Fuel cell dual-temperature closed-loop control method, device, system and program
By employing a dual-temperature closed-loop control method, the radiator speed is dynamically adjusted using data tables and PID algorithms, thus solving the problems of accuracy and stability in stack outlet temperature control under complex operating conditions in fuel cell vehicles, achieving rapid response and high adaptability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing fuel cell vehicles suffer from problems such as poor accuracy, slow convergence speed, and insufficient environmental adaptability in controlling the stack outlet temperature under complex operating conditions and multi-source disturbances.
A dual-temperature closed-loop control method is adopted. By acquiring the temperature and current values of the fuel cell outlet and the radiator outlet in real time, and using a preset data table and PID algorithm, the radiator speed is dynamically adjusted to achieve precise temperature control.
It improves the accuracy and stability of stack outlet temperature control, shortens temperature convergence time, reduces steady-state error and overshoot, and enhances the adaptability of fuel cells under different environments and load scenarios.
Smart Images
Figure CN121662868A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell thermal management technology, specifically to a fuel cell dual-temperature closed-loop control method, device, system, and program. Background Technology
[0002] During operation, the power generation efficiency, lifespan, and safety of fuel cell vehicles are highly sensitive to temperature. Excessive stack temperature can easily cause membrane electrode dehydration, material aging, and performance degradation, while excessively low temperature may lead to water retention, reduced reaction rate, and limited output power. Therefore, in engineering, it is usually required that the stack outlet temperature be kept within a certain range and as stable as possible.
[0003] The operating conditions of a vehicle are highly non-constant. Vehicle acceleration, climbing, braking, and frequent switching of operating conditions cause rapid changes in the fuel cell load. External environmental factors such as seasonal temperature differences, altitude, wind speed, and duct obstruction also contribute to these variations. These factors cause significant changes in the radiator's air-side heat transfer capacity with vehicle speed and air density. Furthermore, the cooling circuit itself exhibits significant thermal inertia and heat transfer nonlinearity, making temperature control a multivariable, strongly coupled, and time-delayed problem. Existing methods generally face the following limitations in engineering practice: First, control based on a single temperature point or fixed target value is prone to target deviation under conditions of cross-seasons, cross-altitudes, and different vehicle speeds, making it difficult to balance steady-state error and overshoot. Second, the heat transfer process is highly sensitive to air-side and liquid-side flow rates, ambient temperature, and wind speed. Traditional control strategies relying on empirical mapping or piecewise thresholds require extensive recalibration due to environmental and manufacturing discrepancies and component aging, resulting in high maintenance costs.
[0004] In summary, improving the accuracy, convergence speed, and environmental adaptability of fuel cell stack outlet temperature control under complex operating conditions and multi-source disturbances remains a key technical challenge in the thermal management of fuel cell vehicles. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a method, apparatus, system, and program for dual-temperature closed-loop control of fuel cells, in order to solve the problem of poor adaptability of fuel cells in the prior art.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a dual-temperature closed-loop control method for a fuel cell, the method comprising: Real-time acquisition of the output current value and actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet, and the actual temperature at the radiator outlet; The first target temperature at the fuel cell outlet is determined based on the output current value and a preset first data table; the preset first data table stores the mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature. The target temperature compensation for the fuel cell outlet is determined based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, and the preset second data table. The preset second data table stores the temperature difference between the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature, and the mapping relationship between the target temperature compensation. The second target temperature of the radiator outlet is determined based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the radiator outlet, and the target temperature compensation. The target rotational speed of the radiator is determined based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and the radiator is controlled to operate at the target rotational speed.
[0007] In this embodiment of the application, the step of determining the target temperature compensation of the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, and the preset second data table includes: determining the temperature difference of the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature; and determining the target compensation temperature of the fuel cell outlet based on the temperature difference and the preset second data table.
[0008] In this embodiment of the application, determining the target rotational speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the second target temperature includes: determining the target rotational speed according to formula (1): (1) in, The target rotational speed; The second target temperature; This is the actual temperature at the radiator outlet. , and These are the adjustment coefficients for proportional, integral, and derivative operations in the PID algorithm, respectively.
