Stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device, which belongs to the technical field of braking test mechanisms and comprises an observation base, an impact chamber and a pressure maintaining chamber which are sequentially connected from bottom to top. An impact body and a tested impact body are arranged in a cavity of the impact chamber and a cavity of the observation base, the bottom of the tested impact body is connected with the observation base, and the impact body is arranged above the tested impact body; the top of the impact body can extend into the pressure maintaining chamber and is sealed with the pressure maintaining chamber, and meanwhile, the top of the impact body is locked and unlocked through a driving mechanism arranged at the side part of the pressure maintaining chamber. In the initial state, the impact body is in a locking state, after the impact body is unlocked, the impact body impacts the tested impact body under the air pressure effect of the pressure maintaining chamber, and braking deformation is achieved through the tested buffer tube, so that a braking test is achieved; and the stroke can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of the height adjusting blocks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of braking testing mechanisms, specifically relating to a stroke-adjustable single-tube braking testing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Verifying the energy absorption performance of a buffer tube under transient impact conditions requires collecting key data such as impact load and deformation. Current testing facilities mainly consist of static compression testing machines and free-fall testing machines. Static compression testing machines do not accurately simulate real-world impact conditions, while free-fall testing machines are limited by space constraints; for larger impact energies, heavier impact objects or higher impact heights are required, and impact energy is also lost due to friction and other factors. Therefore, a single-tube braking device with adjustable stroke is needed, which is easy to operate, highly compatible, and safe and reliable. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of one or more of the above-mentioned defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a single-tube braking test device and method with adjustable stroke. In the initial state, the impactor is locked. After the impactor is unlocked, it impacts the test impactor under the action of air pressure in the pressure holding chamber. The braking test is achieved by the braking deformation of the test buffer tube. Furthermore, the stroke can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of height adjustment blocks.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device is provided, comprising an observation base, an impact chamber, and a pressure-holding chamber connected sequentially from bottom to top; The impact chamber and the observation base contain an impactor and a test impactor. The bottom of the test impactor is connected to the observation base, and the impactor is positioned above the test impactor. The top of the impactor can extend into the pressure chamber and form a seal with it. The top of the impactor is locked and unlocked by a drive mechanism provided on the side of the pressure chamber. The test impactor includes a disk with a central through hole and an annular fixing post at the top of the disk. The fixing post has at least one height adjustment block inside, and multiple height adjustment blocks are connected by threads. The lowermost height adjustment block is connected to the central through hole of the disk by threads, and the uppermost height adjustment block is connected to the support post by threads. The support column and height adjustment block are provided with through holes running vertically along the height direction for the guide rod to pass through; the guide rod includes a sleeve and a rod body that can extend and retract from the sleeve, the rod body extends out of the support column and the end of the rod body is provided with an installation head; a test buffer tube is sleeved on the outside of the rod body, and the two ends of the test buffer tube abut against the installation head and the support column.

[0005] As a further improvement of the present invention, the impact chamber is characterized in that the impact chamber body includes an impact chamber body and a connector and a first flange plate respectively provided at both ends thereto; the connector is used to connect with the pressure holding chamber, and the first flange plate is used to connect with the observation base.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the observation base includes a base, a column, and a second flange plate; one end of the column is disposed on the base, and the other end is provided with a second flange plate, which is used to connect with the impact chamber. The column is equipped with a pressure sensor, a reflector, and a mounting bracket inside. The pressure sensor is fixed to the base at the bottom and is used to measure the impact load. The side of the column is provided with an observation window, and a mounting bracket is provided at the observation window for mounting the reflector. The reflector can be used in conjunction with a speed measuring camera to measure speed.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the disk of the test impactor is connected to the pressure sensor of the observation base, and the load is transferred to the pressure sensor.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the impact body includes a guide post, an impact head disposed on the top of the guide post, and a sealing ring; the guide post is fitted with the impact chamber with a clearance for guiding; the sealing ring is used to seal the impact body and the pressure holding chamber; the impact head is provided with a transverse pin hole for connecting with the telescopic shaft of the drive mechanism.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, a limiting gasket is also provided between the test buffer tube and the support column.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the height adjustment block and the support column, the height adjustment block and the disc, and the height adjustment blocks themselves are all connected by a boss threaded connection.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the pressure holding chamber includes a pressure holding chamber body, and a lifting cover is provided at one end of the pressure holding chamber body away from the impact chamber; the side of the pressure holding chamber body is provided with several test interfaces for connecting an air inlet valve, a pressure relief valve, a pressure sensor, and a pressure gauge.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, a fixing ring is provided outside the pressure holding chamber, one end of the fixing ring is connected to the pressure holding chamber, and the other end is connected to the wall or test frame.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a test method for the aforementioned stroke-adjustable single-tube brake test device is provided, comprising the following steps: Point the speed camera at the reflector on the observation base and adjust the speed camera accordingly. Protective gas is introduced into the pressure holding chamber through the test interface of the pressure holding chamber, and pressure holding is performed after the set pressure is reached. The drive mechanism is activated to release the lock on the impactor. The impactor moves downward under air pressure and impacts the mounting head. The test buffer tube folds and deforms, thus performing buffering and energy absorption braking. After the impact, the deformation of the test buffer tube was measured and analyzed in combination with the velocity measurement results of the laser camera and the impact load results of the pressure sensor.

