Water-rich soft rock roadway surrounding rock grouting reinforcement device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadway reinforcement, in particular to a water-rich soft rock roadway surrounding rock grouting reinforcement device and method. Comprising an anchor rod, the anchor rod is fixedly connected with a plurality of sets of shells which are distributed at intervals, each set of shells comprises a plurality of shells which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, extrusion blocks which are symmetrically distributed are slidably connected into the shells, spray heads are slidably connected into the shells, and the shells are slidably connected with connecting blocks which are symmetrically distributed; and a connecting rod is fixedly connected between two adjacent connecting blocks on two adjacent shells in different groups. The extrusion blocks abut against the sprayers, the probability that the sprayers are separated from the branch cracks is reduced, the adjacent sprayers are movably connected in series through the extrusion blocks, the connecting blocks and the connecting rods, the higher the water pressure in one branch crack in the roadway is, the more stable the adjacent corresponding sprayers on the anchor rod are inserted, the anchor rod is automatically locked in the roadway, and the safety of the roadway is improved. And the stability of the roadway after grouting reinforcement is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel reinforcement technology, and in particular to a grouting reinforcement device and method for water-rich soft rock tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] In underground engineering projects such as mines and tunnels, controlling the stability of the surrounding rock in water-rich soft rock tunnels is one of the key technical challenges. Grouting reinforcement is an effective means to improve the mechanical properties of such surrounding rock and seal water inflow. Currently, grouting anchors are commonly used to support and reinforce water-rich soft rock tunnels. This involves injecting grout into the anchors embedded in the surrounding rock, allowing it to penetrate into the numerous branch cracks in the rock mass. After the grout solidifies, the tunnel is reinforced.

[0003] However, in water-rich environments, the anchoring stability of existing grouting anchors faces a great challenge. After grouting is completed, if water accumulates in the branch cracks and the water pressure increases, it will cause the surrounding rock of the roadway to deform under pressure. The water flow will impact the solidified grout, which will cause the anchor to shift or even detach from the roadway, resulting in the failure of the support structure and affecting the stability of the roadway after grouting reinforcement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides a grouting reinforcement device and method for water-rich soft rock tunnels.

[0005] Technical Solution: A grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels includes an anchor bolt, which is fixedly connected to several sets of shells spaced apart. Each set of shells has several circumferentially evenly distributed extrusion blocks slidably connected inside the shells. The shells are provided with symmetrically distributed sliding grooves for sliding corresponding to the extrusion blocks. Sprayers are slidably connected inside the shells. The extrusion blocks and adjacent sprayers extrude against each other. The shells are slidably connected to symmetrically distributed connecting blocks. Adjacent connecting blocks on two adjacent sets of shells are connected by a connecting rod. When the extrusion block is flush with the adjacent connecting block, the extrusion block is used to extrude the adjacent connecting block to move, thereby driving the connecting rod to move.

[0006] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the connecting rod is made of an elastic material, which allows the connecting rod to deform and expand outward when the connecting block drives the connecting rod.

[0007] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the outer surface of the connecting rod is fixed with a plurality of spaced protrusions to increase the surface roughness of the connecting rod.

[0008] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the back sides of the symmetrically distributed extrusion blocks within the same housing are provided with inclined surfaces, which are used to extrude the adjacent connecting blocks when the extrusion blocks are not flush with the adjacent connecting blocks.

[0009] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the housing is fixedly connected to an elastic sleeve, the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to a movable ring, the movable ring is fixedly connected to a plurality of circumferentially uniformly distributed elastic sealing pieces, the nozzle is used to compress all the sealing pieces on adjacent movable rings, the nozzle is fixedly connected to symmetrically distributed hard blocks, the movable ring is fixedly connected to symmetrically distributed flexible blocks, and the hard blocks are used to compress adjacent flexible blocks.

[0010] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the moving ring has a plurality of sharp points evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0011] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the nozzle has a first channel communicating with the interior of the anchor rod, a chamber communicating with the first channel, and a second channel communicating with the chamber, wherein the second channel gradually slopes from one end near the chamber towards the adjacent extrusion block.

[0012] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the movable ring is provided with a first notch, and the sealing sheet located at the first notch is provided with a second notch, with the first notch communicating with the second notch.

[0013] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the anchor rod is provided with a plurality of through holes evenly distributed in the circumference, and a flexible plug is slidably connected inside the anchor rod. The flexible plug is used to control the opening and closing of the through holes, and an elastic element is fixedly connected between the flexible plug and the anchor rod.

