Preparation method of composite electrode material, composite electrode material and battery

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of battery preparation, and discloses a preparation method of a composite electrode material, the composite electrode material and a battery, step one: anhydrous magnesium chloride and trimesic acid are respectively dissolved in an N,N-dimethylformamide solution to form transparent solutions, the anhydrous magnesium chloride solution and the trimesic acid solution are mixed and stirred to form a precipitate, and the prepared sample is centrifuged and separated, step two: carbonization is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere, and after heating and heat preservation in the nitrogen atmosphere, natural cooling is carried out to room temperature to obtain the composite electrode material C-Mg-S loaded with Mg single atoms; the composite electrode material C-Mg-S loaded with Mg single atoms has a fluffy three-dimensional porous crosslinked structure, the three-dimensional porous carbon-based structure is beneficial to increasing the loading of sulfur, and can improve the conductivity of the composite material; when used as a battery electrode material, the composite electrode material has a relatively high charge-discharge specific capacity, excellent rate performance and good cycle stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery manufacturing technology, specifically a method for preparing composite electrode materials, the composite electrode materials, and the battery. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing development of portable electronic products and electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are facing challenges due to factors such as material scarcity, uneven distribution in the earth's crust, and rising lithium resource costs. These factors have led to increased costs for LIBs, limiting their further development and hindering their widespread application in large-scale energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), on the other hand, have gained attention due to their advantages in reserves and cost. Among them, room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries (RTNa-S) have become particularly popular due to their price advantage and high capacity.

[0003] RTNa-S's advantages in cost, energy density, power density, cycle life, and efficiency make it a leading candidate for next-generation rechargeable batteries. However, RTNa-S is still far from being applied in energy storage. Improving the conductivity of sulfur and its discharge product Na2S2 / Na2S, suppressing the shuttle movement of soluble sodium polysulfides, and promoting the conversion of sodium polysulfides are effective strategies for enhancing the cycle performance and rate performance of RTNa-S. Carbon materials, due to their high conductivity, are suitable as host materials for sulfur.

[0004] Current research on sulfur electrodes mainly focuses on increasing the specific surface area of ​​carbon materials with different microstructures, thereby increasing the amount of sulfur adhering and improving conductivity. However, relying solely on microstructure manipulation to increase conductivity is a limited approach, resulting in a restricted upper limit to conductivity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a composite electrode material, as well as the composite electrode material and a battery. The composite electrode material is obtained by carbonizing a prepared precursor under certain conditions and then loading it with sulfur. In the composite material, sulfur is uniformly loaded on a carbon substrate, and the composite material has a three-dimensional cross-linked porous microstructure. The battery is a rechargeable room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery, wherein the composite electrode material C-Mg-S is used as the positive electrode and metallic sodium is used as the negative electrode. This battery has the advantages of low cost, abundant raw materials, simple preparation method, easy storage, good rate performance, and strong cycle stability. The rechargeable room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery containing this material has high energy density and good cycle life, and has broad practical value and market prospects, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for preparing a composite electrode material, the composite electrode material, and a battery, comprising:

[0008] Step 1: Dissolve anhydrous magnesium chloride and trimesic acid separately in N,N-dimethylformamide solution to form a transparent solution. Mix the anhydrous magnesium chloride solution and trimesic acid solution, stir until a precipitate is formed, and centrifuge to separate the prepared sample. Wash with N,N-dimethylformamide and dry to obtain a white precursor.

[0009] Step 2: The white precursor and potassium bicarbonate were ground and carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere, then etched with hydrochloric acid solution, washed with water and ethanol respectively, dried, and calcined in an ammonia atmosphere to obtain porous carbon material C-Mg; C-Mg and sulfur powder were mixed evenly, heated and kept at a temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain composite electrode material C-Mg-S loaded with Mg single atoms.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: In step two, the white precursor and potassium bicarbonate are ground and then carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours, followed by etching with a 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, and then washed three times with water and ethanol respectively before drying; the nitrogen atmosphere is 155 o C.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention: in step one, the mass of anhydrous magnesium chloride is 50-300 mg; the mass of trimesic acid is 50-800 mg; the N,N-dimethylformamide solution is 20 ml; the stirring temperature is 100-200℃; the stirring time is 0.2-5 h; and the drying temperature is 30-120℃.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention: in step two, the mass ratio of the precursor to potassium bicarbonate is 1:(0.5~10); the carbonization temperature in nitrogen is 500-900℃; the etching time in hydrochloric acid is 0.2-24h; the calcination temperature in ammonia is 600-900℃; and the mixing ratio of C-Mg and sulfur powder is 1:(1-10); 155 o The incubation time is 0.5-24 hours.

