Battery pack

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and particularly discloses a battery pack which comprises a box body assembly, a heat management assembly, a bottom protection plate and a battery cell, and the box body assembly is provided with a first opening; the heat management assembly at least partially covers the first opening, and the heat management assembly and the box body assembly jointly define a sealed space; the bottom protection plate is connected to the box body assembly and located on the side, away from the box body assembly, of the heat management assembly, and the bottom protection plate and the heat management assembly jointly define a pressure relief cavity; the battery cell is arranged in the sealed space; the heat management assembly is provided with a shunting cavity; the heat management assembly is further provided with a first damage area and a second damage area, and the first damage area is configured to allow eruption substances of the battery cell to enter the shunting cavity when the battery cell is subjected to valve spraying; the second damage area is configured to be damaged when the pressure in the flow dividing cavity is larger than a set threshold value, so that the pressure relief cavity can receive eruption matter from the flow dividing cavity. The redundant pressure relief channels are designed for pressure relief, so that the air tightness protection of the whole battery pack can be improved, and the pressure relief efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, thermal separation solutions for battery packs are becoming increasingly common. These solutions primarily involve placing the cell explosion-proof valve and the cell terminal on opposite sides. For example, the terminal is positioned above the cell, and the explosion-proof valve below it. The cell is supported by a cell support component, with a bottom protective plate installed on the side of the support component furthest from the cell. This design uses the space between the bottom protective plate and the support component as a pressure relief zone. The explosion-proof valve corresponds to the vent on the cell support plate. In the event of thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure material ejected from the cell directly enters the pressure relief zone through the vent, preventing damage to the electrical components above the cell. However, using the entire cavity above the bottom protective plate as a pressure relief zone also means that, in actual operating conditions, this zone can also function as a bottom impact zone. The bottom protective plate may be punctured due to impacts, affecting its airtightness and directly impacting the space containing the cell. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to further improve the airtightness protection of the entire package.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a battery pack having two perpendicular directions—a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction—comprising: The housing assembly has a first opening on one side along the third direction; A thermal management component at least partially covers the first opening, and the thermal management component and the housing component together enclose a sealed space; A bottom protective plate is connected to the housing assembly and located on the side of the thermal management assembly away from the housing assembly. The bottom protective plate and the thermal management assembly together enclose a pressure relief chamber. The battery cell is disposed within the sealed space and connected to the thermal management assembly; The thermal management component has a diversion cavity extending along the first direction, the diversion cavity being located between the sealing space and the pressure relief cavity; the thermal management component also has a first destruction region and a second destruction region, the first destruction region being located on the side of the thermal management component facing the sealing space and configured to allow the ejected material from the battery cell to enter the diversion cavity when the cell ejection valve is activated; the second destruction region being located on the side of the thermal management component facing the pressure relief cavity and configured to be destroyed when the pressure in the diversion cavity exceeds a set threshold, so that the pressure relief cavity can receive the ejected material from the diversion cavity.

[0005] More preferably, the thermal management component includes: A first thermal management unit is connected to the battery cell. The sealed space is located between the first thermal management unit and the housing assembly. The first thermal management unit is provided with a third pressure relief hole, which is connected to the shunt cavity. A second thermal management section is disposed on the side of the first thermal management section away from the battery cell, and the second thermal management section and the first thermal management section together form the shunt cavity. The pressure relief cavity is disposed between the second thermal management section and the bottom protective plate. The second damage area is disposed in the second thermal management section. A first isolation section is disposed between the first thermal management section and the battery cell and blocks the third pressure relief hole. A first damage area is disposed in the first isolation section and is configured to be damaged when the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, so that the ejected material passes through the first isolation section and enters the diversion cavity. Wherein, along the third direction, the projection of the first damaged area onto the first thermal management unit at least partially overlaps with the third pressure relief hole.

[0006] More preferably, the thickness of the first damaged area is less than the thickness of other areas of the first isolation portion, or the first damaged area is a groove.

[0007] More preferably, the second thermal management section includes an adjacent second flat section and a second recessed section, the second recessed section having a second sidewall and a second bottom wall, the second flat section being connected to the first thermal management section, the second sidewall being connected to the second flat section and the second bottom wall, and the first thermal management section and the second recessed section being arranged to form the diversion cavity; The second damaged area is located on the second sidewall or the second bottom wall.

[0008] More preferably, the second damaged area is located in the second bottom wall; the second damaged area is a second weak area with a thickness of h. 723 The thickness of the second bottom wall is h. 722b And satisfying: 0.05≤h 723 / h 722b <1; or The second damaged area is located on the second sidewall; the second damaged area is the second weak zone and has a thickness of h. 723 The thickness of the second sidewall is h. 722a And satisfying: 0.05≤h 723 / h 722a <1.

[0009] More preferably, the housing assembly includes: Top cover; The frame includes a side frame and an inner frame. The side frame has a first opening and a second opening that are connected to each other on two opposite sides along the third direction. The top cover is connected to the side frame and closes the second opening. The first thermal management unit is connected to the side frame, and the top cover, the side frame, and the first thermal management unit together enclose the sealed space. The inner frame is located within the sealed space and connects the side frame and the first thermal management unit. The inner frame is at least partially hollow to form a first sub-exhaust path, and the side frame is at least partially hollow to form a second sub-exhaust path. The first thermal management unit also has a first exhaust hole, which is connected to the diversion cavity and spaced apart from the third pressure relief hole. The third pressure relief hole, the diversion cavity, the first exhaust hole, the first sub-exhaust path, and the second sub-exhaust path are sequentially connected.

[0010] More preferably, the inner frame extends along the second direction, and the end of the inner frame along the second direction is connected to the side frame, and the end of the inner frame along the third direction is connected to the first thermal management unit; the side frame is provided with a first air guide hole, and the first sub-exhaust path and the second sub-exhaust path are connected through the first air guide hole; the inner frame is provided with a second air guide hole, and the first exhaust hole and the first sub-exhaust path are connected through the second air guide hole; Wherein, the projected area S of the third pressure relief hole in the third direction 711 The first exhaust port has a projected area S in the third direction. 712 The second air guide hole has a projected area S in the third direction. 122b And the projected area S of the first air guide hole in the second direction 121b The relationship between S and S satisfies: 711 ≤S 712 ≤S 122b ≤S 121b .

[0011] More preferably, the thermal management component includes: A first thermal management section is connected to the battery cell, the sealed space is located between the first thermal management section and the housing assembly, and the first damaged area is located in the first thermal management section; A second thermal management section is disposed on the side of the first thermal management section away from the battery cell, and the second thermal management section and the first thermal management section together form the shunt cavity. The pressure relief cavity is disposed between the second thermal management section and the bottom protective plate. The second thermal management section has a fourth pressure relief hole, and the third pressure relief hole communicates with the shunt cavity. A first protective section is connected to the second thermal management section and blocks the fourth pressure relief hole. The second damage area is located in the first protective section. Along the third direction, the projection of the second damage area on the second thermal management section at least partially overlaps with the fourth pressure relief hole.

[0012] More preferably, the second thermal management section includes an adjacent second flat section and a second recessed section, the second recessed section having a second sidewall and a second bottom wall, the second flat section being connected to the first thermal management section, the second sidewall being connected to the second flat section and the second bottom wall, and the first thermal management section and the second recessed section being arranged to form the diversion cavity; The fourth pressure relief hole is located on the second side wall or the second bottom wall.

[0013] More preferably, the first protective part is a third balancing mechanism, the third balancing mechanism has an opening area, the opening area is configured to open when the pressure in the diversion cavity is greater than a set threshold, and the opening area serves as the second damage area.

[0014] More preferably, the thermal management component includes: A first thermal management section is connected to the battery cell, and the sealed space is disposed between the first thermal management section and the housing assembly; the first thermal management section includes a first recess, which protrudes in a direction away from the battery cell along the third direction; A second thermal management section is disposed on the side of the first thermal management section opposite to the battery cell; the pressure relief chamber is disposed between the second thermal management section and the bottom protective plate; the second thermal management section has a clearance area, and the first recessed portion passes through the clearance area; and... The second isolation section is disposed between the first thermal management section and the battery cell. The second isolation section covers the first recessed section and the two surround each other to form the shunt cavity. Wherein, the first damaged area is located in the second isolation part, and along the third direction, the projection of the first damaged area on the first thermal management part is at least partially located in the first recess; the second damaged area is located in the first recess.

