Anti-overloading steel slag crusher with efficient cooling and rapid cleaning functions

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-overloading steel slag crusher with efficient cooling and rapid cleaning functions. The anti-overloading steel slag crusher comprises a flash retreating mechanism, a crusher body, a rapid discharging assembly and a cooling device. Two stages of crushing rollers are arranged in the crusher body and sequentially comprise a first-stage tooth roller and a second-stage crushing roller set, and the second-stage crushing roller set is composed of a second-stage fixed tooth roller and a second-stage movable tooth roller. The cooling devices are arranged in bearing chambers at the two ends of the tooth roller, and circulating cooling of bearings and the tooth roller is achieved by arranging a spiral cooling water channel system. The flash retreating mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the second-stage crushing roller set and is in buffer parallel connection with a spring through a hydraulic cylinder to form a composite buffer system, and when the crushing cavity is overloaded, a second-stage movable tooth roller is driven to retreat along a guide sliding rail so as to release impact force. The structure integrates the functions of overload protection, cooling and automatic cleaning, the equipment failure rate can be remarkably reduced, the crushing continuity and safety are improved, and the device is suitable for efficient crushing operation of high-temperature steel slag and hard materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of steel slag crushing technology, specifically to a steel slag crusher that is overload resistant and has efficient cooling and rapid cleaning functions. Background Technology

[0002] Steel slag is a high-temperature solid waste generated during steel smelting, typically reaching temperatures of 400°C to 800°C. To achieve resource recycling of steel slag, it must first be crushed to facilitate subsequent magnetic separation, grading, and recovery. Currently, commonly used steel slag crushing equipment mainly includes double-roll, toothed roll, and hammer crushers. These devices generally use relatively rotating rollers to squeeze and shear the steel slag, achieving the crushing effect. However, due to the hardness of steel slag and the presence of unmelted metal blocks, flanges, and other high-strength foreign objects, existing crushers are prone to overload, jamming, bearing overheating, and crushing chamber blockage during processing. Especially under high-temperature steel slag processing conditions, the harsh operating environment leads to high mechanical failure rates, high maintenance costs, and severely impacts production efficiency and equipment lifespan.

[0003] Problems with existing technologies: Traditional steel slag crushers mostly achieve passive overload protection through safety pins or friction clutches; when hard foreign objects enter the crushing chamber, the toothed rollers cannot retract in time, often leading to toothed roller breakage or bearing housing deformation; such structures only provide protection after damage occurs, and cannot achieve active avoidance and rapid disengagement; in addition, the high-temperature cooling efficiency is low, and the components suffer severe thermal damage.

[0004] When blockage occurs in the crushing chamber, manual disassembly of the chamber or entry into the chamber for cleaning is required. This process is cumbersome and dangerous, often requiring downtime for several hours or even longer, severely impacting production continuity. Existing equipment generally lacks an automated, rapid cleaning design.

[0005] Patent document CN115608444A discloses an improvement in crushing efficiency by setting up multi-stage crushing and sorting units, but does not provide a specific structural solution for "overload protection and retraction reset of the crusher". Furthermore, patent document CN214974263U discloses a hydraulic system depressurization method to lift the upper part of the crushing chamber to achieve overload protection when uncrushable materials enter the crushing chamber. However, this technical structure is mainly used for vertical lifting action and does not address the horizontal retraction structure of a double-toothed roller crusher, nor does it address the combined mechanism of sliding bearing seats along T-shaped slide rails, parallel buffering of hydraulic cylinders and springs, and automatic limit reset.

[0006] Patent document CN2398002Y sets up an independent water jacket on the outside of the bearing housing, and absorbs heat through cooling water circulation. However, the cooling efficiency of this structure is limited, and it increases the volume of the bearing housing, which is not conducive to the compact layout of the crusher. Patent document CN204099432U achieves cooling by machining multiple cooling chambers on the outer wall of the bearing housing, but the water flows in and out on the same side, the flow path is short, the temperature drop is uneven, and the cooling effect is not ideal. Although the forced oil cooling structure has a good heat dissipation effect, the system is complex, the risk of oil contamination is high, and the maintenance cost is high.

[0007] Patent document CN104165192A discloses a method for achieving continuous cooling of the bearing by forming an internal cooling water channel between the bearing housing and the bearing cover, and setting inlet and outlet water channels on the same side. However, this technical solution is mainly used in single-roll crushers, and the cooling structure only targets passive heat exchange inside the bearing housing, so its application scope and cooling efficiency are still limited.

[0008] In summary, existing steel slag crushers have significant shortcomings in terms of overload response, cooling capacity, and material blockage removal efficiency. Therefore, a steel slag crusher with overload protection, efficient cooling, and rapid cleaning functions is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to overcome existing defects and provide a steel slag crusher with overload protection, efficient cooling, and rapid cleaning functions. Its instantaneous disengagement mechanism responds to overloads, proactively mitigating the risk of jamming and greatly protecting the secondary toothed rollers and secondary drive unit, preventing catastrophic damage. The rapid material blockage cleaning device reduces the traditional cleaning process, which takes hours, to just minutes. Hydraulic opening saves time and labor, and combined with the forward and reverse rotation function of the toothed rollers, it safely and efficiently solves the most challenging blockage problems, significantly improving equipment operating rate and production line continuity, effectively addressing the problems in the background technology.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a steel slag crusher with overload protection, efficient cooling, and rapid cleaning functions, comprising a retraction mechanism, a crusher body, a rapid unloading assembly, and a cooling device. The crusher body has two stages of crushing rollers internally, each comprising a primary toothed roller and a secondary crushing roller assembly, arranged sequentially vertically. The secondary crushing roller assembly includes a secondary fixed toothed roller and a secondary movable toothed roller. The cooling device is located within the bearing seats at both ends of the toothed rollers, used for heat exchange and cooling of the bearings and toothed rollers via circulating coolant. The retraction mechanism is installed on the rear side of the secondary crushing roller assembly, used to drive the secondary movable toothed roller to move backward along a guide trajectory to release the impact force when an overload occurs in the crushing chamber. The rapid unloading assembly is located within the primary toothed roller assembly. The side of the roller, which is connected to the main body of the crusher, includes a quick discharge assembly. A baffle plate is provided on the inner side of the baffle plate. The baffle plates are evenly spaced and spaced apart from the teeth of the primary toothed roller. This baffle plate serves to block material, preventing crushed material from being carried upwards by the primary toothed roller, thus preventing the blocked material from rolling back. The baffle plate is opened by driving it, and in conjunction with the reversing function of the primary toothed roller, the blocked material is discharged out of the crushing chamber. Fixed teeth are fixed on the inner wall of the crusher body, spaced apart from the teeth of the primary toothed roller. The steel slag is crushed through the interaction of the fixed teeth and the primary toothed roller. The secondary power unit is located on the drive base and includes a secondary geared motor, which drives the secondary moving toothed roller to move via a belt drive assembly.

