IgY gel bead preparation equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical gel beads, and particularly discloses IgY gel bead preparation equipment which comprises a base, a supporting plate is fixedly mounted on one side of the top of the base, a fixing plate is arranged above the supporting plate, a preparation box is arranged below the fixing plate and located on one side of the supporting plate, and a heating mechanism is arranged in the preparation box. A stirring mechanism is arranged in the heating mechanism, a cleaning mechanism is arranged in the heating mechanism and located on one side of the stirring mechanism, a feeding mechanism is arranged above the heating mechanism and located on one side of the stirring mechanism, a liquid adding mechanism is fixedly arranged on the side, away from the supporting plate, of the preparation box, and a mixing mechanism is arranged on the side, close to the supporting plate, of the preparation box; and a driving mechanism is arranged below the mixing mechanism. The device has the characteristics of diversified functions, high mixing efficiency and capability of meeting various requirements in the preparation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical gel bead technology, and in particular to an apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads. Background Technology

[0002] Immunoglobulins are proteins found in egg yolks, possessing diverse biological characteristics and closely related to human health. However, protein drugs, characterized by their large molecular weight and complex spatial structure, are easily destroyed by the complex physiological environment during drug delivery, especially by numerous enzymes. Therefore, during oral administration, the antigen-binding activity of IgY is reduced or even completely lost due to hydrolysis by gastric acid and pepsin, significantly diminishing its bioavailability. To improve the bioavailability of oral IgY and resist degradation by gastric acid and pepsin, further research is needed on how to appropriately protect IgY activity to ensure its stable function in the small intestine, and to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the development and utilization of IgY. Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) are highly active oral antibodies. Due to their specificity, they can be used to protect and treat intestinal diseases caused by pathogens in various parts of the intestine, achieving the effects of disease prevention and control and improving human immunity. They are characterized by simple preparation, low cost, high yield, safety and non-toxicity, strong specificity, and no drug resistance, and are closely related to human health. Oral IgY can only exert its functional activity after being absorbed and utilized by the human body. However, as an oral protein, oral IgY is very sensitive to pepsin and the low pH environment of the stomach, and is prone to losing its biological activity. Therefore, encapsulating it using microencapsulation technology is one of the effective measures to maximize the preservation of IgY's biological activity and improve its stability. Patent document CN113975387A discloses a method for preparing egg yolk antibody-encapsulated gel particles against Helicobacter pylori. The steps are as follows: First, egg yolk antibody IgY is mixed with preservatives and other substances and emulsified to obtain an egg yolk antibody emulsion. Using gelatin and gum arabic as wall materials and the egg yolk antibody emulsion as core material, gum arabic solution and gelatin are added. The pH value is adjusted using hydrochloric acid, and the mixture is stirred to coagulate the material into microcapsules. Then, the microcapsules are mixed with sodium alginate solution to form a mixture. The mixture is then slowly dripped into calcium chloride solution. After washing and drying, the gel beads obtained are shown. The gel beads in this patent document have a high encapsulation rate, which can improve the antibody titer, reduce the activity loss rate of specific immunoglobulins in the stomach, and make the egg yolk antibody IgY gel beads in the gastrointestinal tract highly active, with a continuous and slow release effect, eradicating Helicobacter pylori in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby exerting a therapeutic effect without producing side effects or disrupting the intestinal flora. However, the stability of the activity of IgY gel beads and their in vitro release effect in the gastrointestinal tract are still not ideal. Furthermore, the preparation of IgY gel beads requires a specific preparation device. However, existing preparation devices are too limited in function, only capable of simple stirring and mixing of the raw materials needed for IgY gel bead preparation. This results in poor mixing efficiency and an inability to meet the various requirements of the IgY gel bead preparation process, leading to inconsistent quality of the prepared IgY gel beads and failure to meet standard requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing oral IgY preparation process, the present invention provides a preparation device for IgY gel beads with diverse functions, high mixing efficiency and the ability to meet various needs in the preparation process.

[0004] The first technical solution of this invention: IgY gel beads, comprising the following components by weight: 1-3.5 parts sodium alginate, 0.5-10 parts modified shellac, 0.5-1.5 parts lecithin, 0.25-1.75 parts IgY, 0.5-3 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water. This invention uses appropriate amounts of sodium alginate, modified shellac, lecithin, IgY, and crosslinking agent as raw materials, with sodium alginate as the main wall material and shellac and lecithin as composite wall materials. The crosslinking agent is used to prepare gel beads encapsulating IgY using a sharp-pore coagulation bath method, ultimately obtaining the IgY gel beads of this invention. This method better reduces the activity loss of IgY in the stomach, allowing it to exert better efficacy in the intestines. The gel beads prepared by encapsulating IgY in a composite wall material using a mixture of shellac and sodium alginate in this invention exhibit superior properties. The composite wall material achieves optimal encapsulation, with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as indicators. The encapsulation efficiency reaches 85.49%, and the drug loading reaches 29.62%. The IgY activity in the gel beads is 92%, which increases the IgY activity retention rate after gastric digestion by 40% and reduces the activity loss rate. The various substances in this invention work synergistically to better encapsulate IgY, preventing its release in the stomach and allowing it to be released only in the small intestine. This results in less activity loss before it takes effect and better release in the intestine.

[0005] Preferably, the composition comprises, by weight, the following components: 1.5-3 parts sodium alginate, 2-8 parts modified shellac, 0.7-1.2 parts lecithin, 0.5-1.5 parts IgY, 1-2.5 parts crosslinking agent, and an appropriate amount of water. Preferably, the composition comprises, by weight, the following components: 2-2.5 parts sodium alginate, 4-6 parts modified shellac, 0.9-1.1 parts lecithin, 0.7-1.3 parts IgY, 1.5-2 parts crosslinking agent, and an appropriate amount of water. Preferably, the composition comprises, by weight, the following components: 2.2 parts sodium alginate, 5 parts modified shellac, 1 part lecithin, 1 part IgY, 1.8 parts crosslinking agent, and an appropriate amount of water. Preferably, the crosslinking agent is anhydrous calcium chloride solution.

[0006] The second technical solution of the present invention: a method for preparing IgY gel beads, comprising the following steps: (S01) taking an appropriate amount of shellac powder and dissolving it in Na2CO3 solution through a feeding mechanism, then heating it in a water bath through a heating mechanism, and then mixing it with a stirring mechanism and a mixing mechanism to obtain a modified shellac solution; (S02) taking an appropriate amount of sodium alginate, lecithin and IgY and mixing them with the modified shellac solution in step (S01) through a feeding mechanism, then heating them in a water bath through a heating mechanism, and then mixing them with a stirring mechanism and a mixing mechanism until dissolved, and then letting them stand for later use; (S03) adding the mixed solution in step (S02) dropwise through a liquid adding mechanism while stirring it with a stirring mechanism into a CaCl2 solution, and after the dropwise addition is complete, continuing to stir and mix it with a stirring mechanism and a mixing mechanism until solidified; (S04) cleaning and drying the solidified material in step (S03) through a cleaning mechanism to obtain the finished IgY gel beads. This invention uses sodium alginate as the main wall material and shellac and lecithin as composite wall materials to prepare gel beads for encapsulating IgY via a sharp-pore coagulation bath method, reducing its activity loss in the stomach and allowing it to reach the intestines to exert its effects. The gel beads prepared by using a composite wall material of shellac and sodium alginate to encapsulate IgY exhibit the best performance. Using encapsulation rate and drug loading as indicators, the composite wall material encapsulation achieves an encapsulation rate of 85.49% and a drug loading of 29.62%, with 92% IgY activity in the gel beads. This increases the IgY activity retention rate after gastric digestion by 40% and reduces the activity loss rate. Microstructural observation reveals that the gel bead particles have a dense overall structure, and swelling-release experiments show that IgY is essentially not released in the stomach. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis analysis shows that the gel beads prepared in this invention can detect IgY in intestinal fluid but not in gastric fluid, indicating that the IgY gel beads are not digested in the stomach but are released in vitro in the small intestine.

[0007] Preferably, in step (S01), the water bath temperature is 55℃~65℃; the stirring time is 20min~40min. Preferably, in step (S02), the water bath temperature is 35℃~45℃; the stirring time is 20min~40min; the settling temperature is 22℃~28℃; the settling time is 8h~24h; and the stirring speed is 200r / min~300r / min. Preferably, the concentration of the Na2CO3 solution is 0.1mol / L; the mass concentration of the CaCl2 solution is 1.27%; the dropping height is 10cm; and the dropping rate is 1ml / min~1.5ml / min. Preferably, the drying is vacuum drying; the vacuum pressure is 500MPa~700MPa; the vacuum drying temperature is 35℃~45℃; and the vacuum drying time is 20h~28h.

[0008] The third technical solution of the present invention: a preparation device for IgY gel beads, comprising a base, a support plate fixedly installed on one side of the top of the base, a fixing plate arranged above the support plate, a preparation box arranged below the fixing plate and on one side of the support plate, a heating mechanism arranged inside the preparation box, a stirring mechanism arranged inside the heating mechanism, a cleaning mechanism arranged inside the heating mechanism and on one side of the stirring mechanism, a feeding mechanism arranged above the heating mechanism and on one side of the stirring mechanism, a liquid adding mechanism fixedly arranged on the side of the preparation box away from the support plate, a mixing mechanism arranged on the side of the preparation box close to the support plate, and a driving mechanism arranged below the mixing mechanism. This invention employs a heating mechanism to precisely heat water to the required temperature, resulting in better preparation effects. A stirring mechanism ensures thorough mixing of the Na₂CO₃ solution and shellac powder. A cleaning mechanism removes impurities, guaranteeing the quality of the final IgY gel beads. A feeding mechanism allows for the rapid and smooth addition of shellac powder, sodium alginate, lecithin, and IgY. A liquid addition mechanism smoothly and quickly adds the degassed wall and core material mixture. A mixing mechanism enhances the mixing effect of the Na₂CO₃ solution and shellac powder, as well as the mixing effect of sodium alginate, lecithin, and IgY with the modified shellac solution. A drive mechanism provides stable power for the entire equipment, ensuring stable operation throughout the preparation process.

[0009] Preferably, the stirring mechanism includes a motor, which is fixedly mounted on the top of a fixed plate. The output end of the motor passes through the fixed plate and extends into the interior of the preparation chamber. A rotating plate is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. A rotating rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating plate. A sliding rod is slidably connected to the outer side of the rotating rod. A first slider is symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the outer wall of the rotating rod. A first groove is symmetrically formed on both sides of the inner wall of the sliding rod to cooperate with the first slider, and the first slider is slidably connected to the interior of the first groove. An inclined plate is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding rod. A first spring is sleeved between the inclined plate and the rotating plate, located on the outer side of the rotating rod. The inclined plate is slidably connected to the outer side of the rotating rod. A first stirring rod is symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the outer wall of the sliding rod. A second stirring rod is fixedly connected between the two first stirring rods on the same side. The two second stirring rods are fixedly connected. A push rod is fixedly connected to the top of the motor, located on one side of the rotating plate. The stirring mechanism drives the motor's output to rotate the rotating plate, which in turn drives the rotating rod to rotate. This causes the sliding rod to rotate the inclined plate, which in turn drives the stirring rod to rotate. The rotating rod then mixes the Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder inside the mixing chamber. Simultaneously, when the upper end of the inclined plate moves away from the bottom of the first push rod, the inclined plate drives the sliding rod upwards, causing the first slider to slide upwards inside the first groove. This, in turn, drives the two stirring rods upwards, increasing the mixing effect inside the mixing chamber. Preferably, both of the second stirring rods have equidistant mounting slots inside, and fan blades are fixedly installed inside each of the mounting slots. The rotation of the stirring rods drives the fan blades, which rotate due to the propulsion of the Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder mixture, further enhancing the mixing effect.