[0014] In summary, the technical solutions conceived by this invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: (1) The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device of the present invention includes a pressure-holding chamber, an impact chamber, an observation base, an impactor, and a test impactor. In the initial state, the impactor is locked. After the impactor is unlocked, it impacts the test impactor under the air pressure of the pressure-holding chamber, and the test impactor is braked and deformed by the test buffer tube to achieve the braking test. The braking test device of the present invention is easy to operate, highly compatible, safe and reliable.

[0015] (2) The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device of the present invention can adjust the length of the extended guide rod by increasing or decreasing the number of height adjustment blocks, thereby adjusting the distance between the mounting head and the impact body, i.e. the braking distance of the overall test device.

[0016] (3) The adjustable single-tube braking test device of the present invention has a reflector at the observation base. By using a laser camera in conjunction with the reflector, not only can the falling process of the impactor be observed, but the impact speed of the impactor in the reflector can also be measured by laser velocimetry.

[0017] (4) The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device of the present invention is connected to the pressure sensor on the observation base through the test impact body, and the load can be transferred to the pressure sensor to analyze the impact load. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the adjustable single-tube braking test device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper pressure chamber structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing ring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower impact chamber structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the observation base structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the impactor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the test impactor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1. Pressure holding chamber; 2. Fixing ring; 3. Drive mechanism; 4. Impact chamber; 5. Observation base; 6. Impactor; 7. Test impactor; 101. Lifting cover; 102. Pressure holding chamber body; 103. Test interface; 201. First ring; 202. Second ring; 203. Fixing plate; 401. Connector; 402. Impact chamber body; 403. First flange plate; 501. Second flange plate; 502. Pressure sensor; 503. Reflector; 504. Mounting support; 505. Column; 506. Upper base; 507. Lower base; 601. Impact head; 602. Sealing ring; 603. Guide post; 701. Mounting head; 702. Guide rod; 703. Test buffer tube; 704. Limiting gasket; 705. Support column; 706. Fixing column; 707. Height adjustment block; 708. Connecting ring; 709. Disc. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0025] See Figures 1 to 9 The adjustable single-tube braking test device of this invention includes an observation base 5, an impact chamber 4, and a pressure holding chamber 1 connected sequentially from bottom to top. An impactor 6 and a test impactor 7 are disposed within the cavity of the impact chamber 4 and the observation base 5. The bottom of the test impactor 7 is connected to the observation base 5, and the impactor 6 is positioned above it. The top of the impactor 6 can extend into the pressure holding chamber and form a seal with it. Simultaneously, the top of the impactor 6 is locked by a drive mechanism 3 located on the side of the pressure holding chamber 1. Initially, the impactor 6 is locked. After the impactor is unlocked, it impacts the test impactor 7 under the air pressure of the pressure holding chamber 1 to conduct a braking test.