[0011] Furthermore, the main body of the crusher consists of an upper box and a lower box, which are fixedly connected by bolts. A first-stage reducer for driving the first-stage toothed roller is installed on the side of the upper box, and a second-stage reducer for driving the second-stage fixed toothed roller is installed on the side of the lower box.

[0012] Furthermore, the rapid unloading assembly includes a bypass chute and a switching mechanism. The crusher body includes an upper housing and a primary toothed roller housed within the upper housing. The bypass chute is located on the side of the upper housing, and the two are connected by bolts. A primary toothed roller bearing chamber is located on the outer side of the upper housing. A secondary power unit, including a geared motor, is located on the drive base. The geared motor drives the primary toothed roller bearing chamber to rotate via a pulley. An opening communicating with the bypass chute is provided on the side of the upper housing. The bypass chute is used to discharge material when blockage occurs. The switching mechanism includes a switching baffle and a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the side of the bypass chute, and the switching baffle is located at the opening. In normal operation, the bypass chute is closed, and the switching baffle smoothly connects to the inner wall of the crushing chamber of the upper housing, without affecting normal crushing operations. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder extends into the bypass chute and is hinged to the side of the switching baffle. When cleaning is required, the switching baffle... The chute opens outward under the action of the cylinder, forming a slag discharge channel at the opening. The slag discharge channel is opened and closed by a hydraulic cylinder, which has the advantages of simple structure and reliable operation. Limit switches are installed on the inner wall of the bypass chute. Two limit switches are installed. These limit switches are used to detect the extreme positions of the switching baffle, that is, the positions of fully open and fully closed. A speed sensor is installed on the bearing chamber on the outside of the upper box. The speed sensor detects the speed of the first-stage toothed roller to determine whether to trigger the electrical control system to control the hydraulic station and whether the first-stage toothed roller reverses. The hydraulic cylinder, limit switches, and speed sensor are electrically connected to the PLC control system. The PLC control system determines whether the crusher is blocked based on the first-stage toothed roller speed signal and the motor load current signal. When a blockage is detected, the PLC control system controls the hydraulic cylinder to drive the first-stage toothed roller to reverse and simultaneously open the bypass chute to form an emergency slag discharge channel, so as to achieve rapid clearing of the blocked material.

[0013] The speed sensor detects the rotational speed of the primary toothed roller in real time. When the detected value is lower than the preset threshold (50 rpm) and continues for a predetermined time (e.g., 3-5 seconds), the PLC control system automatically triggers the cleaning program, causing the primary toothed roller to stop and rotate in the reverse direction, while simultaneously driving the bypass chute to open.

[0014] Furthermore, the opening direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the primary toothed roller, and the inner wall of the bypass chute is lined with wear-resistant plates.

[0015] Furthermore, the limit switches include limit switch one and closing limit switch two, which are respectively set on the top surface of the inner wall of the bypass chute. A trigger rod is set on the side of the switching partition. Limit switch one and closing limit switch two are used to detect the fully open and fully closed state of the bypass chute and feed back the status signal to the PLC control system to realize action interlock.

[0016] The PLC control system has an automatic operation mode and a manual debugging mode. In automatic mode, it realizes closed-loop control of the crusher's operating status and cleaning process. In manual mode, the primary toothed roller reverses and the bypass chute opens and closes can be independently controlled via a button station.

[0017] Furthermore, a hinge joint is provided on the side of the switching partition. The hinge joint is welded to the switching partition. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hinge joint through a pin. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to an external oil pump through valves and pipelines.

[0018] Furthermore, two sets of hydraulic cylinders are provided and arranged in parallel. The two sets of hydraulic cylinders apply reliable thrust or pull force to the switching baffle to ensure reliable operation of the equipment.

[0019] Furthermore, a guide plate is provided on the lower left side of the opening. The guide plate serves to guide the material, allowing the steel slag to fall smoothly into the bypass chute.

[0020] Furthermore, a baffle plate is provided on the inner side of the switching partition. The baffle plates are evenly spaced and the teeth of the baffle plate are spaced apart from those of the first-stage toothed roller. The baffle plate serves to block the material and prevent the broken material from being carried upward by the first-stage toothed roller, thereby preventing the material from being blocked and rolled back.

[0021] Furthermore, the cooling device includes a bearing chamber and a cooling water channel system disposed inside the bearing chamber. The cooling water channel system includes an inlet, an outlet, and cooling water channels. The cooling water channels are arranged in a spiral or circular manner in the inner wall of the bearing chamber to form a cooling path from top to bottom. The inlet is located in the upper part of the bearing chamber, and the outlet is located in the lower part of the bearing chamber, forming a cooling water flow pattern of top inlet and bottom outlet. The bearing chamber is a hollow cylindrical structure, and a bearing is disposed inside it. The bearing includes an outer ring, an inner ring, and rolling elements. The outer ring of the bearing is interference-fitted into the bore of the bearing chamber, and the bearing is axially limited and fixed at both ends by end caps. The outer wall of the bearing chamber is provided with mounting flange holes.

[0022] Furthermore, the inlet and outlet are respectively connected to the outlet of the external cooling water pump and the inlet of the cooling water tank, forming a closed-loop circulating cooling system with a cooling water circulation flow rate of 5-15 L / min; this enables the recycling of cooling water and reduces water consumption.

[0023] Furthermore, the bearing housing is a single-piece structure, with cooling water channels formed on the inner wall by milling or casting.

[0024] Furthermore, the bearing housing consists of a bearing housing shell and a cooling shell, with a cooling water channel formed between the bearing housing shell and the cooling shell. The bearing housing with a split structure has the advantages of simple processing and reduced processing costs. An oil cavity is provided inside the bearing housing.

[0025] Furthermore, a left end cover is provided on the left side of the bearing chamber, and a right end cover is provided on the right side of the bearing chamber. The left end cover and the right end cover are respectively provided with sealing rings between their connecting surfaces and the bearing chamber, forming a closed bearing cavity.

[0026] Furthermore, the cooling water channels have a multi-layered spiral distribution structure, with 2 to 3 layers distributed along the axial direction of the bearing chamber, forming a graded cooling path to enhance heat dissipation efficiency.

[0027] Furthermore, an annular sealing groove is provided on the right side of the bearing housing. At least two annular sealing grooves are provided. The right end cover is press-fitted into the annular sealing groove and together with the annular sealing groove, forms a labyrinth-type sealing structure.