[0010] Preferably, the mixing mechanism includes a first gear, a first rotating shaft rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixed plate on the side away from the motor, a second gear fixedly connected to the outer side of the first rotating shaft, the first gear fixedly connected to the outer side of the motor output end, and the first gear meshing with the second gear. A third gear is fixedly connected to the outer side of the first rotating shaft and below the second gear. A gear ring is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the preparation box, and the third gear meshes with the gear ring. A reinforcing seat is fixedly connected to the side of the support plate near the preparation box, and the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the interior of the reinforcing seat. Through the mixing mechanism, the first gear drives the second gear to rotate, then the second gear drives the first rotating shaft to rotate, thus the third gear follows suit, causing the gear ring to drive the preparation box to rotate. This facilitates further mixing of the Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder inside the preparation box, improving the mixing effect.

[0011] Preferably, the cleaning mechanism includes a main water pipe rotatably connected to the bottom of the preparation tank. Two branch water pipes are symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the main water pipe. Each branch water pipe has a connecting pipe fixedly connected to one end. Spray nozzles are equidistantly fixedly connected to the interior of each connecting pipe. The bottom end of the main water pipe extends into the base and is connected to a rotary joint. An inlet water pipe is connected to the end of the rotary joint away from the support plate. A scraping assembly is located on the outside of the main water pipe, below the branch water pipes. By incorporating the cleaning mechanism, water flows in from the inlet pipe, then sequentially through the main water pipe to the branch water pipes and connecting pipes, and finally is sprayed out by the spray nozzles to clean impurities inside the prepared mixing tank. This reduces the labor intensity of workers and improves the cleaning effect.

[0012] Preferably, the scraping assembly includes a horizontal plate fixedly connected to the outside of the main water pipe and located below the branch water pipe. Scrapers are symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the horizontal plate. The horizontal plate rotates with the main water pipe, causing the two scrapers to follow suit, scraping away the residual mixture on the inner wall at the bottom of the preparation tank, reducing waste caused by incomplete retrieval.

[0013] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a first connecting seat, which is fixedly connected to the bottom end of a first rotating shaft. The bottom of the first connecting seat is rotatably connected to the top of the base. A connecting ring is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first connecting seat. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting ring away from the support plate. A second connecting seat is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting rod. A first rack is fixedly connected to one end of the second connecting seat. A fourth gear is fixedly connected to the outer side of the main water pipe, located between the base and the preparation tank. The fourth gear meshes with the first rack. A limit component is provided at the bottom of the first rack. By adding a driving mechanism, the first connecting seat rotates with the first rotating shaft, pulling the connecting ring to follow. Then, the connecting rod pulls the first rack to follow, causing the fourth gear to rotate. This facilitates the fourth gear driving the main water pipe to rotate, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency inside the mixing tank.

[0014] Preferably, the limiting component includes a second slider, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first rack. A second groove, which mates with the second slider, is provided inside the base on one side of the rotary joint. The second slider is slidably connected to the inside of the second groove. During movement, the first rack drives the second slider to slide within the second groove, which helps to limit the movement trajectory of the first rack, thereby improving the stability of its movement.

[0015] Preferably, the feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper. A feeding pipe is fixedly connected inside the preparation box and on the side away from the rotating plate. The feeding hopper is fixedly connected to the top of the feeding pipe. A rotating box is rotatably connected inside the feeding hopper via a second rotating shaft. One end of one of the second rotating shafts extends to the outside of the feeding hopper, and one end of the second rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a second rack. A first cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the preparation box and on one side of the feeding hopper. The output end of the first cylinder is fixedly connected to the second rack, which meshes with a fifth gear. A weighing component is installed inside the rotating box. The required shellac powder is placed inside the rotating box through the feeding mechanism. Then, the first cylinder is activated, causing its output end to drive the second rack to rotate. The second rack then drives the fifth gear to rotate, causing the rotating box to flip inside the feeding hopper, which facilitates rapid feeding of the shellac powder inside the rotating box.

[0016] Preferably, the weighing assembly includes a weighing plate, with a pressure sensor fixedly installed at the bottom of the feed hopper, and the weighing plate fixedly installed on top of the pressure sensor. The weighing plate is slidably connected to the inside of the feed hopper. The shellac powder inside the rotating box can press down on the weighing plate, and the weight of the shellac powder inside the rotating box can be quickly detected by the pressure sensor, thereby controlling the weight of raw materials added each time and improving the accuracy of preparation.

[0017] Preferably, the liquid addition mechanism includes a liquid addition cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the side of the preparation tank away from the support plate. A piston is slidably connected inside the liquid addition cylinder. A second push rod is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the piston. One end of the second push rod extends to the outside of the liquid addition cylinder. A mounting plate is fixedly connected to one end of the second push rod. An adjustment component is provided on the top of the mounting plate. A connecting strip is fixedly connected to the end of the mounting plate near the motor. A third push rod is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting strip. A second spring is sleeved between the piston and the liquid addition cylinder and outside the second push rod. An inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the side of the second spring away from the preparation tank. A first solenoid valve is fixedly connected inside the inlet pipe. A storage cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the inlet pipe. A reinforcing rod is fixedly connected to the outside of the inlet pipe. One end of the reinforcing rod is fixedly connected to the outside of the liquid addition cylinder. Vent holes are symmetrically opened on both sides of the top of the liquid addition cylinder. An infusion pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the liquid addition cylinder. The degassed wall material and core material mixture is placed into the storage cylinder through the liquid addition mechanism. Then, the No. 1 solenoid valve is opened to allow the degassed wall material and core material mixture in the storage cylinder to flow from the inlet pipe into the liquid addition cylinder. After the liquid addition cylinder rotates with the preparation box to below the connecting bar, the No. 3 push rod will push the adjustment plate downward, causing the mounting plate to push the No. 2 push rod downward. Then, the piston moves downward to press the degassed wall material and core material mixture from the infusion pipe into the mixing box, which facilitates the automatic addition of the degassed wall material and core material mixture into the mixing box.

[0018] Preferably, the adjustment assembly includes a second cylinder. An adjustment plate is rotatably connected to one side of the top edge of the mounting plate, and the second cylinder is rotatably connected to the other side of the top edge of the mounting plate. The output end of the second cylinder is rotatably connected to the bottom of the adjustment plate. By activating the second cylinder, its output end pushes the adjustment plate to rotate around the mounting plate, which facilitates adjustment of the tilt angle of the adjustment plate, thereby changing the amount of wall material and core material mixture added after each degassing.

[0019] Preferably, the heating mechanism includes a mixing chamber fixedly connected inside the preparation chamber. A water tank is provided inside the mixing chamber, and an electric heating wire is fixedly installed inside the water tank. One end of both the sliding rod and the rotating rod extends into the interior of the mixing chamber. The outer side of the sliding rod is rotatably connected to the interior of the mixing chamber. The outer side of the main water pipe is rotatably connected to the interior of the mixing chamber, and one end of the main water pipe is rotatably connected to one end of the feed pipe. A temperature sensor is fixedly installed on the top of the mixing chamber, near the support plate. A vent pipe is fixedly connected inside the mixing chamber, near the temperature sensor. One end of the infusion pipe extends through the preparation chamber into the interior of the mixing chamber and is fixedly connected to the interior of the mixing chamber. One end of the feed pipe extends into the interior of the mixing chamber and is fixedly connected to the interior of the mixing chamber. A discharge mechanism is provided at the bottom of the mixing chamber. By turning on the heating wire, the water inside the tank can be heated to the required temperature. The temperature sensor can monitor the water temperature in real time, which helps to improve the accuracy of water heating and prevent different water temperatures from affecting the preparation effect.

[0020] Preferably, the first discharge mechanism includes two first discharge pipes, which are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the bottom sides of the mixing chamber. A second solenoid valve is fixedly connected inside each of the two first discharge pipes. Preferably, a second discharge mechanism is provided at the bottom of the preparation chamber; the second discharge mechanism includes a second discharge pipe, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the preparation chamber. A third solenoid valve is fixedly connected inside the second discharge pipe. Preferably, a material handling door is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the preparation chamber, located on one side of the gear ring. A control panel is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the preparation chamber, above the material handling door. The third solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the heating wire, the second cylinder, the first solenoid valve, the pressure sensor, the first cylinder, the temperature sensor, and the motor are all electrically connected to the control panel. The control panel allows for centralized control of all electrical components, reducing operator time and improving operational efficiency.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) By selecting appropriate amounts of sodium alginate, modified shellac, lecithin, IgY and crosslinking agent as raw materials, sodium alginate is used as the main wall material, and shellac and lecithin are used as composite wall materials. The crosslinking agent is used to prepare gel beads to embed IgY through the sharp hole-coagulation bath method, and finally IgY gel beads in the present invention are obtained, so as to better reduce the activity loss of IgY in the stomach and make it reach the intestine to exert better efficacy; (2) The gel beads prepared by using shellac and sodium alginate to make composite wall material to embed IgY have the best performance, with the best embedding rate and drug loading. Using quantity as an indicator, the composite wall material embedding achieved an embedding rate of 85.49% and a drug loading of 29.62%. The IgY activity in the gel beads was 92%, which increased the IgY activity retention rate after gastric digestion by 40% and reduced the activity loss rate. (3) Through microscopic structural observation, it was found that the overall structure of the gel bead particles was dense. The swelling and release experiment showed that IgY was basically not released in the stomach. The present invention found through SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis analysis that the gel beads prepared in this invention could detect IgY in intestinal fluid, but not in gastric fluid, indicating that the IgY gel... The beads were not digested in the stomach, but were released in vitro in the small intestine; (4) Various substances worked synergistically to better encapsulate IgY, so that IgY was not released in the stomach, but was released in the small intestine. Its activity loss before exerting its effect was less, and the release effect in the intestine was better; (5) By setting a heating mechanism to heat the water to the required temperature, the water can be heated precisely, thereby achieving a better preparation effect; By setting a stirring mechanism to mix Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder, a full mixing effect is ensured; By setting a cleaning mechanism to clean Impurities are cleaned to ensure the quality of the final IgY gel beads. A feeding mechanism is installed to quickly and smoothly add the required shellac powder, sodium alginate, lecithin, and IgY. A liquid addition mechanism is installed to smoothly and quickly add the degassed wall material and core material mixture. A mixing mechanism is installed to improve the mixing effect of Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder, as well as the mixing effect of sodium alginate, lecithin, and IgY with modified shellac solution. A drive mechanism is installed to provide stable power for the operation of the entire equipment, ensuring the stable operation of the entire preparation process. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drive mechanism structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second stirring rod in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the scraping component structure in this invention; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment component structure in this invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point D; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point E; Figure 13 This is a graph showing the effect of sodium alginate concentration in IgY for single wall material embedding on the gel bead embedding effect of the present invention. Figure 14 This is a diagram showing the effect of CaCl2 in the single wall material embedded IgY on the embedding effect of gel beads in this invention; Figure 15 This is a graph showing the effect of the core-to-wall ratio on the encapsulation effect of gel beads in IgY encapsulated with a single wall material in this invention. Figure 16 This is a swelling curve of gel beads with different sodium alginate concentrations in IgY embedded in a single wall material according to the present invention. Figure 17 This is a swelling curve of gel beads with different CaCl2 concentrations embedded in IgY in a single wall material according to the present invention. Figure 18 This is a swelling curve of gel beads with different core-to-wall ratios in IgY encapsulated with a single wall material according to the present invention. Figure 19 This is an in vitro release diagram of gel beads with different sodium alginate concentrations in IgY embedded in a single wall material according to the present invention. Figure 20 This is an in vitro release diagram of gel beads with different calcium chloride concentrations embedded in IgY in a single wall material according to the present invention. Figure 21 This is an in vitro release diagram of gel beads with different core-to-wall ratios embedded in IgY using a single wall material according to the present invention. Figure 22 This is a graph showing the effect of different shellac concentrations in the composite wall material of this invention on the encapsulation effect of gel beads. Figure 23 SEM images of the IgY-calcium alginate gel beads (a80, b1500) and IgY-calcium alginate-shellac-lecithin gel beads (c80, d1500) of this invention. Figure 24 This is a graph showing the effect of different shellac concentrations in the composite wall material of this invention on the swelling degree of gel bead particles. Figure 25 This is an in vitro release diagram of gel beads with different shellac concentrations embedded in IgY in the composite wall material of this invention.

