Sintering equipment and high-level waste solidification method
By combining an induction heating machine and a transfer mixing mechanism, the problem of insufficient stability of high-radioactive iodine silica gel particles is solved, enabling rapid and precise solidification of high-radioactive waste to form a stable glassy solid, which has good prospects for industrial application.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, silica gel particles with high radioactive iodine are easily affected by external environmental factors, resulting in insufficient stability of the cured body. Traditional high-temperature sintering methods are time-consuming and unsuitable for long-term disposal.
A sintering device is used, including a crucible assembly, a base, a buffer mechanism, an induction heater, a transfer seat, and a transfer mixing mechanism. The high-level radioactive waste powder is heated by the induction heater and combined with magnetic materials and glass substrate powder to achieve rapid and precise powder mixing and sintering.
It achieves high-efficiency, energy-saving, fast heating rate, and precise controllable solidification of high-level radioactive waste, forming a stable glassy solidified body, which has good prospects for industrial application.
Smart Images
Figure CN121655261A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-level radioactive waste treatment, and more specifically to a sintering device and a method for solidifying high-level radioactive waste. Background Technology
[0002] Nuclear energy, as a clean and efficient energy source, has received widespread attention. However, the use of nuclear energy inevitably generates a large amount of radioactive waste. These radioactive nuclides produce various heavy ions and radiation during decay, which can cause serious damage to living organisms and threaten their survival. Among them, iodine-129 urgently needs to be disposed of due to its high mobility, high toxicity, and extremely long half-life.
[0003] Radioactive iodine is generally captured using a gaseous method with silver-coated silica gel. This method utilizes the Ag+ ions adhering to the silver-coated silica gel to form stable silver iodide (AgI) with iodine-containing waste, thus capturing the iodine-containing waste and forming iodine-containing silver-coated silica gel to solidify the radioactive iodine. However, these silica gel particles are easily affected by external environmental factors such as pressure, temperature, and humidity, leading to deformation of the solidified body and affecting its stability, which cannot meet the requirements for long-term disposal of radioactive iodine. Therefore, iodine-containing silver-coated silica gel is often subjected to secondary solidification to form a more stable solidified body. Among these methods, glass has received widespread attention due to its good containment and structural tolerance.
[0004] However, in the existing technology, sintered glass curing bodies are usually sintered at high temperatures in a heating furnace. This method has disadvantages such as long synthesis time and high temperature. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of the above problems and to overcome at least one deficiency, the present invention proposes a sintering device and a method for solidifying high-level radioactive waste.
[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A sintering apparatus, comprising: Crucible assembly for storing powder to be sintered; The base has a first track; A buffer mechanism, located in the upper region of the first end of the first track, is used to place the crucible assembly; An induction heating machine having an induction coil located in the upper region of the second end of the first track, the induction coil being used to sinter powder to be sintered in a crucible assembly into a glass body; The transfer seat is slidably mounted on the first track. The transfer seat has a first working position located below the buffer mechanism, a second working position located below the induction coil, and an intermediate working position between the first working position and the second working position. A transfer mixing mechanism, disposed on the transfer seat, is capable of clamping and lifting the crucible assembly; and The transfer mechanism is used to move the transfer seat on the first track; The powder to be sintered includes high-level radioactive waste powder, magnetic material powder, and glass substrate powder.
[0007] The sintering equipment of this application can transfer the crucible assembly containing the powder to be sintered on the buffer mechanism to the area below the induction coil through the transfer mechanism, and then move the crucible assembly upward through the transfer mixing mechanism so that it is fitted inside the induction coil. Since the powder to be sintered includes high-level radioactive waste powder, magnetic material powder and glass substrate powder, the induction heater can perform induction heating on the powder. Compared with traditional heating furnace heating, induction heating has the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, fast heating rate, precise controllability, and clean and environmentally friendly, and has good prospects for industrial application.