[0015] More preferably, the first damaged area is a scratch; or The second isolation portion includes a main body and a first weak area. The main body is at least partially disposed around the first weak area, and the projection of the main body along the third direction onto the first thermal management portion at least surrounds the first recess. The thickness of the first weak area is less than the thickness of the main body, and the first weak area forms the first damage area.

[0016] More preferably, the first thermal management unit further includes a first positioning groove, which is disposed around the first recess and passes through the avoidance area; the first positioning groove is used to accommodate the second isolation part, and along the third direction, the depth of the first positioning groove is greater than or equal to the thickness of the second isolation part.

[0017] More preferably, the first recess has a first sidewall and a first bottom wall, the first sidewall being connected to the first slot and the first bottom wall respectively, and the second damaged area being located on the first sidewall or the first bottom wall.

[0018] More preferably, the second damaged area is located in the first bottom wall, and the second damaged area is a third weak area with a thickness of h. 715 The thickness of the first bottom wall is h. 714b And satisfying: 0.05≤h 715 / h 714b <1.

[0019] More preferably, the housing assembly includes: Top cover; The frame includes a side frame and an inner frame. The side frame has a first opening and a second opening that are connected to each other on two opposite sides along the third direction. The top cover is connected to the side frame and closes the second opening. The first thermal management unit is connected to the side frame, and the top cover, the side frame, and the first thermal management unit together enclose the sealed space. The inner frame is located within the sealed space and connects the side frame and the first thermal management unit. The inner frame is at least partially hollow to form a first sub-exhaust path, and the side frame is at least partially hollow to form a second sub-exhaust path. The second isolation part is located between the first recess and the inner frame. The second isolation part also has a second exhaust hole. The second exhaust hole is connected to the diversion cavity and is spaced apart from the first damage area. The diversion cavity, the second exhaust hole, the first sub-exhaust path and the second sub-exhaust path are connected sequentially.

[0020] More preferably, the thermal management component includes: A first thermal management unit is connected to the battery cell, and the sealed space is located between the first thermal management unit and the housing assembly. The first thermal management unit includes a first recess, which protrudes in a direction away from the battery cell along the third direction. The first recess has a fifth pressure relief hole, which communicates with the shunt cavity. A second thermal management section is disposed on the side of the first thermal management section away from the battery cell; the pressure relief chamber is disposed between the second thermal management section and the bottom protective plate; the second thermal management section has a clearance area, the first recessed portion passes through the clearance area, and the fifth pressure relief hole is located on the side of the clearance area facing the bottom protective plate; and, The second protective part is connected to the first recessed part and blocks the fifth pressure relief hole. The second damage area is located in the second protective part. Along the third direction, the projection of the second damage area on the first recessed part at least partially overlaps with the fifth pressure relief hole.

[0021] More preferably, the first thermal management section further includes a first flattening section, which is adjacent to the first recessed section; the first recessed section has a first sidewall and a first bottom wall, the first sidewall is connected to the first flattening section and the first bottom wall respectively, and the fifth pressure relief hole is located on the first sidewall or the first bottom wall.

[0022] More preferably, the second protective part is a third balancing mechanism, the third balancing mechanism has an opening area, the opening area is configured to open when the pressure in the diversion cavity is greater than a set threshold, and the opening area serves as the second damage area.

[0023] More preferably, the first thermal management section and the second thermal management section are further provided with a flow channel for containing the cooling medium, and the flow channel and the flow distribution cavity are spaced apart from each other.

[0024] More preferably, the end of the battery cell facing the bottom protective plate has an explosion-proof valve, and along the third direction, the projection of the first damaged area is at least partially located on the explosion-proof valve.

[0025] More preferably, the bottom protective plate has a through first pressure relief hole, which communicates with the pressure relief chamber, and the first pressure relief hole is used to discharge the exhaust material from the pressure relief chamber; The side frame opposite to the battery cell has a second pressure relief hole, which is connected to the second sub-venting path; It also includes a first balancing mechanism and a second balancing mechanism, wherein the first balancing mechanism is disposed at the first pressure relief hole and the second balancing mechanism is disposed at the second pressure relief hole.

[0026] The battery pack provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention encloses the thermal management component in the first opening, and together with the housing component, forms a sealed space. The battery cell is located within the sealed space. By simultaneously setting up a shunt chamber and a pressure relief chamber, compared to the original method of relying solely on a single bottom protective plate for sealing, the shunt chamber between the pressure relief chamber and the sealed space forms a second airtight seal. This can prevent the pressure relief chamber from failing due to bottom protective plate puncture under special operating conditions, thus directly affecting the sealed space and improving the overall safety of the package.

[0027] Furthermore, by setting a shunt chamber on the thermal management component, when the cell ejects gas, the ejected material can enter the shunt chamber, thereby achieving primary pressure relief. The bottom guard plate and the thermal management component together enclose the pressure relief chamber. The thermal management component also has a second destruction area facing the pressure relief chamber. When the pressure in the shunt chamber exceeds a set threshold, the second destruction area is destroyed, allowing the ejected material in the shunt chamber to further enter the pressure relief chamber, achieving secondary pressure relief. This invention improves pressure relief efficiency by designing redundant pressure relief channels and can meet the pressure relief requirements under different operating conditions, further improving the overall safety performance of the battery pack in the event of cell thermal runaway. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the structure of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a section at point C.

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the framework provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the side frame structure provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the inner frame provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom protective plate provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation section provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the battery cell provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of second thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 15 for Figure 14 A magnified view of a section at point D.

[0043] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the second type of multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 17 for Figure 16 A magnified view of a section at point E in the middle.

[0045] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of isolation section provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the third type of multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 20 for Figure 19 A magnified view of a section at point F.

[0048] Figure 21 This is an exploded view of the structure of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 22 This is an exploded view of the structure of the second thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 23 for Figure 22 A magnified view of a section at point G.

[0051] Figure 24 This is a cross-sectional view of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 25 for Figure 24 A magnified view of a section at point H.

[0053] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of second thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 27 for Figure 26 A magnified view of a section at point I.

[0055] Figure 28 This is a cross-sectional view of the second type of multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 29 for Figure 28 A magnified view of a section at point J.

[0057] Figure 30 This is an exploded view of the structure of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 31 This is a cross-sectional view of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 32 for Figure 31 A magnified view of the area at point K.

[0060] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 34 This is an exploded view of the structure of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 35 This is a cross-sectional view of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 36 for Figure 35 A magnified view of the area at point L.

[0064] Figure 37 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 38 for Figure 37 A magnified view of a section at point M.

[0066] Figure 39 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 40 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation section provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 41This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of first thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 42 for Figure 41 A magnified view of a portion of point N in the middle.

[0070] Figure 43 This is a cross-sectional view of the second type of multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 44 for Figure 43 A magnified view of the area at point O in the middle.

[0072] Figure 45 This is a cross-sectional view of the third type of multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 46 for Figure 45 A magnified view of a portion of point P in the middle.

[0074] Figure 47 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of isolation section provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 48 This is an exploded view of the structure of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 49 This is a cross-sectional view of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 50 for Figure 49 A magnified view of a portion of point Q.

[0078] Figure 51 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0079] Figure 52 for Figure 51 A magnified view of the area at point R in the middle.

[0080] Figure 53 This is a cross-sectional view of the second type of multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0081] Figure 54 for Figure 53 A magnified view of the area at point S in the middle.

[0082] Figure 55 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of first thermal management unit provided in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0083] Figure 56 for Figure 55A magnified view of the area at point T.

[0084] Figure 57 This is an exploded view of the structure of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment Six of the present invention.

[0085] Figure 58 This is a cross-sectional view of the multi-path pressure relief thermoelectric separation battery pack provided in Embodiment Six of the present invention.

[0086] Figure 59 for Figure 58 A magnified view of the area at point U.

[0087] Figure 60 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first thermal management unit provided in Embodiment Six of the present invention.