[0023] The markings in the attached diagram are as follows: 100-base; 200-support plate; 300-fixed plate; 400-preparation box; 500-stirring mechanism; 501-motor; 502-rotating rod; 503-rotating plate; 504-spring number one; 505-sloping plate; 506-push rod number one; 507-sliding rod; 508-slide groove number one; 509-slider number one; 510-stirring rod number one; 511-stirring rod number two; 512-mounting groove; 513-fan blade; 600-mixing mechanism; 601-gear number one; 602-gear number two; 603-rotating shaft number one; 604-... - Gear No. 3; 605 Gear Ring; 700 Drive Mechanism; 701 Connecting Seat No. 1; 702 Connecting Ring; 703 Connecting Rod; 704 Connecting Seat No. 2; 705 Rack No. 1; 706 Gear No. 4; 800 Cleaning Mechanism; 801 Main Water Pipe; 802 Distributor Water Pipe; 803 Connecting Pipe; 804 No. 1 No. 1; 805 Rotary Joint; 806 Inlet Pipe; 900 Feeding Mechanism; 901 Feed Hopper; 902 Feed Pipe; 903 Cylinder No. 1; 904 Rack No. 2; 905 Gear No. 5; 906 Rotating Box; 907 Second rotating shaft; 1000-Weighing assembly; 1001-Weighing plate; 1002-Pressure sensor; 1100-Liquid filling mechanism; 1101-Liquid filling cylinder; 1102-Piston; 1103-Second push rod; 1104-Mounting plate; 1105-Connecting strip; 1106-Third push rod; 1107-Liquid storage cylinder; 1108-Liquid inlet pipe; 1109-First solenoid valve; 1110-Second spring; 1111-Ventilation hole; 1112-Reinforcing rod; 1200-Adjusting assembly; 1201-Second cylinder; 1202-Adjusting plate; 1300-Scraping assembly; 1301-Horizontal plate; 1302-Scraper; 1400-Discharge mechanism No. 1; 1401-Discharge pipe No. 1; 1402-Solenoid valve No. 2; 1500-Heating mechanism; 1501-Mixing box; 1502-Water tank; 1503-Heating wire; 1600-Discharge mechanism No. 2; 1601-Discharge pipe No. 2; 1602-Solenoid valve No. 3; 1700-Limit assembly; 1701-Slider No. 2; 1702-Slide groove No. 2; 1800-Temperature sensor; 1900-Ventilation pipe; 2000-Reinforcing seat; 2100-Control panel; 2200-Discharge gate. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0025] IgY gel beads, by weight, comprise the following components: 1-3.5 parts sodium alginate, 0.5-10 parts modified shellac, 0.5-1.5 parts lecithin, 0.25-1.75 parts IgY, 0.5-3 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0026] IgY gel beads, by weight, comprise the following components: 1.5-3 parts sodium alginate, 2-8 parts modified shellac, 0.7-1.2 parts lecithin, 0.5-1.5 parts IgY, 1-2.5 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0027] IgY gel beads, by weight, comprise the following components: 2-2.5 parts sodium alginate, 4-6 parts modified shellac, 0.9-1.1 parts lecithin, 0.7-1.3 parts IgY, 1.5-2 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0028] IgY gel beads, by weight, comprise the following components: 2.2 parts sodium alginate, 5 parts modified shellac, 1 part lecithin, 1 part IgY, 1.8 parts crosslinking agent, and an appropriate amount of water. The crosslinking agent is anhydrous calcium chloride solution.

[0029] The preparation method of IgY gel beads includes the following steps: (S01) An appropriate amount of shellac powder is taken through the feeding mechanism 900 and dissolved in Na2CO3 solution, then heated in a water bath by the heating mechanism 1500, and then stirred by the stirring mechanism 500 and the mixing mechanism 600 to obtain a modified shellac solution; the water bath temperature is 55℃~65℃; the stirring time is 20min~40min; the concentration of Na2CO3 solution is 0.1mol / l; (S02) An appropriate amount of sodium alginate, lecithin and IgY are taken through the feeding mechanism 900 and mixed with the modified shellac solution in step (S01), then heated in a water bath by the heating mechanism 1500, and then stirred by the stirring mechanism 500 and the mixing mechanism 600 until dissolved, and then left to stand for later use; the water bath temperature is 35℃~45℃; the stirring time is 20min~40min; the standing temperature is 2℃~45℃. 2℃~28℃; standing time is 8h~24h; stirring speed is 200r / min~300r / min; (S03) The mixed solution in step (S02) is added dropwise through the liquid addition mechanism 1100 and stirred by the stirring mechanism 500 into the CaCl2 solution. After the addition is complete, the mixture is continuously stirred and mixed by the stirring mechanism 500 and the mixing mechanism 600 until solidification; the mass concentration of the CaCl2 solution is 1.27%; the dropping height is 10cm; the dropping rate is 1ml / min~1.5ml / min; (S04) The solidified material in step (S03) is cleaned and dried by the cleaning mechanism 800 to obtain the IgY gel beads; the drying is vacuum drying; the vacuum pressure of vacuum drying is 500MPa~700MPa; the drying temperature of vacuum drying is 35℃~45℃; the drying time of vacuum drying is 20h~28h.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads shown includes a base 100, a support plate 200, and a fixing plate 300. The support plate 200 is fixedly mounted on one side of the top of the base 100. The fixing plate 300 is positioned above the support plate 200. A preparation chamber 400 is positioned below the fixing plate 300 and located on one side of the support plate 200. A heating mechanism 1500 is installed inside the preparation chamber 400. A scraping assembly 1300 is installed inside the preparation chamber 400 and below the heating mechanism 1500. The structure 1500 is equipped with a stirring mechanism 500 inside, a cleaning mechanism 800 is provided inside the heating mechanism 1500 and on one side of the stirring mechanism 500, a feeding mechanism 900 is provided above the heating mechanism 1500 and on one side of the stirring mechanism 500, a liquid adding mechanism 1100 is fixedly provided on the side of the preparation box 400 away from the support plate 200, a mixing mechanism 600 is provided on the side of the preparation box 400 close to the support plate 200, and a driving mechanism 700 is provided below the mixing mechanism 600.

[0031] The stirring mechanism 500 includes a motor 501. The motor 501 is fixedly mounted on the top of the fixed plate 300. The output end of the motor 501 passes through the fixed plate 300 and extends into the preparation box 400. A rotating plate 503 is fixedly connected to the inside of the rotating plate 503. A rotating rod 502 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating plate 503. A sliding connection, such as..., is made on the outside of the rotating rod 502. Figure 3 The sliding rod 507 shown, and the rotating rod 502 are symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the outer wall as shown. Figure 10 As shown, the first slider 509 has symmetrically formed first grooves 508 on both sides of the inner wall of the sliding rod 507, which mate with the first slider 509. The first slider 509 is slidably connected to the inside of the first groove 508. The top of the sliding rod 507 is fixedly connected to an inclined plate 505. Between the inclined plate 505 and the rotating plate 503, and located outside the rotating rod 502, is a [missing information - likely a design element]. Figure 8 As shown, spring 504, inclined plate 505 and the outer side of rotating rod 502 are slidably connected, and the outer walls of sliding rod 507 are symmetrically fixedly connected to each other as shown. Figure 5 The first stirring rod 510 shown has two second stirring rods 511 fixedly connected to each other on the same side. A push rod 506 is fixedly connected to the top of the motor 501, located on one side of the rotating plate 503. Each of the two second stirring rods 511 has an equidistant mounting groove 512 inside, and each of the two mounting grooves 512 has a fixedly installed component such as... Figure 9The fan blade 513 shown; through the stirring mechanism 500, the output end of the motor 501 drives the rotating plate 503 to rotate, thereby the rotating plate 503 drives the rotating rod 502 to rotate, causing the sliding rod 507 to drive the inclined plate 505 to rotate as well. Then, the two stirring rods 511 follow the rotation to mix the Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder inside the mixing box 1501. At the same time, when the high end of the inclined plate 505 rotates away from the bottom of the first push rod 506, the inclined plate 505 will drive the sliding rod 507 to move upward, causing the first slider 509 to slide upward inside the first groove 508, thereby driving the two stirring rods 511 to move upward as well, increasing the mixing effect inside the mixing box 1501. At the same time, the rotation of the stirring rods 511 will drive the fan blade 513 to move. The fan blade 513 rotates due to the propulsion of the mixed liquid of Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder, further improving the mixing effect.

[0032] The mixing mechanism 600 includes a first gear 601. A first rotating shaft 603 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixed plate 300 on the side away from the motor 501. A second gear 602 is fixedly connected to the outside of the first rotating shaft 603. The first gear 601 is fixedly connected to the outside of the output end of the motor 501. The first gear 601 and the second gear 602 are meshed together. A third gear 604 is fixedly connected to the outside of the first rotating shaft 603 and below the second gear 602. A gear ring 605 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the preparation box 400. The third gear 604 meshes with the gear ring 605. The gears 605 are meshed together. A reinforcing seat 2000 is fixedly connected to the side of the support plate 200 near the preparation box 400. The first rotating shaft 603 is rotatably connected to the inside of the reinforcing seat 2000. Through the mixing mechanism 600, the first gear 601 drives the second gear 602 to rotate. Then, the second gear 602 drives the first rotating shaft 603 to rotate, so the third gear 604 follows and rotates, causing the gear ring 605 to drive the preparation box 400 to rotate. This facilitates further mixing of the Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder inside the preparation box 400 and improves the mixing effect.

[0033] The cleaning mechanism 800 includes a main water pipe 801 and a scraping assembly 1300. The main water pipe 801 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the preparation tank 400. Two branch water pipes 802 are symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the main water pipe 801. One end of each branch water pipe 802 is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe 803. Spray nozzles 804 are equidistantly fixedly connected inside each connecting pipe 803. The bottom end of the main water pipe 801 extends into the base 100 and is connected to a rotary joint 805. The end of the rotary joint 805 away from the support plate 200 is connected to a water inlet pipe 806. The scraping assembly 1300 is located outside the main water pipe 801 and below the branch water pipes 802. The scraping assembly 1300 includes, for example,... Figure 6The horizontal plate 1301 shown is fixedly connected to the outside of the main water pipe 801 and below the branch water pipe 802. Scrapers 1302 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the top two sides of the horizontal plate 1301. By adding a cleaning mechanism 800, water flows in from the inside of the inlet pipe 806, and then flows from the main water pipe 801 to the inside of the branch water pipe 802 and the connecting pipe 803. Then, the water is sprayed out by the nozzle 804 to clean the impurities inside the prepared mixing tank 1501, thereby reducing the labor intensity of the workers and improving the cleaning effect. At the same time, the horizontal plate 1301 will rotate with the main water pipe 801, and then the two scrapers 1302 will follow the movement to scrape off the residual mixture on the inner wall of the bottom of the preparation tank 400, reducing the waste caused by incomplete retrieval.