[0009] In this embodiment of the application, the step of determining the second target temperature of the heat sink outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the heat sink outlet, and the target temperature compensation includes: determining the second target temperature based on the actual temperature of the heat sink outlet and the target temperature compensation while maintaining the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet at the first target temperature.
[0010] In this embodiment of the application, determining the second target temperature based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the target temperature compensation includes: determining the second target temperature according to formula (2): (2) in, The second target temperature; This is the actual temperature at the radiator outlet. For target temperature compensation.
[0011] A second aspect of this application provides a dual-temperature closed-loop control device for a fuel cell, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring in real time the output current value and actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, and the actual temperature of the radiator outlet; a first determination module for determining a first target temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet based on the output current value and a preset first data table; the preset first data table stores a mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature; a second determination module for determining a target temperature compensation of the fuel cell stack outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, the first target temperature, and a preset second data table; the preset second data table stores a mapping relationship between the temperature difference between the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet and the first target temperature, and the target temperature compensation; a third determination module for determining a second target temperature of the radiator outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the radiator outlet, and the target temperature compensation; and a control module for determining a target rotational speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and controlling the radiator to operate at the target rotational speed.
[0012] A third aspect of this application provides a dual-temperature closed-loop control system for a fuel cell, including a controller, electrical equipment, a DC power supply, a fuel cell stack, and a heat sink. The DC power supply is connected to both the controller and the fuel cell stack, and is used to output a current value to the electrical equipment in response to an output current command sent by the controller. The output current command includes an output current value. A first temperature sensor is provided at the fuel cell stack outlet, and the first temperature sensor is connected to the controller. The first temperature sensor is used to collect the actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet and send the actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet to the controller. A second temperature sensor is provided at the heat sink outlet, and the second temperature sensor is connected to the controller. The second temperature sensor is used to collect the actual temperature at the heat sink outlet and send the actual temperature at the heat sink outlet to the controller. The controller is used to acquire the output current at the fuel cell stack outlet in real time. The system calculates the current value and actual temperature, and the actual temperature at the radiator outlet; determines the first target temperature at the fuel cell outlet based on the output current value and a preset first data table; the preset first data table stores the mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature; determines the target temperature compensation at the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, and a preset second data table; the preset second data table stores the mapping relationship between the temperature difference between the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature, and the target temperature compensation; determines the second target temperature at the radiator outlet based on the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature at the radiator outlet, and the target temperature compensation; and determines the target rotation speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and controls the radiator to operate at the target rotation speed.
[0013] In this embodiment of the application, the system further includes a water pump; the water pump is connected to the controller, the fuel cell stack and the radiator respectively, and is used to drive the coolant to circulate between the fuel cell stack and the radiator in response to the water pump speed control command sent by the controller.
[0014] The fourth aspect of this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned dual-temperature closed-loop control method for fuel cells.
[0015] The fifth aspect of this application provides a machine-readable storage medium storing instructions for causing a machine to execute the aforementioned dual-temperature closed-loop control method for fuel cells.
[0016] Through the above technical solution, a closed-loop link is established, which uses the output current value of the fuel cell stack outlet as the operating condition index, generates a first target temperature using a preset first data table, provides target temperature compensation using a preset second data table, and accurately decomposes the target on the fuel cell stack side into a second target temperature at the radiator outlet. Finally, the target speed of the radiator is determined and executed based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature. This ensures that the target setting matches the actual operating condition in real time, the temperature difference is compensated in a timely manner, and the target execution on the heat dissipation side is clearly achievable. This improves the accuracy and stability of the fuel cell stack outlet temperature control, shortens the temperature convergence time, reduces steady-state error and overshoot, maintains a consistent temperature control effect under different environments and load scenarios, and improves the adaptability of the fuel cell.
[0017] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description
[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of this application, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a dual-temperature closed-loop control method for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of this application is shown schematically. Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a dual-temperature closed-loop control method for a fuel cell according to another embodiment of this application is shown schematically. Figure 3 This schematic diagram illustrates the structure of a dual-temperature closed-loop control device for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 The diagram schematically illustrates a structural diagram of a dual-temperature closed-loop control device for a fuel cell according to another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of the embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this application involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.
