 signaling can only be used to indicate beams from serving cell 510 or configured neighboring cells 515 (e.g., because in the first LTM technology, L1 / L2 signaling cannot be used to change PCell or PSCell). Figure 6 Example 600 of a second LTM technique is illustrated, which may be referred to as inter-cell mobility based on serving cell, etc. As described in further detail herein, the second LTM technique enables network nodes to use L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., DCI or MAC-CE) to indicate control information associated with an active set of cells and / or a deactivated set of cells and / or to indicate changes to SpCells within the active set of cells.

[0110] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the second LTM technology can use a mechanism broadly similar to carrier aggregation to implement LTM, the difference being that different cells configured for LTM can operate on the same carrier frequency. For example... Figure 6As shown, a network node can configure cell set 610 for LTM (e.g., using RRC signaling). As further shown, the active cell set 615 may include one or more cells from the configured cell set 610 that are activated and ready for data and / or control transfer. Therefore, in the second LTM technique, the deactivated cell set may include one or more cells included in the LTM-configured cell set 610 but not in the active cell set 615. However, using L1 / L2 signaling, cells included in the deactivated cell set can be easily activated and thus added to the active cell set 615. Therefore, as indicated by reference numeral 620, L1 / L2 signaling can be used for mobility management of the active cell set 615. For example, in some aspects, L1 / L2 signaling can be used to activate cells within the configured cell set 610 (e.g., add cells to the active cell set 615), deactivate cells in the active cell set 615, and / or select beams within cells included in the active cell set 615. In this manner, the second LTM technology can use L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., using beam management technology) to achieve seamless mobility between cells included in the active cell set 615.

[0111] Furthermore, as indicated by reference numeral 625, the second LTM technology enables the use of L1 / L2 signaling to set or change the SpCell (e.g., PCell or PSCell) of cells included in the active cell set 615. Additionally or alternatively, when a cell to become a new SpCell is in a deactivated cell set (e.g., included in the LTM-configured cell set 610 but not in the active cell set 615), L1 / L2 signaling can be used to move the cell from the deactivated cell set to the active cell set 615 before additional L1 / L2 signaling is used to set the cell as the new SpCell. However, in the second L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility technology, when the new SpCell is not included in the L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility configuration cell set 610, L3 handover (e.g., using RRC signaling) is used to change the SpCell. In such cases, the RRC signaling associated with the L3 handover can be used to update the cells included in the LTM-configured cell set 610. Therefore, LTM can provide more efficient cell handover to support multi-beam operation, thereby achieving lower latency and reduced overhead by changing the beam that the UE uses to communicate on the access link using L1 signaling (e.g., DCI) and / or L2 signaling (e.g., MAC-CE) instead of L3 signaling (e.g., RRC).

[0112] As indicated above, Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0113] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating Example 700 of the LTM process according to this disclosure.

[0114] In some examples, a network entity may instruct UE 120 to change its serving cell, such as when UE 120 moves away from the coverage of its current serving cell (sometimes referred to as the LTM source cell) and toward the coverage of a neighboring cell (sometimes referred to as the LTM target cell). In some cases, a network entity may instruct UE 120 to change cells using an L3 handover procedure. The L3 handover procedure may include: the network entity sending an RRC reconfiguration message to UE 120 instructing UE 120 to perform a handover procedure toward the LTM target cell. This RRC reconfiguration message may be sent in response to UE 120 providing an L3 measurement report to the network entity, indicating signal strength measurements associated with various cells (e.g., measurements associated with the LTM source cell and one or more neighboring cells). In response to receiving the RRC reconfiguration message, UE 120 may communicate with both the LTM source cell and the LTM target cell to detach from the LTM source cell and connect to the LTM target cell (e.g., UE 120 may establish an RRC connection with the LTM target cell). Once the handover is complete, the LTM target cell can communicate with the User Plane Function (UPF) of the core network to instruct the UPF to switch the user plane path of UE120 from the LTM source cell to the LTM target cell. The LTM target cell can also communicate with the LTM source cell to indicate that the handover is complete and that the LTM source cell can be released.

[0115] Because of the multiple RRC reconfiguration messages and / or other L3 signaling and operations used to perform the handover process, the L3 handover process can be associated with high latency and high overhead. Therefore, in some examples, the UE 120 may be configured to perform lower-layer (e.g., L1 and / or L2) handover processes, sometimes referred to as LTM processes, such as... Figure 7 As shown and about Figure 5 and Figure 6 The example 700 LTM process is described. (e.g.) Figure 7 As shown, the LTM process can include four phases: LTM preparation phase, early synchronization phase (in... Figure 7 The LTM phase is shown as “early synchronization”, the LTM execution phase, and / or the LTM completion phase.

[0116] During the LTM preparation phase, as indicated by reference numeral 705, UE 120 may be in an RRC connected state (sometimes referred to as RRC_Connected) with the LTM source cell. As indicated by reference numeral 710, UE 120 may send a measurement report (sometimes referred to as a Measurement Report), and the network entity may receive the measurement report, which may be an L3 measurement report. The measurement report may indicate signal strength measurements (e.g., Reference Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Reference Received Quality (RSRQ), and / or Channel Quality Indicator (CQI)) or similar measurements associated with the LTM source cell and / or one or more neighboring cells. In some examples, based at least in part on the measurement report or other information, the network entity may decide to use LTM, and therefore, as indicated by reference numeral 715, the network entity may initiate LTM candidate preparation.

[0117] As shown by reference numeral 720 in the accompanying drawings, a network entity may send an RRC reconfiguration message (sometimes referred to as an RRCReconfiguration message), and UE 120 may receive an RRC reconfiguration message, which may include LTM candidate configurations. More specifically, the RRC reconfiguration message may indicate the configuration of one or more LTM candidate LTM target cells, which may be candidate cells to become the serving cell of the UE and / or cells to which UE 120 may be later triggered to perform an LTM procedure. As shown by reference numeral 725 in the accompanying drawings, UE 120 may store the configurations of one or more LTM candidate cells and, in response, may send an RRC reconfiguration complete message (sometimes referred to as an RRCReconfigurationComplete message) to the network entity.

[0118] During the early synchronization phase, as indicated by reference numeral 730, UE 120 may optionally perform downlink / uplink synchronization with candidate cells associated with one or more LTM candidate cell configurations. For example, UE 120 may perform downlink synchronization and early timing acquisition with one or more candidate LTM target cells before receiving an LTM handover command (described in more detail below in conjunction with reference numeral 745). In some respects, performing early synchronization with one or more candidate cells can reduce the latency associated with performing the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure later in the LTM process, which is described in more detail below in conjunction with reference numeral 755.