[0028] The cooling method of the bearing housing cooling device includes the following steps: ① Pump cooling water into the bearing housing from the inlet at the top; ② Cooling water flows from top to bottom along a spiral-shaped water channel to absorb the heat generated by the bearing; ③ The heated cooling water is discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the bearing housing.

[0029] Furthermore, the retraction mechanism includes a housing base, a hydraulic cylinder, a spring buffer mechanism, a sliding bearing seat, a fixed bearing seat, and a crusher body. The housing base is located below the crusher body. The fixed bearing seat is fixed to the housing base. A slide rail is provided on one side of the housing base, and the sliding bearing seat is slidably connected to the slide rail. The secondary fixed toothed roller is installed between the fixed bearing seats, and the secondary movable toothed roller of the housing base is installed between the sliding bearing seats. The secondary fixed toothed roller and the secondary movable toothed roller are used for crushing materials. A fixed base is provided on the side of the housing base, and a drive base is slidably connected to the fixed base. The drive base is equipped with... The crusher has a drive mechanism, including a geared motor and a belt assembly. A hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the base, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the drive base. A spring buffer mechanism is set on one side of the hydraulic cylinder. The spring buffer mechanism and the hydraulic cylinder are connected in parallel to form a composite buffer system. When the pressure in the crushing chamber of the crusher exceeds the set threshold, the sliding bearing seat moves back a preset distance along the slide rail to release the overload force. After the hard object passes, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the secondary moving toothed roller to automatically reset under the action of the spring reset force, the limit switch resets, and the equipment continues to run. A connecting rod is set between the drive base and the sliding bearing seat for force transmission.

[0030] Furthermore, the drive base is connected to the fixed base via the slide rail two, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the sliding bearing seat, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the drive base.

[0031] Furthermore, the spring buffer mechanism includes a spring, a triangular seat, and a guide post. The spring is positioned between the triangular seat and the drive base, and the guide post is located within the spring, serving a guiding function. This spring buffer mechanism is used to absorb the impact force of the sudden movement and reduce the instantaneous load on the hydraulic cylinder.

[0032] Furthermore, it also includes limit switches, which are heavy-duty mechanical type with normally closed contacts, and are installed at the limit positions of the displacement of the secondary moving toothed roller of the crusher.

[0033] Furthermore, the slide rail is a T-shaped slide rail, and a T-shaped slider is provided at the bottom of the sliding bearing seat to cooperate with it. The slide rail material is high-strength wear-resistant steel to reduce the coefficient of friction and ensure smooth sliding.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention integrates a flashover anti-overload mechanism, a circulating cooling system, and a hydraulic rapid unloading component into the crusher structure, forming an integrated safety protection, efficient cooling, and rapid cleaning system. Under the complex working conditions of high temperature, high impact, and high wear in steel slag crushing, this solution can actively respond to overload, provide continuous and stable cooling, and achieve automated deblocking, significantly improving the operational reliability of the equipment and the continuity of the production line. It solves long-standing technical problems of frequent jamming, bearing overheating, and difficulty in manual cleaning in traditional steel slag crushers.

[0035] 2. The baffles are set at equal intervals to block the material and prevent broken material from being carried to the top by the primary toothed roller, thus preventing the material from being blocked and rolled back.

[0036] 3. Introduce a retraction mechanism in the secondary crushing roller group. Through the combination of hydraulic cylinder, T-shaped slide rail, sliding bearing seat and spring buffer system, when the load in the crushing chamber exceeds the set threshold, the secondary moving toothed roller moves backward instantaneously along the guide trajectory to release the impact energy. At the same time, the overload force is absorbed by the parallel hydraulic and spring composite buffer system, realizing mechanical rapid avoidance and automatic reset.

[0037] 4. The fast unloading component adopts a combination of hydraulically driven switching baffle and bypass chute, which can complete the unblocking within minutes without manual entry into the cavity, significantly improving operational safety and maintenance convenience. At the same time, the inner wall of the bypass chute is equipped with wear-resistant lining plates and guide plates to ensure smooth discharge of high-temperature steel slag. Limit switches and sensors form an interlock to prevent accidental triggering or abnormal reset, realizing the automation, controllability and safety of the cleaning operation. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first-stage toothed roller structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the crusher of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the main body of the crusher of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a top view of the rapid unloading assembly of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a side view of the rapid unloading assembly of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the switching partition of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating the electrical control principle of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling device structure of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling device of the present invention without the bearing and end cover. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling device of the present invention from the left side. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the bearing chamber of the present invention in the crusher.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Retreat mechanism; 101. Box base; 102. Hydraulic cylinder; 103. Sliding bearing seat; 104. Limit switch; 105. Spring buffer mechanism; 106. Slide rail one; 107. Connecting rod; 108. Drive base; 109. Fixed bearing seat; 1010. Crusher body; 1011. Fixed base; 1012. Slide rail two; 1013. Triangular seat; 2. Quick unloading assembly; 201. Hydraulic cylinder; 202. Bypass chute; 203. Upper box; 204. Speed ​​sensor; 205. First-stage toothed roller; 206. Opening; 207. Baffle plate; 208. Switching partition; 209. 2010 Guide sloping plate, 2011 Limit switch, 2011 Trigger rod, 2012 Hinge joint, 3 Cooling device, 301 Water inlet, 302 Water outlet, 303 Cooling water channel, 304 Mounting flange hole, 305 Bearing, 306 Left end cover, 307 Bearing chamber housing, 308 Cooling housing, 309 Oil cavity, 3010 Right end cover, 3011 Bearing chamber, 3012 Annular sealing groove, 4 Secondary crushing roller group, 5 Lower box, 6 Secondary fixed toothed roller, 7 Secondary moving toothed roller, 8 Secondary power unit, 9 First stage reducer, 10 Secondary reducer, 11 Fixed tooth. Detailed Implementation

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0041] Please see Figure 1-12 This invention provides a technical solution: a steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions, comprising a retraction mechanism 1, a crusher body 1010, a rapid unloading assembly 2, and a cooling device 3; the crusher body 1010 is internally equipped with two-stage crushing rollers, including a primary toothed roller 205 and a secondary crushing roller group 4, arranged sequentially vertically; the secondary crushing roller group 4 includes a secondary fixed toothed roller 6 and a secondary movable toothed roller 7; the cooling device 3 is located in the bearing chambers at both ends of the toothed rollers, used to cool the bearings and toothed rollers through heat exchange with circulating coolant; the retraction mechanism 1 is installed on the rear side of the secondary crushing roller group 4, used to drive the secondary movable toothed roller 7 to move backward along a guide trajectory when an overload occurs in the crushing chamber. To release impact force; the quick discharge assembly 2 is set on the side of the first-stage toothed roller 205 and is connected to the crusher body 1010; the quick discharge assembly 2 includes a switching partition 208, and a baffle plate 207 is provided on the inner side of the switching partition 208. The baffle plates 207 are evenly spaced, and the baffle plates 207 and the teeth of the first-stage toothed roller 205 are spaced apart to block the material and prevent it from rolling back; by driving the switching partition 208 to open, and cooperating with the reversing function of the first-stage toothed roller 205, the blocked material is discharged out of the crushing chamber; a fixing tooth 11 is fixed on the inner wall of the crusher body 1010. The fixing tooth 11 and the teeth of the first-stage toothed roller 205 are spaced apart. The steel slag is crushed by the mutual cooperation of the fixing tooth 11 and the first-stage toothed roller 205.