[0008] In practical applications, the transfer mechanism can take many structural forms, such as electric push rod, motor lead screw pair structure, motor gear and wheel structure, etc.
[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the crucible assembly includes a main body and a crucible fixed on the upper part of the main body, and the bottom surface of the main body has a first positioning structure; The transfer mixing mechanism includes a lifting plate and a first telescopic element for driving the lifting plate to move up and down. The first telescopic element is fixed on the transfer seat, and the lifting plate has a second positioning structure that cooperates with the first positioning structure.
[0010] The first telescopic element can rise and contact the main body by driving the lifting plate, and through the cooperation of the first positioning structure and the second positioning structure, the moving seat can bring the crucible assembly to other positions for operation when it slides.
[0011] In practical applications, each telescopic element can have various structural forms, such as electric push rods, motor lead screw pairs, motor gear and wheel structures, etc.
[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, in the first positioning structure and the second positioning structure, one is a positioning post and the other is a positioning hole.
[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the buffer mechanism is an electric gripper, which includes two grippers that can move closer to and further away from each other. The cache mechanism has a support workstation and a release workstation; The upper part of the gripper has a positioning groove, one side of which extends to the side of the gripper facing the other gripper. The bottom wall of the positioning groove also has a through opening, one side of which extends to the side of the gripper facing the other gripper. When the buffer mechanism is supporting the working position, the two grippers are close to each other, and the two positioning slots cooperate to form a shape that matches the lower outer contour of the main body. After the main body is placed in, it can be supported and positioned by the two positioning slots, and the two through holes form a passage space that allows the lifting plate to pass through. When the buffer mechanism releases the working position, the two grippers move away from each other and no longer confine the crucible assembly.
[0014] In practical applications, the positioning groove is a rectangular positioning groove, and the outer contour shape of the bottom of the main body is also rectangular.
[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the crucible assembly further includes a lid that is detachably mounted on the upper end of the crucible; The lifting plate has a low position, a middle position and a high position from low to high; when the transfer seat is in the first working position and the lifting plate is in the high position, the lifting plate is in contact with the crucible assembly of the buffer mechanism. The main body has two parallel first outer side walls, and the first outer side walls have anti-rotation grooves. The transfer mixing mechanism further includes two sets of clamping mixing components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting plate, the clamping mixing components including: The frame is fixed on the transfer seat; A horizontal track is fixed on the frame, and the length direction of the horizontal track is perpendicular to the length direction of the first track. The slider is slidably mounted on the horizontal track; The second telescopic element, mounted on the frame, is used to drive the slider to slide along the direction of the horizontal track; A limiting rod is rotatably mounted on the slider. When the lifting plate is in the middle position, the limiting rod is directly opposite the anti-rotation groove. The limiting rod is used to extend into the anti-rotation groove. When the limiting rod extends into the anti-rotation groove and the lifting plate is in the low position, the rotation of the limiting rod can drive the crucible assembly to rotate together. A self-locking motor is mounted on the slider and connected to the limiting rod to drive the limiting rod to rotate.
[0016] The transfer mixing mechanism of this application can perform mixing operations on powders within the crucible body, ensuring uniform mixing of different powders. A specific operation process is as follows: When the transfer seat is in the first working position and the first telescopic element is activated, the lifting plate is in a high position. The lifting plate contacts the crucible assembly of the buffer mechanism. The first positioning structure and the second positioning structure are interlocked. The buffer mechanism switches from the support working position to the release working position. At this time, the transfer mechanism drives the transfer seat, the transfer mixing mechanism, and the crucible assembly to the middle working position. The first telescopic element is activated, and the lifting plate is in the middle position. Then, the second telescopic element is activated, and the slider moves, so that the limiting rod extends into the anti-rotation groove. When the first telescopic element is activated, the lifting plate is in a low position. The self-locking motor is activated, and the limiting rod rotates. Because the limiting rod extends into the anti-rotation groove, it can drive the crucible assembly to rotate. In actual operation, the rotation can be performed through a set program, such as reversing, rotating 360°, oscillating 240°, etc., so that different powders can be mixed evenly.