[0088] Figure label: 1. Housing assembly; 101. First opening; 102. Sealed space; 103. Second opening; 11. Top cover; 12. Frame; 121. Side frame; 121a. Second sub-exhaust path; 121b. First air vent; 121c. Second pressure relief hole; 122. Inner frame; 122a. First sub-exhaust path; 122b. Second air vent; 2. Battery cell; 21. Explosion-proof valve; 3. Adhesive; 4. Bottom protective plate; 41. First pressure relief hole; 5. First balancing mechanism; 6. Second balancing mechanism; 7. Thermal management component; 7a. First damaged area; 7b. Second damaged area; 701. Flow divider; 702. Pressure relief chamber; 703. Flow channel; 71. First thermal management section; 711. Third pressure relief hole; 712. First exhaust hole; 713. First locking groove; 714. First recess; 714a. First sidewall; 714b. Second sidewall; 715. Third weak area; 716. Fifth pressure relief hole; 717. First flat section; 72. Second thermal management section; 721. Second leveling section; 722. Second recessed section; 722a. Second side wall; 722b. Second bottom wall; 723. Second weak zone; 725. Fourth pressure relief hole; 726. Avoidance zone; 73. First isolation section; 74. First protection section; 75. Third balancing mechanism; 76. Second isolation section; 761. Main body section; 762. First weak zone; 763. Second vent; 77. Second protection section. Detailed Implementation

[0089] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0090] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0091] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" used to indicate orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0092] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0093] Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0094] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0095] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0096] Example 1 This embodiment provides a battery pack, such as Figure 1 As shown, the battery pack has a first direction X, a second direction Y, and a third direction Z that are perpendicular to each other.

[0097] like Figure 1 As shown, the battery pack includes a housing assembly 1, a thermal management assembly 7, a bottom protective plate 4, and battery cells 2; wherein, as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the housing assembly 1 has a first opening 101 on one side along the third direction Z, and the thermal management assembly 7 at least partially covers the first opening 101, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the thermal management component 7 and the housing component 1 together enclose a sealed space 102. The bottom protective plate 4 is connected to the housing component 1 and is located on the side of the thermal management component 7 away from the housing component 1. The bottom protective plate 4 and the thermal management component 7 together enclose a pressure relief chamber 702. The battery cell 2 is located in the sealed space 102 and connected to the thermal management component 7. In this way, the thermal management component 7 can separate the space where the battery cell 2 is located from the space above the bottom protective plate 4.

[0098] In some implementation methods, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6The thermal management component 7 has a diversion chamber 701 extending along a first direction X, the diversion chamber 701 being located between the sealing space 102 and the pressure relief chamber 702; the thermal management component 7 also has a first destruction region 7a and a second destruction region 7b, the first destruction region 7a being located on the side of the thermal management component 7 facing the sealing space 102 and configured to allow the ejected material of the battery cell 2 to enter the diversion chamber 701 when the battery cell 2 is ejected; the second destruction region 7b being located on the side of the thermal management component facing the pressure relief chamber 702 and configured to be destroyed when the pressure in the diversion chamber 701 is greater than a set threshold, so that the pressure relief chamber 702 can receive the ejected material from the diversion chamber 701.

[0099] Therefore, a diversion cavity 701 is added between the sealed space 102 and the pressure relief cavity 702. The diversion cavity 701 adds a layer of sealing, so even if the bottom protective plate 4 is punctured under special working conditions and the airtightness of the pressure relief cavity 702 fails, it can still ensure that the battery cell 2 in the sealed space 102 is not affected. In addition, there are some existing structures where the thermal management component 7 does not have a diversion cavity 701 and only has a destructible area on the thermal management component 7. When the battery cell 2 sprays, the ejected material will directly pass through the destructible area of ​​the thermal management component 7 and enter the pressure relief cavity 702. Although the destructible area has a certain sealing and protection effect, it is still a weak area relative to the thermal management component 7. When the bottom protective plate 4 is punctured, the destructible area will directly face the problem of corrosion from water vapor or foreign objects, which may lead to premature failure and thus affect the normal battery cell 2 corresponding to the destructible area. Therefore, the solution in this application, compared with the existing structure, the dual design of the first destructible area 7a and the second destructible area 7b can further improve the stability of the airtight structure.

[0100] Furthermore, when cell 2 ejects its valve, the first damaging region 7a is damaged, allowing the ejected material to enter the shunt chamber 701, thereby achieving primary pressure relief. Due to the isolation effect of the thermal management component 7, the ejected material entering the shunt chamber 701 will not induce thermal runaway in other normal cells 2, thus avoiding thermal diffusion or thermal propagation. The bottom protective plate 4 and the thermal management component 7 together enclose the pressure relief chamber 702. The thermal management component 7 also has a second damaging region 7b facing the pressure relief chamber 702. When the pressure in the shunt chamber 701 is greater than a set threshold, the second damaging region 7b is damaged, allowing the ejected material in the shunt chamber 701 to further enter the pressure relief chamber 702, achieving secondary pressure relief. This invention, by designing a two-stage pressure relief channel, can meet the pressure relief requirements under different operating conditions. For example, only the shunt chamber 701 is activated when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, while the pressure relief chamber 702 is further activated when multiple cells 2 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, which can further improve the overall safety performance of the package when a cell experiences thermal runaway.

[0101] It should be noted that the battery pack may contain multiple battery cells 2, and the thermal management component 7 also has multiple first damage areas 7a. When one of the battery cells 2 experiences thermal runaway, the instantaneous impact force of the ejection valve of the battery cell 2 will damage the corresponding first damage area 7a, allowing ejected material, including gas or solid, to enter the diversion chamber 701. The pressure generated when the ejected material flows in the diversion chamber 701 is insufficient to damage adjacent or other first damage areas 7a, thereby preventing leakage from the diversion chamber 701 and affecting other normal battery cells 2.

[0102] In some implementations, such as Figure 13 As shown, the end of the battery cell 2 facing the bottom protective plate 4 has an explosion-proof valve 21, and along the third direction Z, the projection of the first damage area 7a on the battery cell 2 at least partially overlaps with the explosion-proof valve 21. Thus, when the battery cell 2 thermally runs away, the explosion-proof valve 21 is destroyed by the ejected material. Since the ejected material is in a high temperature and high pressure state, it will further destroy the first damage area 7a along the third direction Z, so that the ejected material enters the shunt chamber 701 to achieve pressure relief, thereby meeting the pressure relief requirements of the battery cell 2 and preventing the battery pack from catching fire and exploding.

[0103] In some embodiments, the battery cell 2 also has a terminal post located on the side of the battery cell 2 away from the explosion-proof valve 21. One end of the terminal post can be used to install electrical components such as CCS and high and low voltage wiring harnesses. By adopting this method, the terminal post and the explosion-proof valve 21 are located on opposite sides of the battery cell 2. When the battery cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, the ejected material from the battery cell 2 through the explosion-proof valve 21 directly destroys the first destruction area 7a and enters the shunt chamber 701, without contacting the electrical components and various wiring harnesses at the terminal post end. This effectively avoids the electrical components and wiring harnesses being burned and damaged, thereby ensuring the use of other normal battery cells 2.

[0104] In some implementations, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thermal management component 7 includes a first thermal management section 71, a second thermal management section 72, and a first isolation section 73.

[0105] In the above embodiment, the first thermal management unit 71 is connected to the battery cell 2 and supports the battery cell 2. The first thermal management unit 71 is also connected to the housing assembly 1 to seal the first opening 101. A sealing space 102 is located between the first thermal management unit 71 and the housing assembly 1. The first thermal management unit 71 is provided with a third pressure relief hole 711. Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the third pressure relief hole 711 is connected to the diversion chamber 701. Along the third direction Z, the orthogonal projection of the explosion-proof valve 21 on the first thermal management unit 71 is at least partially located in the third pressure relief hole 711, so that when the battery cell 2 sprays the valve, the ejected material can smoothly pass through the third pressure relief hole 711 and enter the diversion chamber 701 to achieve first-level pressure relief.

[0106] In the above embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the second thermal management section 72 is located on the side of the first thermal management section 71 away from the battery cell 2, and the second thermal management section 72 and the first thermal management section 71 together form a diversion cavity 701. The pressure relief cavity 702 is located between the second thermal management section 72 and the bottom protective plate 4. The second destruction area 7b is located in the second thermal management section 72. When the pressure in the diversion cavity 701 is greater than the set threshold, the second destruction area 7b is destroyed, allowing the ejected material in the diversion cavity 701 to further enter the pressure relief cavity 702, thereby achieving secondary pressure relief.

