Train equipment compartment area ice and snow prevention system for regulating and controlling wind and snow transportation characteristics

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit snow accumulation prevention, in particular to a wind and snow transportation characteristic regulation train equipment compartment area ice and snow prevention system which comprises a first snow guide module, a snow blocking module and a snow filtering module which are arranged outside an equipment compartment, and a second snow guide module, a snow gathering module, a snow melting module and a drainage module which are arranged inside the equipment compartment. The system further comprises a detection module and a central control and decision module. Through cooperation of the modules, fixed passive protection is converted into self-adaptive regulation and control based on the snow transportation state, the snow accumulation prevention working condition adaptability is remarkably improved, single-point blocking or melting is improved into snow grain full-period management, the risk of snow accumulation and re-icing in a cabin is systematically reduced, and the safety of the cabin is improved. Dependence on high-power continuous electric heating is remarkably reduced, energy consumption and operation economy are improved, blockage is delayed and ventilation performance is maintained through a graded composite filter screen structure, the high-speed train bidirectional operation working condition is naturally adapted, and structural redundancy is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of snow prevention technology for rail transit, and in particular to a snow and ice prevention system for train equipment compartment areas that regulates wind and snow transport characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] In high-altitude, snow-covered regions, the winter low-temperature period is prolonged, and the snowfall is heavy. Therefore, high-speed railway lines in these regions often experience more severe snow accumulation. When trains run on snow-covered tracks, snow particles are suspended in the air due to the complex airflow around the train and move with it under the influence of the wind. A large number of snow particles are suspended in the lower part of the train body, and under the influence of airflow, they adhere and accumulate on the surface of the train structure, seriously interfering with normal train operation. In actual winter train operation, it has been found that snow particles suspended on the track due to disturbances also enter the equipment compartment under the train body in large quantities through the skirt air intake grille, accumulating and increasing axle load, interfering with some equipment, and in severe cases, even causing the train to be unable to continue normal operation.

[0003] Currently, there are numerous optimization schemes for snow accumulation prevention in the bogie area of ​​high-speed trains. Most of these schemes achieve snow accumulation prevention in the bogie area through structures or devices installed in the equipment compartment and external bogie areas. However, research and corresponding optimization schemes for snow particle entry, adhesion, and accumulation in the equipment compartment area of ​​high-speed trains are relatively few. Current solutions mainly fall into the following categories: 1) Reducing snow accumulation by optimizing the structural design of the equipment compartment and air intake grille, such as increasing the guide angle of the grille. This is the most basic and widely used scheme, commonly seen in early high-speed railway models; 2) Laying heating wires or heating films near or inside the air intake grille in the equipment compartment. When low temperatures or snow accumulation risks are detected, heating is activated to melt the snow or ice on the air intake grille; 3) Adding a single-layer metal filter to the inside of the air intake grille to block larger debris and snow chunks. However, existing technologies are either ineffective or costly, and generally lack proactive utilization of the physical characteristics of wind and snow transport. Furthermore, most treat snow accumulation prevention and ventilation / heat dissipation as a contradictory pair that needs to be balanced, which is not conducive to better snow accumulation prevention. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology by establishing a snow prevention system for the equipment compartment area of ​​high-speed trains. Based on a snow transport state perception layer, the system can use the collected "snow transport state parameters" as control inputs through control strategies to coordinate the control of external snow guiding-blocking-filtering modules and internal flow guiding-gathering-heating-drainage modules, thereby achieving a leap from "passive defense" to "active guidance" of snow accumulation in the equipment compartment area.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a snow and ice prevention system for train equipment compartment area with wind and snow transport characteristics regulation, including a first snow guiding module, a snow blocking module, and a snow filtering module installed outside the equipment compartment, a second snow guiding module, a snow gathering module, a snow melting module, and a drainage module installed inside the equipment compartment, and also includes a detection module and a central control and decision module.