[0119] During the LTM execution phase, as indicated by reference numeral 735, UE 120 may perform L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate LTM target cell, and thus may send lower-layer (e.g., L1) measurement reports to network entities. As indicated by reference numeral 740, based at least in part on the lower-layer measurement reports, the network entity may decide to perform an LTM cell handover to the LTM target cell. Therefore, as indicated by reference numeral 745, the network entity may send a MAC-CE or similar message that triggers the LTM cell handover (this MAC-CE or similar message is sometimes referred to herein as a cell handover command), and UE 120 may receive this MAC-CE or similar message. The cell handover command may include an indication of a candidate configuration index associated with the LTM target cell. As indicated by reference numeral 750, based at least in part on receiving the cell handover command, UE 120 may switch to the configuration of the candidate LTM target cell (e.g., UE 120 may leave the LTM source cell and apply the LTM target cell configuration). Furthermore, as indicated by reference numeral 755, UE120 may perform a RACH procedure toward the LTM target cell, such as when the timing advance associated with the LTM target cell is unavailable (e.g., in the example where UE120 does not perform the early synchronization as described above in conjunction with reference numeral 730).

[0120] During the LTM completion phase, as indicated by reference numeral 760 in the attached figure, UE 120 may indicate successful completion of the LTM cell handover to the LTM target cell. In this manner, the cell handover to the LTM target cell can be performed with less overhead than the L3 handover process, and / or the cell handover to the LTM target cell is associated with reduced latency compared to the L3 handover process.

[0121] This document describes aspects in which the source cell and the target cell are associated with the same network entity. However, it should be understood that the source cell and the target cell may alternatively be associated with different network entities. Therefore, in cases where communication is discussed as being transmitted or received by the network entities of the source cell and the target cell, it should be noted that communication transmitted or received by the source cell may similarly be transmitted or received by a first network entity of the source cell, and communication transmitted or received by the target cell may similarly be transmitted or received by a second network entity of the target cell.

[0122] As indicated above, Figure 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0123] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating example 800 of AI / ML-based beam management according to this disclosure. Figure 8As shown, AI / ML model 810 may be deployed at or on UE 120. For example, a model inference host (such as a model inference host) may be deployed at or on UE 120. AI / ML model 810 enables UE 120 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input to AI / ML model 810.

[0124] For example, as indicated by reference numeral 815, input to the AI / ML model 810 may include measurements associated with a first beam set. For instance, a network entity may use a corresponding beam from the first beam set to transmit one or more signals. The UE 120 may perform measurements on the first beam set (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements or other measurements) to obtain a first measurement set. For example, each beam from the first beam set may be associated with one or more measurements performed by the UE 120. The UE 120 may input the first measurement set (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements) along with information associated with the first beam set and / or the second beam set (such as beam orientation (e.g., spatial orientation), beamwidth, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the corresponding beams from the first beam set and / or the second beam set) into the AI / ML model 810.

[0125] As indicated by reference numeral 820 in the attached figure, the AI / ML model 810 may output one or more predictions. These predictions may include predicted measurements associated with the second beam set (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurements). This reduces the number of beam measurements performed by the UE 120, thereby converting the power of the UE 120 and / or the network resources that would otherwise be used to measure all beams included in the first and second beam sets. This type of prediction may be referred to as codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction.

[0126] As another example, the output of AI / ML model 810 may include the pointing direction, angle of departure (AoD), and / or angle of arrival (AoA) of the beams included in the second beam set. This type of prediction may be referred to as non-codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction. As another example, multiple measurement reports or values ​​collected at different time points can be input into AI / ML model 810. This allows AI / ML model 810 to output codebook-based and / or non-codebook-based predictions for beam measurements, AoD, and / or AoA at future times. As described herein, the output of AI / ML model 810 can facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., P2 beam management procedures or P3 beam management procedures), link quality or interference adaptation procedures, beam failure and / or beam blocking prediction, and / or radio link failure prediction, etc.

[0127] In some examples, the first beam set may be referred to as set B beams, and the second beam set may be referred to as set A beams. In some examples, the first beam set (e.g., set B beams) may be a subset of the second beam set (e.g., set A beams). In some other examples, the first beam set and the second beam set may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, the first beam set (e.g., set B beams) may include wide beams (e.g., unthinned beams or beams with a beamwidth that satisfies a first threshold), and the second beam set (e.g., set A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., thinned beams or beams with a beamwidth that satisfies a second threshold).

[0128] In one example, AI / ML model 810 can perform spatial domain downlink beam prediction for beams included in set A based on measurements of beams included in set B. For instance, AI / ML model 810 can output information indicating the predicted spatial parameters of one or more beams included in set A based on the measurement results.

[0129] As another example, AI / ML model 810 can perform temporal downlink beam prediction for beams included in set A beams based on historical measurements of beams included in set B beams. For example, AI / ML model 810 can output information indicating one or more prediction parameters for beams included in set A beams. This information may include, for example, predicted measurements (e.g., predicted RSRP, predicted RSRQ, predicted signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR)), predictions of whether beam switching will occur at a given time or within a given time window, etc. In some examples, this information may be related to a beam measurement cycle. For example, UE 120 may measure beams according to a beam measurement cycle that may be based on SSB transmission periodicity or CSI-RS transmission periodicity. Temporal downlink beam prediction can provide predicted measurements or beam switching predictions for a time window between SSB transmission times or CSI-RS transmission times.

[0130] AI / ML-based beam prediction can be applied to LTM scenarios, as described below. In the UE's active serving cell (e.g., the serving cell configured for and / or for data and control transmission), transmissions to the UE can typically be based on a narrow beam (e.g., using the TCI state indicating the CSI-RS as the source signal to create a beam narrower than the beam associated with the SSB). In some examples, only the SSB is available as the Channel Measurement Resource (CMR) for L1 measurements in LTM. This can be because a narrower beam (associated with the CSI-RS) can consume significant UE power for measurements, and there may be non-ideal backhaul limiting the UE's reporting of the narrow beam. When the UE switches to the target LTM candidate cell, transmissions can initially use a beam derived from the previously measured SSB (i.e., a wider beam). After this phase, network entities can activate L1 reporting associated with the narrower beam (based on the CSI-RS) for P2 beam refinement to improve throughput. In this scenario, although cell handover latency can be reduced via LTM, throughput interruptions may still occur due to wide-to-narrow beam refinement. To address this issue, when the UE receives a command instructing it to hand over to one or more target LTM candidate cells (e.g., an LTM cell handover MAC-CE command), beam prediction (such as spatial domain (SD) and temporal domain (TD) beam prediction) can be triggered at the UE in association with (e.g., simultaneously with the command). The UE can predict the future quality of potential narrow beams in one or more LTM target cells based on SSB measurements. Once the UE can perform transmissions on one or more LTM target cells, this beam prediction allows the UE to quickly identify potential future narrow beams to use, while limiting the latency or power of such identification.