[0013] A composite electrode material having a three-dimensional porous microstructure.

[0014] A battery, the battery being a room temperature sodium-sulfur battery, wherein the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery contains the aforementioned composite electrode material.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, a separator, and a shell, wherein the composite electrode material is used as the positive electrode material, metallic sodium is used as the negative electrode material, and the separator is a composite membrane composed of one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene microporous membrane, glass fiber separator, and non-woven fabric separator.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the positive electrode sheet is obtained by coating the current collector with a slurry obtained by uniformly mixing the positive electrode material with a conductive agent, a binder and a dispersant. The current collector is a porous, mesh or thin film material of carbon cloth, stainless steel, nickel and aluminum, or carbon-coated aluminum foil. The negative electrode sheet is made of sodium foil.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the electrolyte is obtained by dissolving a sodium salt in an organic solvent, wherein the sodium salt is one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium perchlorate, sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, sodium hexafluorophosphate, and sodium nitrate, and the organic solvent is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, fluoroethylene carbonate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-cyclopentanediol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

[0018] As a further aspect of the present invention: the room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery was tested under current densities of 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1.0C, 2.0C, 5.0C, and 10C, with 1C = 1675mAh, and the corresponding average capacities were 1136, 1075, 1015, 970, 917, 822, and 680 mAhg, respectively. -1 .

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the outer shell of the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery is made of one or more of aluminum shell, aluminum-plastic film or stainless steel, and the shape is button-type, cylindrical or square.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] The C-Mg-S composite electrode material, loaded with Mg single atoms, possesses a three-dimensional porous cross-linked structure. This composite electrode material is obtained by mixing the acquired precursor with potassium bicarbonate, followed by calcination, etching, and sulfur loading. The three-dimensional porous structure of the composite material is due to the high-temperature decomposition of potassium bicarbonate, which alters the structure of the precursor, resulting in a fluffy, porous three-dimensional structure. This three-dimensional porous carbon-based structure facilitates increased sulfur loading and enhances the conductivity of the composite material. Therefore, the composite material exhibits high electronic conductivity, resulting in high charge-discharge specific capacity, excellent rate performance, and good cycle stability when used as a battery electrode material, demonstrating excellent application prospects. The composite electrode disclosed in this invention has the advantages of low cost, readily available raw materials, and a simple preparation process, and has broad market application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the precursor prepared in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the porous carbon material C-Mg prepared in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a rate performance graph of the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 4 These are the charge-discharge curves of the room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery at different rates in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a cycle performance diagram of the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery at a current density of 0.1C in Example 2.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a rate performance graph of the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery in Example 3.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a rate performance graph of the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery in Example 4.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a cycle performance diagram of the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery in Example 5.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a rate performance graph of the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery in Example 6.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a rate performance graph of the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery in Example 7. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Please see Figures 1-4 The synthesis steps of the C-Mg-S composite electrode material loaded with magnesium single atoms prepared in this invention are as follows: Anhydrous magnesium chloride (71.32 mg) and trimesic acid (225.6 mg) were dissolved separately in 20 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide solution to form a transparent solution. Then, the two solutions were mixed together and stirred at 180 °C for a period of time, gradually forming a white precipitate. The precipitate was then separated by centrifugation, washed three times with N,N-dimethylformamide, and then dried in an oven at 60 °C to obtain a white precursor.

[0035] The prepared precursor and potassium bicarbonate were ground at a mass ratio of 1:1 and then carbonized at 900℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was then etched with 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 0.5 hours, washed three times with water and ethanol respectively, dried, and calcined at 600℃ in an ammonia atmosphere to obtain the porous carbon material C-Mg. Subsequently, C-Mg and sulfur powder were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:10 and heated at 155℃ for 12 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After natural cooling to room temperature, a composite electrode material (C-Mg-S) loaded with Mg single atoms was obtained.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the prepared white precursor, showing a multilayered, sheet-like structure. Figure 2 The image shows the SEM image of the prepared porous carbon material C-Mg, revealing its porous structure.