[0034] The drive mechanism 700 includes a first connecting seat 701 and a limiting assembly 1700. The bottom end of the first rotating shaft 603 is fixedly connected to the first connecting seat 701. The bottom of the first connecting seat 701 is rotatably connected to the top of the base 100. A connecting ring 702 is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first connecting seat 701. A connecting rod 703 is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting ring 702 away from the support plate 200. A second connecting seat 704 is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting rod 703. One end of the second connecting seat 704 is fixedly connected to... Figure 4 As shown, a fourth gear 706 is fixedly connected to the outside of the main water pipe 801 and between the base 100 and the preparation box 400 of the rack 705. The fourth gear 706 meshes with the rack 705. A limit assembly 1700 is provided at the bottom of the rack 705. The limit assembly 1700 includes a second slider 1701, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rack 705. A second groove 1702 is provided inside the base 100 and on one side of the rotary joint 805 to cooperate with the second slider 1701. The second slider 1701 slides inside the groove 1702. Next, by adding a drive mechanism 700, the first connecting seat 701 rotates with the first rotating shaft 603, while pulling the connecting ring 702 to follow. Then, the connecting rod 703 pulls the first rack 705 to follow, thereby rotating the fourth gear 706. This helps the fourth gear 706 drive the main water pipe 801 to rotate, thus improving the cleaning efficiency inside the mixing tank 1501. At the same time, during the movement, the first rack 705 will drive the second slider 1701 to slide inside the second slide groove 1702, which helps to limit the movement trajectory of the first rack 705, thereby improving the stability of the movement of the first rack 705.

[0035] The feeding mechanism 900 includes a feeding hopper 901 and a weighing assembly 1000. A feeding pipe 902 is fixedly connected inside the preparation box 400, on the side furthest from the rotating plate 503. The top of the feeding pipe 902 is fixedly connected to the feeding hopper 901. The inside of the feeding hopper 901 is rotatably connected via a second rotating shaft 907. Figure 12 The rotating box 906 shown has a second rotating shaft 907, one end of which extends to the outside of the feed hopper 901 and is fixedly connected to a second rack 904. A first cylinder 903 is fixedly installed on the top of the preparation box 400, located on one side of the feed hopper 901. The output end of the first cylinder 903 is fixedly connected to the second rack 904. The second rack 904 and... Figure 12 The gears 905 shown are meshed together. A weighing assembly 1000 is installed inside the rotating box 906. The weighing assembly 1000 includes a weighing plate 1001. A pressure sensor 1002 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the feed hopper 901, and the weighing plate 1001 is fixedly installed at the top of the pressure sensor 1002. The weighing plate 1001 is slidably connected to the inside of the feed hopper 901. Shellac powder is placed into the rotating box 906 through the feeding mechanism 900, and then the first cylinder 903 is activated to... The output end of cylinder 903 drives rack 904 to rotate, which in turn drives gear 905 to rotate, causing rotating box 906 to flip inside feed hopper 901. This facilitates the rapid feeding of shellac powder inside rotating box 906. At the same time, the shellac powder inside rotating box 906 can press down on weighing plate 1001. The weight of the raw material inside rotating box 906 can be quickly detected by pressure sensor 1002, thereby controlling the weight of shellac powder added each time and improving the accuracy of preparation.

[0036] The liquid addition mechanism 1100 includes a liquid addition cylinder 1101 and an adjustment component 1200. The liquid addition cylinder 1101 is fixedly connected to the side of the preparation box 400 away from the support plate 200. A piston 1102 is slidably connected inside the liquid addition cylinder 1101. A second push rod 1103 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the piston 1102. One end of the second push rod 1103 extends to the outside of the liquid addition cylinder 1101 and is fixedly connected to a mounting plate 1104. An adjustment component 1200 is provided on the top of the mounting plate 1104. A connecting strip 1105 is fixedly connected to the end of the fixing plate 300 near the motor 501. A third push rod 1106 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting strip 1105. A sleeve is provided between the piston 1102 and the liquid addition cylinder 1101, located outside the second push rod 1103. Figure 11The second spring 1110 shown has an inlet pipe 1108 fixedly connected to the side of the second spring 1110 away from the preparation box 400. A solenoid valve 1109 is fixedly connected inside the inlet pipe 1108. A storage cylinder 1107 is fixedly connected to the top of the inlet pipe 1108, and a reinforcing rod 1112 is fixedly connected to the outside of the inlet pipe 1108. One end of the reinforcing rod 1112 is fixedly connected to the outside of the filling cylinder 1101. Ventilation holes 1111 are symmetrically opened on both sides of the top of the filling cylinder 1101, and a delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the filling cylinder 1101. The adjusting assembly 1200 includes a second cylinder 1201. An adjusting plate 1202 is rotatably connected to one side of the top edge of the mounting plate 1104, and a solenoid valve 1109 is rotatably connected to the other side of the top edge of the mounting plate 1104. Figure 7 The output end of cylinder 1201 is rotatably connected to the bottom of adjusting plate 1202. The degassed wall material and core material mixture is placed into the storage cylinder 1107 via the liquid adding mechanism 1100. Then, the first solenoid valve 1109 is opened, allowing the degassed wall material and core material mixture inside the storage cylinder 1107 to flow from the inlet pipe 1108 into the liquid adding cylinder 1101. After the liquid adding cylinder 1101 rotates with the preparation box 400 to below the connecting bar 1105, the third push rod 1106 pushes the adjusting plate 1202 downwards. The mounting plate 1104 pushes the second push rod 1103 downward, and then the piston 1102 moves downward to press the degassed wall material and core material mixture from the infusion tube into the mixing tank 1501. This facilitates the automatic addition of the degassed wall material and core material mixture into the mixing tank 1501. At the same time, by activating the second cylinder 1201, the output end of the second cylinder 1201 pushes the adjusting plate 1202 to rotate around the mounting plate 1104, which facilitates the adjustment of the tilt angle of the adjusting plate 1202, thereby changing the amount of wall material and core material mixture added each time.

[0037] The heating mechanism 1500 includes a mixing tank 1501 and a first discharge mechanism 1400. The mixing tank 1501 is fixedly connected inside the preparation tank 400. A water tank 1502 is provided inside the mixing tank 1501. A certain type of heating device is fixedly installed inside the water tank 1502. Figure 8The heating wire 1503, sliding rod 507, and rotating rod 502 all extend into the interior of the mixing chamber 1501. The outer side of the sliding rod 507 is rotatably connected to the interior of the mixing chamber 1501. The outer side of the main water pipe 801 is rotatably connected to the interior of the mixing chamber 1501, and one end of the main water pipe 801 is rotatably connected to one end of the feed pipe 902. A temperature sensor 1800 is fixedly installed on the top of the mixing chamber 1501, near the support plate 200. A vent pipe 1900 is fixedly connected inside the mixing chamber 1501, next to the temperature sensor 1800. One end of the infusion pipe passes through the preparation chamber 400 and extends into the interior of the mixing chamber 1501, where it is fixedly connected. One end of the feed pipe 902 extends into the mixing chamber 1501. Inside the mixing chamber 1501, a first discharge mechanism 1400 is fixedly connected to the bottom. The first discharge mechanism 1400 includes a first discharge pipe 1401. The two bottom sides of the mixing chamber 1501 are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the first discharge pipe 1401. The interior of each of the two first discharge pipes 1401 is fixedly connected to a second solenoid valve 1402. Opening the second solenoid valve 1402 can discharge the waste liquid after cleaning inside the mixing chamber 1501. By turning on the heating wire 1503, the water inside the water tank 1502 can be heated to the required temperature. The temperature sensor 1800 can monitor the temperature of the water inside the water tank 1502 in real time, which helps to improve the accuracy of water heating and prevent different water temperatures from affecting the preparation effect.

[0038] A second discharge mechanism 1600 is provided at the bottom of the preparation box 400; the second discharge mechanism 1600 includes a second discharge pipe 1601, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the preparation box 400. A third solenoid valve 1602 is fixedly connected inside the second discharge pipe 1601. Opening the third solenoid valve 1602 allows the waste liquid after cleaning inside the preparation box 400 to be discharged; a rotatable connection, such as..., is provided on the outer wall of the preparation box 400 and located on one side of the gear ring 605. Figure 1 The material handling door 2200 shown can be opened to take out the degassed wall material and core material mixture after preparation for later use. A control panel 2100 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the preparation box 400 above the material handling door 2200. The No. 3 solenoid valve 1602, the No. 2 solenoid valve 1402, the heating wire 1503, the No. 2 cylinder 1201, the No. 1 solenoid valve 1109, the pressure sensor 1002, the No. 1 cylinder 903, the temperature sensor 1800 and the motor 501 are all electrically connected to the control panel 2100.

[0039] The working principle of this invention is as follows: First, place the device at the required preparation location and then connect the power supply. First, start cylinder 903 via control panel 2100, causing the output end of cylinder 903 to drive rack 904 to rotate. Then, rack 904 drives gear 905 to rotate, causing rotating box 906 to rotate inside feed hopper 901. Then, inject Na2CO3 solution into mixing tank 1501 through feed pipe 902. Next, start cylinder 903 again to reset rotating box 906 inside feed hopper 901. Then, place shellac powder into rotating box 906. Then, start cylinder 903 again via control panel 2100, causing the output end of cylinder 903 to drive rack 904 to rotate. Then, rack 904 drives gear 905 to rotate. The gear 904 drives the fifth gear 905 to rotate, causing the rotating box 906 to tumble inside the feed hopper 901. This facilitates the rapid feeding of shellac powder from the rotating box 906. Simultaneously, the shellac powder inside the rotating box 906 can press down onto the weighing plate 1001. The weight of the shellac powder inside the rotating box 906 can be quickly detected by the pressure sensor 1002, thus controlling the weight of shellac powder added each time and improving the accuracy of the preparation. After weighing, the shellac powder enters the mixing chamber 1501 through the feed pipe 902 to mix with the Na2CO3 solution. Before mixing begins, the water in the water tank 1502 can be heated to 60°C by turning on the heating wire 1503. The temperature sensor 1800 can monitor the temperature of the water in the water tank 1502. Real-time monitoring of the water temperature improves the accuracy of water heating and prevents temperature variations from affecting the preparation effect. Then, the motor 501 is started via the control panel 2100. The output of the motor 501 drives the rotating plate 503 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating rod 502 to rotate. This causes the sliding rod 507 to drive the inclined plate 505 to rotate as well. The two stirring rods 511 then rotate to mix the Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder inside the mixing tank 1501. Simultaneously, when the high end of the inclined plate 505 moves away from the bottom of the first push rod 506, the inclined plate 505 drives the sliding rod 507 upwards, causing the first slider 509 to slide upwards inside the first chute 508. This, in turn, drives the two stirring rods 511 to move upwards, increasing the mixing efficiency. The mixing effect inside the mixing tank 1501 is enhanced by the rotation of the stirring rod 511, which in turn drives the fan blades 513. The fan blades 513 rotate due to the propulsion of the Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder mixture, further improving the mixing effect. Simultaneously, gear 601 drives gear 602, which in turn drives shaft 603, causing gear 604 to rotate. This, in turn, causes gear ring 605 to rotate the preparation tank 400, further facilitating the mixing of the Na2CO3 solution and shellac powder inside the preparation tank 400 and improving the mixing effect. After 30 minutes of mixing, a modified shellac solution is obtained. Then, after the water in the tank 1502 cools to 40°C...Weigh out the required amounts of the core material IgY and the wall materials sodium alginate and lecithin, respectively, and add them to the modified shellac solution. Stir for 30 minutes until the sodium alginate, lecithin, and IgY are completely dissolved. Stop stirring and let the mixture of wall and core materials stand overnight. After degassing through the vent pipe 1900, open the second solenoid valve 1402 to allow the degassed mixture of wall and core materials to flow out from the inside of the first discharge pipe 1401. Then open the material removal gate 2200 to remove the degassed mixture of wall and core materials for later use. Connect the water inlet pipe 806 to an external water source. Water flows in through the inside of the water inlet pipe 806, and then flows through the main water pipe 801 to the inside of the branch water pipe 802 and the connecting pipe 803. Finally, it is sprayed out from the nozzle 804 to the prepared mixture. The cleaning process inside the mixing tank 1501 removes impurities. Simultaneously, the motor 501 is started via the control panel 2100. Gear 601 drives gear 602, which in turn drives shaft 603. This shaft rotation causes connecting seat 701 to rotate, pulling connecting ring 702. Connecting rod 703 then pulls rack 705, causing gear 706 to rotate. After connecting seat 701 rotates half a turn, connecting rod 703 pushes rack 705 to rotate gear 706 in the opposite direction. This facilitates the reciprocating rotation of main water pipe 801 by gear 706, improving the cleaning efficiency inside the mixing tank 1501. Meanwhile, during its movement, rack 705 drives slider 1701 to slide inside groove 1702, which helps limit the movement trajectory of rack 705 and improves its stability. Wastewater after cleaning flows out through outlet pipes 1401 and 1601. Then, by adding Na2CO3 solution, CaCl2 solution is injected into mixing tank 1501 through inlet pipe 902. The degassed wall material and core material mixture is then placed into storage tank 1107. Solenoid valve 1109 is then opened, allowing the degassed wall material and core material mixture inside storage tank 1107 to flow from inlet pipe 1108 into filling tank 1101. After the preparation box 400 rotates to below the connecting bar 1105, the third push rod 1106 will push the adjusting plate 1202 downward, causing the mounting plate 1104 to push the second push rod 1103 downward. Then, the piston 1102 moves downward, pressing the additive from the infusion tube into the mixing tank 1501. This facilitates the automatic addition of the degassed wall material and core material mixture into the mixing tank 1501. Simultaneously, by activating the second cylinder 1201, the output end of the second cylinder 1201 pushes the adjusting plate 1202 to rotate around the mounting plate 1104, which facilitates the adjustment of the tilt angle of the adjusting plate 1202, thereby changing the amount of wall material and core material mixture added each time after degassed. Then, the motor 501 is started via the control panel 2100.The degassed wall material and core material mixture is stirred with CaCl2 solution for 30 minutes, then stirring is stopped. The second solenoid valve 1402 is then opened, allowing the mixture obtained after stirring to flow from the inside of the first discharge pipe 1401 to the bottom of the preparation tank 400 for solidification. After preparation, the material removal door 2200 is opened to retrieve the solidified gel beads. These beads are then rinsed with distilled water and dried to obtain the finished IgY gel beads. The motor 501 is then started to clean the preparation tank 400 again. Simultaneously, the horizontal plate 1301 rotates with the main water pipe 801, causing the two scrapers 1302 to follow the movement, scraping away any remaining mixture on the inner wall at the bottom of the preparation tank 400, reducing waste caused by incomplete retrieval.