[0042] In the above embodiment, after the material enters the feed inlet of the crusher body 1010 from top to bottom, it first forms an meshing zone with the primary toothed roller 205 and the fixed teeth 11 set on the inner wall of the machine body; the primary toothed roller 205 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise at a preset speed under drive, and a shearing-compression coupling effect is formed between the tooth tip and the fixed teeth 11, which performs primary crushing of large pieces of steel slag and controls the lower limit of particle size to avoid excessively large pieces from entering the next stage; the material after primary crushing falls into the area of ​​the secondary crushing roller group 4 under its own weight and tooth surface traction force, and is sheared and crushed again by the relative rotation of the secondary fixed toothed roller 6 and the secondary moving toothed roller 7, thereby obtaining the target particle size distribution.

[0043] Under high-temperature conditions, the bearing chamber of the cooling device 3 forms a cooling circuit with water entering from the top and exiting from the bottom: cooling water enters from the inlet 301, flows downward along the spiral or circular path of the bearing chamber wall through the cooling water channel 303, exchanges heat with the outer ring of the bearing 305 and the heat transfer surface near the roller neck, and is discharged from the outlet 302 to the external cooling water tank, realizing continuous heat exchange and cooling of the bearing and roller end; the bearing is axially limited by the end cover to ensure stable load transmission and reliable sealing.

[0044] When foreign objects or large pieces of metal enter the secondary crushing zone and cause the load in the crushing chamber to increase instantaneously, the retraction mechanism 1 arranged behind the secondary crushing roller group 4 is hydraulically actuated and cooperates with the guide rail to make the secondary moving toothed roller 7, together with the sliding bearing seat, move rapidly backward along the predetermined trajectory, widening the gap between the secondary rollers to release the impact force and avoid catastrophic load on the toothed roller and bearing; after the impact decays, under the combined action of the hydraulic cylinder return oil and the reset force of the elastic element, the secondary moving toothed roller 7 returns to the set working gap along the guide trajectory and resumes the crushing operation.

[0045] When blockage occurs in the upper crushing area or when material accumulates and tends to roll back at the primary toothed roller 205, the rapid unloading component 2 is controlled to open the switching baffle 208. The multiple baffles 207 on the inner side of the switching baffle 208 are radially offset from the teeth of the primary toothed roller 205, forming a blocking and guiding surface for the accumulated material. At the same time, the primary toothed roller 205 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction at a low speed. With the help of tooth surface friction and gravity, the blockage is discharged from the machine body through the bypass channel, realizing rapid unblocking without disassembly or power interruption (or short stop). The entire process is interlocked through electrical control. The switching baffle 208 only allows the primary toothed roller 205 to run in reverse when it is confirmed to be in the correct position. Otherwise, after the switching baffle 208 is reset and closed, normal forward rotation crushing is resumed.

[0046] In the above embodiments, the instantaneous backward movement of the secondary moving toothed roller 7 gives the equipment the ability to actively avoid obstacles, releasing most of the impact energy in the instant of sudden load increase, significantly reducing the risk of tooth surface peeling, bearing erosion and bearing housing deformation, and improving the life of key components; the top-inlet and bottom-outlet cooling device 3 and the spiral water channel layout enable the cooling water to form a longer heat exchange path and a stable temperature gradient in the bearing chamber, improving the temperature drop efficiency of the bearing area and suppressing thermal drift, ensuring the stability of the roller gap; the quick unloading component 2 utilizes the structural cooperation of the switching partition 208 and the baffle 207, and with the reverse cooperation of the primary toothed roller 205, transforms the traditional manual operation that requires stopping the machine to open the cover into online unblocking, shortening the fault recovery time and improving the continuity and safety of the production line; the interval cooperation between the fixed tooth 11 and the primary toothed roller 205 forms an effective shearing channel, improving the primary crushing efficiency and particle size control accuracy, and providing stable feeding conditions for secondary crushing.

[0047] In the above embodiments, the tooth shape of the primary toothed roller 205 and the secondary toothed rollers 6 and 7 can be selected as rectangular teeth, sawtooth teeth, or stepped teeth according to the physical properties of steel slag and the target particle size. Wear-resistant alloys can be sprayed or hard layers can be overlaid on the tooth surface to improve wear resistance life. The roller surface hardness is preferably HRC55-60, and can also be adjusted in the range of HRC48-62 according to different working conditions. The guiding mechanism of the secondary moving toothed roller 7 can adopt T-shaped slide rail with T-shaped slider, dovetail guide rail or linear guide rail roller pair to meet different rigidity and maintenance requirements. In addition to hydraulic cylinder, the retraction actuation can be a hydraulic accumulator-cylinder combination scheme or a composite structure of electric screw and buffer spring. As long as it can achieve rapid backward movement and controllable reset, it is an equivalent replacement.

[0048] The cooling water channel 303 of the cooling device 3 can be manufactured by milling and welding, casting, or forming a sandwich water channel between the split shells; the cooling medium can be replaced with a low-corrosion coolant or ethylene glycol aqueous solution to adapt to low-temperature environments; the number, spacing and height of the baffles 207 can be parametrically designed according to the module and tooth tip circle diameter of the first-stage toothed roller 205 to maintain a minimum safe gap of 5-15 mm with the tooth tip, which prevents rollback and interference; the drive of the switching baffle 208 can be changed from a single cylinder to a double cylinder or multi-link pull-push mechanism to improve the reliability of opening and anti-jamming; to adapt to different installation spaces, the bypass channel of the quick unloading component 2 can be set as a lateral straight discharge or a downward deflection discharge form; in terms of control strategy, when reliable sensing conditions are available, the triggering criterion can be expanded from the speed-time threshold to a comprehensive criterion of three parameters: speed, main motor current and vibration, to enhance the robustness against misjudgment.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the shell of the crusher body 1010 is composed of an upper housing 203 and a lower housing 5, which are fixedly connected by bolts; a first-stage reducer 9 for driving the first-stage toothed roller 205 to rotate is provided on the side of the upper housing 203; a second-stage reducer 10 for driving the second-stage fixed toothed roller 6 to rotate is provided on the side of the lower housing 5.