[0021] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this application involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.
[0022] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a dual-temperature closed-loop control method for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of this application is shown schematically. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides a dual-temperature closed-loop control method for fuel cells, which may include the following steps.
[0023] Step 101: Real-time acquisition of the output current value and actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet, and the actual temperature at the radiator outlet.
[0024] In this embodiment, the fuel cell stack outlet refers to the water outlet position of the fuel cell stack cooling circuit, where a fuel cell stack outlet temperature sensor is installed to directly characterize the fuel cell stack's heating state; the output current value is the current quantity characterizing the current load level of the fuel cell stack, which can be provided by the measurement channel or control channel and used as an index for operating conditions; the actual temperature is the true temperature reading of the temperature sensor after necessary calibration and filtering, used to determine the thermal state; the actual temperature of the radiator outlet is the temperature of the coolant at the radiator outlet after heat exchange through the radiator, used to characterize the heat dissipation effect of the cooling circuit; the preset first data table is a mapping relationship based on bench and vehicle calibration, with the output current value as the index and the first target temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet as the table entry, used to map the load conditions to a reasonable temperature target.
[0025] Step 102: Determine the first target temperature at the fuel cell outlet based on the output current value and the preset first data table; the preset first data table stores the mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature.
[0026] In this embodiment, the first target temperature is a baseline target for the fuel cell outlet temperature that meets the requirements of fuel cell efficiency, durability, and safety boundaries. By acquiring the output current value and actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet, as well as the actual temperature at the radiator outlet, at the same sampling time, and looking up the output current value in a preset first data table to obtain the first target temperature at the fuel cell outlet, the target temperature is made self-adaptive to the current load, thereby improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the fuel cell outlet temperature target setting.
[0027] Step 103: Determine the target temperature compensation for the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, and the preset second data table; the preset second data table stores the temperature difference between the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature, and the mapping relationship between the target temperature compensation.
[0028] In this embodiment, the preset second data table can be based on the mapping relationship formed by bench and vehicle test calibration. It uses the temperature difference between the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature as an index, and the target temperature compensation at the fuel cell outlet as an entry. It can be set as a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional table to cover different loads, heat dissipation, and environmental conditions. The target temperature compensation at the fuel cell outlet is a numerical value used to correct the first target temperature, reflecting the correction of deviations caused by measurement errors, thermal inertia, and disturbances between the current operating condition and the basic target. The temperature difference is obtained by comparing the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet with the first target temperature. The corresponding compensation is then found in the preset second data table based on this temperature difference, thus obtaining the target temperature compensation at the fuel cell outlet. The technical effect is to improve the fit of the fuel cell outlet temperature target setting to real-time operating conditions, reduce static error and response lag, improve the accuracy and stability of temperature control, and reduce reliance on large-scale repeated calibration.
[0029] Step 104: Determine the second target temperature of the radiator outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the radiator outlet, and the target temperature compensation.
[0030] In this embodiment, the second target temperature at the radiator outlet is a target temperature value for the radiator outlet location under the current load and thermal conditions. It is used to indicate the heat transfer result that the radiator side should achieve so that the fuel cell outlet temperature converges to the first target temperature. The temperature difference is calculated by comparing the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet with the first target temperature, and the target temperature compensation is called accordingly. This compensation is then applied to the actual temperature at the radiator outlet to obtain the second target temperature at the radiator outlet. The effect is that the target on the radiator side is adaptively adjusted according to the deviation on the fuel cell side, improving the accuracy of the radiator outlet target setting and its matching degree with the current operating conditions, reducing the accumulation of temperature deviation and shortening the temperature convergence time, thereby improving the accuracy and response efficiency of temperature control.
[0031] Step 105: Determine the target rotation speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and control the radiator to run at the target rotation speed.