[0040] Example 1: IgY gel beads, comprising the following components by weight: 1 part sodium alginate, 0.5 parts modified shellac, 0.5 parts lecithin, 0.25 parts IgY, 0.5 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0041] The preparation method of IgY gel beads includes the following steps: (S01) Take an appropriate amount of shellac powder and dissolve it in a 0.1 mol / L Na2CO3 solution through the feeding mechanism 90, then heat it in a water bath at 1500-60℃ through the heating mechanism, and then mix it with the stirring mechanism 500 and the mixing mechanism 600 to obtain a modified shellac solution; the stirring time is 30 min; the stirring speed is 250 r / min; (S02) Take an appropriate amount of sodium alginate, lecithin and IgY and mix them with the modified shellac solution in step (S01) through the feeding mechanism 90, then heat it in a water bath at 1500-40℃ through the heating mechanism, and then mix it with the stirring mechanism 500 and the mixing mechanism 600 to obtain a modified shellac solution. After mixing and stirring until dissolved, let stand at 25℃ for 12 hours for later use; stirring time is 30 minutes; stirring speed is 250 r / min; (S03) The mixed solution in step (S02) is added dropwise through the liquid addition mechanism 1100 while being stirred through the stirring mechanism 500 to a CaCl2 solution with a mass fraction of 1.27%. After the addition is complete, the mixture is continuously stirred and mixed through the stirring mechanism 500 and the mixing mechanism 600 until solidification; the dropping height is 10 cm; the dropping rate is 1.2 ml / min; the stirring speed is 250 r / min; (S04) The solidified material in step (S03) is cleaned and dried through the cleaning mechanism 800 to obtain the IgY gel beads. The drying method is vacuum drying, the vacuum pressure is 600 MPa; the vacuum drying temperature is 40℃; the vacuum drying time is 24 hours.

[0042] Comparative Example 1: IgY gel beads, comprising the following components by weight: 1 part sodium alginate, 0.25 parts IgY, 0.5 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0043] The preparation method of IgY gel beads includes the following steps: Appropriate amounts of sodium alginate and IgY are added to a container containing distilled water via the feeding mechanism 900. The mixture is then heated in a 50°C water bath via the heating mechanism 1500. After dissolution, the mixture is stirred until dissolved via the stirring mechanism 500 and the mixing mechanism 600, and then allowed to stand at 25°C for 12 hours. The stirring time is 30 minutes, and the stirring speed is 250 r / min. The mixed solution is added dropwise via the liquid addition mechanism 1100 while being stirred via the stirring mechanism 500 to a 1.27% (w / w) CaCl2 solution. After the addition is complete, the mixture is continuously stirred via the stirring mechanism 500 and the mixing mechanism 600 until solidification. The drop height is 10 cm, the drop rate is 1.2 ml / min, and the stirring speed is 250 r / min. The solidified material is then cleaned and dried via the cleaning mechanism 800 to obtain the dried IgY-calcium alginate gel beads. The drying method is vacuum drying, with a vacuum pressure of 600 MPa, a drying temperature of 40℃, and a drying time of 24 hours.

[0044] Example 2: Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 3.5 parts sodium alginate, 10 parts modified shellac, 1.5 parts lecithin, 1.75 parts IgY, 3 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0045] Comparative Example 2: Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Comparative Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 3.5 parts sodium alginate, 1.75 parts IgY, 3 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0046] Example 3: Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 1.5 parts sodium alginate, 2 parts modified shellac, 0.7 parts lecithin, 0.5 parts IgY, 1 part crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0047] Comparative Example 3: Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Comparative Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 1.5 parts sodium alginate, 0.5 parts IgY, 1 part crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0048] Example 4: Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 3 parts sodium alginate, 8 parts modified shellac, 1.2 parts lecithin, 1.5 parts IgY, 2.5 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0049] Comparative Example 4: Comparative Example 4 is basically the same as Comparative Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 3 parts sodium alginate, 1.5 parts IgY, 2.5 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0050] Example 5: Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 2 parts sodium alginate, 4 parts modified shellac, 0.9 parts lecithin, 0.7 parts IgY, 1.5 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0051] Comparative Example 5: Comparative Example 5 is basically the same as Comparative Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 2 parts sodium alginate, 0.7 parts IgY, 1.5 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0052] Example 6: Example 6 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 2.5 parts sodium alginate, 6 parts modified shellac, 1.1 parts lecithin, 1.3 parts IgY, 2 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0053] Comparative Example 6: Comparative Example 6 is basically the same as Comparative Example 1, except that: it is an IgY gel bead, which includes the following components by weight: 2.5 parts sodium alginate, 1.3 parts IgY, 2 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0054] Example 7: Example 7 is basically the same as Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 2.2 parts sodium alginate, 5 parts modified shellac, 1 part lecithin, 1 part IgY, 1.8 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0055] Comparative Example 7: Comparative Example 7 is basically the same as Comparative Example 1, except that: an IgY gel bead, comprising the following components by weight: 2.2 parts sodium alginate, 1 part IgY, 1.8 parts crosslinking agent, and appropriate amount of water.

[0056] Experimental Example: 1.1 Preparation of IgY-Calcium Alginate Gel Beads Take an appropriate amount of sodium alginate and place it in a beaker containing distilled water. Stir and dissolve it at 50°C. After cooling, add an appropriate amount of IgY and stir at room temperature until completely dissolved. Let it stand overnight to degas and obtain the encapsulating liquid. Using a sterile syringe, drop the encapsulating liquid containing IgY into a CaCl2 solution at a rate of 200–300 r / min, maintaining a dropping rate of 1 mL / min. The dropping height should be about 5–10 cm from the liquid surface. After dropping, let it stand for 30 min to allow the encapsulating liquid and CaCl2 solution to solidify and react. After cross-linking is complete, filter the gel beads and vacuum dry them for 12 h to obtain dried IgY-calcium alginate gel beads.

[0057] 1.2 Determination of Encapsulation Efficiency and Drug Loading of Gel Beads CaCl2 cross-linking solutions of different gel beads were collected, and the content of free IgY in the cross-linking solution was determined by the Coomassie Brilliant Blue method (Bradford). The specific steps are as follows: 5 mL of Coomassie Brilliant Blue reagent was added to 1 mL of IgY protein solutions of different concentrations (1 mg / mL IgY). After shaking and allowing the mixture to stand for 5 min, the absorbance was measured at 595 nm. The absorbance was plotted on the ordinate and the IgY protein concentration on the abscissa, and the following linear regression equation was obtained: y = 4.522x + 0.0338, with a correlation coefficient R² = 0.9902. A suitable volume of the sample to be tested (the volume of the sample to be tested can be adjusted appropriately according to its protein content so that its absorbance is within the linear range of the standard curve) was added to 5 mL of Coomassie Brilliant Blue reagent, and the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the gel beads were further calculated using formulas (1) and (2).

[0058]

[0059] 1.3 Selection of Different Sodium Alginate Concentrations To study the effect of sodium alginate concentration on the performance of gel beads, keeping the solution volume constant, the CaCl2 concentration was 1.5% (w / v), and the core-to-wall ratio was 3 / 6. Transparent, viscous sodium alginate solutions containing IgY at different concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5% (w / v) were prepared. Using a sterile syringe, the encapsulation solution was dropwise into the 1.5% (w / v) CaCl2 solution at a rotation speed of 200–300 r / min, maintaining a drop surface distance of 5–10 cm and a drop rate of 1 mL / min. The mixture was then allowed to stand for 30 min to solidify and form the gel beads. After vacuum drying, IgY-calcium alginate gel beads with different sodium alginate concentrations were obtained.

[0060] 1.4 Selection of Different Calcium Chloride Concentrations To study the effect of CaCl2 concentration on microcapsule performance, the optimal conditions were kept constant under single-factor conditions, namely, a sodium alginate concentration of 2.5% (w / v) and a core-to-wall ratio of 3 / 6. The encapsulation solution was prepared by dripping the encapsulation solution dropwise into a CaCl2 solution at a rotation speed of 200–300 r / min using a sterile syringe. The CaCl2 solution concentrations were 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3% (w / v). The drop surface distance was maintained at 5–10 cm, and the dripping rate was 1 mL / min. The mixture was then allowed to stand for 30 min to solidify and form gel beads. After vacuum drying, IgY-calcium alginate gel beads with different CaCl2 concentrations were obtained.

[0061] 1.5 Selection of different core-to-wall ratios: To study the effect of core-to-wall ratio on microcapsule performance, the optimal conditions were kept constant under single-factor conditions, i.e., sodium alginate concentration was 2.5% (w / v) and CaCl2 concentration was 1.5% (w / v). Different core-to-wall ratios (changing the proportion of core material while keeping the wall material constant) were used to prepare encapsulation solutions: 1 / 6, 2 / 6, 3 / 6, 4 / 6, 5 / 6, and 6 / 6. The encapsulation solution was dripped dropwise into a 1.5% (w / v) CaCl2 solution at a rotation speed of 200-300 r / min using a sterile syringe, maintaining a drop distance of 5-10 cm and a drop rate of 1 mL / min. The solution was then allowed to stand for 30 min to solidify and form gel beads. After vacuum drying, IgY-calcium alginate gel beads with different core-to-wall material ratios were obtained.

[0062] 2.1 Preparation of IgY-Shellin-Lecithin-Calcium Alginate Gel Beads Based on the preparation of gel beads using sodium alginate as a single wall material, IgY-shellin-lecithin-calcium alginate gel beads were prepared by mixing a certain mass of modified shellin, lecithin, and sodium alginate. The specific steps are as follows: An appropriate amount of shellin was added to a 0.1 mol / L Na2CO3 solution and stirred at 60℃ until completely dissolved to obtain a modified shellin solution. An appropriate amount of sodium alginate was added to the solution and stirred at 50℃ until dissolved. After cooling, an appropriate amount of lecithin and IgY were added to the solution and stirred at room temperature until completely dissolved. The solution was then allowed to stand overnight at room temperature to degas and obtain the encapsulating liquid. Using a sterile syringe, the encapsulating fluid containing IgY was dripped into a CaCl2 solution at a rate of 200–300 rpm, maintaining a drip rate of 1 mL / min. The dripping height was approximately 5–10 cm above the liquid surface. After dripping, the solution was allowed to stand for 30 minutes to allow the encapsulating fluid and CaCl2 solution to solidify and react. After cross-linking was completed, the gel beads were filtered and vacuum-dried for 12 hours. The dried product was IgY-shellac-lecithin-calcium alginate gel beads.