[0050] In the above embodiment, the upper housing 203 and the lower housing 5 together form a staged crushing chamber, with the upper and lower crushing rollers arranged vertically in sequence. The first-stage reducer 9 transmits power to the first-stage toothed roller 205 via a coupling, realizing the primary shearing and extrusion of the feed material. The second-stage reducer 10 is installed on the side wall of the lower housing 5 and drives the second-stage fixed toothed roller 6 via a coupling, so that it forms a relatively rotating second-stage crushing zone with the second-stage moving toothed roller 7. The upper and lower housings are fitted with flanges and locating pins, and the bolts are pre-tightened in groups to ensure the coaxiality of the assembly and the housing. Sealing performance; during operation, the upper housing 203 bears the reaction force generated by the primary crushing and transmits the load to the lower housing 5 through the housing stiffeners and connecting bolts; in addition to bearing the secondary crushing load, the lower housing 5 also serves as the mounting foundation for the retraction mechanism 1 and the bearing seat; the two reducers are independently subjected to force and heat dissipation to avoid power coupling interference; at the same time, the power side is arranged on the outside of the housing for easy maintenance and repair; through the split structure of the upper and lower housings, the toothed rollers, bearings and seals can be replaced without dismantling the main foundation, shortening downtime.

[0051] The split upper housing 203 / lower housing 5 structure makes the maintenance window clear and the assembly and disassembly path simplified, which is conducive to quick opening of the cover and internal maintenance; the first-stage reducer 9 and the second-stage reducer 10 are placed on the sides of different housings, making the power chain clear, the transmission torque split, and reducing mutual thermal influence and vibration coupling; the mounting flange bolt connection ensures housing rigidity and reliable sealing, reducing the escape of dust and high-temperature gas; the layered arrangement of the drive unit can optimize the shaft length and coupling alignment, improve transmission efficiency and bearing life, and reserve space for bypass chute and flash mechanism 1, which facilitates the overall layout and subsequent maintenance.

[0052] As one embodiment, the retraction mechanism 1 includes a housing base 101, a hydraulic cylinder 102, a spring buffer mechanism 105, a sliding bearing seat 103, a fixed bearing seat 109, and a crusher body 1010. The housing base 101 is located below the crusher body 1010. The fixed bearing seat 109 is fixedly installed on the housing base 101. A slide rail 106 is provided on one side of the housing base 101 of the fixed bearing seat 109. The sliding bearing seat 103 is slidably connected to the slide rail 106. A secondary fixed toothed roller is installed between the fixed bearing seats 109, and a secondary movable toothed roller is installed between the sliding bearing seats 103. The secondary fixed toothed roller and the secondary movable toothed roller are used for... The material is crushed; a fixed base 1011 is provided on the side of the box base 101, and a drive base 108 is slidably connected to the fixed base 1011. The drive base 108 is equipped with a drive mechanism, including a geared motor and a belt assembly, for driving the operation of the crusher; a hydraulic cylinder 102 is fixed on the fixed base 1011, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 102 is connected to the drive base 108. A spring buffer mechanism 105 is provided on one side of the hydraulic cylinder 102. The spring buffer mechanism 105 and the hydraulic cylinder 102 are arranged in parallel to form a composite buffer system; a connecting rod 107 is provided between the drive base 108 and the sliding bearing seat 103, and the connecting rod 107 is used for force transmission.

[0053] In a further embodiment, the drive base 108 is slidably connected to the fixed base 1011 via the slide rail 1012, and one end of the connecting rod 107 is rotatably connected to the sliding bearing seat 103, and the other end is rotatably connected to the drive base 108, so that when the hydraulic cylinder 102 extends or retracts, the drive base 108 and the sliding bearing seat 103 can move synchronously, thereby realizing the coordinated retraction and reset action of the secondary moving toothed roller.

[0054] In another embodiment, the spring buffer mechanism 105 includes a spring, a triangular seat 1013 and a guide post. The spring is disposed between the triangular seat 1013 and the drive base 108, and the guide post is located in the middle of the spring and plays a guiding role. This structure can effectively absorb instantaneous impact force during the flashback process, reduce the load on the hydraulic cylinder, and provide auxiliary thrust during the reset phase, so that the secondary moving toothed roller can smoothly return to the working position.

[0055] In another embodiment, the device also includes a limit switch 104, which is a heavy-duty mechanical structure with normally closed contacts, and is installed at the limit position of the displacement of the secondary moving toothed roller of the crusher. When the secondary moving toothed roller retracts to the maximum stroke, the limit switch 104 is opened to stop the crusher from running. After the toothed roller is reset, the signal is closed again, and the control system automatically resumes operation to ensure the safety and automated control of the equipment.

[0056] In another embodiment, slide rail 106 is a T-shaped slide rail, and a T-shaped slider is provided at the bottom of the sliding bearing seat 103 to cooperate with it; the slide rail material is made of high-strength wear-resistant steel to reduce the coefficient of friction and ensure the smoothness and guiding accuracy of sliding, so that the retraction and reset actions are smoother and more reliable.

[0057] During the operation of the device, when high-hardness foreign objects such as iron blocks and refractory bricks are mixed into the crushing chamber of the steel slag crusher, an instantaneous impact load is generated between the toothed rollers. The hydraulic cylinder 102 and the spring buffer mechanism 105 work together to form a composite buffer path, causing the sliding bearing seat 103 to quickly retreat along the slide rail 106 to release the overload energy. After the hard object passes through, the hydraulic cylinder 102 pushes the secondary moving toothed roller to automatically return to its original position with the assistance of the reset force of the spring buffer mechanism 105. After the limit switch 104 detects the position signal, it resumes normal operation. The whole process realizes automatic retraction and automatic reset without manual intervention.

[0058] Through the above design, the present invention can achieve the comprehensive functions of rapid retraction, buffer energy absorption and automatic reset during the operation of the steel slag crusher; the hydraulic system undertakes the main displacement control and overload release, and the spring mechanism provides high-frequency energy absorption and reset support. The two work together to effectively prevent damage to the toothed rollers, bearings and main transmission system, and significantly improve equipment safety and production continuity.