[0107] In some implementation methods, please refer to Figure 3 The first isolation section 73 is located between the first thermal management section 71 and the battery cell 2 and blocks the third pressure relief hole 711 to isolate the shunt chamber 701 and the sealing space 102, so that the sealing space 102 where the battery cell 2 is located can be sealed.

[0108] In some embodiments, to ensure that the ejected material can break through the first isolation section 73 and enter the diversion chamber 701 when the battery cell 2 is detonated, a first destruction region 7a is provided in the first isolation section 73. The first destruction region 7a is configured to be destroyed when the battery cell 2 is detonated due to thermal runaway, so that the ejected material can break through the first isolation section 73 and enter the diversion chamber 701. In order to improve the pressure relief efficiency, along the third direction Z, the projection of the first destruction region 7a on the first thermal management section 71 at least partially overlaps with the third pressure relief hole 711, so that the ejected material can directly enter the diversion chamber 701 after destroying the first destruction region 7a.

[0109] In some implementations, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the first thermal management unit 71 is connected to the battery cell 2 by adhesive 3. The first isolation unit 73 can also be used to prevent adhesive 3 from overflowing towards the battery cell explosion-proof valve 21, so as to avoid hindering the actuation of the battery cell explosion-proof valve 21 and affecting the discharge of ejected material, thus ensuring the safety performance of the whole package when the battery cell 2 thermally runs away.

[0110] In some embodiments, when there are multiple battery cells 2, the first isolation part 73 is provided with multiple first damage areas 7a, and the multiple first damage areas 7a correspond one-to-one with the explosion-proof valves 21 of the multiple battery cells 2. In this way, when a certain battery cell 2 ejects its valve, the ejected material can break through the corresponding first damage area 7a and enter the diversion cavity 701 and flow along the extension direction of the diversion cavity 701. Due to the isolation effect of the first isolation part 73, the ejected material entering the diversion cavity 701 will not induce other normal battery cells 2 to thermal runaway, thereby avoiding thermal diffusion or thermal propagation.

[0111] In some embodiments, to facilitate the ejected material breaking through the first destruction region 7a and entering the diversion cavity 701, the thickness of the first destruction region 7a is limited to be less than the thickness of other regions of the first isolation portion 73; that is, a thinning treatment is performed at the first destruction region 7a, such as... Figure 12 As shown, this is so that the first destruction area 7a can be broken through when the cell 2 is ejected, so as to guide the ejected material into the diversion chamber 701.

[0112] In other embodiments, the first damaging region 7a can also be a notch, such as... Figures 18-20 As shown, when cell 2 ejects, under high temperature and high pressure, at least a portion of the first isolation part 73 can be destroyed along the groove, so that the ejected material enters the shunt cavity 701. The groove can be a non-through-hole groove to prevent the ejected material in the shunt cavity 701 from inducing other normal cells 2 to thermal runaway, thereby avoiding thermal diffusion or thermal propagation.

[0113] In some embodiments, the second thermal management section 72 includes an adjacent second flat section 721 and a second recessed section 722. The second recessed section 722 has a second sidewall 722a and a second bottom wall 722b. The second flat section 721 is connected to the first thermal management section 71. The second sidewall 722a connects the second flat section 721 and the second bottom wall 722b. The first thermal management section 71 and the second recessed section 722 form a diversion cavity 701. The third pressure relief hole 711 corresponds to the diversion cavity 701 so that the ejected material enters the diversion cavity 701 to achieve pressure relief.

[0114] In some embodiments, the second damaged region 7b is located on the second sidewall 722a, and the second damaged region 7b is a second weak region 723 with a thickness of h. 723 The thickness of the second sidewall 722a is h. 722a And satisfying: 0.05≤h 723 / h 722a <1; such as Figures 14-17 As shown, h is limited 723 / h 722a <1, making the thickness of the second weak zone 723 thinner. When the pressure in the shunt cavity 701 exceeds the set threshold, the second weak zone 723 located on the second sidewall 722a is destroyed first, allowing the ejected material in the shunt cavity 701 to enter the pressure relief cavity 702 through the second sidewall 722a, thus meeting the pressure relief requirements of different cells and battery packs, further improving the overall safety performance of the pack during cell thermal runaway, while limiting 0.05≤h 723 / h 722a This limits the minimum opening threshold of the second weak zone 723, meaning that it can only be opened when the pressure inside the diversion chamber 701 is greater than the set minimum opening threshold.

[0115] In another embodiment, the second damaged region 7b is located in the second bottom wall 722b, and the second damaged region 7b is the second weak region 723 with a thickness of h. 723 The thickness of the second bottom wall 722b is h. 722b And satisfying: 0.05≤h 723 / h 722b <1; such as Figures 2-3 , Figures 6-7 As shown, similarly, h is limited. 723 / h 722b <1, making the thickness of the second weak zone 723 thinner. When the pressure in the shunt cavity 701 exceeds the set threshold, the second weak zone 723 located on the second bottom wall 722b is destroyed first, allowing the ejected material in the shunt cavity 701 to enter the pressure relief cavity 702 through the second bottom wall 722b, thus meeting the pressure relief requirements of different cells and battery packs, and further improving the overall safety performance of the pack in the event of cell thermal runaway; while limiting 0.05≤h 723 / h 722b This limits the minimum opening threshold of the second weak zone 723, meaning that it can only be opened when the pressure inside the diversion chamber 701 is greater than the set minimum opening threshold.

[0116] It should be noted that different destructive pressures can be achieved by setting different thicknesses for the second weak zone 723. The thickness of the second weak zone 723 can be flexibly adjusted according to the different pressure relief requirements of the battery pack. It can achieve pressure relief through a single path when a single cell thermally runs away, and can also meet the requirements of synchronous pressure relief through multiple paths when a single cell thermally runs away or multiple cells thermally run away simultaneously, thereby improving pressure relief efficiency.

[0117] In this embodiment, the second damaged area 7b is located on the second bottom wall 722b, along the third direction Z, and the projection of the third pressure relief hole 711 on the second thermal management unit 72 is at least partially offset from the second damaged area 7b; preferably, the projection of the third pressure relief hole 711 along the third direction Z on the second thermal management unit 72 is completely offset from the second damaged area 7b.

[0118] In another embodiment, to further improve the overall reliability of the package in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell, the second damage area 7b may also be provided on the second side wall 722a and the second bottom wall 722b.

[0119] In other embodiments, the second destruction region 7b may also be a non-through-hole type groove, with the groove provided on the second sidewall 722a and / or the second bottom wall 722b. In this way, when the pressure in the diversion cavity 701 is greater than a set threshold, at least a portion of the second destruction region 7b can be destroyed along the groove, so that the ejected material in the diversion cavity 701 can enter the pressure relief cavity 702.

[0120] In some implementations, such as Figure 1As shown, the housing assembly 1 includes a top cover 11 and a frame 12, specifically, as... Figures 8-10 As shown, the frame 12 includes a side frame 121 and an inner frame 122. The side frame 121 is generally square and has a first opening 101 and a second opening 103 on opposite sides along the third direction Z. The top cover 11 is connected to the side frame 121 and closes the second opening 103. The first heat management unit 71 is connected to the side frame 121 and covers the first opening 101. The top cover 11, the side frame 121, and the first heat management unit 71 together form a sealed space 102. The inner frame 122 is located in the sealed space 102 and connects the side frame 121 and the first heat management unit 71. The inner frame 122 is at least partially hollow to form a first sub-exhaust path 122a, and the side frame 121 is at least partially hollow to form a second sub-exhaust path 121a. The first heat management unit 71 also has a first exhaust hole 712, which is connected to the diversion chamber 701 and spaced apart from the third pressure relief hole 711. The third pressure relief hole 711, the diversion cavity 701, the first exhaust hole 712, the first sub-exhaust path 122a, and the second sub-exhaust path 121a are sequentially connected. Thus, when the cell 2 ejects the valve, the first destruction area 7a is destroyed, allowing the ejected material to enter the diversion cavity 701 through the third pressure relief hole 711. The ejected material flows along the diversion cavity 701, then enters the first sub-exhaust path 122a through the first exhaust hole 712, and finally enters the second sub-exhaust path 121a, thereby ensuring sufficient pressure relief space. This embodiment, by designing redundant pressure relief channels, can meet the pressure relief requirements of different cells and battery packs. The longer pressure relief channel design allows the ejected material to have enough time to cool down inside the pack, avoiding the problem of open flame caused by excessive temperature after ejection from the battery pack. It can also prevent the ejected material from inducing thermal runaway in other normal cells 2, thereby avoiding thermal diffusion or thermal propagation.