[0006] The first snow guiding module is located upstream of the ventilation window of the equipment compartment and is used to actively intervene in the wind and snow flow field near the equipment compartment; the snow blocking module is located outside the ventilation window and is used for ventilation and heat dissipation when open and to prevent snow from entering when completely closed; the snow filtering module is located in the ventilation window and inside the snow blocking module, and the snow filtering module includes multiple layers of filter screens, which are used for gradient interception and load distribution of snow particles.

[0007] The second snow guiding module is located inside the ventilation window and is used to guide snow particles entering the equipment compartment to a snow gathering area inside the equipment compartment, the snow gathering area being located at the bottom of the equipment compartment; the snow gathering module is located in the snow gathering area and is used to create negative pressure in the snow gathering area, so that the surrounding snow particles accumulate in the snow gathering area; the snow melting module is used to heat the temperature of the snow gathering area to the melting temperature of the snow particles; the drainage module is used to collect the water from the melted snow particles and discharge it outside the equipment compartment;

[0008] The detection module includes multiple sensors for detecting the external and internal environments of the equipment compartment and feeding the data back to the central control and decision-making module. The central control and decision-making module is used to make decisions on snow accumulation prevention strategies and to control the first snow guiding module, the snow blocking module, the snow filtering module, the second snow guiding module, the snow gathering module, and the snow melting module.

[0009] Furthermore, the first snow guide module includes a deflector plate and a lifting mechanism. An installation groove is provided on the upstream side of the ventilation window of the equipment compartment. The deflector plate is located at the position of the installation groove, and the lifting mechanism is located inside the installation groove. The telescopic end of the lifting mechanism is directly or indirectly connected to the deflector plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the snow-blocking module includes a first grille, which is adjustable at different angles.

[0011] Furthermore, the filter screen includes a first filter screen, a second filter screen, and a third filter screen, with the pore sizes of the first filter screen, the second filter screen, and the third filter screen decreasing sequentially. The first filter screen is used to intercept large-sized snow particles, ice crystals, and foreign objects. The second filter screen bears the main snow load and intercepts medium-sized snow particles. The third filter screen is used to block fine snow dust.

[0012] Furthermore, the second snow guide module includes a second grille, which is adjustable at different angles.

[0013] Furthermore, the snow-gathering module includes multiple arrayed, openable exhaust holes, which are densely distributed in the snow-gathering area.

[0014] Furthermore, the snow melting module includes a second heating unit, which is arranged around the snow-gathering area, and the snow-gathering area is coated with a hydrophobic coating.

[0015] Furthermore, the drainage module includes a water collection trough and a main drainage ditch. The water collection trough is located at or below the lowest point of the snow collection area. The bottom of the water collection trough has a continuous slope, and the lowest point of the water collection trough is connected to the main drainage ditch. The end of the main drainage ditch is equipped with a duckbill-type one-way windproof drip device.

[0016] Furthermore, the detection module includes a snow flux sensor, a first snow concentration camera, a second snow concentration camera, and a temperature sensor; the snow flux sensor and the first snow concentration camera are used to detect the snow flux and snow concentration outside the train, respectively, and the second snow concentration camera and the temperature sensor are used to detect the snow concentration and temperature inside the equipment compartment, respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, snow flux is defined as follows: low snow flux is less than 0.5 mm / h, moderate snow flux is 0.5~1.5 mm / h, and high snow flux is greater than 1.5 mm / h; snow concentration is defined as: low snow concentration is less than 0.1 g / m³. 3 The snow concentration is 0.1~0.5 g / m³. 3 The high snow concentration is greater than 0.5 g / m³. 3 The condition that simultaneously satisfies low snow flux and low snow concentration is defined as light snow condition, the condition that simultaneously satisfies high snow flux and high snow concentration is defined as heavy snow condition, and other conditions are defined as moderate snow condition.