[0014] A method for grouting and reinforcing the surrounding rock of a water-rich soft rock tunnel, based on the aforementioned grouting and reinforcing device for water-rich soft rock tunnels, comprises the following specific steps: Step 1: Insert the anchor bolt into the roadway, then inject grout into the anchor bolt. The grout squeezes the extrusion block to move, and the inclined surface of the extrusion block squeezes the connecting block to move, causing the connecting rod to deform under pressure. All the connecting rods open circumferentially and fit against the rock wall. At the same time, the extrusion block squeezes the nozzle, causing the nozzle to insert into the corresponding branch crack. The grout is injected into the branch crack through the nozzle. Step 2: When the nozzle is inserted into the branch crack, the nozzle moves all the sealing plates on it through the moving ring, pressing the sealing plates against the branch crack opening to block the branch crack opening, and the sharp part of the moving ring is inserted into the rock wall. Step 3: During the grouting process, the grout is injected into the branch cracks through the first channel, the chamber, and the second channel; Step 4: During the process of injecting grout into the branch crack, some of the water in the branch crack is discharged into the main crack where the anchor is located through the first and second gaps. After some grout is injected into the branch crack, the through hole is no longer blocked by the flexible plug. The grout flows into the rock wall and between the anchor through the through hole to grout the main crack. Step 5: After grouting is completed and the grout has solidified, if the water in the tunnel flows through the solidified grout and squeezes the nozzle, the nozzle will squeeze the squeezing block. The squeezing block will then hold the adjacent nozzles in place through multiple connecting blocks and connecting rods, so that the nozzles are stably inserted into the branch cracks. At the same time, the connecting rods will deform and stick to the rock wall.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention uses a squeezing block to hold the nozzle in place, reducing the probability of the nozzle detaching from the branch crack. Furthermore, by setting up squeezing blocks, connecting blocks, and connecting rods to connect the movement of adjacent nozzles in series, the greater the water pressure in one of the branch cracks in the roadway, the more stable the insertion of the corresponding nozzle on the anchor bolt, allowing the anchor bolt to automatically lock in the roadway, improving the stability after roadway grouting reinforcement. When the connecting rod has a tendency to move under pressure, the circumferential expansion of all connecting rods reduces the probability of anchor bolt displacement, thereby improving the stability after roadway grouting reinforcement. Multiple sealing plates protect the nozzle within the shell, reducing the risk of the nozzle entering the soft rock interior. To reduce the probability of blockage by impurities and ensure the stability of subsequent grouting, a sealing plate is used to seal the branch crack opening. The nozzle is then inserted into the branch crack opening in the soft rock to ensure the grouting pressure within the branch crack opening. This increases the injection density and volume of grout in the branch crack. Furthermore, the nozzle will prioritize injecting grout into the branch crack. After the pressure inside the branch crack rises, it will automatically open the through hole to inject grout from inside the main crack to the outside between the anchor and the rock wall. This reduces the probability that the pressure inside the branch crack will be too high due to priority grouting of the main crack, preventing the grout from entering the branch crack. This ensures the amount of grout in the branch crack and thus improves the strength of the soft rock tunnel after grouting. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the anchor rod of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the housing and connecting rod of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the housing of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded three-dimensional view of the housing and extrusion block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sharp part of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the flexible plug of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Anchor bolt, 2. Shell, 3. Extrusion block, 4. Slide groove, 5. Nozzle, 6. Connecting block, 7. Connecting rod, 8. Protrusion, 9. Inclined surface, 10. Elastic sleeve, 11. Moving ring, 12. Sealing plate, 13. Hard block, 14. Flexible block, 15. Sharp part, 16. First channel, 17. Chamber, 18. Second channel, 19. First notch, 20. Second notch, 21. Through hole, 22. Flexible plug, 23. Elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0019] Example 1 A grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels, such as Figures 1-5As shown, the device includes an anchor bolt 1. When using this device to grout and reinforce a roadway, the anchor bolt 1 is connected to the pipe of the grouting device. The grouting device is an existing structure and is not shown in the figure. The grouting device is used to inject grout into the anchor bolt 1. The anchor bolt 1 is fixed to several sets of shells 2 distributed at intervals. Each set of shells 2 has several circumferentially evenly distributed extrusion blocks 3. Two symmetrically distributed extrusion blocks 3 are slidably connected inside the shells 2. After the grout is injected into the anchor bolt 1, the grout extrudes the extrusion blocks 3 and moves them. The shells 2 are provided with symmetrically distributed grooves 4 for the corresponding extrusion blocks 3 to slide. The grooves 4 are L-shaped. In the slurry injection process, the extrusion block 3 moves vertically. Taking the upper extrusion block 3 as an example, the extrusion block 3 moves upward. The nozzle 5 is slidably connected inside the housing 2. In this embodiment, the spray channel inside the nozzle 5 is an existing structure. The extrusion block 3 and the adjacent nozzle 5 squeeze each other. Taking the upper extrusion block 3 as an example, when the extrusion block 3 is under pressure, the extrusion block 3 squeezes the nozzle 5 to move upward. When the nozzle 5 is squeezed by the water flow inside the external soft rock, the lower side of the extrusion block 3 is filled with slurry. The nozzle 5 squeezes the extrusion block 3. The position of the extrusion block 3 facing the nozzle 5 is provided with an inclined surface, which will cause the extrusion block 3 to move upward after being squeezed. The chute 4 moves laterally, and the shell 2 is slidably connected to two symmetrically distributed connecting blocks 6. Adjacent connecting blocks 6 on different sets of adjacent shells 2 are fixedly connected to a connecting rod 7. When the pressing block 3 is flush with the adjacent connecting block 6, if the pressing block 3 is pressed and moves laterally along the chute 4, the pressing block 3 presses the adjacent connecting block 6 to move, thereby driving the connecting rod 7 to move. This causes another corresponding connecting block 6 to be stressed, and the stressed connecting block 6 supports the adjacent nozzle 5, causing the nozzle 5 to press against the soft rock wall and insert into the rock wall. The connecting rod 7 is made of elastic material and is used to drive the connecting rod 7 between the connecting blocks 6. When the connecting rod 7 deforms and expands outward, it supports the rock wall through the circumferential opening of all the connecting rods 7. Several protrusions 8 are fixed to the outer side of the connecting rod 7 at intervals to increase the surface roughness of the connecting rod 7, thereby ensuring the stability of the device and improving the strength of the soft rock tunnel after reinforcement. The back side of the symmetrically distributed extrusion blocks 3 in the same shell 2 is provided with inclined surfaces 9. When the extrusion block 3 is not flush with the adjacent connecting block 6, the inclined surfaces 9 are used to extrude the adjacent connecting block 6 to move, so that the connecting rod 7 is deformed under pressure and fits against the rock wall, reducing the probability of the anchor rod 1 being displaced and ensuring the stability of the anchor rod 1 during the grouting process.

