Peanut calcium fertilizer for improving peanut yield and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a peanut calcium fertilizer for increasing the yield of peanuts and application of the peanut calcium fertilizer. According to the method, the calcium source of the soil is fully excavated by applying the calcium fertilizer, the requirement of the peanuts for calcium is met, the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are combined, the strategy of the bacterial fertilizer can be properly matched, the organic fertilizer is properly and deeply applied, the calcium in the soil is effectively activated, and the availability and timeliness of the calcium in the soil are improved. The pH value of the acid soil needs to be increased firstly, and then nutritional ingredients need to be supplemented, so that alkaline fertilizer is used as a main material, inorganic fertilizer-organic fertilizer-microbial fertilizer is applied in a combined manner, and calcium fertilizer is additionally applied and is applied in a combined manner with organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer to improve the activation of calcium in the acid soil. An acidic inorganic fertilizer and an acidic organic fertilizer are applied to alkaline soil, so that the pH value of the soil is reduced, and calcium ions in the soil are activated through calcium sulfate and the acidic organic fertilizer. By applying the peanut calcium fertilizer, dry matter accumulation of plants can be promoted, the number of full fruits of a single plant and the weight of hundred fruits are increased, and then the yield of peanuts is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural production technology, and specifically relates to a peanut calcium fertilizer for increasing peanut yield and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Among major oil-producing crops, peanuts have the highest oil yield per unit area. Therefore, developing the peanut industry is of great significance for replacing (partially) soybean imports and ensuring my country's edible oil supply security. Due to their drought-resistant and barren-tolerant characteristics, peanuts are mostly planted in hilly drylands and sandy areas along rivers. Drought, acidification, and salinity are the main factors limiting peanut yield increases. Among these, insufficient exchangeable calcium in the soil, leading to empty pods and poor stress resistance, is one of the key factors limiting peanut yield increases. However, in current peanut production, the application of different types of calcium fertilizers and organic fertilizers is minimal or nonexistent. This has continuously reduced the content of exchangeable calcium in the soil, and the unbalanced fertilization has altered the soil nutrient structure, causing soil compaction and other problems. Solid calcium cannot be activated and released, seriously affecting the absorption and utilization of calcium by peanuts. Therefore, increasing the available calcium content in the soil is an important way to increase peanut yield.

[0003] Calcium fertilizer plays a crucial role in peanut plant development and yield formation. While the application of calcium fertilizer is emphasized in American peanut production, Chinese peanut fertilization focuses excessively on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, which significantly increase yield, neglecting calcium as a macronutrient. For calcium-deficient soils, applying different types of calcium fertilizer can increase peanut yield. Currently, there is a lack of criteria for determining the critical value of calcium deficiency in peanut soils in China. Calcium fertilizer application techniques are relatively extensive, calcium fertilizer products are scarce, and there is a lack of supporting key technologies for calcium fertilizer regulation that address peanut yield composition, root nodule nitrogen fixation enhancement, and efficient calcium nutrient utilization. Therefore, research on efficient calcium nutrient utilization regulation technologies for peanuts, calcium-nitrogen synergistic peanut yield enhancement technologies, and the development of key technologies for efficient calcium nutrient utilization and regulation are of great significance for ensuring high peanut yields and stable yields under stress. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a peanut calcium fertilizer for increasing peanut yield and its application. This invention provides calcium fertilizers for different soil types (acidic soil, alkaline soil), and further clarifies the type of calcium fertilizer, key application periods, and application amounts. It establishes a key technology system for the efficient utilization and regulation of calcium fertilizer, aiming to "activate soil calcium ions, promote root morphological development, strengthen individual plants, improve pod fullness, and enhance calcium and nitrogen use efficiency."

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: This invention provides a peanut calcium fertilizer for improving the utilization of calcium in soil. The calcium fertilizer includes a base fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer. The base fertilizer includes soybean meal, straw, surfactant, adjuvants, and nutrients. The calcium content in the peanut calcium fertilizer is 200 kg / hm². 2 ~600 kg / hm 2 The nitrogen addition rate is 150~225 kg / hm. 2 .

[0006] Furthermore, for acidic soils, alkaline fertilizers are applied to increase the pH, and the amount of calcium added to the peanut calcium fertilizer is 300 kg / hm². 2 .

[0007] Furthermore, for alkaline soils, acidic fertilizers are applied to lower the pH, and the amount of calcium added to the peanut calcium fertilizer is 600 kg / hm². 2 .