[0121] In the above embodiment, the inner frame 122 extends along the second direction Y, and the end of the inner frame 122 along the second direction Y is connected to the side frame 121, while the end of the inner frame 122 along the third direction Z is connected to the first heat management unit 71; the side frame 121 is provided with a first air guide hole 121b, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the first sub-exhaust path 122a and the second sub-exhaust path 121a are connected through the first air guide hole 121b; the inner frame 122 is provided with a second air guide hole 122b, as shown. Figure 10 As shown, the first exhaust port 712 and the first sub-exhaust path 122a are connected through the second air guide port 122b, so that the third pressure relief port 711, the diversion chamber 701, the first exhaust port 712, the second air guide port 122b, the first sub-exhaust path 122a, the first air guide port 121b and the second sub-exhaust path 121a are sequentially connected, as shown. Figure 4 As shown, this is to meet the pressure relief requirements of different cells and battery packs.

[0122] In addition, the second weak zone 723 set in the second thermal management section 72 does not damage the structure of the second thermal management section 72 itself, and will not damage the airtightness of the sealed space 102 jointly enclosed by the thermal management component 7 and the housing component 1 when the battery cell 2 does not experience thermal runaway.

[0123] In some embodiments, the third pressure relief hole 711 has a projected area S in the third direction Z. 711 The projected area S of the first exhaust port 712 in the third direction Z 712 The projected area S of the second air guide hole 122b in the third direction Z 122b And the projected area S of the first air guide hole 121b in the second direction Y 121b The relationship between S and S satisfies: 711 ≤S 712 ≤S 122b ≤S 121b This allows for a gradual channel to be provided for the ejected material, which can match the characteristics of fluid expansion, reduce flow resistance, and improve pressure relief efficiency.

[0124] In some embodiments, to further improve the pressure relief efficiency, the side frame 121 has a second pressure relief hole 121c on the side opposite to the battery cell 2, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the second pressure relief hole 121c is connected to the second sub-exhaust path 121a; it also includes a second balancing mechanism 6, which is located in the second pressure relief hole 121c. The second balancing mechanism 6 has an opening area, which is configured to open when the pressure in the second sub-exhaust path 121a is greater than a set threshold, so as to discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure ejected material to the outside of the battery pack in a timely manner, avoid causing the battery pack to explode, and improve the safety performance of the whole pack in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0125] In some embodiments, to further improve the pressure relief efficiency after the ejected material enters the pressure relief chamber 702, the bottom protective plate 4 has a through first pressure relief hole 41, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the first pressure relief hole 41 is connected to the pressure relief chamber 702. The first pressure relief hole 41 is used to discharge the effluent from the pressure relief chamber 702. It also includes a first balancing mechanism 5, which is located in the first pressure relief hole 41. The first balancing mechanism 5 has an opening area, which is configured to open when the pressure in the pressure relief chamber 702 is greater than a set threshold, so as to discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure ejected material to the outside of the battery pack in a timely manner, avoid causing the battery pack to explode, and improve the safety performance of the whole pack in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0126] In some embodiments, the first thermal management unit 71 and the second thermal management unit 72 are further provided with a flow channel 703 for containing a cooling medium. The flow channel 703 and the flow distribution cavity 701 are spaced apart from each other. The flow channel 703 is used to contain the cooling medium. The cooling medium is connected to the cooling system to realize the circulation of the cooling medium. The cooling medium can cool down the battery cell 2, extend the service life of the battery cell 2, and in the event of thermal runaway, the cooling medium can carry away some heat to prevent the ejected material from inducing other normal battery cells 2 to undergo thermal runaway, thereby avoiding heat diffusion or heat propagation.

[0127] In the above embodiment, the flow channel 703 is recessed in the second heat management section 72, and the first heat management section 71 is fitted and connected to the second heat management section 72 to achieve the sealing of the flow channel 703. The flow channel 703 can form a circulation loop in the second heat management section 72 to meet the circulation and delivery of the cooling medium.

[0128] Therefore, when thermal runaway occurs in cell 2, the ejected material from the explosion-proof valve 21 of cell 2 breaks through the first damage area 7a in the third direction Z and enters the diversion chamber 701 through the third pressure relief hole 711. The ejected material entering the diversion chamber 701 has two pressure relief channels. One is to flow along the diversion chamber 701 in the first direction X, and then sequentially along the first exhaust hole 712, the second vent hole 122b, the first sub-exhaust path 122a, the first vent hole 121b, and finally enter the second sub-exhaust path 121a. When the pressure in the second sub-exhaust path 121a is greater than that of the second balancing mechanism 6, When the set threshold is reached, the opening area of ​​the second balancing mechanism 6 opens, discharging the high-temperature and high-pressure ejected material to the outside of the battery pack; secondly, when the ejected material pressure in the shunt chamber 701 is greater than the set threshold, it can further damage the second damage area 7b along the third direction Z, causing the ejected material in the shunt chamber 701 to enter the pressure relief chamber 702. When the pressure in the pressure relief chamber 702 is greater than the set threshold of the first balancing mechanism 5, the opening area of ​​the first balancing mechanism 5 opens, discharging the high-temperature and high-pressure ejected material to the outside of the battery pack, thereby avoiding thermal runaway and thermal propagation, and improving the safety performance of the entire pack when the cell experiences thermal runaway.

[0129] For example, when the explosion-proof valve 21 of the battery cell 2 is set to spray, the instantaneous pressure is a, the damage pressure of the first damage zone 7a is b, and the damage pressure of the second damage zone 7b is c.

[0130] When b < a, c < a, and ab > c, when a single battery cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 destroys the first destruction region 7a along the third direction Z and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after destroying the first destruction region 7a is still greater than the destruction pressure of the second destruction region 7b, the ejected material continues to move along the third direction Z within the diversion chamber 701 and further destroys the second destruction region 7b before entering the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when a single battery cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material simultaneously has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - First exhaust hole 712 - Second air guide hole 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide hole 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief hole 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - Second damaged area 7b - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0131] When b < a, c < a, ab < c, and 2a - 2b > c, when a single cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 destroys the first destruction region 7a along the third direction Z and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material destroys the first destruction region 7a is less than the destruction pressure of the second destruction region 7b, the ejected material cannot destroy the second destruction region 7b and enter the pressure relief chamber 702 when moving along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701. In this case, when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material has only one pressure relief path: explosion-proof valve 21 - first destruction region 7a - third pressure relief hole 711 - diversion chamber 701 - first exhaust hole 712 - second vent hole 122b - first sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - first vent hole 121b - second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - second pressure relief hole 121c - second balancing mechanism 6. When two battery cells 2 simultaneously experience thermal runaway, the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material from the two cells 2 destroys the first destruction region 7a is greater than the destruction pressure of the second destruction region 7b. Therefore, as the ejected material moves along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701, it will further destroy the second destruction region 7b and enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when two or more battery cells 2 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, their ejected material has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - First exhaust hole 712 - Second air guide hole 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide hole 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief hole 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - Second damaged area 7b - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0132] Example 2 This embodiment provides a battery pack, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that: like Figure 21 As shown, the thermal management component 7 of this embodiment 2 includes a first thermal management unit 71, a second thermal management unit 72, and a first protective unit 74.

[0133] Specifically, the first thermal management section 71 is connected to the battery cell 2 and is used to support the battery cell 2. The first thermal management section 71 is connected to the housing assembly 1 to cover the first opening 101. The sealed space 102 is located between the first thermal management section 71 and the housing assembly 1. The first damage area 7a is located in the first thermal management section 71. The first damage area 7a can be a weak area or a non-through hole type groove to isolate the diversion cavity 701 and the sealed space 102, so that the sealed space 102 where the battery cell 2 is located can be sealed to meet the IP68 protection level of the whole package. And along the third direction Z, the projection of the first damage area 7a is at least partially located on the explosion-proof valve 21. When the battery cell 2 sprays, it can destroy the first damage area 7a, so that the ejected material enters the diversion cavity 701 to achieve pressure relief.

