Energy self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing heat storage carrier

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy utilization, in particular to an energy self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier, which comprises a combustion system, a heat exchange system, a drying system, a pyrolysis system and a collection circulation system, the combustion system comprises a gas hot-blast stove, and a carbon powder hot-blast stove and a carbon powder conveyor which are communicated with each other; the heat exchange system comprises a heat storage carrier heat exchanger; the drying system comprises a drying device; the gas hot-blast stove and the carbon powder hot-blast stove are sequentially communicated with the heat storage carrier heat exchanger and the drying device through flues; a heat exchange medium discharge pipe of the heat storage carrier heat exchanger is connected with a material discharge pipe of the drying device and then is communicated with the pyrolysis system; the collecting and circulating system comprises a gas-solid separator, a condenser, a gas tank, a collecting barrel and a lifter. According to the invention, the carbon powder hot blast stove combusts carbon powder to generate high-temperature flue gas to provide heat required by pyrolysis, so that the energy of the device is self-sustaining, the energy regeneration utilization rate is high, and the requirements of low-carbon, green and sustainable production are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of renewable energy utilization technology, and specifically relates to an energy-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device that utilizes a heat storage carrier. Background Technology

[0002] Thermochemical technologies for converting biomass and waste plastics into energy or chemicals mainly include combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and high-pressure liquefaction. Generally speaking, pyrolysis is one of the most promising technologies, capable of converting organic waste into efficient, clean, renewable fuels and chemical products, including gaseous fuels, liquid fuels, and solid carbon, under anaerobic or hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics can improve the quality and homogeneity of the pyrolysis products.

[0003] Biomass comprises a wide range of organic matter, mainly agricultural and forestry waste, such as wood, sawdust, and straw. When biomass is directly pyrolyzed, its high moisture content leads to reduced pyrolysis efficiency and the thermal economy of the equipment, resulting in resource waste. Furthermore, biomass accumulates during pyrolysis, causing uneven heat transfer, incomplete pyrolysis, and coking, all of which negatively impact pyrolysis efficiency and product quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention proposes an energy-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier. The objectives of this invention and the solutions to its technical problems are achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0005] According to the present invention, an energy-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier is proposed, comprising a combustion system, a heat exchange system, a drying system, a pyrolysis system, and a collection and circulation system; the combustion system includes a gas-fired hot air furnace, a carbon powder hot air furnace, and a carbon powder conveyor connected to each other; the heat exchange system includes a heat storage carrier heat exchanger; the drying system includes a drying device; the gas-fired hot air furnace and the carbon powder hot air furnace are connected sequentially to the heat storage carrier heat exchanger and the drying device through flues; the heat exchange medium discharge pipe of the heat storage carrier heat exchanger is connected to the material discharge pipe of the drying device and then connected to the pyrolysis... The system is interconnected; the collection and circulation system includes a gas-solid separator, a condenser, a gas tank, a collection bucket, and an elevator. The exhaust end of the pyrolysis system is connected to the gas-solid separator, and the discharge end is connected to the collection bucket. The top of the gas-solid separator is connected to the gas-fired hot air furnace via the condenser and the gas tank, and the bottom is connected to the collection bucket. The collection bucket is equipped with a sieve plate to divide the collection bucket into a retention chamber above the sieve plate and a collection chamber below the sieve plate. The bottom of the collection chamber is connected to the carbon powder conveyor via a three-way valve, and the side of the retention chamber is connected to the elevator. The discharge end of the elevator is connected to the top of the heat exchanger of the heat storage carrier via a pipeline.

[0006] Furthermore, the upper part of the toner conveyor is connected to the toner hot air furnace via a conveying pipe, and a pneumatic device is installed at the bottom. The pneumatic device includes a blower, and the main air pipe of the blower is connected to the toner conveyor via an air compressor pump. The main air pipe of the blower is equipped with two branch pipes. One branch pipe is connected to the carbon powder hot air furnace, and the other branch pipe is connected to the pipeline between the gas tank and the gas-fired hot air furnace.

[0007] Furthermore, the heat exchange medium discharge pipe of the heat storage carrier heat exchanger is sequentially equipped with a flow control valve and a feed pipe, and the material discharge pipe of the drying device is connected to a quantitative feeder, the discharge end of the quantitative feeder being connected to the feed pipe.

[0008] Furthermore, the drying device includes a hopper connected to the crushing device, and the inside of the hopper is equipped with a preheating pipe. The flue gas outlet of the preheating pipe is connected to the desulfurization tower.