[0017] In practical applications, the self-locking motor can be a servo motor.
[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first outer side wall has two parallel and vertically arranged guide strips, and the anti-rotation groove is located in the middle of the two guide strips; The end cross-section of the limiting rod is adapted to the cross-section of the anti-rotation groove, and the end of the limiting rod has two mutually parallel mating surfaces; when the limiting rod leaves the corresponding anti-rotation groove and is between the two guide bars, the two mating surfaces contact and engage with the side walls of the two guide bars one by one.
[0019] After mixing is complete, the self-locking motor keeps the crucible in a vertical position. Then, the second telescopic element operates, causing the limiting rod to move away from the corresponding anti-rotation groove and into the space between the two guide bars. At this point, the limiting rod, in conjunction with the two guide bars, ensures that the crucible assembly can only fall vertically downwards under gravity until the main body contacts the lifting plate. During this process, the powder inside is compacted onto the crucible. In practical applications, a program can be set to repeatedly allow the crucible to fall freely onto the lowered lifting plate multiple times, ensuring that almost all the powder remains on the crucible.
[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the end cross-section of the limiting rod is a regular hexagon.
[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the induction heater further includes a temperature sensing sensor for remotely detecting the temperature of the crucible assembly.
[0022] This application also discloses a method for solidifying high-level radioactive waste, comprising the following steps: S1. Place the high-level radioactive waste powder, magnetic material powder, and glass substrate powder into a crucible and mix them evenly to obtain the powder to be sintered. S2. Place the crucible on the induction coil of the induction heating machine for heating. The sintering powder is sintered to obtain a glass solidified body. The heating temperature is 800℃~850℃ and the heating time is 10min~30min. The solidification method for the high-level radioactive waste is implemented using the sintering equipment described above.
[0023] In practical applications, all materials have been pre-ground into powder.
[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic material powder is nickel powder or cobalt powder; The high-level radioactive waste powder is silver-coated silica gel containing radioactive iodine; The glass substrate powder includes boron oxide, lithium oxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate; In the mixed powder, by mass percentage, the magnetic material powder is 0.1%~2%, the high-level radioactive waste powder is 15%~36%, the boron oxide is 49%~65%, the lithium oxide is 4%~6%, the sodium carbonate is 4%~6%, and the potassium carbonate is 6%~8%.
[0025] This method involves adding trace amounts of magnetic material to the glass-cured body that needs to be sintered. While retaining the advantages of the glass-cured body, such as its high bulk density and low nuclide leaching rate, which effectively suppresses the migration of radioactive iodine in nature, it allows it to be heated by induction heating. This achieves the advantages of induction heating, such as high efficiency and energy saving, fast heating rate, precise controllability, and clean and environmentally friendly operation, and has good prospects for industrial application.