[0134] In the above embodiment, the second thermal management unit 72 is disposed on the side of the first thermal management unit 71 away from the battery cell 2, and the second thermal management unit 72 and the first thermal management unit 71 together form a diversion cavity 701. The pressure relief cavity 702 is disposed between the second thermal management unit 72 and the bottom protective plate 4. The second thermal management unit 72 is provided with a fourth pressure relief hole 725, and a third pressure relief hole 711 communicates with the diversion cavity 701. The first protective unit 74 is connected to the second thermal management unit 72 and blocks the fourth pressure relief hole 725. The second destruction area 7b is disposed on the first protective unit 74. Along the third direction Z, the projection of the second destruction area 7b on the second thermal management unit 72 at least partially overlaps with the fourth pressure relief hole 725. Thus, when the pressure in the diversion cavity 701 is greater than a set threshold, the second destruction area 7b is destroyed, allowing the ejected material in the diversion cavity 701 to further enter the pressure relief cavity 702, thereby achieving secondary pressure relief.

[0135] In some embodiments, the second thermal management section 72 includes an adjacent second flat section 721 and a second recessed section 722. The second recessed section 722 has a second sidewall 722a and a second bottom wall 722b. The second flat section 721 is connected to the first thermal management section 71. The second sidewall 722a connects the second flat section 721 and the second bottom wall 722b. The first thermal management section 71 and the second recessed section 722 enclose a diversion cavity 701. The first destruction area 7a corresponds to the diversion cavity 701 so that the ejected material enters the diversion cavity 701 to achieve pressure relief.

[0136] In some embodiments, the fourth pressure relief hole 725 is located on the second sidewall 722a, such as... Figures 22-25 As shown, the first protective part 74 is connected to the second side wall 722a and blocks the fourth pressure relief hole 725. When the pressure in the diversion chamber 701 is greater than the set threshold, the second destruction area 7b is destroyed, allowing the ejected material in the diversion chamber 701 to enter the pressure relief chamber 702 through the second side wall 722a to meet the pressure relief requirements of the cell and battery pack.

[0137] In another embodiment, the fourth pressure relief hole 725 is located in the second bottom wall 722b, such as... Figure 26-29 As shown, the first protective part 74 is connected to the second bottom wall 722b and blocks the fourth pressure relief hole 725. When the pressure in the diversion cavity 701 is greater than the set threshold, the second destruction area 7b is destroyed, allowing the ejected material in the diversion cavity 701 to enter the pressure relief cavity 702 through the second bottom wall 722b to meet the pressure relief requirements of the cell and battery pack.

[0138] In this embodiment, along the third direction Z, the projection of the third pressure relief hole 711 on the second thermal management unit 72 is at least partially offset from the second damage area 7b; preferably, the projection of the third pressure relief hole 711 along the third direction Z on the second thermal management unit 72 is completely offset from the second damage area 7b.

[0139] In other embodiments, the thermal management component 7 further includes a first isolation section 73. The structure and connection method of the first isolation section 73 refer to Embodiment 1. The first thermal management section 71 is provided with a third pressure relief hole 711, which communicates with the diversion cavity 701. The first isolation section 73 is disposed between the first thermal management section 71 and the battery cell 2 and blocks the third pressure relief hole 711. A first destruction region 7a is disposed in the first isolation section 73. The first destruction region 7a is configured to be destroyed when the battery cell 2 thermally runs away from the spray valve, so that the ejected material breaks through the first isolation section 73 and enters the diversion cavity 701. The projection of the first destruction region 7a on the first thermal management section 71 at least partially overlaps with the third pressure relief hole 711, so that the ejected material can directly enter the diversion cavity 701 after destroying the first destruction region 7a.

[0140] For example, when the explosion-proof valve 21 of the battery cell 2 is set to spray, the instantaneous pressure is a, the damage pressure of the first damage zone 7a is b, and the damage pressure of the second damage zone 7b is d.

[0141] When b < a, d < a, and ab > d, when a single battery cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 destroys the first destruction region 7a along the third direction Z and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after destroying the first destruction region 7a is still greater than the destruction pressure of the second destruction region 7b, the ejected material continues to move along the third direction Z within the diversion chamber 701 and further destroys the second destruction region 7b on the first protective part 74, causing the ejected material to enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when a single battery cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material simultaneously has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - First exhaust hole 712 - Second air guide hole 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide hole 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief hole 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - Fourth pressure relief hole 725 - Second damaged area 7b - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0142] When b < a, d < a, ab < d, and 2a - 2b > d, when a single cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 destroys the first destruction region 7a along the third direction Z and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material destroys the first destruction region 7a is less than the destruction pressure of the second destruction region 7b, the ejected material cannot destroy the second destruction region 7b and enter the pressure relief chamber 702 when moving along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701. In this case, when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material has only one pressure relief path: explosion-proof valve 21 - first destruction region 7a - third pressure relief hole 711 - diversion chamber 701 - first exhaust hole 712 - second vent hole 122b - first sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - first vent hole 121b - second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - second pressure relief hole 121c - second balancing mechanism 6. When two battery cells 2 simultaneously experience thermal runaway, the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material from the two cells 2 destroys the first destruction region 7a is greater than the destruction pressure of the second destruction region 7b. Therefore, as the ejected material moves along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701, it will further destroy the second destruction region 7b and enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when two or more battery cells 2 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, their ejected material has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - First exhaust hole 712 - Second air guide hole 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide hole 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief hole 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - Fourth pressure relief hole 725 - Second damaged area 7b - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0143] Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 2 is as follows: like Figures 30-33 As shown, in this embodiment, the first protective part 74 is the third balancing mechanism 75. The third balancing mechanism 75 is connected to the second thermal management part 72 and blocks the fourth pressure relief hole 725. The third balancing mechanism 75 has an opening area, which is configured to open when the pressure in the shunt chamber 701 is greater than a set threshold. The opening area is also the second damage area 7b. Thus, when the pressure in the shunt chamber 701 is greater than the set threshold, the opening area of ​​the third balancing mechanism 75 opens and promptly discharges the high-temperature and high-pressure ejected material to the pressure relief chamber 702, avoiding battery pack explosion and improving the overall safety performance of the pack in the event of cell thermal runaway.

[0144] It should be noted that under normal circumstances, the opening area of ​​the third balancing mechanism 75 is in a closed state to achieve its own sealing. The opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75 can be flexibly adjusted according to the different pressure relief requirements of the battery pack. It can achieve pressure relief through a single path when a single cell experiences thermal runaway, and it can also meet the requirement of synchronous pressure relief through multiple paths when a single cell or multiple cells experience thermal runaway simultaneously, thereby improving pressure relief efficiency.

[0145] For example, the instantaneous pressure of the explosion-proof valve 21 of the battery cell 2 is set to a, the destruction pressure of the first destruction zone 7a is b, and the opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75 is e.

[0146] When b < a, e < a, and ab > e, when a single cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 destroys the first destruction region 7a along the third direction Z and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after destroying the first destruction region 7a is still greater than the opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75, the ejected material continues to move along the third direction Z within the diversion chamber 701 and further opens the third balancing mechanism 75, causing the ejected material to enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material simultaneously has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - First exhaust hole 712 - Second air guide hole 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide hole 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief hole 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - Fourth pressure relief hole 725 - Third balancing mechanism 75 - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0147] When b < a, e < a, ab < e, and 2a - 2b > e, when a single cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 enters the diversion chamber 701 after destroying the first destruction area 7a along the third direction Z. Since the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material destroys the first destruction area 7a is less than the opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75, the ejected material cannot open the third balancing mechanism 75 when moving along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701. In this case, when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material has only one pressure relief path: explosion-proof valve 21 - first destruction area 7a - third pressure relief hole 711 - diversion chamber 701 - first exhaust hole 712 - second vent hole 122b - first sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - first vent hole 121b - second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - second pressure relief hole 121c - second balancing mechanism 6. When two battery cells 2 simultaneously experience thermal runaway, the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material from the two cells 2 disrupts the first disruption region 7a is greater than the opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75. Therefore, as the ejected material moves along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701, it will further open the second disruption region 7b and enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when two or more battery cells 2 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, their ejected material has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - First exhaust hole 712 - Second air guide hole 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide hole 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief hole 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Third pressure relief hole 711 - Diversion chamber 701 - Fourth pressure relief hole 725 - Third balancing mechanism 75 - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0148] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: like Figure 34 As shown, the thermal management component 7 in this embodiment includes a first thermal management unit 71, a second thermal management unit 72, and a second isolation unit 76.