[0009] Furthermore, the pyrolysis system includes a drum, inside which is a rotating shaft driven by a pyrolysis motor. The outer wall of the rotating shaft is provided with an inner spiral guide vane extending axially. The discharge end of the drum is connected to a collection bucket, and its top is also provided with an exhaust port.

[0010] Furthermore, the heat storage carrier heat exchanger includes heat exchange coils disposed inside and heat storage balls disposed inside the heat storage carrier heat exchanger.

[0011] Furthermore, another outlet of the three-way valve is connected to a recovery bin.

[0012] Furthermore, the sieve plate is provided with several straight holes at intervals, and the length of the straight holes decreases from the middle to both sides, with the length ranging from 50 to 100 mm and the width being 2 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, a sealing assembly is provided between the retention chamber and the elevator.

[0014] Furthermore, a bio-oil outlet is provided on the side wall of the condenser.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Carbon powder produced by pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics is used as fuel. The carbon powder is burned in a carbon powder hot air furnace to generate high-temperature flue gas to provide the heat required for pyrolysis. This achieves energy self-sufficiency of the device, eliminates the need for external fuel, has a high energy recycling rate, and is suitable for low-carbon, green, and sustainable production needs.

[0016] 2. By utilizing the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange with the regenerator, the biomass and plastic pellets are dried and preheated, reducing the internal moisture of the biomass, thereby improving pyrolysis efficiency and equipment economy, reducing resource waste, and realizing energy reuse.

[0017] 3. After the heat storage balls come into direct contact with biomass and plastic pellets, they flow in the pipeline. At the same time, the built-in spiral drum ensures that the two are fully mixed, which improves the heat transfer rate, contact area and pyrolysis uniformity between the two, thus achieving efficient pyrolysis. At the same time, it reduces heat loss and achieves the purpose of energy saving.

[0018] 4. Equipped with a collection tank with a sieve plate and an elevator, it enables the separation and recycling of heat storage balls, reducing pyrolysis costs.

[0019] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier, according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a sieve plate. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 A self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier includes a combustion system, a heat exchange system, a drying system, a pyrolysis system, and a collection and recycling system. The combustion system includes a gas-fired hot air furnace 1, a toner hot air furnace 2, and a toner conveyor 16. The upper part of the toner conveyor 16 is connected to the combustion chamber of the toner hot air furnace 2 via a conveying pipe, and a pneumatic device is installed at the bottom. The pneumatic device includes a blower 22. The main air pipe of the blower 22 is connected to the toner conveyor 16 via an air compressor pump 23 to drive the toner inside the toner conveyor 16 to the toner hot air furnace 2. At the same time, the main air pipe of the blower 22 is provided with two branch air pipes. One branch air pipe is connected to the combustion chamber of the toner hot air furnace 2, and the other branch air pipe is connected to the air inlet pipe of the gas-fired hot air furnace 1. Air valves 24 are provided on the main air pipe and the two branch air pipes to enhance combustion efficiency by inputting oxygen.

[0024] The heat exchange system includes a heat storage carrier heat exchanger 3. The gas-fired hot air furnace 1 and the carbon powder hot air furnace 2 are both connected to the heat storage carrier heat exchanger 3 through flues. The heat storage carrier heat exchanger 3 includes heat exchange coils installed inside (the heat exchange coils are connected to the flues used for heating by the gas-fired hot air furnace 1 and the carbon powder hot air furnace 2) and heat storage balls installed inside the heat storage carrier heat exchanger 3 (in this invention, the heat storage balls are ceramic balls, the main component of which is alumina, and the particle size is 5mm). Heat exchange is carried out through the heat exchange coils and the heat storage balls by radiation. A flow control valve 4 and a feed pipe are installed in sequence on the heat exchange medium discharge pipe (i.e., the heat storage ball discharge pipe) of the heat storage carrier heat exchanger 3. The drying system includes a drying device 5, which includes a hopper connected to the crushing device. The hopper is equipped with a preheating pipe (the preheating pipe is connected to the exhaust end of the heat exchange coil in the heat storage carrier heat exchanger 3 after heat exchange, and further utilizes the waste heat to preheat the hopper). The exhaust outlet 6 of the preheating pipe is connected to the desulfurization tower, and its material discharge pipe (i.e., the biomass and waste plastic pellet discharge pipe) is connected to a quantitative feeder 7 driven by a feeding motor 8. The discharge end of the quantitative feeder 7 is connected to the feed pipe. The flow rate of the heat storage ball is controlled by the flow control valve 4, and the quantitative feeder 7 quantitatively conveys biomass and waste plastic pellets, so that the two are mixed in the pipeline connected to the pyrolysis system at a corresponding mass ratio. The mass ratio is determined according to the production requirements (in this invention, the mass ratio between the two is 20:1) to achieve full and uniform heat transfer between the two, thereby achieving efficient pyrolysis.