[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The sintering equipment of this application can transfer the crucible assembly containing the powder to be sintered on the buffer mechanism to the area below the induction coil through the transfer mechanism, and move the crucible assembly upward through the transfer mixing mechanism, so that it is fitted inside the induction coil. Since the powder to be sintered includes high-level radioactive waste powder, magnetic material powder and glass substrate powder, the induction heater can perform induction heating on the powder. Compared with traditional heating furnace heating, induction heating has the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, fast heating rate, precise controllability, cleanliness and environmental protection, and has good industrial application prospects. Attached Figure Description
[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sintering equipment when the transfer seat is in the middle working position; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main body of the crucible assembly; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the crucible assembly being placed into the buffer mechanism in the supporting working position; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the pot lid mounted on the crucible; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the sintering equipment when the transfer seat is in the first working position; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer mechanism switching to the release position after the lifting plate rises to the high position and contacts the main body; Figure 7 Is Figure 6 Based on this, a schematic diagram of the sintering equipment when the transfer seat is switched to the intermediate working position; Figure 8 Is Figure 7 Based on this, the lifting plate is moved down to the middle position, and the limit rod is aligned with the anti-rotation groove (illustration diagram). Figure 9 Is Figure 8 Based on this, a schematic diagram of the limit rod extending into the anti-rotation groove is shown; Figure 10 Is Figure 9 Based on the above, a schematic diagram of the lifting plate moving down to the lower position; Figure 11 Is Figure 10 Based on this, a schematic diagram is shown of the mixing component driving the crucible component to rotate for mixing. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing that after the mixing is completed, the limit rod leaves the corresponding anti-rotation groove and is positioned between the two guide bars; Figure 13 Is Figure 12 Based on this, a schematic diagram shows the crucible assembly falling and hitting the lower lifting plate. Figure 14 Is Figure 13 Based on this, a schematic diagram shows the limit rod disengaging from the two guide bars; Figure 15 Is Figure 14 Based on this, a schematic diagram is shown when the transfer seat switches to the second working position; Figure 16 Is Figure 15 Based on this, a schematic diagram showing the crucible located inside the induction coil when the lifting plate is moved to the upper position. Figure 17 This is an XRD test result image of a glass-cured product; Figure 18 This is another XRD test result image of a glass-cured product.
[0028] The labels for the attached figures are as follows: 1. Crucible assembly; 11. Main body; 111. First positioning structure; 112. First outer side wall; 1121. Anti-rotation groove; 1122. Guide strip; 12. Crucible; 13. Crucible lid; 2. Base; 21. First track; 211. First end; 212. Second end; 3. Buffer mechanism; 31. Gripper; 311. Positioning groove; 312. Through opening; 4. Induction heating machine; 41. Induction coil; 5. Transfer seat; 6. Transfer mixing mechanism; 61. Lifting plate; 611. Second positioning structure; 62. First telescopic element; 63. Clamping mixing assembly; 631. Frame; 632. Horizontal track; 633. Slider; 634. Second telescopic element; 635. Limiting rod; 6351. Mating surface; 636. Self-locking motor; 7. Transfer mechanism. Detailed Implementation
[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
[0030] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "inner" and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0031] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "setup" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0032] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0033] like Figures 1-16 As shown, a sintering apparatus includes: Crucible assembly 1 is used to store the powder to be sintered; Base 2, having a first track 21; The buffer mechanism 3 is located in the upper region of the first end 211 of the first track 21 and is used to place the crucible assembly 1. The induction heating machine 4 has an induction coil 41 located in the upper region of the second end 212 of the first track 21. The induction coil 41 is used to sinter the powder to be sintered in the crucible assembly 1 into a glass body. The transfer seat 5 is slidably mounted on the first track 21. The transfer seat 5 has a first working position located below the buffer mechanism 3, a second working position located below the induction coil 41, and an intermediate working position between the first working position and the second working position. The transfer mixing mechanism 6, mounted on the transfer seat 5, is capable of clamping and lifting the crucible assembly 1; and The transfer mechanism 7 is used to drive the transfer seat 5 to move on the first track 21; The powders to be sintered include high-level radioactive waste powder, magnetic material powder, and glass substrate powder.
[0034] The sintering equipment of this application can transfer the crucible assembly 1 containing the powder to be sintered on the buffer mechanism 3 to below the induction coil 41 through the transfer mechanism 7, and move the crucible assembly 1 upward through the transfer mixing mechanism 6, so that it is fitted inside the induction coil 41. Since the powder to be sintered includes high radioactive waste powder, magnetic material powder and glass substrate powder, the induction heater 4 can perform induction heating on the powder. Compared with traditional heating furnace heating, induction heating has the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, fast heating rate, precise controllability, cleanliness and environmental protection, and has good industrial application prospects.
[0035] In practical applications, the transfer mechanism 7 can take various structural forms, such as electric push rod, motor lead screw pair structure, motor gear and wheel structure, etc.