[0020] The specific working principle is as follows: When operators need to use this device to grout and reinforce the roadway, they insert the anchor bolt 1 into the pre-drilled main crack in the roadway. Then, the operators inject grout into the anchor bolt 1 through the grouting device. The grout squeezes the extrusion block 3, which moves along the slide chute 4 and squeezes the nozzle 5, causing some nozzles 5 to insert into the corresponding branch cracks (nozzles 5 aligned with the branch cracks will be inserted into the branch cracks, while nozzles 5 not aligned with the branch cracks will press against the rock wall). The grout is injected into the branch cracks through the nozzles 5, prioritizing grouting of the branch cracks to reduce the probability of insufficient grouting in the branch cracks due to high pressure after the main cracks are filled, thus ensuring the strength after grouting and reinforcement.

[0021] During the process of the extrusion block 3 extruding the nozzle 5, the inclined plane 9 extrudes the connecting block 6 to move, causing the connecting rod 7 to deform under pressure. All connecting rods 7 open circumferentially and fit against the rock wall, reducing the probability of the anchor rod 1 being displaced, ensuring the stability of the anchor rod 1 during and after grouting, thereby improving the stability of the roadway after grouting reinforcement.

[0022] After grouting is completed and the grout solidifies, if water accumulates in the branch cracks of the roadway, causing high water pressure and squeezing the solidified grout, the solidified grout will squeeze the nozzle 5, and the nozzle 5 will squeeze the squeezing block 3. At this time, the solidified grout inside the anchor rod 1 will block the squeezing block 3, causing the squeezing block 3 to move laterally along the slide 4 after being compressed. The squeezing block 3 will squeeze the connecting block 6 to move laterally, causing the connecting rod 7 to have a tendency to move under pressure. The connecting rod 7 will hold the connecting block 6 at the other end, and the connecting block 6 will hold the nozzle 5 through the squeezing block 3. The nozzle 5 will be inserted into the branch crack, thereby reducing the probability of the nozzle 5 detaching from the branch crack and ensuring the stability of the anchor rod 1 in the roadway. Furthermore, the higher the water pressure in one of the branch cracks in the roadway, the more stably the corresponding nozzle 5 on the anchor rod 1 will be inserted into the branch crack, so that the anchor rod 1 will automatically lock in the roadway, improving the stability of the roadway after grouting and reinforcement.