[0032] In this embodiment, the target rotational speed of the radiator is a setpoint calculated based on the deviation between the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature. This essentially corresponds to the rotational speed that the cooling fan should achieve to realize the required heat exchange intensity. Controlling the radiator to operate at the target rotational speed means converting this setpoint into a drive signal through characteristic mapping and sending it to the actuator under limiting and protection conditions, causing it to operate stably at the required speed. By determining the target rotational speed of the radiator based on the deviation between the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and executing this signal immediately, the actual temperature at the radiator outlet quickly converges to the second target temperature, thereby improving the accuracy and response speed of temperature control, reducing steady-state error and overshoot, and enhancing the stability of temperature control under different environments and load scenarios.
[0033] Through the above technical solution, a closed-loop link is established, which uses the output current value of the fuel cell stack outlet as the operating condition index, generates a first target temperature using a preset first data table, provides target temperature compensation using a preset second data table, and accurately decomposes the target on the fuel cell stack side into a second target temperature at the radiator outlet. Finally, the target speed of the radiator is determined and executed based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature. This ensures that the target setting matches the actual operating condition in real time, the temperature difference is compensated in a timely manner, and the target execution on the heat dissipation side is clearly achievable. This improves the accuracy and stability of the fuel cell stack outlet temperature control, shortens the temperature convergence time, reduces steady-state error and overshoot, maintains a consistent temperature control effect under different environments and load scenarios, and improves the adaptability of the fuel cell.
[0034] In this embodiment of the application, the step of determining the target temperature compensation of the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, and the preset second data table includes: determining the temperature difference of the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature; and determining the target compensation temperature of the fuel cell outlet based on the temperature difference and the preset second data table.
[0035] In this embodiment, the temperature difference at the fuel cell outlet refers to the difference between the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature calculated at the same sampling time. Its positive and negative directions are determined according to the index convention of a preset second data table, serving as the query input for that data table. The target compensation temperature at the fuel cell outlet is a temperature value mapped from the preset second data table based on the temperature difference at the fuel cell outlet. Its unit is consistent with temperature, and its value directly serves as the source of the target temperature compensation value for the fuel cell outlet. By first determining the temperature difference at the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature and the first target temperature, and then determining the target compensation temperature based on the temperature difference and the preset second data table, the target temperature compensation at the fuel cell outlet is obtained. This allows the target temperature to quantitatively correct real-time deviations, improving the accuracy and anti-disturbance capability of the fuel cell outlet target setting, reducing static error, and shortening the convergence time.
[0036] In this embodiment of the application, determining the target rotational speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the second target temperature includes: determining the target rotational speed according to formula (1): (1) in, The target rotational speed; The second target temperature; This is the actual temperature at the radiator outlet. , and These are the adjustment coefficients for proportional, integral, and derivative operations in the PID algorithm, respectively.
[0037] In this embodiment of the application, the step of determining the second target temperature of the heat sink outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the heat sink outlet, and the target temperature compensation includes: determining the second target temperature based on the actual temperature of the heat sink outlet and the target temperature compensation while maintaining the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet at the first target temperature.
[0038] In this embodiment, the condition that the actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet remains at the first target temperature is used to determine whether the fuel cell stack is in a stable or quasi-stable state. Specifically, this can be understood as the actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet being consistent with the first target temperature within a preset tolerance range and continuous time window, thus establishing the calculation of the heat dissipation target on the premise that the fuel cell stack has already met the target. The second target temperature is determined based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the target temperature compensation. This means that the actual temperature at the radiator outlet is used as a reference quantity, and the reference is quantitatively corrected in combination with the target temperature compensation to obtain the second target temperature at the radiator outlet, which is used to characterize the heat transfer target that the radiator side should achieve under the current thermal state. Through the above-mentioned limiting conditions and correction relationships, the second target temperature is coordinated with the target state of the fuel cell stack and self-adapted with the actual temperature at the radiator outlet. This reduces the coupling error between the fuel cell stack and the heat dissipation side from a mechanism perspective, reduces steady-state deviation and overshoot, and accelerates the convergence of the radiator outlet temperature to the target, improving the accuracy and response efficiency of temperature control, while reducing the dependence on large-scale repeated calibration.