[0036] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the crucible assembly 1 includes a main body 11 and a crucible 12 fixed on the upper part of the main body 11. The bottom surface of the main body 11 has a first positioning structure 111. like Figure 3 and 5 As shown, the transfer mixing mechanism 6 includes: a lifting plate 61 and a first telescopic element 62 for driving the lifting plate 61 to move up and down. The first telescopic element 62 is fixed on the transfer seat 5, and the lifting plate 61 has a second positioning structure 611 that cooperates with the first positioning structure 111.
[0037] The first telescopic element 62 can rise and contact the main body 11 by driving the lifting plate 61. And through the cooperation of the first positioning structure 111 and the second positioning structure 611, the moving seat can bring the crucible assembly 1 to other positions for operation when it slides.
[0038] In practical applications, each telescopic element can have various structural forms, such as electric push rods, motor lead screw pairs, motor gear and wheel structures, etc.
[0039] like Figure 2 and 4 As shown, in this embodiment, one of the first positioning structure 111 and the second positioning structure 611 is a positioning post and the other is a positioning hole.
[0040] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown in Figures 6 and 7, in this embodiment, the buffer mechanism 3 is an electric gripper, and the buffer mechanism 3 includes two grippers 31 that can move closer to and further away from each other. Cache mechanism 3 has a support work position and a release work position; The upper part of the gripper 31 has a positioning groove 311, one side of the positioning groove 311 extends to the side of the gripper 31 facing the other gripper 31, and the bottom wall of the positioning groove 311 also has a through opening 312, one side of the through opening 312 extends to the side of the gripper 31 facing the other gripper 31. When the buffer mechanism 3 is in the supporting working position, the two grippers 31 approach each other, and the two positioning grooves 311 cooperate to form a shape that matches the lower outer contour of the main body 11. After the main body 11 is placed in, it can be supported and positioned by the two positioning grooves 311, and the two through holes 312 form a through space that allows the lifting plate 61 to pass through. When the buffer mechanism 3 releases the working position, the two grippers 31 move away from each other and no longer confine the crucible assembly 1.
[0041] In practical applications, the positioning groove 311 is a rectangular positioning groove 311, and the outer contour shape of the bottom of the main body 11 is also rectangular.
[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the crucible assembly 1 also includes a lid 13 that is detachably mounted on the upper end of the crucible 12; The lifting plate 61 has a low position, a middle position and a high position from low to high; like Figure 6 As shown, when the transfer seat 5 is in the first working position and the lifting plate 61 is in the high position, the lifting plate 61 contacts the crucible assembly 1 of the buffer mechanism 3. like Figure 7 and 8 As shown, the main body 11 has two parallel first outer sidewalls 112, and the first outer sidewalls 112 have anti-rotation grooves 1121; like Figure 7 and 8 As shown, the transfer mixing mechanism 6 also includes two sets of clamping mixing components 63 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting plate 61. The clamping mixing components 63 include: The frame 631 is fixed on the transfer base 5; A horizontal track 632 is fixed on the frame 631, and the length direction of the horizontal track 632 is perpendicular to the length direction of the first track 21. Slider 633 is slidably mounted on horizontal track 632; The second telescopic element 634 is mounted on the frame 631 and is used to drive the slider 633 to slide along the direction of the horizontal track 632. The limiting rod 635 is rotatably mounted on the slider 633. When the lifting plate 61 is in the middle position, the limiting rod 635 is directly facing the anti-rotation groove 1121. The limiting rod 635 is used to extend into the anti-rotation groove 1121. When the limiting rod 635 extends into the anti-rotation groove 1121 and the lifting plate 61 is in the low position, the limiting rod 635 can drive the crucible assembly 1 to rotate together when it rotates. The self-locking motor 636 is mounted on the slider 633 and connected to the limit rod 635 to drive the limit rod 635 to rotate.