[0131] In some aspects, the UE may receive a command to hand over to one or more LTM candidate cells from the active serving cell (e.g., an LTM cell handover MAC-CE command). This command may implicitly or explicitly include at least measurements by a network entity based on another CMR set (including SSB and / or CSI-RS) to predict future channel characteristics (e.g., Layer 1 RSRP (L1-RSRP), Layer 1 SINR (L1-SINR), or previous data associated with the LTM candidate cell to be handed over to). K One resource, of which K Requests (positive integers). The CPR set may include SSBs, CSI-RS, and / or virtual resources that are not actually sent by network entities. KResources can be identified based on measurements such as L1-RSRP or L1-SINR strength. The command (e.g., LTM cell handover MAC-CE command) can also be referred to as an LTM trigger (MAC-CE) command. The request can also instruct the UE regarding whether and / or how the predicted channel characteristics are reported to network entities. For spatial (SD) prediction, the channel characteristics to be predicted for CPR are associated with the same time-domain timing on which the UE measures CMR. For SD+TD prediction, the channel characteristics to be predicted for CPR are associated with one or more future TD timings relative to the TD timing on which the UE measures CMR. For TD prediction, CPR and CMR can be the same for each other.

[0132] In some respects, the UE can transmit prediction results via MAC-CE. MAC-CE can be transmitted via one of the UE's active serving cells (other than one or more target LTM candidate cells) upon command (e.g., in non-autonomous operation where sub-6 GHz connectivity is generally available). MAC-CE can also be transmitted via one of the target LTM candidate cells once the UE has an available uplink grant in one of the target LTM candidate cells. The network entity can provide the uplink grant. This can be suitable for one-off feedback identifying the initial TCI state when the UE first hands over to one or more target LTM candidate cells, as MAC-CE provides reliable feedback.

[0133] In some other aspects, the UE can transmit prediction results via one or more CSI reports. For example, the UE can be configured (e.g., via RRC signaling) with CSI reporting settings associated with CPR and CMR. The reporting amount of the CSI reporting settings can include at least the channel characteristics for CPR prediction. This configuration can be based on a single CSI reporting setting configured for all options for the target LTM candidate cells, where different options are associated with different {CPR, CMR}, and the UE can adaptively identify the appropriate CSI payload based on one or more target LTM candidate cells indicated by a command. Alternatively, this configuration can be based on a separate CSI reporting setting configured for each target LTM candidate cell (or each group of target LTM candidate cells). In this example, the UE can identify the appropriate CSI report to be fed back based on one or more specific target LTM candidate cells indicated by a command. CSI reports can be transmitted via one of the UE's active serving cells (other than the target LTM candidate cells) or via one of the target LTM candidate cells. This can be suitable for one-time feedback, allowing the gNB to track changes in the TCI state.

[0134] For UE-side time-domain beam prediction, performance monitoring for single-cell scenarios may be difficult to directly apply to beam prediction in LTM. For example, for single-cell beam prediction, UE-side beam prediction performance monitoring can be achieved by transmitting the actual beam (referred to herein as the auxiliary RS) corresponding to the predicted beam predicted by the UE during a future time-domain timing period. The UE can measure such a beam and compare the measurement results with the beam prediction results. The UE can also send (e.g., feedback) information to network entities indicating the difference between the measurement and the prediction.

[0135] However, difficulties may arise both before and after LTM cell handover, regarding the scheduling and monitoring of beams (e.g., narrow beams) via auxiliary RS. For example, after LTM cell handover, signaling may not be defined to support the UE requesting auxiliary RS from one or more LTM target cells for performance monitoring of previously predicted data. Furthermore, LTM target cells may be non-serving cells, meaning the UE does not have information about the CSI-RS configuration of such LTM target cells before handover. Therefore, existing signaling frameworks may not support the UE providing indications of preferred beams for performance monitoring of LTM target cells. This is particularly advantageous in scenarios where the UE is frequently used in a specific area and is equipped by default only with a generalized beam prediction model trained offline. Once the UE is used in such a specific area, this fine-tuning of the AI / ML model can be performed with a limited number of trials, where the refined model can be fully used once the UE sees satisfactory prediction performance.

[0136] This disclosure generally relates to signaling regarding information about auxiliary RS to be transmitted by the LTM target cell. Some aspects more specifically relate to transmitting this information to the LTM source cell, enabling the LTM source cell to forward the information to the LTM target cell. In some aspects, in addition to the information about the auxiliary RS, the UE may also transmit to the LTM source cell TD beam prediction results regarding the predicted resources of the LTM target cell. The LTM target cell may forward the TD beam prediction results to the LTM target cell. In some aspects, the LTM target cell may transmit the auxiliary RS based on the information about the auxiliary RS.

[0137] The aspects of this disclosure can be used to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some aspects, by signaling information about the auxiliary RS and TD beam prediction results to the LTM source cell, the described techniques can be used to achieve auxiliary RS transmission and performance monitoring for the LTM target cell relative to explicitly configuring auxiliary RS transmission at the LTM target cell to reduce latency. In some aspects, the UE can provide feedback on the TD beam prediction results via CSI reporting, which can be beneficial for one-off feedback on performance monitoring. In some aspects, the UE can provide feedback via MAC-CE, which can increase the reliability of the feedback.

[0138] As indicated above, Figure 8 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 8 The examples described are different.

[0139] Figure 9 This is a diagram of example 900 associated with signaling regarding information about an auxiliary RS according to this disclosure. Example 900 includes a UE 120, an LTM source cell 905 (e.g., a cell in BS 110, serving cell 510, or an active cell set 615), and an LTM target cell 910 (e.g., a cell in BS 110, serving cell 510, neighboring cell 515, a cell in the configured cell set 610, or an active cell set 615). In some aspects, the LTM source cell 905 and the LTM target cell 910 may be implemented by the same network entity (e.g., the same BS 110, the same gNB). In some other aspects, the LTM source cell 905 may be implemented by a first network entity, and the LTM target cell 910 may be implemented by a second network entity. In some aspects, "LTM source cell 905" may refer to a group of one or more LTM source cells. In some aspects, "LTM target cell 910" may refer to a group of one or more LTM target cells.

[0140] As shown by reference numeral 915 in the accompanying drawings, in some aspects, the LTM source cell 905 may transmit configuration information, and the UE 120 may receive the configuration information. For example, the UE 120 may receive the configuration information via one or more RRC messages. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate two or more potential configurations, and the UE 120 may (e.g., from the LTM source cell 905) receive signaling (such as downlink control information or MAC signaling) indicating the selected configuration among the two or more potential configurations.

[0141] In some aspects, configuration information may include configurations related to reporting information about auxiliary RSs and / or TD beam prediction results. For example, the configuration may include one or more CSI reporting settings that facilitate reporting of TD beam prediction results via CSI reporting. In some aspects, the one or more CSI reporting settings may include a single CSI reporting setting for a CSI payload (e.g., a portion of the CSI payload). In this example, the reporting amount of the CSI report associated with the CSI reporting setting (e.g., payload, a first portion of the CSI report) may include an indication (e.g., a unit indicator) of whether the LTM target cell should transmit auxiliary RSs on prediction resources. In some aspects, the reporting amount (e.g., a second portion of the CSI report) may also include one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RSs, such as one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RSs, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time-domain timings for the auxiliary RSs, the frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, or a combination thereof. In this example, if the indication instructs the LTM target cell not to transmit auxiliary RSs, the second portion of the CSI report may include one or more arbitrary bits, or may be used for another purpose.