[0059] In alternative or modified embodiments, the hydraulic cylinder and spring buffer mechanism can be arranged in a series-parallel hybrid configuration to meet different load conditions; slide rail 106 and slide rail 2 1012 can be replaced with linear ball bearings or dovetail guide rails to optimize guiding accuracy; connecting rod 107 can adopt a ball joint structure to improve flexibility; the limit detection method can be replaced with a magnetic induction sensor or a photoelectric sensor to improve environmental adaptability; the surface of sliding parts can be treated with hard chrome plating or a self-lubricating coating to enhance wear resistance and long-term reliability; this device can also adjust the hydraulic pressure and spring stiffness parameters according to the material hardness, particle size and crushing strength requirements to adapt to different types of steel slag, furnace slag or construction waste crushers, and achieve universal application.

[0060] In one embodiment, the rapid unloading assembly 2 includes a bypass chute 202 and a switching mechanism; the crusher body 1010 includes an upper housing 203 and a primary toothed roller 205 disposed within the upper housing 203, the bypass chute 202 is installed on the side of the upper housing 203 and connected by bolts; the outer side of the upper housing 203 is provided with a primary toothed roller bearing chamber, a pulley and a reduction motor for driving the pulley to rotate, and an opening 206 communicating with the bypass chute 202 is provided on the side of the upper housing 203, the bypass chute 202 is used to discharge the blocked material when the crusher is blocked.

[0061] The switching mechanism includes a switching baffle 208 and a hydraulic cylinder 201. The hydraulic cylinder 201 is fixed to the side of the bypass chute 202. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 201 is inserted into the bypass chute 202 and hinged to the side of the switching baffle 208. The switching baffle 208 is set at the opening 206. Under normal working conditions, the bypass chute 202 remains closed, and the switching baffle 208 is smoothly connected to the inner wall of the upper box 203 without affecting the crushing operation. When the PLC control system determines that the crusher is blocked, the hydraulic cylinder 201 is activated to push the switching baffle 208 to open outward, forming a slag discharge channel at the opening 206, and the bypass chute 202 promptly discharges the blocked material.

[0062] Two limit switches 2010 are installed on the inner wall of the bypass chute 202 to detect the fully open and fully closed positions of the switching baffle 208. A speed sensor 204 is installed on the bearing chamber on the outer side of the upper housing 203 to detect the rotational speed signal of the primary toothed roller 205. The hydraulic cylinder 201, limit switches 2010 and speed sensor 204 are all electrically connected to the PLC control system. The PLC control system determines whether the crusher is blocked by detecting the rotational speed of the primary toothed roller 205 and the motor load current, and automatically controls the hydraulic cylinder 201 to drive the switching baffle 208 to open the bypass chute 202, while controlling the primary toothed roller 205 to reverse, so as to achieve rapid clearing of blocked materials. The speed sensor 204 detects the rotational speed of the primary toothed roller 205 in real time. When the detected value is lower than the preset threshold (50 rpm) for 3 to 5 seconds, the PLC system automatically triggers the cleaning program, causing the primary toothed roller 205 to stop and rotate in the reverse direction, while driving the bypass chute 202 to open.

[0063] In the above embodiment, the direction of the opening 206 is opposite to the rotation direction of the primary toothed roller 205. The inner wall of the bypass chute 202 is lined with a wear-resistant liner to prevent material roll-back during cleaning and to improve wear resistance. The limit switch 2010 includes a limit switch one and a closing limit switch two, which are respectively set on the top surface of the inner wall of the bypass chute 202. A trigger rod 2011 is set on the side of the switching partition 208 to detect the opening and closing status of the bypass chute 202 and feed the signal back to the PLC control system to realize interlock control. The PLC control system has an automatic operation mode and a manual debugging mode. In the automatic mode, it realizes closed-loop control of the crusher's operating status and cleaning process. In the manual mode, the primary toothed roller reverses and the bypass chute 202 opens and closes independently through the button station.

[0064] A hinge joint 2012 is provided on the side of the switching partition 208. The hinge joint 2012 is welded to the switching partition 208. The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 201 is connected to the hinge joint 2012 through a pin. The hydraulic cylinder 201 is connected to an external oil pump through valves and pipelines to ensure reliable power transmission. The hydraulic cylinder 201 can be set into two sets and arranged in parallel. Through synchronous action, a uniform thrust is applied to the switching partition 208 to ensure smooth and reliable operation.

[0065] A guide plate 209 is provided on the lower left side of the opening 206 to guide the steel slag in the crushing chamber to the bypass chute 202 smoothly and prevent the material from accumulating at the opening; a baffle plate 207 is provided on the inner side of the switching baffle 208. The baffle plates 207 are arranged at equal intervals and are spaced apart from the first-stage toothed roller 205 to block the material and prevent the crushed material from being carried upward by the first-stage toothed roller 205 and causing blockage and backflow.

[0066] In use: This invention uses a PLC control system to monitor the speed of the first-stage toothed roller and the load of the motor in real time, so as to realize the automatic identification and obstacle removal control of the blockage state of the steel slag crusher; when the crusher is running normally, the first-stage toothed roller 205 maintains a stable speed under the drive of the reduction motor to complete the crushing operation of the steel slag; the speed sensor 204 continuously feeds back the speed signal of the first-stage toothed roller to the PLC system, and the PLC judges the material state in the crushing chamber according to the preset threshold.

[0067] When the primary toothed roller speed is detected to be between 66 rpm and 50 rpm for a certain period of time (e.g., 3-5 seconds), the PLC determines that a blockage has occurred in the crushing chamber; at this time, the PLC automatically executes the cleaning sequence: ① First, a stop command is issued to reduce the speed of the first-stage toothed roller 205 until the speed is 0; ② When the first-stage toothed roller 205 is detected to have completely stopped, the PLC controls the drive motor to run in reverse, causing the first-stage toothed roller 205 to start rotating in reverse. ③ Simultaneously issue hydraulic control commands to drive the hydraulic cylinder 201 to extend and push the switching baffle 208 to open the bypass chute 202, forming a slag discharge channel.

[0068] Under the combined action of the reversal of the primary toothed roller 205 and gravity, the steel slag material blocked in the crushing chamber is quickly carried out and discharged to the outside of the machine through the opened bypass chute 202. The PLC monitors the reversal status of the primary toothed roller and maintains the reversal operation time for 10 to 30 seconds to ensure that the blocked material is completely discharged. Subsequently, the PLC controls the hydraulic cylinder 201 to retract, driving the switching partition 208 to reset and close the chute. After closing, the closing limit switch 2010 on the inner wall of the bypass chute 202 is triggered. Based on this, the PLC system confirms that the device has been completely reset, automatically switches to the normal operation program, drives the primary toothed roller 205 to resume forward rotation, and the crusher is put back into operation.

[0069] To facilitate equipment debugging and emergency handling, the system also features a manual operation mode. Operators can independently control the forward and reverse rotation of the primary toothed roller 205 and the opening and closing of the bypass chute 202 via the on-site button station, achieving flexible control under manual intervention. Through the closed-loop coordination of automatic detection, automatic response, and reset logic, this device achieves rapid and reliable troubleshooting and automatic reset in the event of material blockage in the crusher, ensuring the safe and continuous operation of the crushing system.