[0023] When the connecting rod 7 tends to move under pressure, the deformation of the connecting rod 7 causes it to expand circumferentially, reducing the probability of displacement of the anchor rod 1 and ensuring the stability of the anchor rod 1 after grouting, thereby improving the stability of the roadway after grouting reinforcement.

[0024] Example 2 Based on Example 1, such as Figures 3-6As shown, the shell 2 is fixedly connected to an elastic sleeve 10, the elastic sleeve 10 is fixedly connected to a moving ring 11, and the moving ring 11 is fixedly connected to a plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed elastic sealing plates 12. The plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed sealing plates 12 fit together with each other, protecting the nozzle 5 inside the shell 2, reducing the probability of the nozzle 5 being blocked by impurities after entering the soft rock, thereby ensuring the stability of the subsequent grouting of the nozzle 5. When the nozzle 5 moves due to the pressure of concrete, the nozzle 5 presses against all the sealing plates 12 on the adjacent moving ring 11, and the sealing plates 12 deform and fit against the branch cracks in the soft rock, sealing them tightly. The sealing plate 12 blocks the branch fracture opening, and the nozzle 5 is inserted into the branch fracture opening of the soft rock. Grout is injected into the soft rock fracture opening through the nozzle 5, increasing the grouting pressure of the nozzle 5 in the branch fracture opening, increasing the injection density and injection volume of grout in the branch fracture, thereby improving the stability of the soft rock tunnel after reinforcement. The nozzle 5 is fixed with hard blocks 13 symmetrically distributed front and back, and the moving ring 11 is fixed with flexible blocks 14 symmetrically distributed front and back. Taking the upper nozzle 5 as an example, when the grout is injected into the anchor bolt 1, causing the nozzle 5 to move upward under pressure, the nozzle 5 drives the hard block 13 to move to the adjacent flexible block 14. As the nozzle 5 moves, the hard block 13 presses against the adjacent flexible block 14, causing the flexible block 14 to deform under pressure. The moving ring 11 is provided with several circumferentially evenly distributed sharp parts 15. When the hard block 13 presses against the adjacent flexible block 14, the flexible block 14 deforms and drives the moving ring 11 to move upward, stretching the elastic sleeve 10. The sharp parts 15 insert into the rock wall, enhancing the stability of the anchor rod 1 and thus improving the strength of the reinforced rock wall. The nozzle 5 is provided with a first channel 16 communicating with the interior of the anchor rod 1, and a chamber 17 communicating with the first channel 16 is provided inside the nozzle 5. The nozzle 5 is provided with a second channel 18 that communicates with the chamber 17. The second channel 18 gradually slopes towards the adjacent extrusion block 3 from one end near the chamber 17 to the other end. The chamber 17 is spherical and its diameter is larger than that of the first channel 16 and the second channel 18. If impurities enter the second channel 18, they will enter the chamber 17 along the second channel 18, thereby reducing the probability of the first channel 16 and the second channel 18 being blocked. During the grouting process, the grout is injected into the branch crack through the first channel 16, the chamber 17 and the second channel 18.