[0018] The above-described solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The shift from "fixed passive protection" to "adaptive control based on snow transport status" significantly improves the adaptability of snow accumulation prevention: the guide angle, grid structure and protection method in the existing technology are usually fixed or have few adjustable levels, which cannot be dynamically adjusted with changes in external snow flux, snow concentration and operating conditions. In light snow conditions, ventilation redundancy is easily restricted, and in heavy snow conditions, it is difficult to effectively suppress snow entry. The present invention, through the setting of the detection module, can obtain the external snow transport status parameters in real time, and control the corresponding modules accordingly. This enables the snow prevention strategy to automatically switch with the snow intensity level (light snow / medium snow / heavy snow), realizes the fine adaptation to different wind and snow conditions, and significantly improves the stability and reliability of the system in complex environments.

[0020] The technology has been upgraded from "single-point blocking or melting" to "full-cycle management of snow particles," systematically reducing the risk of snow accumulation and re-icing inside the equipment compartment. Existing technologies mostly focus on blocking snow at the equipment compartment windows or local heating to melt snow. They lack effective management methods for snow particles that have already entered the equipment compartment, which easily leads to disordered accumulation, meltwater retention, and re-icing inside the compartment. This invention controls the entire process of snow particles from entering the equipment compartment to being discharged by constructing a complete chain of snow guiding, snow blocking, snow interception, flow guiding, snow accumulation, snow melting, and drainage. Specifically, through structural guidance and directional snow melting, snow particles are centrally processed and discharged in a timely manner inside the equipment compartment, avoiding random snow accumulation and local low-temperature refreezing, thus eliminating the problem of repeated icing inside the equipment compartment from a mechanistic perspective.

[0021] It significantly reduces the reliance on high-power continuous electric heating and improves energy consumption and operating economy: In the existing technology, heating wires or heating films are usually used as the main means of preventing snow accumulation. They need to be turned on for a long time under low temperature or snowfall conditions, which consumes a lot of energy and puts high demands on the power supply system. This invention mainly uses external snow guiding and snow blocking, supplemented by internal local low-power snow melting. Heating is only started in areas where snow particles have accumulated and there is a risk of freezing. The heating objects are concentrated and the heating time is controllable. In this way, while achieving the same or even higher snow accumulation prevention effect, the overall heating area and heating time are significantly reduced, the system operating energy consumption is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

[0022] By employing a graded composite filter structure, clogging is delayed while maintaining ventilation performance: Existing single-layer metal filters are prone to rapid clogging under moderate to heavy snow conditions, leading to a sharp decline in ventilation capacity, affecting heat dissipation in the equipment compartment, and increasing maintenance frequency. This invention uses a composite filter structure consisting of a coarse filter layer, a medium filter layer, and a fine filter layer. Through particle size classification and load dispersion, snow particles are gradually intercepted at different levels, thereby significantly delaying the overall clogging time of the filter. While ensuring snow protection, it maintains effective ventilation for a longer period of time, improving the safety margin of equipment compartment operation.

[0023] Naturally adapted to the bidirectional operation of high-speed trains, reducing structural redundancy: Existing snow protection solutions are mostly designed for a single direction of flow, resulting in inconsistent protection effects when trains are running in both directions, and even requiring additional structural compensation. This invention, through symmetrically arranged corresponding modules, enables the system to automatically adjust its working state according to the direction of train operation, achieving bidirectional equivalent protection without increasing additional structural complexity, thus improving the system's versatility and engineering adaptability.

[0024] Other beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the external module of the equipment compartment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment of the first snow guiding module of the present invention, wherein (a) corresponds to heavy snow condition, (b) corresponds to moderate snow condition, and (c) corresponds to light snow condition;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the snow blocking module adjustment of the present invention, wherein (a) corresponds to light snow condition, (b) corresponds to moderate snow condition, (c) corresponds to heavy snow condition, and (d) corresponds to train reverse operation condition.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal modules of the equipment compartment of the present invention.