[0063] 3. Microstructure observation of gel beads: The microstructure of the gel bead surface was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After vacuum drying, the sample was fixed on the sample stage and sputtered with gold. The voltage was set to 15 kV and observed at magnifications of 80x and 1500x.

[0064] 4. Determination of Swelling Degree and In Vitro Release Performance of Gel Beads: Based on the average digestion time of different foods in the human stomach being 1–2 hours and the retention time in the small intestine being 2–6 hours, the release time of gel beads in simulated gastric juice was set at 2 hours, and the release time in intestinal juice was set at 2–4 hours. Accurately weigh 10 mg of drug-loaded gel beads into a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask, add 10 mL of simulated gastric juice (SGF), and shake in a constant temperature water bath shaker at 37℃ and 100 r / min for 2 hours. Filter the gel beads every 1 hour, blot the surface moisture with filter paper, and then transfer them to 10 mL of simulated intestinal juice (SIF) and shake for 2–4 hours. Filter the gel beads periodically, record the weight of the gel beads in the simulated gastrointestinal digestive fluid every 1 hour, calculate their swelling degree, and plot a curve. Meanwhile, the supernatant of the gastrointestinal release fluid was collected every 1 hour (with the same amount of fluid added at the same temperature), filtered through a 0.22 μm filter membrane, and the content of IgY in the release fluid was determined using the Coomassie Brilliant Blue method. The in vitro release rate of IgY was calculated and a curve was plotted. The formulas for calculating the swelling degree and cumulative release rate of the gel beads are shown in (3) and (4):

[0065] In the formula: SR represents the degree of swelling of the gel beads; Wa represents the mass of water contained in the gel beads, g (mass of swollen gel beads - mass of dry gel beads); Wb represents the mass of the unswollen dry gel beads, g.

[0066] In the formula: CR represents the cumulative in vitro release rate of the gel beads, %; Cn represents the IgY concentration measured in the nth sample, mg / mL; V represents the total volume of the released solution, mL; Cn-1 represents the IgY concentration measured in the (n-1)th sample, mg / mL; Vn-1 represents the volume of the (n-1)th sample, mL; Wb represents the mass of the unswollen dry gel beads, g; LE is the drug loading of the gel beads, %.

[0067] Preparation of simulated gastric juice: Accurately weigh 0.1755g NaCl, 1g pepsin, and 7mL concentrated hydrochloric acid. Adjust the pH to 1.2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, and bring the volume to 100mL with distilled water. Preparation of simulated intestinal juice: Accurately weigh 0.68g KH₂PO₄ and 1g trypsin. Adjust the pH to 6.8 with 1mol / L NaOH solution, and bring the volume to 100mL with distilled water.

[0068] 4.1 Preparation of Escherichia coli antigen: Remove the E. coli bacterial culture from the 4℃ refrigerator and inoculate 100 μL of the culture into sterilized LB broth liquid medium (2.5 g LB broth powder dissolved in 100 mL distilled water). Incubate at 37℃ under anaerobic conditions for 24 h. Remove the culture and transfer it to a sterilized 10 mL centrifuge tube. Centrifuge for 15 min at 4000 r / min. Place the tube on a clean workbench, discard the supernatant, and inoculate the remaining bacterial precipitate into freshly prepared 100 mL LB broth liquid medium. Expand the culture under anaerobic conditions for another 24 h. Take 100 μL of the expanded culture and inoculate according to the following steps: 10⁻¹, 10⁻², 10⁻³, 10⁻⁴, 10⁻¹... 5. Dilute the bacterial culture to concentrations of 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁷ using 0.03 mol / L PBS solution. Then, take 100 μL of the bacterial culture from each dilution and place it in a sterile blank culture dish. Pour in undried solid culture medium containing 1.5% agar powder using the pour method, cover and shake clockwise to mix, and incubate in an incubator (37℃, anaerobic) for 48 h. Calculate the number of E. coli at different dilution concentrations using the plate count method to find the most suitable dilution factor to maintain the bacterial concentration at 1.7 × 10⁹ CFU / mL (keeping the order of magnitude consistent). The obtained bacterial solution was disrupted using the following steps: The bacterial solution diluted at the optimal dilution factor was dispensed into 5 different sterile sampling bags. 0.3 mL of phenol was added to each 100 mL of bacterial solution. The bacterial solution was disrupted using an ultrasonic cell disruptor under ice bath conditions. The disruption was repeated for 3 seconds, followed by a 3-second pause, for 10 minutes, and then a 5-minute pause. The disruption was repeated once more to obtain an antigen solution with a disruption rate of 50%–60%. The solution was then dispensed into 10 mL centrifuge tubes and stored frozen at -20°C.

[0069] 4.2 Immunoglobulin (IgY) Activity Assay The activity of IgY was assayed using an indirect ELISA method. The specific steps are as follows: Based on the number of samples to be measured, sample groups and blank groups were designed in a 96-well microplate. 120 μL of the broken antigen solution was added to each well. After incubation overnight at 4°C, the plate was removed and placed on a sterile operating table. The liquid in each well was aspirated and discarded, and 300 μL of the solution was added. Block with 1% standard bovine serum albumin solution and incubate at 37°C for 2 hours. Discard the bovine serum albumin solution from each well and add 100 mL of serially diluted IgY sample solution (prepared with IgY concentrations of 1 mg / mL, 0.5 mg / mL, 0.25 mg / mL, 0.125 mg / mL, and 0.0625 mg / mL), incubate at 37°C for 2 hours. Discard the sample solution from each well and add 120 μL of rabbit anti-chicken IgG-HRP (conjugate dilution 1:5000) to each well, incubate at 37°C for 1 hour, then discard the liquid in the wells. Wash with 250 μL of PBST solution (PBS-0.05% Tween, pH adjusted to 7.4 with 0.5 mol / L NaOH), repeating the wash 5 times with 60 s intervals between each wash. Then add 100 μL of [unclear - possibly a specific solution] to each well. The TMB single-component chromogenic solution was used for color development, and the mixture was incubated at 37°C for 15 min. After the reaction was completed, 50 μL of 10% sulfuric acid was added to each well to stop the reaction. The absorbance was measured at 450 nm using an ELISA reader.

[0070] 4.3 Determination of the activity retention rate of immunoglobulin (IgY) The dried gel beads were placed in a mixed disintegration solution (0.2 mol / L NaHCO3 solution and 0.06 mol / L Na3C6H5O7·2H2O solution at pH 8.0) and stirred for 3 h until the gel beads were completely dissolved. After centrifugation at 4000 r / min for 15 min, the supernatant was collected and the activity of IgY in gel beads of different wall materials was determined. The total content of IgY in the supernatant of the centrifuged sample was determined by the Coomassie Brilliant Blue method (Bradford). The activity of untreated IgY at the same concentration was calculated by fitting the four-parameter Logistic standard curve obtained by fitting the IgY activity values ​​at different dilution concentrations. The fitting equation of the four-parameter Logistic curve is shown in formula (5):

[0071]

[0072] X0 = 4.78922, P = 0.921, R 2 =0.99687.

[0073] The activity retention rate of IgY was calculated according to formula (6):

[0074]

[0075] 4.4 Structural Analysis of Immunoglobulin (IgY) The structure of IgY in the microcapsule in vitro release solution was analyzed by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The separating gel concentration was 10%, and the stacking gel concentration was 4%. The preparation method of SDS-polyacrylamide gel is shown in Table 1.

[0076] Table 1: Composition of SDS-polyacrylamide gel

[0077] Required reagents 10% separating gel 4% Concentrated Gum Liquid A 3.33mL 0.67mL Liquid B 2.5mL --- distilled water 4.16mL 2.4mL 10% SDS --- 50μL 1MTris-Hcl --- 1.875mL 10% ammonium persulfate 50μL 25μL TEMED 5μL 5μL Total volume 10mL 5mL

[0078] The preparation of solution A is as follows: accurately weigh 29.2 g of acrylamide and 0.8 g of bisacrylamide, add distilled water to 100 mL, stir with a glass rod until completely dissolved, and prepare 100 mL of acrylamide stock solution; the preparation of solution B is as follows: mix 100 mL of 4× separating gel buffer, 75 mL of 2M Tris-HCl (pH 8.8), 4 mL of 10% SDS, and 21 mL of distilled water to prepare 200 mL of solution B; the preparation of 1 L electrode buffer is as follows: accurately weigh 3 g of Tris, 14.4 g of glycine, and 1 g of SDS, add water, stir to dissolve, and bring the volume to 1 L, adjusting the pH to 8.3; the preparation of loading buffer is as follows: mix 0.6 mL of 1M Tris-HCl (pH 6.8), 5 mL of 50% glycerol, 2 mL of 10% SDS (electrophoresis grade), 0.1% (w:v) bromophenol blue, and 0.9 mL of distilled water.

[0079] 5. Results and Analysis 5.1 Effect of Sodium Alginate Concentration on Gel Bead Preparation Process In the preparation of microcapsules, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading are usually used as two important indicators to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency of the encapsulation system. Encapsulation efficiency represents the proportion of drug encapsulated in the gel bead particles. Increasing the encapsulation efficiency can improve drug utilization and reduce drug waste during the encapsulation process. Drug loading represents the amount of drug loaded per unit mass of gel bead particles, which is related to the content of the encapsulated drug and the mass of the drug particles. Drug loading is the drug content per unit mass of gel bead particles, which is related to the content of the encapsulated drug and the mass of the drug particles. Using encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as the main indicators, IgY gel beads were prepared by using different sodium alginate concentrations. The effect of sodium alginate concentration on the gel bead preparation process is as follows: Figure 13 As shown, with the continuous increase of sodium alginate concentration, the encapsulation efficiency showed a trend of gradually increasing and then decreasing, and the trend of drug loading was the same as that of encapsulation efficiency. When the sodium alginate concentration was 1% (w / v), the encapsulation efficiency was 3.67%. Due to the low sodium alginate concentration, less sodium alginate and Ca2+ were encapsulated. 2+ The reaction occurs, and the outer membrane of the formed gel beads is too thin and difficult to shape, leading to enhanced permeability of the gel beads and easy loss of IgY, resulting in a low encapsulation efficiency. As the sodium alginate concentration gradually increases, the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading also gradually increase. This is because more sodium alginate reacts with Ca... 2+A reaction occurs, forming a more tightly connected network-like outer membrane of the gel beads, reducing the surface pore size and preventing IgY diffusion and loss from the inside to the outside of the gel beads. When the sodium alginate concentration is 3% (w / v), the encapsulation efficiency of the gel beads reaches its maximum of 53.54%, and the drug loading reaches 17.85%. When the sodium alginate concentration exceeds 3% (w / v), the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading decrease rapidly to 28.25% and 9.42%, respectively. Although the encapsulation efficiency is best at a sodium alginate concentration of 3% (w / v), excessively high concentrations can cause the extruded gel beads to easily clump together, resulting in incomplete and uneven particles. Therefore, the optimal sodium alginate concentration for preparing the gel beads is chosen to be 2.5% (w / v), at which point the encapsulation efficiency is 50.9% and the drug loading is 16.97%.