[0025] The pyrolysis system includes a drum, inside which is a rotating shaft driven by a pyrolysis motor 10. The outer wall of the rotating shaft is provided with an inner spiral guide vane 9 extending axially. The discharge end of the drum is connected to a collection bucket 12, and the feed end is used to receive the pre-mixed heat storage balls, biomass and waste plastic particles so that the three are fully mixed and pyrolyzed through the guide vane. At the same time, the top of the drum is also provided with an exhaust port for discharging pyrolysis gas.

[0026] The collection and circulation system includes a gas-solid separator 11 (e.g., a cyclone separator), a condenser 19, a gas tank 21, a collection bucket 12, and an elevator 17 (e.g., a hoist) driven by a lifting motor 18. The exhaust end of the pyrolysis system (i.e., the exhaust end of the drum) is connected to the gas-solid separator 11, and the discharge end (solid discharge end) is connected to the collection bucket 12 and sealed (e.g., a rubber sealing ring is installed at the connection between the two). The top (gas discharge end) of the gas-solid separator 11 is connected to the gas-fired hot air furnace 1 via the condenser 19 (the side wall of the condenser 19 has a bio-oil outlet 20) and the gas tank 21, and the bottom is connected to the collection bucket 12 (the solid discharge pipe of the gas-solid separator 11 is connected to the collection bucket 12, and a rubber sealing ring is installed at the connection between the two). The collecting tank 12 is equipped with a sieve plate 13 to divide the collecting tank 12 into a retention chamber above the sieve plate 13 and a collecting chamber below the sieve plate 13. The sieve plate 13 is provided with a number of straight holes 14 at intervals, and the length of the straight holes 14 decreases from the middle to both sides to separate the powder and the heat storage balls. The length of the straight holes 14 is 50-100mm and the width is 2mm. The bottom of the collecting chamber is connected to the carbon powder conveyor 16 via a three-way valve 15. At the same time, the other outlet of the three-way valve 15 is connected to the recovery bin. The side of the retention chamber is connected to the elevator 17, and a sealing component is provided between the two (for example, the two are connected by a flange with a rubber seal). The discharge end of the elevator 17 is connected to the top of the heat storage carrier heat exchanger 3 via a pipe for the recovery and utilization of the heat storage balls.

[0027] Working process: When the device is started, pulverized coal is used as fuel to generate high-temperature flue gas in the carbon powder hot air furnace 2. The flue gas temperature is controlled at 800-900℃. Then the flue gas enters the heat storage carrier heat exchanger 3 through the pipeline and exchanges heat with the heat storage balls inside through the heat exchange coil, heating the heat storage balls to 600-700℃. At the same time, the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is about 200-300℃. After heat exchange, the low-temperature flue gas enters the preheating pipe of the drying device 5 to preheat the silo, thereby heating the biomass and waste plastic pellets inside. Then, the low-temperature flue gas is discharged through the flue gas outlet 6 and discharged into the atmosphere after being treated by the desulfurization tower. The flow rate of the heat exchanged heat storage ball is controlled by the flow control valve 4. At the same time, the dried biomass and waste plastic pellets are transported by the quantitative feeder 7. The two are mixed in the pipeline at a mass ratio of 20:1 and then enter the pyrolysis system. The inner spiral guide vane 9 inside the drum rotates to fully mix and pyrolyze the two and move forward. The pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis enters the gas-solid separator 11, while the pyrolyzed carbon powder and heat storage balls enter the collection tank 12. Small carbon powder particles separated in the gas-solid separator 11 fall into the collection tank 12 under gravity. Simultaneously, the pyrolysis gas enters the condenser 19 from the outlet of the gas-solid separator 11. After condensation, the non-condensable gases enter the gas tank 21 for storage, and the bio-oil is discharged and collected from the bio-oil outlet 20. The carbon powder and heat storage balls in the collection tank 12 are separated by the sieve plate 13, and the heat storage balls enter the elevator 17, where they are lifted and passed through... The carbon powder circulates through the pipeline into the heat exchanger 3 of the heat storage carrier; the carbon powder falls through the sieve plate 13 into the bottom of the collection bucket 12, controlled by the three-way valve 15. A certain amount of carbon powder enters the carbon powder conveyor 16, and the remaining carbon powder is discharged and collected through another channel. Air is introduced into the carbon powder conveyor 16 by the blower 22 and the air compressor pump 23, and is pneumatically conveyed to the carbon powder hot air furnace 2 to generate high-temperature flue gas. After the non-condensable gas is stored in the gas tank 21 to a certain amount, it is introduced into the gas-fired hot air furnace 1 for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas from both the gas-fired hot air furnace 1 and the carbon powder hot air furnace 2 is introduced into the heat exchanger 3 of the heat storage carrier.