[0039] In this embodiment of the application, determining the second target temperature based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the target temperature compensation includes: determining the second target temperature according to formula (2): (2) in, The second target temperature; This is the actual temperature at the radiator outlet. For target temperature compensation.
[0040] Through the above technical solution, the first target temperature is obtained sequentially from the output current value of the fuel cell stack outlet using a preset first data table. Then, the target temperature compensation of the fuel cell stack outlet is obtained by combining the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet with the first target temperature and a preset second data table. Under the premise that the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet is maintained at the first target temperature, the second target temperature of the radiator outlet is obtained by combining the actual temperature of the radiator outlet with the target temperature compensation. Finally, the target speed of the radiator is determined and executed based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the second target temperature. This allows the target setting to match the actual operating conditions in real time, the temperature difference to be corrected in a timely manner, and the target on the fuel cell side to be converted into an executable target on the radiator side. This improves the accuracy and stability of the fuel cell stack outlet temperature control, shortens the temperature convergence time, reduces steady-state error and overshoot, maintains a consistent temperature control effect under different environmental and load conditions, and improves the adaptability of the fuel cell.
[0041] The following is an embodiment of this application: Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a dual-temperature closed-loop control method for a fuel cell according to another embodiment of this application is shown schematically. Figure 2As shown. On the left, the first target temperature of the fuel cell outlet is obtained by looking up Table 1 (preset first data table) based on the fuel cell output current. This first target temperature is then fed into Table 2 to map to the basic target temperature. Simultaneously, it forms a temperature difference with the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet. A deviation compensation algorithm is used to obtain the compensation target temperature (i.e., the quantified result of the target temperature compensation at the fuel cell outlet). The basic target temperature and the compensation target temperature are combined in an adder to generate the second target temperature of the radiator outlet. In the middle section, the second target temperature of the radiator outlet is compared with the actual temperature of the radiator outlet to form a temperature deviation. This temperature deviation is then used by a PID algorithm to calculate the target fan speed. The target speed is then exchanged with the heat sink through the fan, so that the actual temperature at the heat sink outlet tracks the second target temperature. The coolant after heat exchange returns to the fuel cell stack side and forms the actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet on the right end. The actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet is fed back through the red outer ring for compensation algorithm and target update, and the actual temperature at the heat sink outlet is fed back through the yellow inner ring for PID error calculation. Thus, the outer ring realizes the adjustment of the target on the heat sink side driven by the target on the fuel cell stack side, and the inner ring realizes the adjustment of the target fan speed driven by the temperature error on the heat sink side. The two rings work together to ensure that the target temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet is self-adapted to the current operating conditions and converges quickly and stably.
[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a dual-temperature closed-loop control device for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 As shown in the figure. This application provides a dual-temperature closed-loop control device for a fuel cell, which may include: an acquisition module 310, used to acquire in real time the output current value and actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, and the actual temperature of the radiator outlet; a first determination module 320, used to determine a first target temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet based on the output current value and a preset first data table; the preset first data table stores a mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature; a second determination module 330, used to determine a target temperature compensation for the fuel cell stack outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, the first target temperature, and a preset second data table; the preset second data table stores a mapping relationship between the temperature difference between the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet and the first target temperature, and the target temperature compensation; a third determination module 340, used to determine a second target temperature of the radiator outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the radiator outlet, and the target temperature compensation; and a control module 350, used to determine the target rotational speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and control the radiator to operate at the target rotational speed.