[0043] The transfer mixing mechanism 6 of this application can perform a mixing operation on the powder inside the crucible 12, so that different powders are mixed evenly. A specific operation process is as follows: like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, in the first working position, the transfer seat 5 operates, and the first telescopic element 62 operates, causing the lifting plate 61 to be in a high position. The lifting plate 61 then contacts the crucible assembly 1 of the buffer mechanism 3. The first positioning structure 111 and the second positioning structure 611 interlock, and the buffer mechanism 3 switches from the support working position to the release working position. Figure 7 As shown, at this time, the transfer mechanism 7 drives the transfer seat 5, the transfer mixing mechanism 6, and the crucible assembly 1 to move to the intermediate working position, as follows. Figure 8 As shown, the first telescopic element 62 operates, bringing the lifting plate 61 to the neutral position, as... Figure 9 As shown, the second telescopic element 634 then operates, causing the slider 633 to move, thereby allowing the limiting rod 635 to extend into the anti-rotation groove 1121, as shown. Figure 10 As shown, the first telescopic element 62 operates, keeping the lifting plate 61 in a low position (to prevent the crucible assembly 1 from hitting the lifting plate 61 when it rotates), as... Figure 11 As shown, the self-locking motor 636 works, driving the limit rod 635 to rotate. Because the limit rod 635 extends into the anti-rotation groove 1121, it can drive the crucible assembly 1 to rotate. In actual operation, it can be rotated through a set program, such as reversing, rotating 360°, oscillating 240°, etc., so that different powders can be mixed evenly.
[0044] In practical applications, the self-locking motor 636 can be a servo motor.
[0045] like Figure 12 and13 As shown, in this embodiment, the first outer sidewall 112 has two parallel and vertically arranged guide strips 1122, and the anti-rotation groove 1121 is located in the middle of the two guide strips 1122; The end cross-section of the limiting rod 635 is adapted to the cross-section of the anti-rotation groove 1121, and the end of the limiting rod 635 has two mutually parallel mating surfaces 6351; when the limiting rod 635 leaves the corresponding anti-rotation groove 1121 and is between the two guide bars 1122, the two mating surfaces 6351 contact and engage with the side walls of the two guide bars 1122 one by one.
[0046] like Figure 12 As shown, after mixing is complete, the self-locking motor 636 keeps the crucible 12 in a vertical position. Then, the second telescopic element 634 operates, causing the limiting rod 635 to leave the corresponding anti-rotation groove 1121 and be positioned between the two guide bars 1122. Figure 13 As shown, at this time, the limiting rod 635 cooperates with the two guide bars 1122 to limit the crucible assembly 1 to fall vertically downwards under the action of gravity until the main body 11 contacts the lifting plate 61. During this process, the powder inside can be compacted onto the crucible 12. In actual use, the program can be set to repeatedly perform the free fall onto the lower lifting plate 61 to ensure that all the powder is basically located on the crucible 12.
[0047] In this embodiment, the end cross-section of the limiting rod 635 is a regular hexagon.
[0048] In practical applications, in order to better control the heating temperature, the induction heater 4 also has a temperature sensing sensor for remotely detecting the temperature of the crucible assembly 1.
[0049] In practical applications, the induction heater 4 can be any existing type of induction heater 4, such as the ZDBT-6 medium-high frequency induction heater 4 from Hangzhou Hanggong Electric Technology Co., Ltd.
[0050] This application also discloses a method for solidifying high-level radioactive waste, comprising the following steps: S1. Place the high-level radioactive waste powder, magnetic material powder, and glass substrate powder into crucible 12 and mix them evenly to obtain the powder to be sintered; in actual use, each material has been pre-ground into powder.
[0051] S2. Place the crucible 12 on the induction coil 41 of the induction heating machine 4 for heating. The sintering powder is sintered to obtain a glass solidified body. The heating temperature is 800℃~850℃ and the heating time is 10min~30min. The solidification method for high-level radioactive waste is implemented using the sintering equipment of this embodiment.