[0142] In some aspects, configuration information may include a first configuration and a second configuration, such as a first CSI report setting and a second CSI report setting. For example, the reporting amount (e.g., payload) of the first CSI report configured by the first CSI report setting may include an indication (e.g., a unit indicator) of whether the LTM target cell should transmit auxiliary RSs on predicted resources. The reporting amount (e.g., payload) of the second CSI report may indicate one or more parameters regarding information about auxiliary RSs, such as one or more auxiliary RS resources for auxiliary RSs, one or more identifiers of one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time-domain timings for auxiliary RSs, frequency-domain density of one or more auxiliary RS resources, or combinations thereof. In some aspects, the first CSI report (or the first CSI report setting) may be linked to the second CSI report (or the second CSI report setting), such as by including the CSI report setting identifier of the first CSI report setting in the second CSI report setting, or by using the second CSI report setting... CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo The parameters include the settings for the first CSI report. CSI- AssociatedReportConfigInfo Identifier.

[0143] In some aspects, configuration information may include a single configuration for CSI report settings, carrying both an indication of whether the LTM target cell should send auxiliary RS on predicted resources and one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS. For example, the reporting volume (e.g., payload) of the CSI report may include this indication and the one or more parameters. In some aspects, the first part of the CSI report may include an indication. For example, the first part of the CSI report may have a fixed size (e.g., it may not be different across CSI reports). The second part of the CSI report may include one or more parameters. For example, the second part may have a variable size (e.g., the size of the second part may differ between CSI reports). In some aspects, the first part may indicate the payload size of the second part.

[0144] In some respects, UE 120 may transmit capability information, and LTM source cell 905 may receive capability information. Capability information may indicate one or more capabilities of UE 120, such as those associated with one or more features described herein. For example, capability information may indicate that UE 120 is capable or prefers to use CSI reports to provide information about auxiliary RSs and / or to indicate whether LTM target cell 910 should transmit auxiliary RSs. For example, capability information may indicate that UE 120 is capable or prefers to use MAC-CE to provide information about auxiliary RSs and / or to indicate whether LTM target cell 910 should transmit auxiliary RSs. For example, capability information may indicate that UE 120 is capable or prefers to perform autonomous monitoring and / or AI / ML model updates. As another example, capability information may indicate that UE 120 is capable or prefers to report results associated with performance monitoring to LTM source cell 905 and / or LTM target cell 910.

[0145] As indicated by reference numeral 920 in the accompanying drawings, the LTM source cell 905 can transmit commands, and the UE 120 can receive commands. For example, the command may include an LTM cell handover MAC-CE command. The command may instruct the UE 120 to hand over to the LTM target cell 910. For example, the command may identify the LTM target cell 910. In some aspects, the command may instruct the UE 120 to perform beam prediction. For example, the command may instruct (e.g., trigger) the UE 120 to perform TD beam prediction (e.g., narrow beam prediction) for the LTM target cell 910. This may include: predicting parameters of the beam (e.g., narrow beam, such as a beam from a QCL source with CSI-RS) in time resources (e.g., prediction resources) that occur after the UE 120 has switched to the LTM target cell 910.

[0146] In some respects, the command can instruct UE 120 to send TD beam prediction results to LTM source cell 905. For example, the TD beam prediction results may include L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, and the preceding beam prediction results. K Resources, etc. In some aspects, TD beam prediction results may relate to one or more prediction resources associated with LTM target cell 910. One or more prediction resources may have different spatial transmission filters. For example, a first prediction resource may be associated with a first beam generated by LTM target cell 910, and a second prediction resource may be associated with a second beam generated by LTM target cell 910. In some aspects, prediction resources may not actually be measured by UE 120 (unless an auxiliary RS is transmitted on the prediction resource, as described elsewhere herein). In some aspects, configuration information shown by reference numeral 915 may indicate one or more prediction resources. In some aspects, TD beam prediction results may be associated with one or more future TD timings (such as TD beam prediction results for one or more time instances indicating predicted measurements).

[0147] As shown by reference numeral 925 in the attached figure, UE 120 can perform beam prediction. For example, UE 120 can use an AI / ML model (e.g., AI / ML model 810) to perform beam prediction. UE 120 can determine the TD beam prediction results for the predicted resources of the LTM target cell 910. For example, UE 120 can identify the predicted measurements of the predicted resources for future TD timing. The predicted resources can define the time, frequency, and / or spatial resources for which UE 120 will generate TD beam prediction results.

[0148] As shown by reference numeral 930 in the attached figure, UE 120 may transmit TD beam prediction results regarding the predicted resources of the LTM target cell, and LTM source cell 905 may receive the TD beam prediction results. In some aspects, UE 120 may transmit TD beam prediction results having information indicating the predicted resources and / or future TD timing associated with the TD beam prediction results. In some aspects, UE 120 may transmit TD beam prediction results via one or more CSI reports. In some aspects, UE 120 may transmit TD beam prediction results via MAC-CE.

[0149] As shown by reference numeral 935 in the accompanying drawings, UE 120 may transmit information about auxiliary RSs for the LTM target cell, and LTM source cell 905 may receive this information. In some aspects, UE 120 may transmit information about auxiliary RSs via MAC-CE. For example, MAC-CE may include an indication (e.g., a unit indicator) of whether the LTM target cell should transmit auxiliary RSs on prediction resources. In some aspects, MAC-CE may also include one or more parameters about auxiliary RSs, such as one or more auxiliary RS resources for auxiliary RSs, one or more identifiers of one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time-domain timings for auxiliary RSs, frequency-domain density of one or more auxiliary RS resources, or combinations thereof. For example, if MAC-CE instructs LTM target cell 910 to transmit auxiliary RSs on prediction resources, MAC-CE may also include one or more parameters.

[0150] As indicated by reference numeral 940 in the accompanying drawings, LTM source cell 905 may transmit TD beam prediction results and / or information about the auxiliary RS, and LTM target cell 910 may receive the TD beam prediction results and / or information about the auxiliary RS. In some aspects, LTM source cell 905 may transmit information derived from the TD beam prediction results and / or information about the auxiliary RS, and LTM target cell 910 may receive information derived from the TD beam prediction results and / or information about the auxiliary RS. For example, LTM source cell 905 may transmit a subset of the TD beam prediction results and / or information about the auxiliary RS. In some aspects, LTM source cell 905 may transmit the TD beam prediction results and / or information about the auxiliary RS via a non-ideal backhaul (e.g., with a delay amount such as tens of milliseconds).

[0151] As shown by reference numeral 945 in the attached figure, UE 120 can complete mobility to LTM target cell 910 (referred to as a transition to LTM target cell 910). For example, UE 120 can add LTM target cell 910 as a serving cell (e.g., serving cell 510). As another example, UE 120 can establish a connection with LTM target cell 910. As yet another example, UE 120 can add LTM target cell 910 as an active cell in the active cell set 615.