[0043] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrates the structure of a dual-temperature closed-loop control device for a fuel cell according to another embodiment of this application. Figure 4As shown. The top section is the fuel cell system controller. On one side, it receives upward measurement signals such as the stack outlet temperature, radiator inlet temperature, radiator outlet temperature, and ambient temperature. On the other side, it sends water pump speed control commands and fan speed control commands to the actuator, while also using the stack output current command as an operating condition index. On the left, the electrical equipment forms a load path with the stack via a DC-DC converter. The stack sends its output current and outlet temperature, reflecting the heat load, back to the controller. The central cooling circuit maintains flow through a water tank and water pump. Coolant flows from the stack outlet through the water pump into the radiator, undergoes heat exchange on the air side of the cooling fan gain, and returns from the radiator outlet to the stack inlet. Temperature sensors are placed at the radiator inlet and outlet to provide inlet and outlet temperatures, respectively. A temperature sensor is placed at the stack outlet to provide the stack outlet temperature. Ambient temperature is collected at the front of the vehicle or the air intake. The controller obtains the stack output current command and a preset first data table in real time. The first target temperature at the outlet is determined. Then, based on the temperature difference between the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature, a target temperature compensation for the fuel cell outlet is obtained by referring to a preset second data table. Under the premise that the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet is maintained at the first target temperature, the second target temperature for the radiator outlet is generated by combining the actual temperature at the radiator outlet with the compensation. Subsequently, the target fan speed is determined by the deviation between the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and a fan speed control command is issued. At the same time, the coolant circulation and heat exchange coupling are ensured by the water pump speed control command, so that the actual temperature at the radiator outlet converges to the second target temperature and acts on the fuel cell outlet temperature through the loop. In this way, the temperature target indexed by the fuel cell output current command is transmitted layer by layer and falls on the executable quantities of the fan and water pump, closing the dual temperature closed loop of "measurement-target-execution-feedback", realizing a one-to-one correspondence and complete coverage of all the above steps in the hardware and signal paths.
[0044] This application embodiment also provides a fuel cell dual-temperature closed-loop control device, including: an acquisition module 310, used to acquire in real time the output current value and actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, and the actual temperature of the radiator outlet; a first determination module 320, used to determine a first target temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet based on the output current value and a preset first data table; the preset first data table stores a mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature; a second determination module 330, used to determine a target temperature compensation of the fuel cell stack outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, the first target temperature, and a preset second data table; the preset second data table stores a mapping relationship between the temperature difference between the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet and the first target temperature, and the target temperature compensation; a third determination module 340, used to determine a second target temperature of the radiator outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the radiator outlet, and the target temperature compensation; and a control module 350, used to determine the target rotation speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and control the radiator to operate at the target rotation speed.
[0045] This application embodiment also provides a dual-temperature closed-loop control system for a fuel cell, including a controller, electrical equipment, a DC power supply, a fuel cell stack, and a heat sink. The DC power supply is connected to both the controller and the fuel cell stack, and is used to output a current value to the electrical equipment in response to an output current command sent by the controller. The output current command includes an output current value. A first temperature sensor is provided at the fuel cell stack outlet, and the first temperature sensor is connected to the controller. The first temperature sensor is used to collect the actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet and send the actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet to the controller. A second temperature sensor is provided at the heat sink outlet, and the second temperature sensor is connected to the controller. The second temperature sensor is used to collect the actual temperature at the heat sink outlet and send the actual temperature at the heat sink outlet to the controller. The controller is used to acquire the output current at the fuel cell stack outlet in real time. The system calculates the current value and actual temperature, and the actual temperature at the radiator outlet; determines the first target temperature at the fuel cell outlet based on the output current value and a preset first data table; the preset first data table stores the mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature; determines the target temperature compensation at the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, and a preset second data table; the preset second data table stores the mapping relationship between the temperature difference between the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature, and the target temperature compensation; determines the second target temperature at the radiator outlet based on the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature at the radiator outlet, and the target temperature compensation; and determines the target rotation speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and controls the radiator to operate at the target rotation speed.
[0046] In this embodiment of the application, the system may further include a water pump connected to the controller, the fuel cell stack, and the radiator, respectively, for driving coolant to circulate between the fuel cell stack and the radiator in response to a water pump speed control command sent by the controller.
[0047] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described dual-temperature closed-loop control method for fuel cells.
[0048] This application also provides a machine-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a machine to execute the above-described fuel cell dual-temperature closed-loop control method.
[0049] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
[0050] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.
[0051] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.
[0052] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.
[0053] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
[0054] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
[0055] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
[0056] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.