[0028] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made by those skilled in the art to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention and based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier, characterized in that: It includes a combustion system, a heat exchange system, a drying system, a pyrolysis system, and a collection and circulation system; The combustion system includes a gas-fired hot air furnace (1), an interconnected carbon powder hot air furnace (2), and a carbon powder conveyor (16); the heat exchange system includes a heat storage carrier heat exchanger (3); and the drying system includes a drying device (5). Gas-fired hot air furnace (1) and carbon powder hot air furnace (2) are connected to heat storage carrier heat exchanger (3) and drying device (5) in sequence through flue. The heat exchange medium discharge pipe of heat storage carrier heat exchanger (3) is connected to the material discharge pipe of drying device (5) and then connected to the pyrolysis system. The collection and circulation system includes a gas-solid separator (11), a condenser (19), a gas tank (21), a collection bucket (12), and an elevator (17). The exhaust end of the pyrolysis system is connected to the gas-solid separator (11), and the discharge end is connected to the collection bucket (12). The top of the gas-solid separator (11) is connected to the gas-fired hot air furnace (1) via the condenser (19) and the gas tank (21), and the bottom is connected to the collection bucket (12). The collection bucket (12) is provided with a sieve plate (13) to divide the collection bucket (12) into a retention chamber above the sieve plate (13) and a collection chamber below it. The bottom of the collection chamber is connected to the carbon powder conveyor (16) via a three-way valve (15), and the side of the retention chamber is connected to the elevator (17). The discharge end of the elevator (17) is connected to the top of the heat storage carrier heat exchanger (3) via a pipeline.

2. The energy-self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the toner conveyor (16) is connected to the toner hot air furnace (2) through a conveying pipe, and a pneumatic device is installed at the bottom. The pneumatic device includes a blower (22), and the main air pipe of the blower (22) is connected to the toner conveyor (16) through an air compressor pump (23). The main air pipe of the blower (22) is equipped with two branch pipes. One branch pipe is connected to the carbon powder hot air furnace (2), and the other branch pipe is connected to the pipeline between the gas tank (21) and the gas-fired hot air furnace (1).

3. The energy-self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange medium discharge pipe of the heat storage carrier heat exchanger (3) is equipped with a flow control valve (4) and a feed pipe in sequence. The material discharge pipe of the drying device (5) is connected to a quantitative feeder (7), and the discharge end of the quantitative feeder (7) is connected to the feed pipe.

4. The energy-self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying device (5) includes a silo connected to the crushing device. The silo is equipped with a preheating pipe, and the flue gas outlet (6) of the preheating pipe is connected to the desulfurization tower.

5. The energy-self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis system includes a drum, inside which is a rotating shaft driven by a pyrolysis motor (10). The outer wall of the rotating shaft is provided with an inner spiral guide vane (9) extending axially. The discharge end of the drum is connected to a collection bucket (12), and its top is also provided with an exhaust port.

6. The energy-self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage carrier heat exchanger (3) includes a heat exchange coil installed inside and a heat storage ball installed inside the heat storage carrier heat exchanger (3).

7. The energy-self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other outlet of the three-way valve (15) is connected to a recovery bin.

8. The energy-self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sieve plate (13) is provided with several straight holes (14) at intervals, and the length of the straight holes (14) decreases from the middle to both sides, and the length ranges from 50 to 100 mm, and the width is 2 mm.

9. The energy-self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing assembly is provided between the retention chamber and the lifter (17).

10. The energy-self-sustaining biomass and waste plastic pyrolysis device utilizing a heat storage carrier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser (19) has a bio-oil outlet (20) on its side wall.

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