[0149] In a specific embodiment, the first thermal management unit 71 is connected to the battery cell 2, and the sealed space 102 is disposed between the first thermal management unit 71 and the housing assembly 1; as shown Figures 35-38As shown, the first thermal management section 71 includes a first recessed portion 714, which protrudes along the third direction Z in a direction away from the battery cell 2. A second isolation section 76 is disposed between the first thermal management section 71 and the battery cell 2. The second isolation section 76 covers the first recessed portion 714, and the two surround each other to form a diversion cavity 701. A first damage area 7a is disposed in the second isolation section 76 and extends along the third direction Z. The projection of the first damage area 7a on the first thermal management section 71 is at least partially located in the first recessed portion 714, and the projection of the first damage area 7a is at least partially located in the explosion-proof valve 21. Thus, when the battery cell 2 thermally runs away from the valve, the ejected material can damage the first damage area 7a, allowing the ejected material to enter the diversion cavity 701, thereby achieving pressure relief.

[0150] In some embodiments, the second thermal management section 72 is disposed on the side of the first thermal management section 71 away from the battery cell 2, and the pressure relief chamber 702 is disposed between the second thermal management section 72 and the bottom protective plate 4; the second thermal management section 72 is provided with a clearance area 726, such as Figure 39 As shown, the first recess 714 passes through the avoidance area 726; the second destruction area 7b is located in the first recess 714. Thus, when the pressure in the diversion cavity 701 is greater than the set threshold, the second destruction area 7b is destroyed, allowing the ejected material in the diversion cavity 701 to further enter the pressure relief cavity 702, thereby improving the pressure relief efficiency.

[0151] It should be noted that the second thermal management section 72 is sealed to the first thermal management section 71, so that the pressure relief chamber 702 and the sealing space 102 form independent and closed chambers, so that the sealing space 102 where the battery cell 2 is located can be sealed.

[0152] In some implementations, the first damaging area 7a is a notch, such as... Figure 18 The structural design uses non-through-hole grooves to prevent the ejected material in the shunt cavity 701 from inducing thermal runaway in other normal cells 2, thereby avoiding thermal diffusion or thermal propagation.

[0153] In some implementations, such as Figure 40 As shown, the second isolation part 76 includes a main body 761 and a first weak area 762. The main body 761 is at least partially disposed around the first weak area 762, and the projection of the main body 761 along the third direction Z of the first thermal management part 71 at least surrounds the first recess 714, so that the second isolation part 76 can be sealed to the first thermal management part 71, thereby isolating the shunt cavity 701 and the sealing space 102, so that the sealing space 102 where the battery cell 2 is located can be sealed to meet the IP68 level protection of the whole package, without the need for IP68 level sealing protection design between the bottom protective plate 4 and the frame 12, reducing design difficulty and manufacturing cost.

[0154] In some embodiments, in order to facilitate the penetration of the first weak area 762 when the battery cell 2 is ejected, the thickness of the first weak area 762 is limited to be less than the thickness of the main body 761, and the first weak area 762 forms a first damage area 7a. When the battery cell 2 is ejected, the ejected material can first damage the first weak area 762 and enter the diversion chamber 701, without causing the entire first thermal management unit 71 to be damaged or fail.

[0155] In some embodiments, the first weak region 762 protrudes into the diversion cavity 701 relative to the main body 761, such as... Figure 36 and Figure 40 As shown; in another embodiment, the main body 761 is partially thinned to form a first weak region 762, that is, the first weak region 762 does not protrude from the main body 761, as shown. Figures 45-47 As shown.

[0156] In some embodiments, the first thermal management unit 71 further includes a first locking groove 713, which surrounds the first recess 714 and passes through the avoidance area 726. The first locking groove 713 is used to accommodate the second isolation part 76 to limit and fix the second isolation part 76, while sealing the second isolation part 76 and the first thermal management unit 71 and forming a diversion cavity 701.

[0157] In some embodiments, along the third direction Z, the depth of the first locking groove 713 is less than the thickness of the second isolation portion 76, so that the main body portion 761 protrudes at least partially from the first locking groove 713 in the third direction Z. On the one hand, the main body portion 761 can support the battery cell 2. On the other hand, the main body portion 761 can create a gap between the first thermal management portion 71 and the battery cell 2 to facilitate the application of the adhesive 3, so that the first thermal management portion 71 and the battery cell 2 are bonded together. In addition, the protruding portion of the main body portion 761 can also prevent the adhesive 3 from entering the first weak area 762, thereby ensuring the normal function of the first weak area 762, that is, it can be destroyed when the battery cell 2 is ejected so that the ejected material can enter the diversion chamber 701.

[0158] In some embodiments, the thickness of the adhesive 3 can be controlled by controlling the protrusion thickness of the main body 761.

[0159] In another embodiment, along the third direction Z, the depth of the first locking groove 713 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the second isolation portion 76, so that the main body portion 761 is completely embedded in the first locking groove 713. It should be noted that when the depth of the first locking groove 713 is greater than the thickness of the main body portion 761, the main body portion 761 and the battery cell 2 are connected by a sealing ring to prevent the adhesive 3 from entering the first weak area 762 and affecting the normal function of the first weak area 762.

[0160] In some embodiments, the first recess 714 has a first sidewall 714a and a first bottom wall 714b, the first sidewall 714a being connected to the first locking groove 713 and the first bottom wall 714b respectively, and the second damaged area 7b being located in the first bottom wall 714b, such as... Figures 35-38 As shown, the second damaged area 7b is the third weak area 715 with a thickness of h. 715 The thickness of the first bottom wall 714b is h. 714b And satisfying: 0.05≤h 715 / h 714b <1; limit h 715 / h 714b <1, making the thickness of the third weak zone 715 thinner. When the pressure in the shunt cavity 701 exceeds the set threshold, the third weak zone 715 located on the first bottom wall 714b is destroyed first, allowing the ejected material in the shunt cavity 701 to enter the pressure relief cavity 702 through the first bottom wall 714b, thus meeting the pressure relief requirements of different cells and battery packs, further improving the overall safety performance of the pack during cell thermal runaway, while limiting 0.05≤h 715 / h 714b This limits the minimum opening threshold of the third weak zone 715, meaning that it can only be opened when the pressure inside the diversion chamber 701 is greater than the set minimum opening threshold.

[0161] In another embodiment, the second damaged area 7b is located on the first sidewall 714a, as shown in the example. Figures 41-44 As shown, the second damaged area 7b is the third weak area 715 with a thickness of h. 715 The thickness of the first sidewall 714a is h. 714a And satisfying: 0.05≤h 715 / h 714a <1; Similarly, the thickness of the third weak zone 715 is relatively thin. When the pressure in the shunt cavity 701 is greater than the set threshold, the third weak zone 715 located in the first side wall 714a is destroyed first, so that the ejected material in the shunt cavity 701 enters the pressure relief cavity 702 through the first side wall 714a to meet the pressure relief requirements of different cells and battery packs.

[0162] It should be noted that different destructive pressures can be achieved by setting different thicknesses for the third weak zone 715. The thickness of the third weak zone 715 can be flexibly adjusted according to the different pressure relief requirements of the battery pack. It can achieve pressure relief through a single path when a single cell thermally runs away, and it can also meet the requirements of synchronous pressure relief through multiple paths when a single cell thermally runs away or multiple cells thermally run away simultaneously, thereby improving pressure relief efficiency.