[0057] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A dual-temperature closed-loop control method for a fuel cell, characterized in that, The method includes: Real-time acquisition of the output current value and actual temperature at the fuel cell stack outlet, and the actual temperature at the radiator outlet; The first target temperature of the fuel cell outlet is determined based on the output current value and a preset first data table; the preset first data table stores the mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature. The target temperature compensation for the fuel cell outlet is determined based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, and a preset second data table; the preset second data table stores the temperature difference between the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature, and the mapping relationship between the target temperature compensation. The second target temperature of the heat sink outlet is determined based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the heat sink outlet, and the target temperature compensation. The target rotational speed of the radiator is determined based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and the radiator is controlled to operate at the target rotational speed.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the target temperature compensation for the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, and a preset second data table includes: The temperature difference at the fuel cell outlet is determined based on the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature. The target compensation temperature at the fuel cell outlet is determined based on the temperature difference and a preset second data table.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Determining the target rotation speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the second target temperature includes: The target rotational speed is determined according to formula (1): （1） in, The target rotational speed; The second target temperature; This refers to the actual temperature at the outlet of the radiator; , and These are the adjustment coefficients for proportional, integral, and derivative operations in the PID algorithm, respectively.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the second target temperature of the heat sink outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the heat sink outlet, and the target temperature compensation includes: If the actual temperature at the fuel cell outlet is maintained at the first target temperature, the second target temperature is determined based on the actual temperature at the radiator outlet and the target temperature compensation.
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the second target temperature based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the target temperature compensation includes: The second target temperature is determined according to formula (2): （2） in, The second target temperature; This refers to the actual temperature at the outlet of the radiator; For the target temperature compensation.
6. A dual-temperature closed-loop control device for a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the output current value and actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet and the actual temperature of the radiator outlet in real time. The first determining module is used to determine the first target temperature of the fuel cell outlet based on the output current value and a preset first data table. The preset first data table stores the mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature; The second determining module is used to determine the target temperature compensation of the fuel cell outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature and a preset second data table. The preset second data table stores the temperature difference between the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature, and the mapping relationship between the target temperature compensation. The third determining module is used to determine the second target temperature of the heat sink outlet based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the heat sink outlet, and the target temperature compensation. The control module is used to determine the target rotation speed of the radiator based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and to control the radiator to operate at the target rotation speed.
7. A dual-temperature closed-loop control system for a fuel cell, characterized in that, Includes controllers, electrical equipment, DC power supplies, fuel cells, and heat sinks; The DC power supply is connected to the controller and the fuel cell stack respectively, and is used to output a current value to the electrical device in response to the output current command sent by the controller; the output current command includes the output current value; The fuel cell stack outlet is equipped with a first temperature sensor, which is connected to the controller. The first temperature sensor is used to collect the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet and send the actual temperature of the fuel cell stack outlet to the controller. The radiator outlet is equipped with a second temperature sensor, which is connected to the controller. The second temperature sensor is used to collect the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and send the actual temperature of the radiator outlet to the controller. The controller is used to acquire the output current value and actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the actual temperature of the radiator outlet in real time. The first target temperature of the fuel cell outlet is determined based on the output current value and a preset first data table. The preset first data table stores the mapping relationship between the output current value and the first target temperature; The target temperature compensation for the fuel cell outlet is determined based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, and a preset second data table; the preset second data table stores the temperature difference between the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet and the first target temperature, and the mapping relationship between the target temperature compensation. The second target temperature of the radiator outlet is determined based on the actual temperature of the fuel cell outlet, the first target temperature, the actual temperature of the radiator outlet, and the target temperature compensation; the target rotational speed of the radiator is determined based on the actual temperature of the radiator outlet and the second target temperature, and the radiator is controlled to operate at the target rotational speed.
8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system also includes a water pump; The water pump is connected to the controller, the fuel cell stack, and the radiator respectively, and is used to drive the coolant to circulate between the fuel cell stack and the radiator in response to the water pump speed control command sent by the controller.
9. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the dual-temperature closed-loop control method for fuel cells according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
10. A machine-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The machine-readable storage medium stores instructions for causing the machine to perform the fuel cell dual-temperature closed-loop control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.