[0152] As indicated by reference numeral 950 in the accompanying drawings, in some aspects, the LTM target cell 910 (or LTM source cell 905) may transmit configuration information, and the UE 120 may receive the configuration information. In some aspects, the configuration information may include CSI reporting settings. The CSI reporting settings, or other configuration information associated with the CSI reporting settings, may indicate one or more parameters for measuring the auxiliary RS. In some aspects, one or more parameters may be based at least in part on information about the auxiliary RS. For example, the LTM target cell 910 may configure the CSI reporting settings only if the information about the auxiliary RS indicates that the LTM target cell 910 should transmit the auxiliary RS on the predicted resources. As another example, one or more parameters of the CSI reporting settings may be based at least in part on information about the auxiliary RS. For example, the total number of CMRs associated with the CSI reporting settings, spatial transmission filters, TD timing, and / or the frequency domain density of the CMRs may be derived from one or more parameters indicated by the information about the auxiliary RS (this is described elsewhere herein).

[0153] A CSI report setting (or a CSI report defined by a CSI report setting) can be associated with one or more CMRs. In some respects, for each CMR associated with a CSI report, when UE 120 is associated with LTM source cell 905, this can be configured in the CSI resource settings or in the settings associated with the CSI report. CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo The parameters explicitly signal to the UE 120 the corresponding prediction source identifier for performing TD beam prediction (e.g., determining the TD beam prediction result).

[0154] In some aspects, the reporting quantity of the CSI reporting setting can be set to a value (e.g., "None") that instructs UE 120 to perform autonomous performance monitoring and / or updates of UE 120's AI / ML model. In other aspects, the reporting quantity can instruct UE 120 to provide feedback on the measurement auxiliary RS (e.g., it may include feedback on performance monitoring based on the auxiliary RS). For example, the reporting quantity associated with the CSI reporting setting can indicate (e.g., include) the measurement results associated with the CMR of the CSI reporting setting (e.g., L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, or the previous value in terms of L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR). K (CMR), or the relative difference between the CMR measurement and the corresponding TD beam prediction result for the predicted resource (e.g., the L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR difference between the measurement and TD beam prediction results, for the predicted first CMR), or the relative difference between the CMR measurement result and the corresponding TD beam prediction result (e.g., the L1-RSRP and / or L1-SINR difference between the measurement and TD beam prediction results, for the predicted first CMR). K Each of the resources or for the measured resources K The predicted front for each of the CMRs K One resource and the measured prior K (The difference between the resource identifiers of each CMR).

[0155] As shown by reference numeral 955 in the accompanying drawings, in some aspects, the LTM target cell 910 may transmit auxiliary RS. For example, the LTM target cell 910 may transmit auxiliary RS on a CMR corresponding to the prediction resource of the TD beam prediction result reported by UE 120 (e.g., having the same time, frequency, and / or spatial resources as the prediction resource). Thus, the auxiliary RS may be associated with the prediction resource. The auxiliary RS may be generated using the same spatial transmission filter used to generate the TD beam prediction result regarding the prediction resource (e.g., associated with the spatial transmission filter used to generate the TD beam prediction result). As another example, the LTM target cell 910 may transmit auxiliary RS according to the configured CSI-RS resource.

[0156] As shown by reference numeral 960 in the attached figure, UE 120 can measure auxiliary RS. For example, UE 120 can measure auxiliary RS based on configured CSI-RS resources, which can be associated with configured CSI reporting settings.

[0157] As shown by reference numeral 965 in the accompanying drawings, in some aspects, UE 120 may send feedback regarding the auxiliary RS. For example, if the CSI report setting instructs that feedback be sent, UE 120 may send feedback according to the CSI report setting. In some aspects, UE 120 may send feedback based on (e.g., in response to) a trigger. For example, UE 120 may receive a trigger (from LTM target cell 910) for a non-periodic CSI report associated with the CSI report setting, and may send feedback via one or more CSI reports according to the CSI report setting. In some aspects, LTM target cell 910 or a network entity associated with LTM target cell 910 may use the feedback to determine the accuracy of TD beam prediction of UE 120. The network entity or LTM target cell 910 may determine, at least in part, whether to activate TD beam prediction in other target cells based on the determination of accuracy. Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 may update its AI / ML model, at least in part, based on the measurement auxiliary RS. For example, UE 120 can compare the measured channel characteristics with the TD beam prediction results and update the AI / ML model (e.g., using machine learning techniques).

[0158] As indicated above, Figure 9 This is provided as an example. Other examples are available with reference to [the relevant information]. Figure 9 The examples described are different.

[0159] Figure 10 This is a flowchart of an example method 1000 for wireless communication. Method 1000 may be performed at, for example, a UE (e.g., UE 120) or a device of the UE.

[0160] Method 1000 begins at 1010, in which a temporal beam prediction result for the predicted resources of the LTM target cell is sent to the LTM source cell. For example, the UE may send the temporal beam prediction result for the predicted resources of the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell, as described above in conjunction with, for example... Figure 9 And as described at 930.

[0161] Then, method 1000 proceeds to step 1020, where auxiliary RS information about the LTM target cell is sent to the LTM source cell. For example, the UE may send auxiliary RS information about the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell, as described above in conjunction with examples. Figure 9 And as described at 935.

[0162] In some respects, auxiliary RS is associated with predictive resources.

[0163] In some respects, the auxiliary RS is associated with the same spatial transmission filter as the prediction resource.

[0164] In some respects, information about auxiliary RS includes at least one of the following: an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, one or more auxiliary RS resources for auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time-domain timings for auxiliary RS, or frequency-domain density of one or more auxiliary RS resources.

[0165] In some aspects, method 1000 includes: receiving a command from an LTM source cell to hand over to an LTM target cell, the command instructing the transmission of information about the auxiliary RS.

[0166] In some respects, sending information about the auxiliary RS also includes sending information about the auxiliary RS via channel state information reports.

[0167] In some respects, the channel state information report includes bits indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit auxiliary RS on the predicted resources.

[0168] In some respects, the channel state information report includes one or more parameters about the auxiliary RS.

[0169] In some respects, one or more parameters are included in a variable-size portion of the channel state information report.

[0170] In some respects, the channel state information report is a first channel state information report, and method 1000 includes: transmitting a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.

[0171] In some respects, sending information about the secondary RS also includes sending information about the secondary RS via a Media Access Control Element (MAC-CE).

[0172] In some respects, MAC-CE includes bits that indicate whether the LTM target cell should transmit an auxiliary RS on the predicted resources.

[0173] In some respects, MAC-CE includes one or more parameters concerning the auxiliary RS.

[0174] In some respects, one or more parameters are included in a variable-size portion of the MAC-CE.

[0175] In some aspects, method 1000 includes: switching to the LTM target cell and measuring the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell.

[0176] In some respects, method 1000 includes sending feedback about measurement-aided RS to the LTM target cell.

[0177] In some aspects, method 1000 includes sending feedback based on feedback triggered by a channel state information report.

[0178] In some aspects, measuring the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell also includes: measuring the auxiliary RS without sending feedback about the auxiliary RS, according to a channel state information report setting that indicates no feedback to be sent.