[0080] 5.2 Effect of CaCl2 Concentration on Gel Bead Preparation Process The effect of CaCl2 concentration on the gel bead preparation process is as follows: Figure 14 As shown, with the continuous increase of CaCl2 concentration, the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the gel beads showed the same trend, both showing a slow increase followed by a rapid peak and then a rapid decrease. When the CaCl2 concentration was 0.5% (w / v), the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the gel beads were 25.93% and 8.64%, respectively. With the gradual increase of CaCl2 concentration, the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading showed a small increase. When the CaCl2 concentration was 1.5% (w / v), the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the gel beads reached their maximum values ​​of 40.64% and 13.55%, respectively. When the CaCl2 concentration exceeded 1.5% (w / v), both the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading decreased rapidly. At a CaCl2 concentration of 2% (w / v), the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 22.39% and 7.46%, respectively; at a CaCl2 concentration of 2.5% (w / v), the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 22.63% and 7.54%, respectively. This phenomenon may be due to the presence of Ca in the low-concentration CaCl2 solution. 2+ It reacts with sodium alginate to form a relatively sparse network structure, through which Ca... 2+ It will further extend inward and undergo a cross-linking reaction with sodium alginate to form a thicker and more porous film, which easily leads to the diffusion and loss of the core material into the aqueous phase, resulting in low encapsulation efficiency and drug loading. As the CaCl2 concentration continues to increase, more Ca... 2+ It will undergo a cross-linking reaction with sodium alginate, at which point the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading can reach their maximum values; however, when the CaCl2 concentration is too high, more Ca... 2+ It will rapidly form a dense and relatively thick film with sodium alginate. Due to the reduced pore size on the surface of the gel beads, permeability decreases, leading to the diffusion of Ca from the CaCl2 solution into the interior of the gel beads. 2+ This reduction decreases the embedding rate and drug loading of the gel beads.

[0081] 5.3 Effect of Core-to-Wall Ratio on Gel Bead Preparation Process The effect of the core-to-wall ratio on the gel bead preparation process is as follows: Figure 15 As shown, with the core material increasing while the wall material remains constant, the encapsulation efficiency first increases and then decreases, while the drug loading continuously increases. When the core-to-wall ratio increases from 1 / 6 to 2 / 6, the encapsulation efficiency of the gel beads increases from 19.58% to 21.26%, and the drug loading increases from 2.8% to 5.32%. When the core-to-wall ratio is 3 / 6, the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of the gel beads are the highest, at 31.44% and 10.48%, respectively. With further increases in the core-to-wall ratio, the encapsulation efficiency of the gel beads decreases to 28.17%, 27.92%, and 26.65%, while the drug loading increases with the increase in the core-to-wall ratio, reaching a maximum of 13.32% when the core-to-wall ratio is 6 / 6. This may be because as the mass ratio of IgY to sodium alginate increases, the proportion of IgY in the encapsulation solution increases, thus increasing the drug loading. However, due to the increased content of IgY in the core material, too much IgY may not be able to mix with sodium alginate, leading to the loss of the core material and unnecessary waste. Therefore, considering all factors, a core-to-wall ratio of 3 / 6 is preferable.

[0082] 5.4 Swelling Degree of IgY-Calcium Alginate Gel Beads After incubation in gastric juice (SGF) for 2 hours, the swelling degree of calcium alginate gel beads was approximately 0.89. When the gel beads were transferred to intestinal juice (SIF) for 1 hour, the swelling degree reached 2.26, an increase of 2.4 times. The gel bead particles rapidly absorbed water and swelled. After 2 hours in simulated intestinal juice, the swelling degree reached over 5.8 times. Furthermore, with prolonged time, the gel bead particles continued to absorb water, causing the swelling degree to continuously increase. However, after reaching a certain level, the gel bead particles dissolved in the intestinal juice. Figure 16 The figure shows the swelling of gel beads with different sodium alginate concentrations. When the sodium alginate concentrations are 1.0% (w / v) and 1.5% (w / v), the swelling degree of the gel beads in SIF for 1-2 hours is higher than the other four groups. This may be because if the sodium alginate concentration is too low, the mechanical strength of the prepared gel beads is too low, leading to an increased swelling rate in SIF. As the sodium alginate concentration increases, more sodium alginate molecules interact with Ca2+, making the particles denser and increasing their mechanical strength, thus reducing the solvent penetration rate. Therefore, the swelling degree is lower compared to the groups with sodium alginate concentrations of 1.0% (w / v) and 1.5% (w / v). Figure 17The figure shows the swelling of gel beads with different CaCl2 concentrations. CaCl2 concentration affects the gel morphology of the gel beads' surface. After 2 hours of swelling in SIF, the order of swelling degree changes is: 3.0% (w / v) > 1.5% (w / v) > 2.5% (w / v) > 1.0% (w / v) > 0.5% (w / v). Gel beads with lower CaCl2 concentrations have a higher swelling degree compared to those with higher CaCl2 concentrations. This may be because CaCl2 concentration... 2+ The thick film formed immediately upon reaction with sodium alginate results in a low initial swelling rate; however, as the gel beads swell, the surface pores enlarge, allowing the solvent to quickly penetrate the thinner gel layer, leading to a rapid increase in the degree of swelling. For example... Figure 18 The figure shows the swelling degree of gel beads with different core-to-wall ratios. When the gel beads were transferred to SIF for 1 hour, the swelling degree increased with the increase of IgY addition. However, after continuing to swell in SIF for 2 hours, the swelling degree changed in the following order: 6 / 6 > 4 / 6 > 3 / 6 > 2 / 6 > 1 / 6 > 5 / 6. This may be because excessive IgY on the surface of the gel beads has dissolved, and the IgY content and distribution inside the gel beads with different IgY additions are different, resulting in different dissolution rates, which in turn affect the swelling rate and final swelling degree of the gel beads.

[0083] The in vitro release rate of 5.5IgY-calcium alginate gel beads: The swelling degree of the gel beads in the gastrointestinal model affects the release degree of their core material. After the gel beads absorb water and swell, the pore size on the surface also increases, thus releasing the core material of the gel beads. For example... Figure 19 As shown, after gel beads with different sodium alginate concentrations swelled in SGF for 2 hours, the IgY release rate ranged from 10% to 20%. This may be because some IgY was present on the surface of the gel beads during preparation, so it dissolved upon entering the SGF. Furthermore, the gel beads made from sodium alginate as a single wall material have relatively large pore sizes, making the core material easier to dissolve. However, after transferring the gel beads to SIF for 1 hour, the gel beads rapidly absorbed water and swelled, increasing their swelling rate and surface pore size, resulting in rapid IgY release. The cumulative release rate reached over 80%, and IgY continued to be released, with almost all of it released after 2 hours in SIF. This indicates that the release rate of gel beads with different sodium alginate concentrations in the stomach did not change significantly. However, after transferring the gel beads to SIF, the release rate slowed down with increasing sodium alginate concentration. This may be because high concentrations of sodium alginate made the gel beads more compact, resulting in lower swelling and a slower release rate. Figure 20As shown, the concentration of CaCl2 solution affects the release rate of gel beads. When the gel beads are in SGF, the release rate in gastric fluid is higher than that of other groups with a CaCl2 concentration of 2% (w / v). However, after transfer to SIF, the release rate slows down. As the CaCl2 concentration increases, the final release rate of the gel beads also decreases. This may be because the outer membrane of the gel beads prepared with high-concentration CaCl2 solution is thinner, resulting in a slower release rate. Conversely, the release rate of gel beads prepared with low-concentration CaCl2 solution is faster in intestinal fluid. Figure 21 The core-to-wall ratio shown affects the content and distribution of IgY in the gel beads, further influencing release characteristics. The release rate of gel beads with different core-to-wall ratios in SGF showed no regular variation. However, after transfer to SIF, gel beads with a core-to-wall ratio of 6 / 6 exhibited the fastest release rate, possibly due to their increased IgY content leading to higher drug loading. Furthermore, compared to other groups, they had higher IgY content both on their surface and inside, resulting in a faster release rate. The release rates of gel beads with core-to-wall ratios of 4 / 6 and 3 / 6 also increased with increasing IgY addition, presumably because the IgY content on their surface increased with increasing IgY addition, leading to higher dissolution rates.

[0084] 5.6 Effect of Shellac Concentration on IgY Gel Bead Encapsulation Efficiency Different concentrations of modified shellac and lecithin were added to the optimal preparation process conditions using sodium alginate as the main wall material to prepare IgY-shellac-lecithin-calcium alginate gel beads. Figure 22 It can be seen that as the shellac concentration increases, the encapsulation efficiency gradually decreases after increasing, while the drug loading shows the same trend as the encapsulation efficiency. When the shellac concentration is 0.5% (w / v), the encapsulation efficiency is 74.9%, and the drug loading is 25.95%. As the shellac concentration increases, both the encapsulation efficiency and the drug loading also increase. This may be because the addition of shellac fills the gaps between sodium alginate and calcium. 2+The voids formed during the reaction make the outer membrane of the network-structured gel beads more tightly connected, reducing the surface pore size and preventing the diffusion and loss of IgY from the inside to the outside of the gel beads. When the shellac concentration is 1.5% (w / v), the encapsulation rate of the gel beads reaches its maximum of 85.49%, and the drug loading reaches 29.62%. This is likely because the increased shellac concentration makes the gel beads more dense, reducing IgY exudation, which is beneficial for core material encapsulation. When the shellac concentration is 2.5% (w / v), the encapsulation rate and drug loading show a decreasing trend, with the encapsulation rate decreasing to 83.83% and 29.04%, respectively. When the shellac concentration is 10%, the encapsulation rate and drug loading of the gel beads decrease to 78.54% and 27.21%, respectively. At this point, the mechanical strength of the gel beads is weak, and they break easily. Furthermore, the increased shellac concentration makes the gel beads more dense, reducing IgY exudation, which is beneficial for core material encapsulation. Therefore, the optimal shellac concentration for preparing gel beads is 1.5% (w / v).

[0085] 5.7 Comparison of the ultrastructure of single-wall material gel beads and composite-wall material gel beads Figure 23 It can be seen that gel beads prepared using sodium alginate show up under low magnification (...). Figure 23 -a) Under magnification, the gel beads are round and smooth, but under high magnification ( Figure 23 -b) shows that the surface of the gel beads has many cracks and the gaps are relatively large; the gel beads prepared using sodium alginate and shellac-lecithin as composite wall materials are examined under low magnification (b). Figure 23 Under -c) the gel beads are round, but the surface is not smooth. Under high magnification ( Figure 23 -d) The surface of the gel beads has small wavy grooves and a compact structure. Based on the above results, it can be seen that the IgY gel beads prepared by combining sodium alginate and shellac-lecithin have a more compact structure under high magnification than gel beads prepared by a single wall material, thus better preserving the activity of IgY and reducing loss.

[0086] 5.8 Effect of Composite Wall Material on the Activity of IgY Gel Beads When IgY gel beads were prepared using 2.5% (w / v) sodium alginate as the wall material, the activity retention rate was only 52%. However, when IgY gel beads were prepared using a composite of 2.5% (w / v) sodium alginate, 1.5% (w / v) modified shellac, and 1% (w / v) lecithin, the activity retention rate reached 92%. Compared with IgY gel beads prepared using sodium alginate as the single wall material, the activity retention rate increased by 40%. This indicates that using modified shellac-lecithin as the wall material composite can effectively improve the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of IgY gel beads, thus avoiding excessive activity loss.

[0087] The swelling degree of 5.9IgY-shellac-lecithin calcium alginate gel beads is as follows: Figure 24The figure shows the swelling degree of gel beads with different shellac concentrations. The swelling degree of gel beads with different shellac concentrations increased when they were transferred from SGF to SIF for 1 hour. However, the swelling degree of gel beads with a shellac concentration of 10% (w / v) increased during the 1-2 hour period of SIF. This may be because the high shellac concentration resulted in stronger gel bead toughness and a thicker outer membrane, which caused the swelling degree to continue to increase. The other four groups showed a decreasing trend, indicating that after 2 hours of digestion with intestinal fluid, the gel beads in the four groups with lower shellac concentrations gradually melted and released the core material, resulting in a decrease in swelling degree and an increase in release rate.