[0030] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0031] 10-First snow guiding module; 11-Guide plate; 12-Lifting mechanism; 20-Snow blocking module; 30-Snow filtering module; 31-First filter screen; 32-Second filter screen; 33-Third filter screen; 40-Second snow guiding module; 50-Snow gathering module; 60-Snow melting module; 70-Drainage module; 80-Detection module; 81-Snow flux sensor; 82-First snow concentration camera; 83-Second snow concentration camera; 84-Temperature sensor; 90-Central control and decision-making module. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical problems, solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, a detailed description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a locking connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a snow and ice prevention system for train equipment compartment area with wind and snow transport characteristics regulation. The system includes multiple modules located outside the equipment compartment and multiple modules located inside the equipment compartment, as well as a detection module 80 and a central control and decision-making module 90. The multiple modules located outside the equipment compartment include a first snow guiding module 10, a snow blocking module 20, and a snow filtering module 30, which are used to prevent snow particles in the airflow from entering the equipment compartment as much as possible. The multiple modules located inside the equipment compartment include a second snow guiding module 40, a snow gathering module 50, a snow melting module 60, and a drainage module 70, which are used to guide, gather, melt, and discharge snow particles entering the equipment compartment, preventing the formation of snow accumulation, water accumulation, and secondary icing inside the equipment compartment.

[0036] At the same time, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the first snow guiding module 10 is used to actively intervene in the wind and snow flow field near the equipment compartment, including a deflector plate 11 and a lifting mechanism 12. An installation groove for the deflector plate 11 is provided upstream of the ventilation window of the equipment compartment. The deflector plate 11 is positioned in the installation groove and can be completely submerged within it. The lifting mechanism 12 is located inside the installation groove. The lifting mechanism 12 can use a linear mechanism, such as an electric actuator, as its power source. The telescopic end of the lifting mechanism 12 can be directly hinged to the deflector plate 11 or hinged to a connecting rod, which is also hinged to the deflector plate. Therefore, the lifting mechanism 12 enables the deflector plate 11 to tilt and extend, and its angle can be continuously adjusted within a certain range.

[0037] In snowless conditions, the deflector 11 is in a retracted state, meaning it is completely submerged in the mounting groove, with its outer surface flush with the side wall of the equipment compartment. This reduces aerodynamic drag and suppresses low-pressure vortices. In snowy conditions, the deflector 11 is raised to a preset angle via the lifting mechanism 12. For example, it is raised to 10° in light snow, 20° in moderate snow, and 30° in heavy snow. This alters the local shape of the equipment compartment, guiding the snow and wind flow away from the ventilation windows, thus weakening the tendency of snow particles to be transported into the equipment compartment from the source. Furthermore, considering the bidirectional operation requirements of high-speed trains, the first snow-guiding module 10 can be arranged in pairs on the upstream and downstream sides of the equipment compartment ventilation windows. The lifting mechanism 12 enables it to deploy on the windward side and retract on the leeward side, adapting to different operating directions of the high-speed train.

[0038] At the same time, such as Figure 4 As shown, the snow-blocking module 20 is located on the outside of the ventilation window and includes a movable first grille, similar in principle to a louver. Therefore, when the snow-blocking module 20 is open, it can effectively ventilate and dissipate heat; when completely closed, it can prevent snow from entering. Different angles of the first grille can be adjusted to cope with different operating conditions (weather conditions). For example, in snowless or light snow conditions, the first grille can be adjusted between 60° and 90°; in heavy snow conditions, it can be adjusted between 60° and 90°; and in extreme conditions, it can be adjusted between 0° and 30° or even actively closed to prevent snow from entering. Similarly, considering the bidirectional operation requirements of high-speed trains, the adjustable angle range of the first grille also includes 90° to 180° to accommodate bidirectional operation.