[0179] In one aspect, method 1000 or any aspect thereof may be made by means of a device (such as...) Figure 12 The communication device 1200 is used to perform the method, which includes various components operable to, configured to, or adapted to perform the method 1000. The communication device 1200 is described in further detail below.

[0180] although Figure 10 An example box for method 1000 is shown, but in some respects, it differs from... Figure 10 Compared to the boxes depicted, method 1000 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in the frame of method 1000 may be performed in parallel.

[0181] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of an example method 1100 for wireless communication. Method 1100 can be performed at, for example, an LTM source cell (e.g., LTM source cell 905) or an apparatus of an LTM source cell.

[0182] Method 1100 begins at 1110, wherein a temporal beam prediction result regarding the predicted resources of the LTM target cell is received from the UE. For example, the LTM source cell may receive a temporal beam prediction result regarding the predicted resources of the LTM target cell from the UE, as described above in conjunction with, for example... Figure 9 And as described at 930.

[0183] Then, method 1100 proceeds to 1120, where information about the auxiliary RS of the LTM target cell is received. For example, the LTM source cell can receive information about the auxiliary RS of the LTM target cell, as described above in conjunction with, for example... Figure 9 And as described at 935.

[0184] Then, method 1100 proceeds to 1130, where information about the auxiliary RS is sent to the LTM target cell. For example, the LTM source cell can send information about the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell, as described above in conjunction with examples. Figure 9 And as described at 940.

[0185] In some respects, auxiliary RS is associated with predictive resources.

[0186] In some respects, the auxiliary RS is associated with the same spatial transmission filter as the prediction resource.

[0187] In some respects, information about auxiliary RS includes at least one of the following: an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, one or more auxiliary RS resources for auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time-domain timings for auxiliary RS, or frequency-domain density of one or more auxiliary RS resources.

[0188] In some aspects, method 1100 includes: sending a command for the UE to hand over to the LTM target cell, the command instructing the transmission of information about the auxiliary RS.

[0189] In some respects, receiving information about the auxiliary RS also includes receiving information about the auxiliary RS via channel state information reports.

[0190] In some respects, the channel state information report includes bits indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit auxiliary RS on the predicted resources.

[0191] In some respects, the channel state information report includes one or more parameters about the auxiliary RS.

[0192] In some respects, one or more parameters are included in a variable-size portion of the channel state information report.

[0193] In some respects, the channel state information report is a first channel state information report, and method 1000 includes: receiving a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.

[0194] In some respects, receiving information about the auxiliary RS also includes receiving information about the auxiliary RS via a Media Access Control Element (MAC-CE).

[0195] In some respects, MAC-CE includes bits that indicate whether the LTM target cell should transmit an auxiliary RS on the predicted resources.

[0196] In some respects, MAC-CE includes one or more parameters concerning the auxiliary RS.

[0197] In some respects, one or more parameters are included in a variable-size portion of the MAC-CE.

[0198] In one aspect, method 1100 or any aspect thereof may be made by means of a device (such as...) Figure 13 The communication device 1300 is used to perform the method, which includes various components operable to, configured to, or adapted to perform the method 1100. The communication device 1300 is described in further detail below.

[0199] although Figure 11 An example box for method 1100 is shown, but in some respects, it differs from... Figure 11 Compared to the boxes depicted, method 1100 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner. Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes in the frame of method 1100 may be performed in parallel.

[0200] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a specific implementation of code and circuitry for a communication device 1200 according to this disclosure. The communication device 1200 may be a UE, or a UE may include the communication device 1200. The communication device 1200 may be configured for wireless communication, such as based on wireless communication specifications.

[0201] Communication device 1200 includes a processing system 1202 coupled to transceiver 1208 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver, and the transceiver may include a single transceiver or multiple transceivers capable of performing various operations described to be performed by transceiver 1208). Transceiver 1208 is configured to transmit and receive signals for communication device 1200 via antenna 1210, such as various signals as described herein. Processing system 1202 may be configured to perform processing functions of communication device 1200, including processing signals received by communication device 1200 and / or to be transmitted by the communication device.

[0202] Processing system 1202 includes one or more processors 1220. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1220 may include one or more of a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, and / or a controller / processor 280, as per [reference to...]. Figure 2 As described. One or more processors 1220 are coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 1230 via bus 1206. In various aspects, computer-readable medium / memory 1230 may include one or more memories such as memory 282, as described above. Figure 2 As described. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1230 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that, when executed by one or more processors 1220, cause one or more processors 1220 to perform actions related to... Figure 10 The described method 1000 or any aspect thereof. It should be noted that references to a processor performing the functions of communication device 1200 may include one or more processors performing that function of communication device 1200. It should also be noted that references to one or more processors performing multiple functions may include a first processor performing a first function of the multiple functions and a second processor performing a second function of the multiple functions.

[0203] like Figure 12 As shown, the communication device 1200 may include circuitry (circuit 1235) for transmitting time-domain beam prediction results about the predicted resources of the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell.

[0204] like Figure 12 As shown, the communication device 1200 may include code (code 1240) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1230 for transmitting time-domain beam prediction results about the predicted resources of the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell.

[0205] like Figure 12 As shown, the communication device 1200 may include circuitry (circuit 1245) for transmitting information about the auxiliary RS of the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell.

[0206] like Figure 12 As shown, the communication device 1200 may include code (code 1250) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1230 for transmitting information about the auxiliary RS of the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell.

[0207] The various components of the communication device 1200 can provide for performing tasks related to... Figure 10The described method 1000 or any components related thereto. For example, components for transmitting, conveying, or outputting for transmission may include the transceiver 254 and / or antenna 252 of UE 120, and / or Figure 12 The communication device 1200 includes a transceiver 1208 and an antenna 1210. Components for receiving or acquiring data may include the transceiver 254 and / or antenna 252 of the UE 120, and / or... Figure 12 The transceiver 1208 and antenna 1210 of the communication device 1200.

[0208] Figure 12 This is provided as an example. Other examples can be combined with it. Figure 12 The examples described are different.

[0209] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a specific implementation of the code and circuitry for a communication device 1300 according to this disclosure. The communication device 1300 may be an LTM source cell (such as BS 110 or as per relevant regulations). Figure 3 The described decomposed base station, or LTM source cell, may include communication device 1300. Communication device 1300 may be configured for wireless communication, such as based on wireless communication specifications.

[0210] Communication device 1300 includes a processing system 1302 coupled to a transceiver 1308 (e.g., a transmitter and / or receiver, and the transceiver may include a single transceiver or multiple transceivers capable of performing various operations described herein). Transceiver 1308 is configured to transmit and receive signals for communication device 1300 via antenna 1310 (e.g., one or more antennas), such as various signals as described herein. Network interface 1312 is configured to transmit via a communication link (such as those described herein). Figure 3 The described backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link receive and transmit signals for communication device 1300. Processing system 1302 can be configured to perform processing functions of communication device 1300, including processing signals received by and / or to be transmitted by communication device 1300.