[0026] Specifically, the pressure holding chamber 1 includes a pressure holding chamber body 102, which is a sealed structure used to maintain the pressure of the gas during the impact test; a lifting cover 101 is provided at the end of the pressure holding chamber body 102 away from the impact chamber 4 for the transfer and lifting of the pressure holding chamber 1; and several test interfaces 103 are provided on the side of the pressure holding chamber body 102 for connecting the air inlet valve, pressure relief valve, air pressure sensor, air pressure gauge, etc.

[0027] To prevent the entire testing apparatus from shaking due to impact, a fixing ring 2 is preferably provided on the outside of the pressure holding chamber 1 to secure the testing apparatus. One end of the fixing ring 2 is connected to the pressure holding chamber 1, and the other end is bolted to the wall, test frame, etc. More preferably, the fixing ring 2 includes a first ring 201 and a second ring 202, which are fitted onto the outside of the pressure holding chamber 1 and bolted together to form a ring structure that matches the pressure holding chamber body 102. The second ring 202 is connected to a fixing plate 203 to secure the testing apparatus to the wall, test frame, or other stable structure.

[0028] Furthermore, the impact chamber 4 serves as a guide for the impactor 6 to impact the test impactor 7. The impact chamber 4 includes an impact chamber body 402 and connectors 401 and first flange plates 403 respectively provided at both ends of the impact chamber body 402. The connectors 401 are used to connect to the pressure holding chamber 1, and the first flange plates 403 are used to connect to the observation base 5. Preferably, the connectors 401 are threadedly connected to the pressure holding chamber body 102 of the pressure holding chamber 1; the first flange plates 403 are bolted to the observation base 5.

[0029] Furthermore, the observation base 5 is used for measuring impact data and observing the impact compression of the test buffer tube. The observation base 5 includes a base, a column 505, and a second flange plate 501; one end of the column 505 is located on the base, and the other end is provided with the second flange plate 501. The second flange plate 501 and the first flange plate 403 of the impact chamber 4 are matched and connected to each other to connect the observation base 5 and the impact chamber 4 into a whole.

[0030] Combination Figure 6 and Figure 2 The column 505 serves a protective function, preventing the impactor from splashing and injuring surrounding personnel. Inside the column 505 are a pressure sensor 502, a reflector 503, and a mounting bracket 504. The pressure sensor 502, fixed to the base, measures and collects the impact load. An observation window is located on the side of the column 505, with a mounting bracket 504 at the window for mounting the reflector 503. By using a laser camera in conjunction with the reflector 503, not only can the falling process of the impactor 6 be observed, but the impact velocity of the impactor 6 within the reflector 503 can also be measured using laser velocimetry.

[0031] Preferably, the base includes an upper base 506 and a lower base 507. The upper base 506 is connected to the lower base 507 by bolts, and the lower base 507 is connected to the ground by chemical bolts to prevent the test device from shaking due to impact.

[0032] Furthermore, the test impactor 7 includes a mounting head 701, a guide rod 702, a test buffer tube 703, a limiting pad 704, a support column 705, a fixing column 706, a height adjustment block 707, a connecting ring 708, and a disc 709. The connecting ring 708 and the fixing column 706 are located on top of the disc 709, and the three are welded together as a single structure. The disc 709 is connected to the pressure sensor 502 of the observation base 5 via bolts, transferring the load to the pressure sensor 502.

[0033] The fixed column 706 has at least one height adjustment block 707 inside. Multiple height adjustment blocks 707 are connected by threads. The lowermost height adjustment block 707 is connected to the through hole in the middle of the disc 709 by threads, and the uppermost height adjustment block 707 is connected to the support column 705 by threads.

[0034] The support column 705 and the height adjustment block 707 are provided with through holes running vertically along the height direction for the guide rod 702 to pass through. The guide rod 702 includes a sleeve and a rod body that can extend and retract from the sleeve, wherein the height of the sleeve is less than the height of the support column 705, the rod body extends out of the support column 705 and has a mounting head 701 at its end. A test buffer tube 703 is sleeved on the outside of the rod body, and both ends of the test buffer tube 703 abut against the mounting head 701 and the support column 705.