[0052] In practical applications, the magnetic material powder is nickel powder or cobalt powder; The high-level radioactive waste powder is silver-coated silica gel containing radioactive iodine; The glass substrate powder includes boron oxide, lithium oxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate; In the mixed powder, by mass percentage, there are 0.1%~2% magnetic material powder, 15%~36% high-level radioactive waste powder, 49%~65% boron oxide, 4%~6% lithium oxide, 4%~6% sodium carbonate, and 6%~8% potassium carbonate.
[0053] The high-level radioactive waste solidification method of this application adds a trace amount of magnetic material to the glass solidified body that needs to be sintered. While retaining the advantages of the glass solidified body, such as high bulk density and low nuclide leaching rate, and the ability to effectively suppress the migration of radioactive iodine in nature, it can be heated by induction heating. This achieves the advantages of induction heating, such as high efficiency and energy saving, fast heating rate, precise controllability, and clean and environmentally friendly, and has good prospects for industrial application.
[0054] The following two specific examples illustrate how to obtain glass-cured products. Example 1
[0055] In this embodiment, the common iodine-127 is used to simulate the radioactive nuclide iodine-129, and silver iodide and silica gel are used to simulate iodine-containing silver-coated silica gel. The magnetic material powder is nickel powder.
[0056] In iodine-containing silver-coated silica gel particles, by mass percentage, the silica gel particles comprise 79.8% and silver iodide 20.2%. In practical applications, the mass percentage of silver iodide is less than or equal to 30%. The mixed powder, by mass percentage, contains 50.7% boron oxide, 4.7% lithium oxide, 4.7% sodium carbonate, 6.2% potassium carbonate, 32.5% silver-coated silica gel containing radioactive iodine, and 1.2% nickel powder. The induction heating machine is used to heat the material to 800℃ and hold it for 30 minutes. Then, the crucible assembly is removed and allowed to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a glass-cured body.
[0057] Testing showed that the density of the glass-cured body prepared in this embodiment was 2.41 g / cm³, the Vickers hardness was 5.33 GPa, and the phase was completely amorphous. Figure 17 As shown. Example 2
[0058] In this embodiment, the common iodine-127 is used to simulate the radioactive nuclide iodine-129, and silver iodide and silica gel are used to simulate iodine-containing silver-coated silica gel. The magnetic material powder is nickel powder.
[0059] The mixed powder contains, by mass percentage, 55.2% boron oxide, 5.5% lithium oxide, 5.5% sodium carbonate, 7.5% potassium carbonate, 25.5% silver-coated silica gel containing radioactive iodine, and 0.8% cobalt powder.
[0060] The induction heating machine is used to heat the material to 800℃ and hold it for 30 minutes. Then, the crucible assembly is removed and allowed to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a glass-cured body.
[0061] Testing showed that the density of the glass-cured body prepared in this embodiment was 2.40 g / cm³, the Vickers hardness was 5.30 GPa, and the phase exhibited a completely amorphous state. Figure 18 As shown.
[0062] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, whether directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A sintering apparatus, characterized in that, include: Crucible assembly for storing powder to be sintered; The base has a first track; A buffer mechanism, located in the upper region of the first end of the first track, is used to place the crucible assembly; An induction heating machine having an induction coil located in the upper region of the second end of the first track, the induction coil being used to sinter powder to be sintered in a crucible assembly into a glass body; The transfer seat is slidably mounted on the first track. The transfer seat has a first working position located below the buffer mechanism, a second working position located below the induction coil, and an intermediate working position between the first working position and the second working position. A transfer mixing mechanism, mounted on the transfer seat, is capable of clamping and lifting the crucible assembly; as well as The transfer mechanism is used to move the transfer seat on the first track; The powder to be sintered includes high-level radioactive waste powder, magnetic material powder, and glass substrate powder.
2. The sintering equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The crucible assembly includes a main body and a crucible fixed to the upper part of the main body, and the bottom surface of the main body has a first positioning structure; The transfer mixing mechanism includes a lifting plate and a first telescopic element for driving the lifting plate to move up and down. The first telescopic element is fixed on the transfer seat, and the lifting plate has a second positioning structure that cooperates with the first positioning structure.