[0039] In this embodiment, the snow filtering module 30 is located at the ventilation window and inside the snow blocking module 20. The snow filtering module 30 includes multiple layers of filters with different pore sizes, gradually decreasing from the outside to the inside, achieving gradient interception and load distribution of snow particles, maximizing the overall clogging time of the filters, and balancing low airflow resistance and high reliability. For example, the filters consist of a first filter 31, a second filter 32, and a third filter 33, with the first filter 31 having the largest pore size, the second filter 32 the second largest, and the third filter 33 the smallest. The first filter 31 uses a diamond-shaped mesh with pore sizes of 8-10 mm, used to intercept large snow particles, ice crystals, and other foreign objects, protecting the inner filter from large particle impact and rapid clogging. The second filter 32 uses a square mesh with a smooth surface that does not easily trap snow, and pore sizes of 3-5 mm, bearing the main snow load and intercepting medium-sized snow particles, which are the most abundant part of the snow. The third filter 33 is made of flexible polymer non-woven fabric composite material, avoiding frictional damage to the metal frame caused by vibration and thermal expansion and contraction. It also minimizes the risk of collision with equipment inside the equipment compartment. Its equivalent pore size is 1-2 mm, large enough to block most fine snow and dust particles, while maintaining acceptable airflow resistance. Furthermore, this filter is relatively inexpensive and can be designed as a modular replacement for periodic maintenance. Therefore, the combination of the first filter 31, the second filter 32, and the third filter 33 achieves the aforementioned gradient interception and load distribution of snow particles, maximizing the overall filter clogging time while maintaining low airflow resistance and high reliability.

[0040] In addition, the snow filtering module 30 may also include a first heating unit. The first heating unit heats the filter screen by means of resistance heating, etc. At the same time, based on the setting of the central control and decision module 90, the first heating unit can be controlled to start heating for a controllable time under medium snow and heavy snow conditions, which can effectively alleviate the problem of filter screen clogging and cleaning, and can also balance heating energy consumption well. Compared with heating strategies that cannot be controlled according to environmental conditions, it is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0041] At the same time, such as Figure 5 As shown, the second snow guiding module 40 includes a second grille, which is positioned at the ventilation window and close to the interior of the equipment compartment. The second grille is horizontally arranged and can form a cross grille with the first grille, creating a simple snow maze to effectively prevent snow from affecting the equipment on top of the equipment compartment (the equipment inside the compartment is typically located on the top). The second grille also features a movable connection; under normal operating conditions, it lies flat, and under extreme conditions, its angle can be adjusted between 0 and 45°. For example, when the second grille is adjusted to 45°, it can guide the snow flow towards the snow collection area at the bottom of the equipment compartment, further preventing snow from entering the equipment area.

[0042] In this embodiment, the snow-gathering module 50 includes multiple arrayed, openable vent holes. These vent holes are located in the snow-gathering area. When opened, due to the high speed of the train, the vent holes guide airflow into and out of the equipment compartment, creating negative pressure in the snow-gathering area within the equipment compartment. Under this pressure, surrounding snow particles move towards the vent holes and accumulate in the snow-gathering area. Therefore, the module can periodically open after snow particles enter the equipment compartment, concentrating the accumulated snow inside the compartment into a small area. For example, in the figure, the vent holes are arranged in a rectangular array and concentrated in several rectangular areas at the bottom of the equipment compartment.

[0043] In this embodiment, the snow melting module 60 includes a second heating unit, which is arranged around the snow-gathering area and also employs resistance heating or similar methods. The second heating unit can be a low-power heating unit, which only needs to heat the temperature near the snow-gathering area to above zero degrees Celsius (adjusted according to the actual melting point) to melt the snow particles into water and prevent secondary freezing. Simultaneously, the snow-gathering area is coated with a hydrophobic coating, which guides water particles towards the drainage module 70.

[0044] In this embodiment, the drainage module 70 includes a water collection trough and a main drainage ditch. The water collection trough is located at or below the lowest point of the snow collection area, and its direction is aligned with the hydrophobic coating of the snow collection area, allowing water particles to fall directly into the water collection trough under the influence of gravity and hydrophobic guidance. The bottom of the water collection trough has a continuous slope (e.g., inclined along one side of the train's longitudinal or transverse direction) to allow water to flow naturally into the main drainage ditch. A duckbill-type one-way windproof drip device is installed at the end of the main drainage ditch to allow water to drain from the equipment compartment while suppressing high-speed airflow from the equipment compartment from flowing back into the equipment compartment through the drain outlet, thus avoiding "backflow" caused by tunnel pressure waves or transient negative pressure.