[0037] The prepared composite electrode material C-Mg-S was used as the positive electrode material for a room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery (RTNa-S). Deionized water was used as the solvent, and C-Mg-S was mixed with CMC and acetylene black in a mass ratio of 8:1:1 to prepare the positive electrode sheet. A metallic sodium sheet served as the negative electrode (its capacity was much larger than that of the positive electrode). The positive electrode and the sodium sheet were separated by a glass fiber membrane. The electrolyte was a mixed solution of 1M NaTFSI dissolved in PC / FEC. A stainless steel shell was used as the outer casing, and the cells were assembled into a CR2032 coin cell. The RTNa-S assembled in the above process was tested for charge and discharge within a voltage range of 0.5-2.8V at room temperature. Its rate performance and charge-discharge curves at different rates are shown below. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown. At a 0.1C rate, the material's first-week charge specific capacity is 1136 mAh g. -1 At a 10C rate, the material's discharge specific capacity is 680 mAh g. -1 . Figure 3 The vertical axis represents the charging specific capacity. Figure 3 The x-axis represents the number of iterations; Figure 4 The vertical axis represents voltage. Figure 4 The horizontal axis represents the charging specific capacity.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Anhydrous magnesium chloride (71.32 mg) and trimesic acid (225.6 mg) were each dissolved in 20 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide solution to form a clear solution. The two solutions were then mixed together and stirred at 180 °C for a period of time, gradually forming a white precipitate. The precipitate was then separated by centrifugation, washed three times with N,N-dimethylformamide, and dried in an oven at 60 °C to obtain a white precursor.

[0040] The prepared precursor was carbonized at 900℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, then etched with 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 0.5 hours, washed three times with water and ethanol respectively, dried, and calcined at 600℃ in an ammonia atmosphere to obtain carbon-based material C1. Subsequently, C1 and sulfur powder were mixed uniformly at a mass ratio of 1:10 and calcined at 155℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere. o After heating at temperature C for 12 hours and then naturally cooling to room temperature, the composite electrode material (C1-S) is obtained.

[0041] The composite electrode material C1-S was used to fabricate electrode sheets and assemble RTNa-S in the same manner as in Example 1. The performance of the assembled battery is as follows: Figure 5 ; Figure 5 The vertical axis represents voltage. Figure 5 The horizontal axis represents the charging specific capacity.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] Anhydrous calcium chloride (85 mg) and trimesic acid (225.6 mg) were each dissolved in 20 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide solution to form a clear solution. The two solutions were then mixed together and stirred at 180 °C for a period of time, gradually forming a white precipitate. The precipitate was then separated by centrifugation, washed three times with N,N-dimethylformamide, and then dried in an oven at 60 °C to obtain a white precursor.

[0044] The prepared precursor and potassium bicarbonate were ground at a 1:1 mass ratio and then carbonized at 900℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After etching with 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 0.5 hours, the mixture was washed three times with water and ethanol, dried, and then calcined at 600℃ in an ammonia atmosphere to obtain the carbon material C-Ca. Subsequently, C-Ca and sulfur powder were mixed evenly at a 1:10 mass ratio and calcined at 155℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere. o After heating at C for 12 hours and then naturally cooling to room temperature, a composite electrode material (C-Ca-S) is obtained.

[0045] The composite electrode material C-Ca-S was used to fabricate electrode sheets and assemble RTNa-S in the same manner as in Example 1. The rate performance of the assembled battery is as follows: Figure 6 ; Figure 6 The vertical axis represents the charging specific capacity. Figure 6 The x-axis represents the number of iterations.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] 1.2 g MnCl2·4H2O and 0.9 g NTA were added to 30 ml of isopropanol with stirring. After stirring for 10 minutes, 10 ml of deionized water was added to the solution, and stirring was continued for 30 minutes. The mixture was then transferred to a high-pressure reactor and reacted at 180 °C for 6 hours. After naturally cooling to room temperature, the precipitate was collected by centrifugation, washed several times with ethanol, and then dried overnight in an oven at 60 °C. The resulting sample was Mn-NTA.