[0070] This invention, through the coordinated design of electrical control, hydraulics, and mechanical structures, achieves automated blockage detection and rapid cleaning of steel slag crushers, significantly improving equipment operating efficiency and safety. Upon detecting a blockage, the device automatically completes the entire process of stopping, reversing, opening the groove, discharging slag, and resetting, reducing cleaning time from several hours to several minutes, significantly reducing labor intensity and safety risks. Limit switches and PLC interlock control ensure accurate and reliable operation; the parallel arrangement of dual hydraulic cylinders ensures balanced thrust and smooth movement; wear-resistant liners and baffle plates extend the lifespan of key components and reduce maintenance costs; the machine has a compact structure and can be directly retrofitted to existing crushers, resulting in low investment, significant effects, and strong promotional value.

[0071] Hydraulic cylinder 201 can be adjusted to a single-cylinder, double-cylinder, or servo electric cylinder structure according to the size of the crusher and the thrust requirements; speed sensor 204 can be replaced with photoelectric encoder or Hall sensor to improve detection accuracy; limit switch 2010 can adopt proximity switch or photoelectric sensing element; wear-resistant liner can be made of high manganese steel, ceramic composite plate or polyurethane material; guide plate 209 can adjust angle or curvature according to material properties, and the surface can be sprayed with wear-resistant coating; baffle plate 207 can adopt detachable or multi-layer composite structure to adapt to materials of different particle sizes; PLC control system can be expanded to touch screen monitoring interface to realize automatic / manual mode switching, fault alarm and historical data recording, thereby improving system intelligence and maintenance convenience.

[0072] In one embodiment, the cooling device 3 includes a bearing chamber 3011 and a cooling water channel system disposed inside the bearing chamber 3011. The cooling water channel system includes an inlet 301, an outlet 302, and cooling water channels 303. The cooling water channels 303 are arranged in a spiral or circumferential manner in the inner wall of the bearing chamber 3011, forming a cooling path from top to bottom. The inlet 301 is located at the upper part of the bearing chamber 3011, and the outlet 302 is located at the lower part of the bearing chamber 3011, forming a cooling water flow pattern of top inlet and bottom outlet. The bearing chamber 3011 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and a bearing 305 is disposed inside it. The bearing 305 includes an outer ring, an inner ring, and rolling elements. The outer ring is interference-fitted into the inner hole of the bearing chamber 3011, and the bearing 305 is axially limited and fixed at both ends by end caps. The outer wall of the bearing chamber 3011 is provided with mounting flange holes 304 for connecting and fixing with the crusher body or support.

[0073] In another possible implementation, the inlet 301 and outlet 302 are respectively connected to the outlet of the external cooling water pump and the inlet of the cooling water tank to form a closed-loop circulating cooling system. The cooling water is pumped from the outlet of the cooling water tank through the inlet 301 into the cooling water channel 303, flows spirally along the inner wall of the bearing chamber 3011, and is discharged from the outlet 302 and returned to the cooling water tank. The circulation flow rate is controlled at 5 to 15 L / min to achieve continuous heat exchange and recycling.

[0074] In another possible implementation, the bearing housing 3011 is an integral structure, and the cooling water channel 303 is formed directly on the inner wall of the bearing housing 3011 by milling or casting, ensuring that the cooling water channel is in close contact with the housing, achieving efficient heat conduction and compact arrangement.

[0075] In another possible implementation, the bearing chamber 3011 is composed of a bearing chamber housing 307 and a cooling housing 308, with a cooling water channel 303 formed between them; cooling water flows in the gap between the bearing chamber housing 307 and the cooling housing 308 to cool the bearing 305; an oil chamber 309 is provided inside the bearing chamber to store lubricating oil and keep the bearing temperature stable.

[0076] In another possible implementation, a left end cover 306 is provided on the left side of the bearing chamber 3011 and a right end cover 3010 is provided on the right side. Both the left end cover 306 and the right end cover 3010 are provided with sealing rings between their connecting surfaces with the bearing chamber 3011 to form a closed bearing cavity and prevent lubricating oil leakage and dust entry.

[0077] In another possible implementation, the cooling water channel 303 adopts a multi-layer spiral distribution structure, with 2 to 3 layers distributed along the axial direction of the bearing chamber 3011 to form a multi-stage cooling path, so that the cooling medium can flow sequentially between different layers, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation effect and maintaining the uniform temperature of the outer ring of the bearing.

[0078] In another possible implementation, an annular sealing groove 3012 is provided on the right side of the bearing chamber 3011. At least two annular sealing grooves 3012 are provided. The right end cover 3010 is pressed into the annular sealing groove 3012 to form a multi-level labyrinth sealing structure, which is used to enhance the sealing performance and prevent high-temperature gas and lubricating oil from leaking out.

[0079] In another possible implementation, the bearing housing cooling device can be integrated with an external cooling system to form a complete cooling circuit through a cooling pump, a water tank, and a control valve. When the system is running, the cooling water enters from the inlet 301 and flows from top to bottom along the cooling water channel 303 to absorb the heat generated by the bearing operation. Then, it is discharged from the outlet 302 back to the cooling water tank for circulating heat dissipation.

[0080] In another possible implementation, the cooling medium can be selected from clean water, antifreeze, or ethylene glycol solution, depending on the usage environment; the cross-sectional shape of the cooling water channel can be rectangular, circular, or elliptical; and the bearing chamber and cooling shell can be made of cast steel or high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy to ensure thermal conductivity and structural strength.

[0081] In another possible implementation, the cooling device can be equipped with a temperature sensor or a flow control valve to achieve automatic control of the cooling system; after the sensor detects the temperature of the outer ring of the bearing, it can achieve intelligent temperature control by controlling the start and stop of the water pump or adjusting the flow rate, thereby further improving the system stability and energy saving effect.

[0082] In use: This device uses a spiral or encircling cooling water channel 303 set on the inner wall of the bearing chamber 3011 to allow cooling water to circulate around the outer ring of the bearing and flow from top to bottom. During the operation of the crusher, the bearing 305 generates a large amount of heat due to friction and thermal radiation. This heat is conducted to the bearing chamber wall through the outer ring of the bearing and then absorbed and carried away by the flowing cooling water. The inlet 301 is located at the upper part of the bearing chamber and the outlet 302 is located at the lower part, forming a cooling path of upper inlet and lower outlet. By utilizing the natural convection principle of "heat rise and cold fall", the cooling medium can circulate continuously and maintain a stable temperature difference, thereby achieving rapid and uniform heat dissipation of the bearing part.