[0045] Therefore, the arrangement of various modules within the equipment compartment forms a chain process of snow guiding, snow gathering, snow melting, and drainage. This ensures that snow particles do not accumulate randomly within the equipment compartment, fundamentally eliminating the risk of equipment failure caused by snow melting and refreezing. It should also be noted that, in addition to the aforementioned first snow guiding module 10, snow blocking module 20, and snow filtering module 30 being bidirectionally arranged, the second snow guiding module 40, snow gathering module 50, snow melting module 60, and snow melting module 70 can also be symmetrically arranged based on the two ventilation windows of the equipment compartment to similarly meet the bidirectional operation requirements of the train.

[0046] In this embodiment, the detection module 80 uses multi-source sensors to perceive the environmental conditions of the equipment compartment area, such as wind, snow, temperature, and humidity, in real time, and feeds this information back to the central control and decision-making module 90. The central control and decision-making module 90, in conjunction with the train's operating conditions, coordinates and regulates the various modules to achieve proactive management of snow particles throughout their entire lifecycle, from before they enter the equipment compartment to when they are completely expelled. Specifically, the detection module 80 includes a snow flux sensor 81 located upstream of the deflector 11, a first snow concentration camera 82 located outside the equipment compartment, a second snow concentration camera 83 located inside the equipment compartment near the ventilation window, and a temperature sensor 84 located inside the equipment compartment near the snow accumulation area.

[0047] Snow flux sensor 81 and first snow concentration camera 82 detect and assess the external environment of the train. Snow flux is defined as follows (example; specific settings can be modified according to actual conditions): low snow flux is less than 0.5 mm / h, medium snow flux is 0.5~1.5 mm / h, and high snow flux is greater than 1.5 mm / h; snow concentration is defined as follows (example; specific settings can be modified according to actual conditions): low snow concentration is less than 0.1 g / m³. 3 The snow concentration is 0.1~0.5 g / m³. 3 The high snow concentration is greater than 0.5 g / m³. 3 This leads to a specific judgment of the external environment (for example, specific settings can be modified according to actual conditions): the condition that simultaneously satisfies low snow flux and low snow concentration is defined as light snow condition; the condition that simultaneously satisfies high snow flux and high snow concentration is defined as heavy snow condition; other conditions are defined as moderate snow condition. All conditions mentioned above meet this condition. Based on the specific judgment of the external environment, the central control and decision module 90 adjusts the angle of the guide vane 11, the angle of the first grille, and the start / stop of the first heating unit. The second snow concentration camera 83 and the temperature sensor 84 are used to detect and evaluate the internal environment of the equipment compartment. Based on the specific judgment of the internal environment, the central control and decision module 90 adjusts the angle of the second grille, the start / stop of the second heating unit, and the opening and closing of the exhaust vents when they are set to open or close automatically. This approach breaks through the traditional passive snow-proofing mode that relies solely on fixed structures or single heating methods. It integrates the physical mechanism of wind and snow transport, variable geometry, and intelligent control strategies to achieve active-passive coordinated control of snow and ice prevention in the equipment compartment area of ​​high-speed trains. This is an adaptive snow and ice prevention control based on snow transport parameters, overcoming the problem that traditional solutions are difficult to self-adjust with changes in operating conditions.