[0211] Processing system 1302 includes one or more processors 1320. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1320 may include one or more of a receive processor 238, a transmit processor 220, a TX MIMO processor 230, and / or a controller / processor 240, as per [reference to...]. Figure 2 As described. One or more processors 1320 are coupled to computer-readable medium / memory 1330 via bus 1306. In various aspects, computer-readable medium / memory 1330 may include one or more memories such as memory 242, as described above. Figure 2 As described. In some aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1330 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code, processor-executable code) that, when executed by one or more processors 1320, cause one or more processors 1320 to perform actions related to... Figure 11 The described method 1100 or any aspect thereof. It should be noted that references to a processor performing the functions of communication device 1300 may include one or more processors performing that function of communication device 1300. It should also be noted that references to one or more processors performing multiple functions may include a first processor performing a first function of the multiple functions and a second processor performing a second function of the multiple functions.

[0212] like Figure 13 As shown, the communication device 1300 may include circuitry (circuit 1335) for receiving time-domain beam prediction results from the UE regarding the predicted resources of the LTM target cell.

[0213] like Figure 13 As shown, the communication device 1300 may include code (code 1340) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1330 for receiving time-domain beam prediction results from the UE regarding the predicted resources of the LTM target cell.

[0214] like Figure 13 As shown, the communication device 1300 may include circuitry (circuit 1345) for receiving auxiliary RS information about the LTM target cell.

[0215] like Figure 13 As shown, the communication device 1300 may include code (code 1350) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1330 for receiving auxiliary RS information about the LTM target cell.

[0216] like Figure 13 As shown, the communication device 1300 may include circuitry (circuit 1355) for transmitting information about the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell.

[0217] like Figure 13 As shown, the communication device 1300 may include code (code 1360) stored in a computer-readable medium / memory 1330 for transmitting information about the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell.

[0218] The various components of the communication device 1300 can provide for performing tasks related to... Figure 11 The described method 1100 or any components related thereto. For example, components for transmitting, conveying, or outputting for transmission may include the transceiver 232 and / or antenna 234 of BS 110, and / or Figure 13 The communication device 1300 includes a transceiver 1308 and / or an antenna 1310. Components for receiving or acquiring data may include a transceiver 232 and / or an antenna 234 of BS 110, and / or... Figure 13 The transceiver 1308 and / or antenna 1310 of the communication device 1300.

[0219] Figure 13 This is provided as an example. Other examples can be combined with it. Figure 13 The examples described are different.

[0220] The following provides an overview of some aspects of this disclosure: Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: transmitting temporal beam prediction results of predicted resources for an LTM target cell to a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) source cell; and transmitting information about an auxiliary reference signal (RS) for the LTM target cell to the LTM source cell.

[0221] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with the prediction resource.

[0222] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with the same spatial transmission filter as the prediction resource.

[0223] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the information regarding the auxiliary RS includes at least one of the following: an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time-domain timings for the auxiliary RS, or frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources.

[0224] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method further comprising: receiving from the LTM source cell a command to hand over to the LTM target cell, the command instructing the transmission of the information about the auxiliary RS.

[0225] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein transmitting the information about the auxiliary RS further comprises: transmitting the information about the auxiliary RS via a channel state information report.

[0226] Aspect 7: According to the method of aspect 6, wherein the channel state information report includes bits indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.

[0227] Aspect 8: According to the method of aspect 7, wherein the channel state information report includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.

[0228] Aspect 9: According to the method of aspect 8, the one or more parameters are included in a variable-size portion of the channel state information report.

[0229] Aspect 10: The method according to aspect 6, wherein the channel state information report is a first channel state information report, and wherein the method further comprises: transmitting a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.

[0230] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein sending the information about the auxiliary RS further comprises: sending the information about the auxiliary RS via a Media Access Control Control Element (MAC-CE).

[0231] Aspect 12: According to the method of aspect 11, wherein the MAC-CE includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.

[0232] Aspect 13: According to the method of aspect 12, wherein the MAC-CE includes one or more parameters relating to the auxiliary RS.

[0233] Aspect 14: According to the method of aspect 13, wherein one or more parameters are included in a portion of the MAC-CE having a variable size.

[0234] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, the method further comprising: switching to the LTM target cell; and measuring the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell.

[0235] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 15 further includes: sending feedback to the LTM target cell regarding the measurement of the auxiliary RS.

[0236] Aspect 17: According to the method of aspect 16, the method further includes: receiving a channel state information report feedback trigger, wherein sending the feedback further includes: sending the feedback according to the channel state information report feedback trigger.

[0237] Aspect 18: According to the method of aspect 15, measuring the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell further includes: measuring the auxiliary RS without sending the feedback according to a channel state information report setting that indicates not to send feedback about the auxiliary RS.

[0238] Aspect 19: A method for wireless communication performed by a lower-layer-triggered mobility (LTM) source cell, the method comprising: receiving from a user equipment (UE) a time-domain beam prediction result of predicted resources for an LTM target cell; receiving information about an auxiliary reference signal (RS) for the LTM target cell; and transmitting the information about the auxiliary RS to the LTM target cell.

[0239] Aspect 20: The method according to aspect 19, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with the prediction resource.

[0240] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 20, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with the same spatial transmission filter as the prediction resource.

[0241] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 21, wherein the information regarding the auxiliary RS includes at least one of the following: an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource, one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time-domain timings for the auxiliary RS, or frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources.

[0242] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 22, the method further comprising: sending a command for the UE to hand over to the LTM target cell, the command instructing the transmission of the information about the auxiliary RS.

[0243] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 23, wherein receiving the information about the auxiliary RS further comprises: receiving the information about the auxiliary RS via a channel state information report.

[0244] Aspect 25: According to the method of aspect 24, wherein the channel state information report includes bits indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.

[0245] Aspect 26: According to the method of aspect 25, wherein the channel state information report includes one or more parameters regarding the auxiliary RS.

[0246] Aspect 27: According to the method of aspect 26, wherein one or more parameters are included in a variable-size portion of the channel state information report.

[0247] Aspect 28: The method according to aspect 24, wherein the channel state information report is a first channel state information report, and wherein the method further comprises: receiving a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.

[0248] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 28, wherein receiving the information about the auxiliary RS further comprises: receiving the information about the auxiliary RS via a media access control control element (MAC-CE).

[0249] Aspect 30: The method according to aspect 29, wherein the MAC-CE includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the prediction resource.

[0250] Aspect 31: According to the method of aspect 30, wherein the MAC-CE includes one or more parameters relating to the auxiliary RS.

[0251] Aspect 32: According to the method of aspect 31, wherein one or more parameters are included in a portion of the MAC-CE having a variable size.

[0252] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 32.

[0253] Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 32.

[0254] Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 32.

[0255] Aspect 36: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 32.

[0256] Aspect 37: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 32.

[0257] Aspect 38: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a processing system including one or more processors and one or more memories coupled to the one or more processors, the processing system being configured to cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 32.

[0258] Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors being individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform one or more of the methods according to aspects 1 to 32.

[0259] While the foregoing disclosure provides examples and descriptions, it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made based on the foregoing disclosure, or from various forms of practice.