[0088] 5.10 IgY-shellac-lecithin calcium alginate gel beads in vitro release rate as follows: Figure 25 As shown, after 2 hours of swelling in SGF, gel beads with different shellac concentrations exhibited IgY release rates ranging from 9% to 16%. However, after 1 hour of transfer to SIF, gel beads with shellac concentrations of 0.5% to 5% (w / v) rapidly absorbed water and swelled, increasing their swelling rate and surface pore size, resulting in rapid IgY release with a cumulative release rate exceeding 80%. Furthermore, IgY continued to be released, reaching a release rate of over 90% after 2 hours in SIF. In contrast, gel beads with a shellac concentration of 10% (w / v) showed a release rate of approximately 83% after 2 hours in SIF, which was relatively slower compared to the other groups. This shows that the shellac concentration has a significant impact on the release rate of gel beads. The gel beads prepared by shellac-lecithin and sodium alginate have a more compact surface structure, resulting in lower swelling and slower release rate. Therefore, their release rate in the stomach is significantly lower than that of gel beads prepared by sodium alginate alone. However, after 2 hours of incubation in the intestine, almost all of them are released.

[0089] 6. Conclusion IgY is a highly active immunoglobulin closely related to human health. To reduce the loss of IgY activity during use, microencapsulation technology was used to prepare millimeter-sized hydrogel beads with IgY as the core material. Because the core material is isolated from the external environment, it is released only under appropriate pH conditions. This allows microencapsulation technology to protect the active substance, reduce the reaction of the core material with adverse external factors (such as light, heat, and oxygen), and control the release of the core material; it also extends the product shelf life and reduces the loss of IgY activity. This invention uses sodium alginate as the main wall material and shellac and lecithin as composite wall materials. Gel beads encapsulating IgY were prepared using a sharp-pore coagulation bath method, reducing its activity loss in the stomach and allowing it to reach the intestines to exert its effects.

[0090] 6.1 Preparation process and physical properties of single-wall material IgY gel beads (1) The optimal preparation conditions for sodium alginate-encapsulated IgY gel beads are: sodium alginate concentration 2.5% (w / v), CaCl2 concentration 1.5% (w / v), and core-to-wall ratio 0.53:1. Under the optimal conditions, the encapsulation rate of the gel beads prepared is 43.3%, and the drug loading is 14.98%. The order of influence of each factor on the gel bead preparation process is: sodium alginate concentration > core-to-wall ratio > CaCl2 concentration, and the preparation conditions have no effect on the activity of IgY. (2) Freshly prepared IgY-calcium alginate gel beads have good roundness and uniformity. The wet gel beads have a particle size concentrated between 2 and 2.4 mm. The average hardness before drying is 150.8 g. After drying by different methods, the average hardness of the gel beads is greater than 2000 g. The swelling degree of the gel beads in simulated gastric fluid is about 0.89 after 2 hours, and the cumulative release rate of IgY is about 20% to 30%. However, when the gel beads are transferred to simulated intestinal fluid for 1 hour, the swelling degree reaches 2.26, which is 2.4 times higher, and the cumulative release rate of IgY is about 60%. After 2 hours in simulated intestinal fluid, the swelling degree reaches more than 5.8 times, and IgY is basically completely released.

[0091] 6.2 Preparation process and physical properties of composite wall material IgY gel beads (1) When IgY-calcium alginate-shellac-lecithin gel beads were prepared by compounding 1.5% (w / v) modified shellac, 1% (w / v) lecithin and sodium alginate, the encapsulation effect was the best, with an encapsulation rate of 85.49% and a drug loading of 29.62%. The wet gel beads were concentrated between 2 and 2.4 mm in size. After vacuum drying, the average hardness of the gel beads was greater than 2000 g. After 2 hours in simulated gastric fluid, the swelling degree of the gel beads was 0.5, and the cumulative release rate of IgY was about 20% to 30%. However, when the gel beads were transferred to simulated intestinal fluid for 1 hour, the swelling degree reached 4.01, which was 8 times higher, and the cumulative release rate of IgY was about 60%. After 2 hours in simulated intestinal fluid, the swelling degree decreased to about 3.11, indicating that the cumulative release rate of IgY was more than 80%. In the electrophoresis results, no protein bands were detected after unencapsulated IgY was incubated with gastric digestive fluid for 2 hours, but protein bands were detected after incubation in intestinal fluid for 1 hour and 6 hours respectively. After IgY encapsulated with different wall materials was incubated with gastric fluid for 2 hours and then transferred to intestinal fluid for 6 hours, protein bands were detected. This indicates that encapsulation of IgY can make IgY resistant to the digestive action of pepsin and acidic gastric fluid, thereby achieving targeted release in intestinal fluid. (2) The order of activity of IgY after encapsulation with different wall materials is: IgY-calcium alginate-shellac-lecithin gel beads > IgY-calcium alginate gel beads, with activities of 92% and 52% respectively.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads, characterized by: The system includes a base (100), a support plate (200) fixedly mounted on one side of the top of the base (100), a fixing plate (300) above the support plate (200), and a preparation box (400) below the fixing plate (300) and located on one side of the support plate (200). A heating mechanism (1500) is installed inside the preparation box (400), and a stirring mechanism (500) is installed inside the heating mechanism (1500). A cleaning mechanism (800) is provided on one side of the stirring mechanism (500), a feeding mechanism (900) is provided above the heating mechanism (1500) and on one side of the stirring mechanism (500), a liquid adding mechanism (1100) is fixedly provided on the side of the preparation tank (400) away from the support plate (200), a mixing mechanism (600) is provided on the side of the preparation tank (400) close to the support plate (200), and a driving mechanism (700) is provided below the mixing mechanism (600).

2. The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring mechanism (500) includes a motor (501), which is fixedly mounted on the top of a fixed plate (300). The output end of the motor (501) passes through the fixed plate (300) and extends into the interior of the preparation box (400). A rotating plate (503) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (501). A rotating rod (502) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating plate (503). A sliding rod (507) is slidably connected to the outer side of the rotating rod (502). A first slider (509) is symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the outer wall of the rotating rod (502). A first groove (508) is symmetrically opened on both sides of the inner wall of the sliding rod (507) to cooperate with the first slider (509). (509) is slidably connected to the inside of the first chute (508). The top of the sliding rod (507) is fixedly connected to an inclined plate (505). A first spring (504) is sleeved between the inclined plate (505) and the rotating plate (503) and located outside the rotating rod (502). The inclined plate (505) is slidably connected to the outside of the rotating rod (502). A first stirring rod (510) is symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the outer wall of the sliding rod (507). A second stirring rod (511) is fixedly connected between the two first stirring rods (510) on the same side. The two second stirring rods (511) are fixedly connected. A first push rod (506) is fixedly connected to the top of the motor (501) and located on one side of the rotating plate (503).

3. The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mixing mechanism (600) includes a first gear (601). A first rotating shaft (603) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the fixed plate (300) on the side away from the motor (501). A second gear (602) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the first rotating shaft (603). The first gear (601) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the output end of the motor (501). The first gear (601) and the second gear (602) are meshed together. A third gear (604) is fixedly connected to the outside of the moving shaft (603) and below the second gear (602). A gear ring (605) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the preparation box (400). The third gear (604) meshes with the gear ring (605). A reinforcing seat (2000) is fixedly connected to the side of the support plate (200) near the preparation box (400). The first rotating shaft (603) is rotatably connected to the inside of the reinforcing seat (2000).

4. The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism (800) includes a main water pipe (801), which is rotatably connected to the bottom of the preparation box (400). The main water pipe (801) has branch water pipes (802) symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides inside the main water pipe (801). One end of each of the two branch water pipes (802) is fixedly connected to a connecting pipe (803). The two connecting pipes (803) are fixedly connected to nozzles (804) at equal intervals inside. The bottom end of the main water pipe (801) extends into the interior of the base (100). The bottom end of the main water pipe (801) is connected to a rotary joint (805). The end of the rotary joint (805) away from the support plate (200) is connected to a water inlet pipe (806). A scraping component (1300) is provided on the outside of the main water pipe (801) and below the branch water pipes (802).

5. The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads according to claim 4, characterized in that: The scraping assembly (1300) includes a horizontal plate (1301), which is fixedly connected to the outside of the main water pipe (801) and below the branch water pipe (802). Scrapers (1302) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the top two sides of the horizontal plate (1301).

6. The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (700) includes a first connecting seat (701), which is fixedly connected to the bottom end of a first rotating shaft (603). The bottom of the first connecting seat (701) is rotatably connected to the top of the base (100). A connecting ring (702) is rotatably connected to the outer side of the first connecting seat (701). A connecting rod (703) is fixedly connected to the side of the connecting ring (702) away from the support plate (200). One end of the main water pipe (801) is rotatably connected to a second connecting seat (704), and one end of the second connecting seat (704) is fixedly connected to a rack (705). A fourth gear (706) is fixedly connected to the outside of the main water pipe (801) and between the base (100) and the preparation box (400). The fourth gear (706) meshes with the rack (705). A limit component (1700) is provided at the bottom of the rack (705).

7. The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads according to claim 6, characterized in that: The limiting component (1700) includes a second slider (1701), and the bottom of the first rack (705) is fixedly connected to the second slider (1701). The base (100) has a second groove (1702) inside and on one side of the rotary joint (805) that cooperates with the second slider (1701). The second slider (1701) is slidably connected to the inside of the second groove (1702).

8. The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (900) includes a feeding hopper (901) and a weighing assembly (1000). A feeding pipe (902) is fixedly connected inside the preparation box (400) on the side away from the rotating plate (503). The top of the feeding pipe (902) is fixedly connected to the feeding hopper (901). A rotating box (906) is rotatably connected inside the feeding hopper (901) via a second rotating shaft (907). One of the second rotating shafts (907)... A second rack (904) is fixedly connected to the outside of the feed hopper (901) at one end. A first cylinder (903) is fixedly installed on the top of the preparation box (400) and on one side of the feed hopper (901). The output end of the first cylinder (903) is fixedly connected to the second rack (904). The second rack (904) is meshed with the fifth gear (905). A weighing component (1000) is provided inside the rotating box (906).

9. The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads according to claim 8, characterized in that: The weighing assembly (1000) includes a weighing plate (1001), a pressure sensor (1002) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inside of the feed hopper (901), the weighing plate (1001) is fixedly installed at the top of the pressure sensor (1002), and the weighing plate (1001) is slidably connected to the inside of the feed hopper (901).

10. The apparatus for preparing IgY gel beads according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid addition mechanism (1100) includes a liquid addition cylinder (1101) and an adjustment component (1200). The liquid addition cylinder (1101) is fixedly connected to the side of the preparation box (400) away from the support plate (200). A piston (1102) is slidably connected inside the liquid addition cylinder (1101). A second push rod (1103) is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the piston (1102). One end of the second push rod (1103) extends to the outside of the liquid addition cylinder (1101) and is fixedly connected to a mounting plate (1104). An adjustment component (1200) is provided on the top of the mounting plate (1104). A connecting strip (1105) is fixedly connected to the end of the fixing plate (300) near the motor (501). A third push rod (110) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting strip (1105). 6) A second spring (1110) is sleeved between the piston (1102) and the liquid filling cylinder (1101) and outside the second push rod (1103). The side of the second spring (1110) away from the preparation box (400) is fixedly connected to the liquid inlet pipe (1108). A first solenoid valve (1109) is fixedly connected inside the liquid inlet pipe (1108). A liquid storage cylinder (1107) is fixedly connected to the top of the liquid inlet pipe (1108). A reinforcing rod (1112) is fixedly connected to the outside of the liquid inlet pipe (1108). One end of the reinforcing rod (1112) is fixedly connected to the outside of the liquid filling cylinder (1101). Vent holes (1111) are symmetrically opened on both sides of the top of the liquid filling cylinder (1101). An infusion pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the liquid filling cylinder (1101).

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