[0048] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0049] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A snow and ice prevention system for train equipment compartment area with wind and snow transport characteristics regulation, characterized in that, It includes a first snow guiding module, a snow blocking module, and a snow filtering module installed outside the equipment compartment; a second snow guiding module, a snow gathering module, a snow melting module, and a drainage module installed inside the equipment compartment; and also includes a detection module and a central control and decision-making module. The first snow guiding module is located upstream of the ventilation window of the equipment compartment and is used to actively intervene in the wind and snow flow field near the equipment compartment; the snow blocking module is located outside the ventilation window and is used for ventilation and heat dissipation when open and to prevent snow from entering when completely closed; the snow filtering module is located in the ventilation window and inside the snow blocking module, and the snow filtering module includes multiple layers of filter screens, which are used for gradient interception and load distribution of snow particles. The second snow guiding module is located inside the ventilation window and is used to guide snow particles entering the equipment compartment to a snow gathering area inside the equipment compartment, the snow gathering area being located at the bottom of the equipment compartment; the snow gathering module is located in the snow gathering area and is used to create negative pressure in the snow gathering area, so that the surrounding snow particles accumulate in the snow gathering area; the snow melting module is used to heat the temperature of the snow gathering area to the melting temperature of the snow particles; the drainage module is used to collect the water from the melted snow particles and discharge it outside the equipment compartment; The detection module includes multiple sensors for detecting the external and internal environments of the equipment compartment and feeding the data back to the central control and decision-making module. The central control and decision-making module is used to make decisions on snow accumulation prevention strategies and to control the first snow guiding module, the snow blocking module, the snow filtering module, the second snow guiding module, the snow gathering module, and the snow melting module.

2. The anti-icing and snow-delay system for train equipment compartment area with wind and snow transport characteristics as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first snow guide module includes a deflector plate and a lifting mechanism. An installation groove is provided on the upstream side of the ventilation window of the equipment compartment. The deflector plate is located at the position of the installation groove. The lifting mechanism is located inside the installation groove. The telescopic end of the lifting mechanism is directly or indirectly connected to the deflector plate.

3. The train equipment compartment anti-icing and snow-delay system for regulating wind and snow transport characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The snow-blocking module includes a first grille, which can be adjusted to different angles.

4. The train equipment compartment anti-icing and snow-delay system for regulating wind and snow transport characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter screen includes a first filter screen, a second filter screen, and a third filter screen, with the pore sizes of the first filter screen, the second filter screen, and the third filter screen decreasing sequentially. The first filter screen is used to intercept large snow particles, ice crystals, and foreign objects. The second filter screen bears the main snow load and intercepts medium-sized snow particles. The third filter screen is used to block fine snow dust.

5. The train equipment compartment anti-icing and snow-carrying system for regulating wind and snow transport characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second snow guide module includes a second grille, which can be adjusted to different angles.

6. The train equipment compartment anti-icing system for regulating wind and snow transport characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The snow-gathering module includes multiple arrayed, openable exhaust holes, which are densely distributed in the snow-gathering area.

7. The train equipment compartment anti-icing and snow-delay system for regulating wind and snow transport characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The snow melting module includes a second heating unit, which is arranged around the snow-gathering area, and the snow-gathering area is coated with a hydrophobic coating.

8. The train equipment compartment anti-icing and snow-carrying system for regulating wind and snow transport characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage module includes a water collection trough and a main drainage ditch. The water collection trough is located at or below the lowest point of the snow collection area. The bottom of the water collection trough has a continuous slope, and the lowest point of the water collection trough is connected to the main drainage ditch. The end of the main drainage ditch is equipped with a duckbill-type one-way windproof drip device.

9. The train equipment compartment anti-icing and snow-delay system for regulating wind and snow transport characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module includes a snow flux sensor, a first snow concentration camera, a second snow concentration camera, and a temperature sensor; the snow flux sensor and the first snow concentration camera are used to detect the snow flux and snow concentration outside the train, respectively, and the second snow concentration camera and the temperature sensor are used to detect the snow concentration and temperature inside the equipment compartment, respectively.

10. The train equipment compartment anti-icing and snow-delay system for regulating wind and snow transport characteristics according to claim 9, characterized in that, Snow flux is defined as follows: low snow flux is less than 0.5 mm / h, moderate snow flux is 0.5~1.5 mm / h, and high snow flux is greater than 1.5 mm / h; snow concentration is defined as: low snow concentration is less than 0.1 g / m³. 3 The snow concentration is 0.1~0.5 g / m³. 3 The high snow concentration is greater than 0.5 g / m³. 3 The condition that simultaneously satisfies low snow flux and low snow concentration is defined as light snow condition, the condition that simultaneously satisfies high snow flux and high snow concentration is defined as heavy snow condition, and other conditions are defined as moderate snow condition.

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