[0260] Further disclosure is included in the appendix. This appendix is ​​provided by way of example only and is considered part of this specification. Definitions, illustrations, or other descriptions in the appendix do not supersede or cover similar information included in the detailed descriptions or figures. Furthermore, this appendix is ​​not intended to limit the disclosure of possible aspects.

[0261] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other names, "software" should be interpreted broadly as meaning instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, and / or functions, etc. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented in hardware and / or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the systems and / or methods described herein can be implemented in various forms of hardware and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limiting in any way. Therefore, no specific software code is referenced in this document to describe the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed, at least in part, based on the descriptions herein, to implement the systems and / or methods.

[0262] As used in this article, depending on the context, "meeting the threshold" can mean a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0263] Although specific combinations of features are set forth in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically set forth in the claims and / or not disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with each other claim in the set of claims. As used herein, the phrase referring to “at least one of” the list of items means any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c, as well as any combination having multiple identical elements (e.g., a+a, a+a+a, a+a+b, a+a+c, a+b+b, a+c+c, b+b, b+b+b, b+b+c, c+c, and c+c+c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0264] No element, action, or instruction used herein should be construed as essential or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the article “described” is intended to include one or more items mentioned in connection with the article “described” and is used interchangeably with “one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “group” and “cluster” are intended to include one or more items and are used interchangeably with “one or more.” If only one item is desired, the phrase “only one” or similar terminology will be used. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “have,” “possess,” “have,” etc., are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Furthermore, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “at least partially based on” unless otherwise explicitly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and is interchangeable with “and / or” unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., in the case of its use in conjunction with “any” or “only one”).

[0265] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein do not limit the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, the function and arrangement of the elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as appropriate in the various examples. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or practice. Moreover, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such apparatuses or methods practiced using other structures, functionalities, or structures and functionalities that complement or replace the various aspects of this disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0266] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in this disclosure can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. While the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, in alternative embodiments, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working in conjunction with a DSP core, a system-on-a-chip (SoC), or any other such configuration).

[0267] As used herein, the term "determine" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determine" can include calculation, operation, processing, deduction, investigation, lookup (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), assertion, etc. Additionally, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc. Furthermore, "determine" can include parsing, selecting, picking, building, etc.

[0268] References to elements in the singular form are not intended to mean “only one” (unless specifically stated as “only one”), but rather “one or more”. For example, unless otherwise specified, references to elements (e.g., “processor”, “controller”, “memory”, etc.) should be understood to mean one or more elements (e.g., “one or more processors”, “one or more controllers”, “one or more memories”, etc.).

[0269] When referring to one or more elements that perform functions (e.g., steps of a method), one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may jointly perform these functions. When more than one element jointly performs these functions, each function does not need to be performed by every single element (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements), and / or each function does not need to be performed by only one element as a whole (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function). Similarly, when referring to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., a device) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause another element to perform all functions, or more than one element may be jointly configured to cause another element to perform these functions.

[0270] The methods disclosed herein include one or more actions for implementing the methods. These method actions may be interchanged without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specified order of actions is given, the order and / or use of a particular action may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Furthermore, the various operations of the methods described above may be performed by any suitable component capable of performing the corresponding function. These components may include various hardware and / or software components and / or modules, including but not limited to circuits, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or processors.

[0271] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within the claims, unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to the singular form of an element is not intended to mean “one and only one,” but rather “one or more.” Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term “some” refers to one or more. No element of any claim shall be interpreted in accordance with 35 USC §112(f) unless that element is explicitly stated using the phrase “for a component of.” All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described herein that are known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, or will be known later, are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: send, to a lower tier triggered mobility (LTM) source cell, time domain beam prediction results for predicted resources of an LTM target cell; and send, to the LTM source cell, information for an auxiliary reference signal (RS) of the LTM target cell.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with the predicted resources.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with a same spatial transmission filter as the predicted resources.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the information for the auxiliary RS comprises at least one of: an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the predicted resources, one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time domain occasions for the auxiliary RS, or a frequency domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to receive, from the LTM source cell, a command to handover to the LTM target cell, the command indicating to send the information for the auxiliary RS.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to cause the apparatus to send the information for the auxiliary RS, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send the information for the auxiliary RS via a channel state information report.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the channel state information report includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the predicted resources.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the channel state information report includes one or more parameters for the auxiliary RS.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more parameters are included in a portion of the channel state information report having a variable size.

10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the channel state information report is a first channel state information report, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to send a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to cause the apparatus to send the information for the auxiliary RS, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to send the information for the auxiliary RS via a medium access control control element (MAC-CE). ​ 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the MAC-CE includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the predicted resource.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the MAC-CE includes one or more parameters for the auxiliary RS.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the one or more parameters are included in a portion of the MAC-CE having a variable size.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to: transition to the LTM target cell; and measure the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to: transmit feedback to the LTM target cell regarding measuring the auxiliary RS.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to receive a channel state information report feedback trigger, wherein to cause the apparatus to transmit the feedback, the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to transmit the feedback in accordance with the channel state information report feedback trigger.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein to cause the apparatus to measure the auxiliary RS on the LTM target cell, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to measure the auxiliary RS without transmitting feedback regarding the auxiliary RS in accordance with a channel state information report setting indicating not to transmit the feedback.

19. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories including processor-executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to: receive, from a user equipment (UE), a time-domain beam prediction result for a predicted resource of an LTM target cell; receive information regarding an auxiliary reference signal (RS) of the LTM target cell; and transmit, to the LTM target cell, the information regarding the auxiliary RS.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with the predicted resource.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the auxiliary RS is associated with a same spatial transmit filter as the predicted resource.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the information regarding the auxiliary RS includes at least one of: an indication of whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the predicted resource, one or more auxiliary RS resources for the auxiliary RS, one or more identifiers of the one or more auxiliary RS resources, one or more time-domain occasions for the auxiliary RS, or a frequency-domain density of the one or more auxiliary RS resources. ​ 23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to transmit a command for the UE to switch to the LTM target cell, the command indicating transmission of the information about the auxiliary RS.

24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein to cause the apparatus to receive the information about the auxiliary RS, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive the information about the auxiliary RS via a channel state information report.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the channel state information report includes a bit indicating whether the LTM target cell should transmit the auxiliary RS on the predicted resource.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the channel state information report includes one or more parameters about the auxiliary RS.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more parameters are included in a portion of the channel state information report having a variable size.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the channel state information report is a first channel state information report, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to receive a second channel state information report indicating one or more parameters associated with the auxiliary RS.

29. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: transmitting, to a lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) source cell, time domain beam prediction results for predicted resources of an LTM target cell; and transmitting, to the LTM source cell, information about an auxiliary reference signal (RS) of the LTM target cell.

30. A method of wireless communication performed by a lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) source cell, the method comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), time domain beam prediction results for predicted resources of an LTM target cell; receiving information about an auxiliary reference signal (RS) of the LTM target cell; transmitting, to the LTM target cell, the information about the auxiliary RS. ​ ​

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