[0048] Mn-NTA precursor and potassium bicarbonate were ground in a 1:1 mass ratio and then carbonized in an N2 atmosphere. The mixture was then etched with a 3 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 2 h, followed by washing three times with water and ethanol. After drying, it was treated at 800 °C for 2 h in an NH3 atmosphere to obtain a carbon-based material loaded with Mn single atoms, Mn-N / CNs. Subsequently, Mn-N / CNs and sulfur powder were mixed uniformly in a 1:1 mass ratio and then treated at 155 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. o After heating at C for 20 hours and then naturally cooling to room temperature, a composite electrode material (Mn-N / CNs-S) loaded with Mn single atoms was obtained.

[0049] The composite electrode material Mn-N / CNs-S was used to fabricate electrode sheets and RTNa-S was assembled using the same method as in Example 1. The rate performance of the assembled battery is as follows: Figure 7 ; Figure 7 The vertical axis represents the charging specific capacity. Figure 7 The x-axis represents the number of iterations.

[0050] Example 5

[0051] First, 11.1 g of 2-methylimidazole was dissolved in 35 mL of methanol, denoted as solution A. Then, 0.5 g of ZnO was dispersed in 100 mL of methanol and sonicated for 30 min, denoted as solution B. Next, solution A was slowly added dropwise to solution B while continuously stirring, and stirring was continued for 45 min. The mixture was then allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 h. After centrifugation, the product was collected and dried overnight in a 60 °C oven to obtain the precursor.

[0052] The precursor and potassium bicarbonate were ground at a 1:1 mass ratio and placed in a N2 atmosphere. The mixture was heated to 800°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min−1 and held at this temperature for 3 hours. Subsequently, residual metal in the product was further etched using dilute HCl. Finally, the product was collected and dried to obtain Zn−HCs. The Zn−HCs and sulfur powder were then mixed uniformly at a 1:1 mass ratio and heated at 155°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. o After heating at C for 12 hours and then naturally cooling to room temperature, the composite electrode material (Zn−HCs-S) is obtained.

[0053] The composite electrode material Zn−HCs-S was used to fabricate electrode sheets and assemble RTNa-S in the same manner as in Example 1. The rate performance of the assembled battery is as follows: Figure 8 ; Figure 8 The vertical axis represents the charging specific capacity. Figure 8 The x-axis represents the number of iterations.

[0054] Example 6

[0055] 1.2 g NiCl2·6H2O, 0.9 g aminotriacetic acid and 30 mL isopropanol were mixed in a 50 mL stainless steel autoclave, then 10 mL of water was added and stirred for 20 minutes. The mixture was then transferred to a stainless steel autoclave and reacted at 180 °C for 6 h. The mixture was collected by centrifugation, washed three times with ethanol, and then dried at 60 °C overnight to obtain the precursor Ni-NTA.

[0056] Ni-NTA and potassium bicarbonate were ground in a 1:1 mass ratio and annealed at 600°C for 2 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, the resulting black product was stirred in a mixed acid solution (40 mL HCl, 6 mol L⁻¹ and 40 mL HNO₃, 3 mol L⁻¹) at 80°C for 4 hours, collected, and dried to obtain N-CMs-600. Subsequently, N-CMs-600 and sulfur powder were mixed evenly in a 1:1 mass ratio and annealed at 155°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. o After heating at C for 20 hours and then naturally cooling to room temperature, the composite electrode material (N-CMs-600-S) is obtained.

[0057] The composite electrode material N-CMs-600-S was used to fabricate electrode sheets and assemble RTNa-S in the same manner as in Example 1. The rate performance of the assembled battery is as follows: Figure 9 ; Figure 9 The vertical axis represents the charging specific capacity. Figure 9 The x-axis represents the number of iterations.

[0058] Example 7

[0059] Aluminum chloride hexahydrate was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide and ultrasonically stirred for 15 min. Then, 2-aminoterephthalic acid (AAPD) was added to the solution, and the mixture was ultrasonically stirred for another 15 min. The starting material was placed in a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined high-pressure reactor and heated at 130 °C for 72 h. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and finally dried overnight at 60 °C. The resulting yellow precursor, Al-AAPD, was obtained.