[0008] Furthermore, the surfactant includes one or more of Tween 80, dodecyl betaine, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

[0009] Furthermore, the nutrient agent includes at least one of potassium pyrophosphate trihydrate, potassium sulfate, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, and ammonium molybdate monohydrate.

[0010] Furthermore, the nitrogen content in the peanut calcium fertilizer is 75 kg / hm². 2 .

[0011] This invention also provides the application of the peanut calcium fertilizer in activating calcium in soil and increasing peanut yield.

[0012] Furthermore, applying nitrogen fertilizer during the pegging stage of peanut growth can increase the number of root nodules and fresh weight during the pod-setting stage, promote the accumulation of dry matter in the plant, increase the number of full pods per plant, and increase the weight of 100 pods.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages and effects of this invention are as follows: Based on soil characteristics and fertilizer properties, this invention fully taps into the soil's calcium source through fertilization techniques to meet the calcium requirements of peanuts. It employs a strategy combining organic and inorganic fertilizers, supplemented with microbial fertilizers, with the organic fertilizer applied at appropriate depths. This efficient fertilization effectively activates calcium in the soil, improving its availability and timeliness.

[0014] The technical solution provided by this invention offers technical support for high-yield peanut production in acidic, calcium-deficient soils in my country. It can promote the sustainable use of arable land and play a vital role in ensuring my country's food and oil security, increasing agricultural efficiency, and raising farmers' incomes. The calcium ion activation technology and calcium fertilizer application technology provided by this invention provide technical support for green and efficient peanut production in our province and nationwide, playing a vital role in ensuring our province's food and oil security, increasing agricultural efficiency, raising farmers' incomes, and promoting the sustainable use of arable land and sustainable agricultural development. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples described.

[0016] Example 1 This invention identifies calcium fertilizers that can improve calcium utilization in soil through the following steps: (1) Determination of the calcium deficiency threshold in peanut soil: For low-calcium soil, an experiment was conducted on the response of peanut to pod formation under low-calcium environment and the law of calcium ion absorption and transport. (2) By studying the mechanism of calcium-nitrogen interaction on peanut “strengthening source and expanding reservoir” and “increasing fruit and strengthening seed”: the interaction between calcium and nitrogen fertilizers was studied on the effects of peanut root morphology and spatial configuration, root nodule nitrogen fixation, nutrient efficiency utilization, yield formation and quality. Using 'Huayu 25' as the experimental material, five nitrogen fertilizer levels with different calcium fertilizer combinations were set up to study the effects of increasing calcium and reducing nitrogen on peanut yield and quality.

[0017] This invention sets 0 and 600 kg hm respectively. -2 Two calcium fertilizer levels (Ca0, Ca600): 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg / hm². -2 Five nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0, N75, N150, N225, N300) were used to study the effects of calcium and nitrogen reduction on peanut dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, yield and its components in different experimental plots.

[0018] Experimental results showed that, compared with Ca0, the dry matter accumulation of peanuts under Ca600 conditions was significantly increased, with the varieties Jiyang (JY) and Yinmaquan (YMQ) increasing by 13.5% and 12.6%, respectively. Compared with N0, the dry matter accumulation of peanut plants under various nitrogen application treatments in Jiyang (JY) increased by 12.8%, 17.7%, 26.3%, and 21.0%, respectively, while that in Yinmaquan (YMQ) increased by 16.7%, 28.4%, 24.9%, and 22.9%, respectively. The dynamic curves of peanut dry matter and nitrogen absorption and accumulation both conformed to the Logistic model. The maximum nitrogen accumulation of peanut plants in Jiyang and Yinmaquan (JY and YMQ) was [not specified in the original text]. Ym) were obtained under Ca600N225 and Ca600N150 treatments, respectively. Compared with the average value, the maximum nitrogen accumulation rate of peanut plants (m) V The nitrogen accumulation rate (m) increased by 16.4% and 12.6% respectively, the maximum accumulation increased by 14.9% and 13.7% respectively, and the rapid accumulation duration (T) was extended by 2.3% and 3.1% respectively; the onset period of rapid nitrogen accumulation (m) was also extended. t 1) The accumulation of dry matter was advanced by 7.5 days and 9.4 days, respectively. The peanut pod yield was significantly higher in the Jiyang Ca600N225 and Yinmaquan Ca600N150 / Ca600N225 treatments than in other treatments. The calcium-nitrogen interaction effect had a significant impact on peanut yield. Increased calcium fertilizer application is an important way to improve nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, increase the number of peanut pods and the weight of 100 pods, and promote stable and high yields.