[0035] Preferably, a limiting gasket 704 is also provided between the test buffer tube 703 and the support column 705.

[0036] Preferably, the height adjustment block 707 is connected to the support column 705, the height adjustment block 707 is connected to the disc 709, and the height adjustment block 707 is connected to each other by a boss thread.

[0037] The present invention can adjust the length of the extended guide rod 702 by increasing or decreasing the number of height adjustment blocks 707, thereby adjusting the distance between the mounting head 701 and the impact body 6, i.e. the braking distance of the overall test device.

[0038] Furthermore, the impact body 6 includes a guide post 603, an impact head 601 located on top of the guide post 603, and a sealing ring 602. The guide post 603 is fitted with the impact chamber body 402 of the impact chamber 4 with a clearance to guide the impact body 6 and prevent it from tipping over or deflecting. The sealing ring 602 is used to seal the impact body 6 and the pressure-holding chamber 1. The impact head 601 has a transverse pin hole for connecting to the telescopic shaft of the drive mechanism 3, enabling unlocking and locking functions.

[0039] Optionally, the drive mechanism 3 is a mechanism capable of linear drive in the prior art, such as a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder. The drive mechanism 3 is connected to the pressure chamber 1 via a flange plate, and is also connected to the pin hole on 6 via a telescopic shaft.

[0040] In the initial position, the guide post 603 is located inside the impact chamber 4, and the bottom of the pressure holding chamber 1 is provided with a through hole that matches the impact head 601. The impact head 601 extends into the through hole at the bottom of the pressure holding chamber 1 and is connected to the telescopic end of the drive mechanism 3 through a transverse pin hole. At the same time, the sealing ring 602 is pressed between the guide post 603 and the pressure holding chamber 1 to ensure the sealing of the pressure holding chamber 1.

[0041] During the test, the telescopic end of the drive mechanism 3 retracts to unlock the impactor 6, which then impacts the test impactor 7 under the pressure of the pressure chamber. After the mounting head 701 of the test impactor 7 is impacted, the guide rod 702 moves downward, causing the test buffer tube 703, which is abutting between the mounting head 701 and the support column 705, to compress and deform. The energy is absorbed through the compression and deformation of the test buffer tube 703, thus achieving the purpose of braking.

[0042] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a test method for a stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device, comprising the following steps: (1) Align the speed camera with the reflector 503 of the observation base 5 and adjust the speed camera; Specifically, connect the speed measuring lens to the power supply, connect it to the computer, align it with the reflector 503, and adjust the camera center to be consistent with the pixel center.

[0043] Preferably, before the test, the drive mechanism 3, pressure sensor 502, and air pressure sensor connected to the test interface 103 are tested to ensure they are in normal working condition. For example, connect the pump station of the drive mechanism 3 to the power supply, start the pump station, and check whether the pump station, cylinder, etc. of the drive mechanism 3 are in normal condition; connect the signal lines of the air pressure sensor and pressure sensor 502 to the data acquisition card, and connect the power line to the constant current and constant voltage power supply, and use a laptop computer to test whether the sensor is in normal working condition.

[0044] (2) Protective gas is introduced into the pressure holding chamber 1 through the test interface 103 of the pressure holding chamber 1, and pressure is maintained after the set pressure is reached; To ensure uniform inflation pressure, inflation should be slow, with a speed not exceeding 0.3 kPa / s. During inflation, attention should be paid to areas prone to leakage (inflation joints, fasteners, seals, the junction between the cap and the tooling, etc.). If any leakage occurs, it should be eliminated promptly (the bubble leak detection method can be used for testing). It is recommended to maintain the pressure for at least 1 minute to ensure that the gas is uniform and stable. Record the specific value of the pressure gauge connected to the test interface 103. During the pressure maintenance process, observe that the pressure gauge pointer should remain within the range of 0.6±0.005MPa.

[0045] (4) Start the drive mechanism 3. The drive mechanism 3 releases the lock on the impactor 6. The impactor 6 moves downward under the action of air pressure and impacts the mounting head 701. The test buffer tube 703 begins to fold and deform to perform buffer energy absorption braking. (5) After the impact is completed, the deformation of the test buffer tube 703 is measured and analyzed in combination with the velocity measurement results of the laser camera and the impact load results of the pressure sensor.