[0060] The precursors Al-AAPD and potassium bicarbonate were ground in a 1:1 mass ratio and then heated to 800℃ in an argon atmosphere at a heating rate of 5℃ min−1 for 5 h. Residual metals were then further etched with dilute HCl, and the precipitate was collected by centrifugation and finally dried overnight in a 60℃ oven to obtain Al-supported single-atom porous carbon material (Al−O3N / NC-S). Subsequently, Al−O3N / NC and sulfur powder were mixed uniformly in a 1:1 mass ratio and heated at 155℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere. o After heating at C for 12 hours and then naturally cooling to room temperature, the composite electrode material (Al−O3N / NC-S) is obtained.

[0061] The composite electrode material Al−O3N / NC-S was used to fabricate electrode sheets and RTNa-S was assembled using the same method as in Example 1. The rate performance of the assembled battery is as follows: Figure 10 ; Figure 10 The vertical axis represents the charging specific capacity. Figure 10 The x-axis represents the number of iterations.

[0062] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a composite electrode material, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Dissolve anhydrous magnesium chloride and trimesic acid separately in N,N-dimethylformamide solution to form a transparent solution. Mix the anhydrous magnesium chloride solution and trimesic acid solution, stir until a precipitate is formed, and centrifuge to separate the prepared sample. Wash with N,N-dimethylformamide and dry to obtain a white precursor. Step 2: The white precursor and potassium bicarbonate were ground and carbonized in a nitrogen atmosphere, then etched with hydrochloric acid solution, washed with water and ethanol respectively, dried, and calcined in an ammonia atmosphere to obtain porous carbon material C-Mg; C-Mg and sulfur powder were mixed evenly, heated and kept at a temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain composite electrode material C-Mg-S loaded with Mg single atoms.

2. The method for preparing a composite electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the mass of anhydrous magnesium chloride is 50-300 mg; the mass of trimesic acid is 50-800 mg; the amount of N,N-dimethylformamide solution is 20 ml; the stirring temperature is 100-200℃; the stirring time is 0.2-5 h; the drying temperature is 30-120℃; and the nitrogen atmosphere is 155... o C.

3. The method for preparing a composite electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the mass ratio of the precursor to potassium bicarbonate is 1:(0.5~10); the carbonization temperature in nitrogen is 500-900℃; the etching time in hydrochloric acid is 0.2-24h; the calcination temperature in ammonia is 600-900℃; and the mixing ratio of C-Mg and sulfur powder is 1:(1-10); 155 o The incubation time is 0.5-24 hours.

4. A composite electrode material, characterized in that: The composite electrode material is prepared by any one of the methods described in claims 1-3, and the composite electrode material has a three-dimensional porous microstructure.

5. A battery, characterized in that: The battery is a room temperature sodium-sulfur battery, and the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery contains the composite electrode material as described in claim 4.

6. A battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The room temperature sodium-sulfur battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, a separator, and a casing. The composite electrode material serves as the positive electrode material, and metallic sodium serves as the negative electrode material. The separator is a composite membrane composed of one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene microporous membrane, glass fiber membrane, and nonwoven fabric membrane.

7. A battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The positive electrode sheet is obtained by coating a slurry, which is obtained by uniformly mixing the positive electrode material with a conductive agent, a binder and a dispersant, onto a current collector. The current collector is a porous, mesh or thin film material such as carbon cloth, stainless steel, nickel and aluminum, or carbon-coated aluminum foil. The negative electrode sheet is made of sodium foil.

8. A battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electrolyte is obtained by dissolving a sodium salt in an organic solvent. The sodium salt is one or more of sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate, sodium perchlorate, sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, sodium hexafluorophosphate, and sodium nitrate. The organic solvent is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, fluoroethylene carbonate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-cyclopentanediol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

9. A battery according to claim 8, characterized in that: The room-temperature sodium-sulfur battery was tested at current densities of 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C, 1.0C, 2.0C, 5.0C, and 10C, with 1C = 1675mAh, and corresponding average capacities of 1136, 1075, 1015, 970, 917, 822, and 680 mAh g. -1 .

10. A battery according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer casing of the room temperature sodium-sulfur battery is made of one or more of aluminum, aluminum-plastic film, or stainless steel, and is in the shape of a button, column, or square.

Images