[0025] Example 3 Based on Example 2, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the moving ring 11 is provided with a first notch 19, and the sealing plate 12 located at the first notch 19 is provided with a second notch 20. The first notch 19 and the second notch 20 are connected. When the grout is injected into the branch crack, part of the water in the branch crack is discharged into the main crack where the anchor 1 is located through the first notch 19 and the second notch 20, thereby reducing the water content in the branch crack, ensuring the density of the grout in the branch crack, and thus improving the strength of the roadway after grouting. The anchor 1 is provided with a number of through holes 21 evenly distributed in the circumference. Located on the right side of anchor rod 1, a flexible plug 22 is slidably connected inside anchor rod 1. The middle part of flexible plug 22 is frustoconical, and the diameter of the frustoconical part of flexible plug 22 gradually decreases from left to right. A shoulder is provided inside anchor rod 1 on the right side of flexible plug 22 to restrict the rightward movement of flexible plug 22. After flexible plug 22 is deformed under pressure, the frustoconical part of flexible plug 22 passes through the shoulder. Flexible plug 22 is used to control the opening and closing of through hole 21. Initially, through hole 21 is blocked by flexible plug 22. After flexible plug 22 moves to the right, through hole 21 is no longer blocked. The flexible plug 22 acts as a barrier, and an elastic element 23 is fixedly connected between the flexible plug 22 and the anchor rod 1. The elastic element 23 is a compression spring. When the flexible plug 22 moves to the right, the elastic element 23 is deformed under pressure. Before the branch crack is filled with grout, and before the first notch 19 and the second notch 20 are blocked by grout, the grout flow resistance is small. After some grout is injected into the branch crack, the grout resistance discharged from the nozzle 5 increases, and the grout squeezes the flexible plug 22. The flexible plug 22 is compressed, and its frustum-shaped part penetrates into the shoulder, so that the through hole 21 is no longer blocked by the flexible plug 22. The grout flows through the through hole 21 between the rock wall and the anchor rod 1 to grout the main crack, connecting the soft rock and the anchor rod 1. The nozzle 5 first injects the grout into the branch crack. After the pressure in the branch crack rises, the through hole 21 is automatically opened to inject the grout from right to left (i.e. from the inside to the outside of the main crack) between the anchor rod 1 and the rock wall. This reduces the probability that the pressure in the branch crack will be too high due to the priority grouting of the main crack, and the grout will not be able to enter the branch crack. This ensures the amount of grout in the branch crack and thus improves the strength of the soft rock tunnel after grouting.

[0026] Example 4 Based on Example 3, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, a method for grouting and reinforcing the surrounding rock of a water-rich soft rock tunnel, based on the aforementioned grouting and reinforcing device for water-rich soft rock tunnels, includes the following specific steps: Step 1: Insert the anchor bolt 1 into the roadway, then inject grout into the anchor bolt 1. The grout squeezes the extrusion block 3 to move, and the inclined surface 9 of the extrusion block 3 squeezes the connecting block 6 to move, causing the connecting rod 7 to deform under pressure. All connecting rods 7 open circumferentially and fit against the rock wall. At the same time, the extrusion block 3 squeezes the nozzle 5, causing the nozzle 5 to be inserted into the corresponding branch crack. The grout is injected into the branch crack through the nozzle 5. Step 2: When the nozzle 5 is inserted into the branch crack, the nozzle 5 drives all the sealing plates 12 on it through the moving ring 11, pressing the sealing plates 12 against the branch crack opening to block the branch crack opening, and the sharp part 15 of the moving ring 11 is inserted into the rock wall. Step 3: During the grouting process at nozzle 5, the grout is injected into the branch cracks through the first channel 16, chamber 17 and the second channel 18; Step 4: During the process of injecting grout into the branch crack, some of the water in the branch crack is discharged into the main crack where the anchor rod 1 is located through the first notch 19 and the second notch 20. After some grout is injected into the branch crack, the through hole 21 is no longer blocked by the flexible plug 22. The grout flows into the space between the rock wall and the anchor rod 1 through the through hole 21 to grout the main crack. Step 5: After grouting is completed and the grout solidifies, if the water in the tunnel flows through the solidified grout and squeezes the nozzle 5, the nozzle 5 will squeeze the squeezing block 3. The squeezing block 3 will hold the adjacent nozzle 5 through the corresponding multiple connecting blocks 6 and connecting rods 7, so that the nozzle 5 is stably inserted in the branch crack. At the same time, the connecting rod 7 will deform and stick to the rock wall.

[0027] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grouting reinforcement device for surrounding rock in water-rich soft rock tunnels, characterized in that, The device includes an anchor rod (1), which is fixed to several sets of shells (2) spaced apart. Each set of shells (2) has several circumferentially evenly distributed shells. The shells (2) are slidably connected to symmetrically distributed extrusion blocks (3). The shells (2) are provided with symmetrically distributed grooves (4) for sliding corresponding to the extrusion blocks (3). The shells (2) are slidably connected to nozzles (5). The extrusion blocks (3) and adjacent nozzles (5) extrude against each other. The shells (2) are slidably connected to symmetrically distributed connecting blocks (6). Two adjacent connecting blocks (6) on two adjacent sets of shells (2) are fixed together with a connecting rod (7). When the extrusion block (3) is flush with the adjacent connecting block (6), the extrusion block (3) is used to extrude the adjacent connecting block (6) to move, thereby driving the connecting rod (7) to move.