[0046] The adjustable-stroke single-tube braking test device of this invention can meet different impact energy requirements of the test buffer tube under impact braking by adjusting the pressure of the pressure holding chamber. After the test, by measuring the deformation of the test buffer tube, reading the impact load of the pressure sensor, and the velocity measurement results of the laser camera, the relationship between impact load, impact energy, and deformation can be analyzed, and the buffer energy absorption mechanism and deformation law can be studied. The braking test device of this invention is simple to operate, highly compatible, safe, and reliable.

[0047] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device, characterized in that, It includes, from bottom to top, an observation base, an impact chamber, and a pressure holding chamber; The impact chamber and the observation base contain an impactor and a test impactor. The bottom of the test impactor is connected to the observation base, and the impactor is positioned above the test impactor. The top of the impactor can extend into the pressure chamber and form a seal with it. The top of the impactor is locked and unlocked by a drive mechanism provided on the side of the pressure chamber. The test impactor includes a disk with a central through hole and an annular fixing post at the top of the disk. The fixing post has at least one height adjustment block inside, and multiple height adjustment blocks are connected by threads. The lowermost height adjustment block is connected to the central through hole of the disk by threads, and the uppermost height adjustment block is connected to the support post by threads. The support column and height adjustment block are provided with through holes running vertically along the height direction for the guide rod to pass through; the guide rod includes a sleeve and a rod body that can extend and retract from the sleeve, the rod body extends out of the support column and the end of the rod body is provided with an installation head; a test buffer tube is sleeved on the outside of the rod body, and the two ends of the test buffer tube abut against the installation head and the support column.

2. The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact chamber includes an impact chamber body and connectors and a first flange plate respectively provided at both ends; the connectors are used to connect to the pressure holding chamber, and the first flange plate is used to connect to the observation base.

3. The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The observation base includes a base, a column, and a second flange plate; one end of the column is mounted on the base, and the other end is provided with the second flange plate, which is used to connect to the impact chamber; The column is equipped with a pressure sensor, a reflector, and a mounting bracket inside. The pressure sensor is fixed to the base at the bottom and is used to measure the impact load. The side of the column is provided with an observation window, and a mounting bracket is provided at the observation window for mounting the reflector. The reflector can be used in conjunction with a speed measuring camera to measure speed.

4. The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The disk of the test impactor is connected to the pressure sensor of the observation base, and the load is transferred to the pressure sensor.

5. The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The impactor includes a guide post, an impact head located on top of the guide post, and a sealing ring; the guide post is fitted with the impact chamber with a clearance for guidance; the sealing ring is used to seal the impactor and the pressure-holding chamber; the impact head is provided with a transverse pin hole for connection with the telescopic shaft of the drive mechanism.

6. The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, A limiting gasket is also provided between the test buffer tube and the support column.

7. The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The height adjustment block and the support column, the height adjustment block and the disc, and the height adjustment blocks themselves are all connected by a boss threaded connection.

8. The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The pressure holding chamber includes a pressure holding chamber body, and a lifting cover is provided at the end of the pressure holding chamber body away from the impact chamber; the side of the pressure holding chamber body is provided with several test interfaces for connecting an air inlet valve, a pressure relief valve, a pressure sensor, and a pressure gauge.

9. The stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pressure holding chamber is equipped with a fixing ring on its exterior. One end of the fixing ring is connected to the pressure holding chamber, and the other end is connected to the wall or test frame.

10. A test method for the stroke-adjustable single-tube braking test apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Point the speed camera at the reflector on the observation base and adjust the speed camera accordingly. Protective gas is introduced into the pressure holding chamber through the test interface of the pressure holding chamber, and pressure holding is performed after the set pressure is reached. The drive mechanism is activated to release the lock on the impactor. The impactor moves downward under air pressure and impacts the mounting head. The test buffer tube folds and deforms, thus performing buffering and energy absorption braking. After the impact, the deformation of the test buffer tube was measured and analyzed in combination with the velocity measurement results of the laser camera and the impact load results of the pressure sensor.

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