3. The sintering equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In the first positioning structure and the second positioning structure, one is a positioning post and the other is a positioning hole.
4. The sintering equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The buffer mechanism is an electric gripper, which includes two grippers that can move closer to and further away from each other. The cache mechanism has a support workstation and a release workstation; The upper part of the gripper has a positioning groove, one side of which extends to the side of the gripper facing the other gripper. The bottom wall of the positioning groove also has a through opening, one side of which extends to the side of the gripper facing the other gripper. When the buffer mechanism is supporting the working position, the two grippers are close to each other, and the two positioning slots cooperate to form a shape that matches the lower outer contour of the main body. After the main body is placed in, it can be supported and positioned by the two positioning slots, and the two through holes form a passage space that allows the lifting plate to pass through. When the buffer mechanism releases the working position, the two grippers move away from each other and no longer confine the crucible assembly.
5. The sintering equipment as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The crucible assembly also includes a lid that is detachably mounted on the top of the crucible; The lifting plate has a low position, a middle position and a high position from low to high; when the transfer seat is in the first working position and the lifting plate is in the high position, the lifting plate is in contact with the crucible assembly of the buffer mechanism. The main body has two parallel first outer side walls, and the first outer side walls have anti-rotation grooves. The transfer mixing mechanism further includes two sets of clamping mixing components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lifting plate, the clamping mixing components including: The frame is fixed on the transfer seat; A horizontal track is fixed on the frame, and the length direction of the horizontal track is perpendicular to the length direction of the first track. The slider is slidably mounted on the horizontal track; The second telescopic element, mounted on the frame, is used to drive the slider to slide along the direction of the horizontal track; A limiting rod is rotatably mounted on the slider. When the lifting plate is in the middle position, the limiting rod is directly opposite the anti-rotation groove. The limiting rod is used to extend into the anti-rotation groove. When the limiting rod extends into the anti-rotation groove and the lifting plate is in the low position, the rotation of the limiting rod can drive the crucible assembly to rotate together. A self-locking motor is mounted on the slider and connected to the limiting rod to drive the limiting rod to rotate.
6. The sintering equipment as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The first outer side wall has two parallel and vertically arranged guide strips, and the anti-rotation groove is located in the middle of the two guide strips; The end cross-section of the limiting rod is adapted to the cross-section of the anti-rotation groove, and the end of the limiting rod has two mutually parallel mating surfaces; when the limiting rod leaves the corresponding anti-rotation groove and is between the two guide bars, the two mating surfaces contact and engage with the side walls of the two guide bars one by one.
7. The sintering equipment as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The end cross-section of the limiting rod is a regular hexagon.
8. The sintering equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The induction heating machine also has a temperature sensing sensor for remotely detecting the temperature of the crucible assembly.
9. A method for solidifying high-level radioactive waste, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the high-level radioactive waste powder, magnetic material powder, and glass substrate powder into a crucible and mix them evenly to obtain the powder to be sintered. S2. Place the crucible on the induction coil of the induction heating machine for heating. The sintering powder is sintered to obtain a glass solidified body. The heating temperature is 800℃~850℃ and the heating time is 10min~30min. The solidification method for the high-level radioactive waste is implemented using the sintering equipment described in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The method for solidifying high-level radioactive waste as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The magnetic material powder is nickel powder or cobalt powder; The high-level radioactive waste powder is silver-coated silica gel containing radioactive iodine; The glass substrate powder includes boron oxide, lithium oxide, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate; In the mixed powder, by mass percentage, the magnetic material powder is 0.1%~2%, the high-level radioactive waste powder is 15%~36%, the boron oxide is 49%~65%, the lithium oxide is 4%~6%, the sodium carbonate is 4%~6%, and the potassium carbonate is 6%~8%.