[0019] This invention clarifies the effects of calcium and nitrogen fertilizer application rates on peanut dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and yield through experiments. The experiments determined that the optimal fertilization scheme for reducing fertilizer use, stabilizing yield, and increasing efficiency in this embodiment is 600 kg / hm² of calcium fertilizer. 2 + Nitrogen fertilizer 75 kg / hm 2 The optimal fertilization scheme for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation is 600 kg / hm² of calcium fertilizer. 2 + Nitrogen fertilizer 150~225 kg / hm 2 . Example 2

[0020] This invention uses 'Huayu 25' as material to study the effects of combined nitrogen and calcium application on peanut root growth. The results show that, under the same high nitrogen fertilizer conditions, increased calcium fertilizer application (calcium addition amount 600 kg / hm²) significantly improved root growth. 2 The treatment increased root biomass by 25% compared to the basal fertilizer, significantly promoting root growth and development. Furthermore, the increased application of calcium fertilizer improved nitrogen and calcium accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency in various organs, significantly enhancing the agronomical efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in peanuts. This indicates that reducing nitrogen and increasing calcium, combined with nitrogen management strategies, can improve nitrogen utilization in peanuts. Considering root morphology, nitrogen and calcium absorption, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, increasing calcium fertilizer application is beneficial for both increasing peanut yield and achieving the goal of reducing nitrogen fertilizer application.

[0021] This invention, while reducing nitrogen fertilizer input, changes the fertilization method by using calcium fertilizer as base fertilizer and then applying nitrogen fertilizer during the flowering and pegging stage. This can increase the number of root nodules and fresh weight of peanuts during the pod-setting stage, improve the carbon and nitrogen metabolism level in the middle and late stages of peanut growth, promote the accumulation of dry matter in the plant, increase the number of full pods per plant and the weight of 100 pods, and ultimately increase peanut yield.

[0022] The technical solution of this invention, based on soil characteristics and fertilizer properties, fully taps into the soil's calcium source through fertilization techniques to meet the calcium requirements of peanuts. It employs a strategy combining organic and inorganic fertilizers, along with microbial fertilizers. Appropriate deep application of organic fertilizer effectively activates calcium in the soil, improving its availability and timeliness. In acidic soils, the pH must first be increased, followed by nutrient supplementation. Therefore, alkaline fertilizers are the primary choice, with inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, and slaked lime applied in combination. Increased application of calcium fertilizer, combined with organic and microbial fertilizers, enhances calcium activation in acidic soils. In alkaline soils, acidic inorganic fertilizers are applied in combination with acidic organic fertilizers to lower the soil pH. Calcium sulfate and acidic organic fertilizers then activate calcium ions in the soil.

[0023] The above examples only represent the technical solutions of this invention and are not intended to limit the experiments. Although we have improved the experimental scheme, researchers in the same field can still further improve the experimental scheme described above or make scientifically equivalent substitutions for the experimental steps. These changes do not cause the substance of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions claimed in this invention.

Claims

1. A peanut calcium fertilizer for increasing peanut yield, characterized in that, The calcium fertilizer includes a base fertilizer and a calcium fertilizer. The base fertilizer includes soybean meal, straw, surfactants, adjuvants, and nutrients. The calcium content in the peanut calcium fertilizer is 200 kg / hm². 2 ~600 kg / hm 2 The nitrogen addition rate is 150~225 kg / hm. 2 .

2. The peanut calcium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, For acidic soils, alkaline fertilizers are applied to raise the pH, and the calcium content in the peanut calcium fertilizer is 300 kg / hm². 2 .

3. The peanut calcium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, For alkaline soils, acidic fertilizers are applied to lower the pH, and the calcium content in the peanut calcium fertilizer is 600 kg / hm². 2 .

4. The peanut calcium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfactant includes one or more of Tween 80, dodecyl betaine, and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

5. The peanut calcium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutrient includes at least one of potassium pyrophosphate trihydrate, potassium sulfate, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, and ammonium molybdate monohydrate.

6. The peanut calcium fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen content in the peanut calcium fertilizer is 75 kg / hm². 2 .

7. The application of the peanut calcium fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-6 in activating calcium in the soil and increasing peanut yield.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, Applying nitrogen fertilizer during the flowering and pegging stage of peanut growth can increase the number of root nodules and fresh weight during the pod-setting stage, promote the accumulation of dry matter in the plant, increase the number of full pods per plant, and increase the weight of 100 pods.