[0083] In the closed-loop cooling system, the heated cooling water is discharged from the outlet 302, cooled by the cooling water tank, and then pumped back into the inlet 301 by the water pump to achieve circulating heat exchange. The multi-layer spiral cooling water channel structure further expands the heat exchange area, creating a graded cooling effect inside the bearing chamber. In the split structure embodiment, the cooling water flows between the bearing chamber shell 307 and the cooling shell 308, while indirectly cooling the internal oil cavity 309 to ensure stable lubricating oil temperature. The sealing system composed of the left end cover 306, the right end cover 3010, and the annular sealing groove 3012 effectively prevents lubricating oil leakage and the intrusion of external high-temperature gases, ensuring long-term stable operation of the bearing under high-temperature and heavy-load conditions.

[0084] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions, comprising a retraction mechanism (1), a crusher body (1010), a rapid unloading assembly (2), and a cooling device (3), characterized in that: The crusher body (1010) is equipped with two-stage crushing rollers, including a primary toothed roller (205) and a secondary crushing roller group (4), which are arranged vertically. The secondary crushing roller group (4) includes a secondary fixed toothed roller (6) and a secondary moving toothed roller (7). The cooling device (3) is located in the bearing seats at both ends of the toothed roller. The flashing mechanism (1) is installed on the rear side of the secondary crushing roller group (4). The quick unloading component (2) is located on the side of the primary toothed roller (205) and is connected to the crusher body (1010). The quick unloading component (2) includes a switching partition (208). A baffle plate (207) is provided on the inner side of the switching partition (208). The baffle plates (207) are evenly spaced and the teeth of the baffle plate (207) and the primary toothed roller (205) are spaced apart. A fixed tooth (11) is fixed on the inner wall of the crusher body (1010). The fixed tooth (11) and the teeth of the primary toothed roller (205) are spaced apart.

2. The steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell of the crusher body (1010) is composed of an upper box (203) and a lower box (5), which are fixedly connected by bolts. The upper box (203) is provided with a first-stage reducer (9) for driving the first-stage toothed roller (205) to rotate, and the lower box (5) is provided with a second-stage reducer (10) for driving the second-stage fixed toothed roller (6) to rotate.

3. The steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rapid unloading assembly (2) includes a bypass chute (202) and a switching mechanism. The bypass chute (202) is located on the side of the upper housing (203) and the two are connected by bolts. An opening (206) communicating with the bypass chute (202) is provided on the side of the upper housing (203). The switching mechanism includes a switching partition (208) and a hydraulic cylinder (201). The hydraulic cylinder (201) is fixed on the side of the bypass chute (202). The switching partition (208) is located at the opening (206). The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (201) passes through the bypass chute. In the chute (202), and hinged to the side of the switching partition (208); a limit switch (2010) is provided on the inner wall of the bypass chute (202), and two limit switches (2010) are provided. A speed sensor (204) is provided on the bearing chamber outside the upper housing (203). The hydraulic cylinder (201), limit switch (2010), and speed sensor (204) are electrically connected to the PLC control system respectively. The direction of the opening (206) is opposite to the rotation direction of the first-stage toothed roller (205). The inner wall of the bypass chute (202) is covered with a wear-resistant liner.

4. The steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limit switch (2010) includes a limit switch one and a closing limit switch two, which are respectively set on the top surface of the inner wall of the bypass chute (202), and a trigger rod (2011) is set on the side of the switching partition (208).

5. A steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions according to claim 3, characterized in that: A hinge joint (2012) is provided on the side of the switching partition (208). The hinge joint (2012) is welded to the switching partition (208). The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (201) is connected to the hinge joint (2012) through a pin. Two sets of hydraulic cylinders (201) are provided and arranged in parallel. A guide plate (209) is provided on the lower left side of the opening (206).

6. The steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling device (3) includes a bearing chamber (3011) and a cooling water channel system disposed inside the bearing chamber (3011). The cooling water channel system includes an inlet (301), an outlet (302), and a cooling water channel (303). The cooling water channel (303) is arranged in a spiral or circular manner in the inner wall of the bearing chamber (3011) to form a cooling path from top to bottom. The inlet (301) is disposed at the upper part of the bearing chamber (3011), and the outlet (302) is disposed at the lower part of the bearing chamber (3011) to form a cooling water flow pattern of top inlet and bottom outlet. The bearing chamber (3011) is a hollow cylindrical structure, and a bearing (305) is disposed inside it. The bearing (305) includes an outer ring, an inner ring, and rolling elements. The outer ring is interference-fitted into the inner hole of the bearing chamber (3011), and the bearing (305) is axially limited and fixed by end caps at both ends. The outer wall of the bearing chamber (3011) is provided with mounting flange holes (304).

7. The steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retraction mechanism (1) includes a housing base (101), a hydraulic cylinder (102), a spring buffer mechanism (105), a sliding bearing seat (103), a fixed bearing seat (109), and a crusher body (1010). The housing base (101) is located below the crusher body (1010). The fixed bearing seat (109) is fixed on the housing base (101). A slide rail (106) is provided on one side of the housing base (101) of the fixed bearing seat (109). The sliding bearing seat (103) is slidably connected to the slide rail (106). A fixed base (1011) is provided on the side of the seat (1). A drive base (108) is slidably connected to the fixed base (1011). A hydraulic cylinder (102) is fixed on the fixed base (1011). The telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (102) is connected to the drive base (108). A spring buffer mechanism (105) is provided on one side of the hydraulic cylinder (102). The spring buffer mechanism (105) and the hydraulic cylinder (102) are connected in parallel to form a composite buffer system. A connecting rod (107) is provided between the drive base (108) and the sliding bearing seat (103).

8. A steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drive base (108) is connected to the fixed base (1011) via the slide rail (1012). One end of the connecting rod (107) is rotatably connected to the sliding bearing seat (103), and the other end of the connecting rod (107) is rotatably connected to the drive base (108).

9. A steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spring buffer mechanism (105) includes a spring, a triangular seat (1013), and a guide post. The spring is located between the triangular seat (1013) and the drive base (108), and the guide post is located in the spring and plays a guiding role. The slide rail (106) is a T-shaped slide rail. The bottom of the sliding bearing seat (103) is equipped with a T-shaped slider that cooperates with it. The slide rail material is high-strength wear-resistant steel.

10. A steel slag crusher with overload protection, high-efficiency cooling, and rapid cleaning functions according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a limit switch (104), which is a heavy-duty mechanical type with normally closed contacts. The limit switch (104) is installed at the displacement limit position of the secondary moving toothed roller of the crusher.

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