2. The grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting rod (7) is made of elastic material and is used to deform and expand outward when the connecting block (6) drives the connecting rod (7).

3. A grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer side of the connecting rod (7) is fixed with a number of protrusions (8) distributed at intervals to increase the surface roughness of the connecting rod (7).

4. A grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, The back side of the extrusion blocks (3) symmetrically distributed within the same housing (2) is provided with inclined surfaces (9). When the extrusion block (3) is not flush with the adjacent connecting block (6), the inclined surfaces (9) are used to extrude the adjacent connecting block (6) to move.

5. A grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that, The housing (2) is fixedly connected to an elastic sleeve (10), the elastic sleeve (10) is fixedly connected to a moving ring (11), the moving ring (11) is fixedly connected to a plurality of circumferentially evenly distributed elastic sealing pieces (12), the nozzle (5) is used to squeeze all the sealing pieces (12) on the adjacent moving ring (11), the nozzle (5) is fixedly connected to symmetrically distributed hard blocks (13), the moving ring (11) is fixedly connected to symmetrically distributed flexible blocks (14), the hard blocks (13) are used to squeeze the adjacent flexible blocks (14).

6. A grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that, The moving ring (11) is provided with a number of sharp parts (15) evenly distributed in the circumference.

7. A grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that, The nozzle (5) is provided with a first channel (16) communicating with the inside of the anchor rod (1), the nozzle (5) is provided with a chamber (17) communicating with the first channel (16), the nozzle (5) is provided with a second channel (18) communicating with the chamber (17), and the second channel (18) gradually slopes from one end near the chamber (17) to the other end toward the adjacent extrusion block (3).

8. A grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels according to claim 7, characterized in that, The movable ring (11) is provided with a first notch (19), and the sealing sheet (12) located at the first notch (19) is provided with a second notch (20). The first notch (19) and the second notch (20) are connected.

9. A grouting reinforcement device for water-rich soft rock tunnels according to claim 8, characterized in that, The anchor rod (1) is provided with a number of through holes (21) evenly distributed in the circumference. A flexible plug (22) is slidably connected inside the anchor rod (1). The flexible plug (22) is used to control the opening and closing of the through holes (21). An elastic element (23) is fixed between the flexible plug (22) and the anchor rod (1).

10. A method for grouting and reinforcing the surrounding rock of a water-rich soft rock tunnel, using the grouting and reinforcing device for water-rich soft rock tunnels as described in claim 9, wherein the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Insert the anchor bolt (1) into the roadway, and then inject grout into the anchor bolt (1). The grout squeezes the extrusion block (3) to move, and the inclined surface (9) of the extrusion block (3) squeezes the connecting block (6) to move, causing the connecting rod (7) to deform under pressure. All connecting rods (7) open circumferentially and fit against the rock wall. At the same time, the extrusion block (3) squeezes the nozzle (5), causing the nozzle (5) to be inserted into the corresponding branch crack. The grout is injected into the branch crack through the nozzle (5). Step 2: When the nozzle (5) is inserted into the branch crack, the nozzle (5) drives all the sealing plates (12) on it through the moving ring (11), presses the sealing plates (12) against the branch crack opening, and blocks the branch crack opening. The sharp part (15) of the moving ring (11) is inserted into the rock wall. Step 3: During the grouting process at the nozzle (5), the grout is injected into the branch crack through the first channel (16), the chamber (17), and the second channel (18); Step 4: During the process of injecting grout into the branch crack, some of the water in the branch crack is discharged into the main crack where the anchor rod (1) is located through the first gap (19) and the second gap (20). After some grout is injected into the branch crack, the through hole (21) is no longer blocked by the flexible plug (22). The grout flows into the rock wall and between the anchor rod (1) through the through hole (21) to grout the main crack. Step 5: After grouting is completed and the grout solidifies, if the water in the tunnel squeezes the nozzle (5) through the solidified grout, the nozzle (5) will squeeze the squeezing block (3). The squeezing block (3) will press against the adjacent nozzle (5) through the corresponding multiple connecting blocks (6) and connecting rods (7), so that the nozzle (5) is stably inserted in the branch crack. At the same time, the connecting rod (7) will deform and stick to the rock wall.

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