[0163] In some embodiments, the housing assembly 1 includes a top cover 11 and a frame 12. Specifically, the frame 12 includes side frames 121 and an inner frame 122. The side frames 121 have a first opening 101 and a second opening 103 communicating on opposite sides along a third direction Z, as shown in the figure. Figures 8-10 The top cover 11 is connected to the side frame 121 and closes the second opening 103. The first heat management unit 71 is connected to the side frame 121 and closes the first opening 101. The top cover 11, the side frame 121, and the first heat management unit 71 together form a sealed space 102. The inner frame 122 is located within the sealed space 102 and connects the side frame 121 and the first heat management unit 71. The inner frame 122 is at least partially hollow, forming a first sub-exhaust path 122a, and the side frame 121 is at least partially hollow, forming a second sub-exhaust path 121a. The second isolation part 76 is located between the first recess 714 and the inner frame 122. Figure 40 As shown, the second isolation section 76 also has a second vent 763, which is connected to the diversion cavity 701 and spaced apart from the first destruction area 7a. The diversion cavity 701, the second vent 763, the first sub-vent path 122a, and the second sub-vent path 121a are sequentially connected. Thus, when the cell 2 ejects gas, the first destruction area 7a is destroyed, allowing the ejected material to enter the diversion cavity 701. The ejected material flows along the diversion cavity 701, then enters the first sub-vent path 122a through the second vent 763, and finally enters the second sub-vent path 121a, thereby ensuring sufficient pressure relief space. This embodiment, by designing redundant pressure relief channels, can meet the pressure relief requirements of different cells and battery packs, and can prevent the ejected material from inducing thermal runaway in other normal cells 2, thereby avoiding thermal diffusion or thermal propagation.

[0164] In the above embodiment, the inner frame 122 extends along the second direction Y, and the end of the inner frame 122 along the second direction Y is connected to the side frame 121, and the end of the inner frame 122 along the third direction Z is connected to the first thermal management unit 71; the side frame 121 is provided with a first vent 121b, and the first sub-venting path 122a and the second sub-venting path 121a are connected through the first vent 121b; the inner frame 122 is provided with a second vent 122b, and the first vent 712 and the first sub-venting path 122a are connected through the second vent 122b, so that the shunt chamber 701, the second vent 763, the second vent 122b, the first sub-venting path 122a, the first vent 121b and the second sub-venting path 121a are connected sequentially to meet the pressure relief requirements of different cells and battery packs.

[0165] In addition, setting a first weak zone 762 in the first thermal management section 71 does not damage the structure of the first thermal management section 71 itself. When the cell does not experience thermal runaway, it will not damage the reliable IP68 level seal of the sealed space 102 jointly enclosed by the thermal management component 7 and the housing component 1. There is no need to design an IP68 level seal between the bottom protective plate 4 and the frame 12, which reduces the design difficulty and manufacturing cost.

[0166] In some embodiments, the second vent 763 has a projected area S in the third direction Z. 763 The projected area S of the second air guide hole 122b in the third direction Z 122b And the projected area S of the first air guide hole 121b in the second direction Y 121b The relationship between S and S satisfies: 763 ≤S 122b ≤S 121b This allows for a gradual channel to be provided for the ejected material, which can match the characteristics of fluid expansion, reduce flow resistance, and improve pressure relief efficiency.

[0167] In some embodiments, to further improve the pressure relief efficiency, the side frame 121 has a second pressure relief hole 121c on the side opposite to the cell 2, and the second pressure relief hole 121c is connected to the second sub-exhaust path 121a; it also includes a second balancing mechanism 6, which is disposed in the second pressure relief hole 121c. The second balancing mechanism 6 has an opening area, which is configured to open when the pressure in the second sub-exhaust path 121a is greater than a set threshold, so as to promptly discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure ejected material to the outside of the battery pack, avoid causing the battery pack to explode, and improve the safety performance of the whole pack in the event of thermal runaway of the cell.

[0168] In some embodiments, after the ejected material enters the pressure relief chamber 702, in order to further improve the pressure relief efficiency, the bottom protective plate 4 has a through first pressure relief hole 41, which is connected to the pressure relief chamber 702 and is used to discharge the ejected material from the pressure relief chamber 702; it also includes a first balancing mechanism 5, which is disposed in the first pressure relief hole 41. The first balancing mechanism 5 has an opening area, which is configured to open when the pressure inside the pressure relief chamber 702 is greater than a set threshold, so as to discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure ejected material to the outside of the battery pack in a timely manner, avoid causing the battery pack to explode, and improve the safety performance of the whole pack in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0169] Thus, when cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, the ejected material leaking from explosion-proof valve 21 destroys the first weak zone 762 and enters the diversion chamber 701. There are two pressure relief paths entering the shunt chamber 701. First, the material flows along the shunt chamber 701 in the second direction Y, flows to the second exhaust port 763, passes through the second exhaust port 763 and the second air guide port 122b, enters the first sub-exhaust path 122a of the inner frame 122, flows along the first sub-exhaust path 122a to the first air guide port 121b, and then enters the second sub-exhaust path 121a of the side frame 121. Subsequently, it flows within the second sub-exhaust path 121a to the second pressure relief port 121c and is discharged outside the battery pack via the second balancing mechanism 6. Second, in the third direction Z, the ejected material damages the first weak area 762 and enters the shunt chamber 701, then continues to eject in the third direction Z, further damaging the third weak area 715 and entering the pressure relief chamber 702. Subsequently, it flows within the pressure relief chamber 702 to the first pressure relief port 41 and is discharged outside the battery pack via the first balancing mechanism 5.

[0170] For example, when the explosion-proof valve 21 of the battery cell 2 is set to spray, the instantaneous pressure is a, the failure pressure of the first weak zone 762 is b, and the failure pressure of the third weak zone 715 is f.

[0171] When b < a, f < a, and ab > f, when a single cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 breaks through the first weak zone 762 and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material breaks through the first weak zone 762 is still greater than the breaking pressure of the third weak zone 715, the ejected material will further break through the third weak zone 715 as it continues to move along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701, causing the ejected material to enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material has two pressure relief paths simultaneously. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First weak zone 762 - Diversion chamber 701 - Second exhaust port 763 - Second air guide port 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide port 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief port 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First weak zone 762 - Diversion chamber 701 - Third weak zone 715 - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First pressure relief port 41 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0172] When b < a, f < a, ab < f, and 2a - 2b > f, when a single battery cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 breaks the first weak zone 762 and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material breaks the first weak zone 762 is less than the breaking pressure of the third weak zone 715, the ejected material cannot break the third weak zone 715 and enter the pressure relief chamber 702 when it moves along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701. In this case, when a single battery cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material has only one pressure relief path: explosion-proof valve 21 - first weak zone 762 - diversion chamber 701 - second vent 763 - second vent 122b - first sub-vent path 122a of inner frame 122 - first vent 121b - second sub-vent path 121a of side frame 121 - second pressure relief hole 121c - second balancing mechanism 6. When two battery cells 2 simultaneously experience thermal runaway, the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material from the two cells 2 damages the first weak zone 762 is greater than the damage pressure of the third weak zone 715. Therefore, as the ejected material continues to move along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701, it will further damage the third weak zone 715 and enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when two or more battery cells 2 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, their ejected material has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First weak zone 762 - Diversion chamber 701 - Second exhaust port 763 - Second air guide port 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide port 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief port 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First weak zone 762 - Diversion chamber 701 - Third weak zone 715 - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First pressure relief port 41 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0173] Example 5 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is that: like Figure 48 As shown, the thermal management component 7 in this embodiment includes a first thermal management unit 71, a second thermal management unit 72, a second isolation unit 76, and a second protection unit 77.

[0174] Specifically, please refer to Figures 48-52The first thermal management section 71 is connected to the battery cell 2, and the sealed space 102 is located between the first thermal management section 71 and the housing assembly 1. The first thermal management section 71 includes a first recess 714, which protrudes in the direction away from the battery cell 2 along the third direction Z. The second isolation section 76 is located between the first thermal management section 71 and the battery cell 2. The second isolation section 76 covers the first recess 714 and the two form a diversion cavity 701. The first damage area 7a is located in the second isolation section 76 and extends in the third direction Z. The projection of the first damage area 7a on the first thermal management section 71 is at least partially located in the first recess 714 and extends in the third direction Z. The projection of the first damage area 7a is at least partially located in the explosion-proof valve 21. Thus, when the battery cell 2 thermally runs away from the valve, the ejected material can destroy the first damage area 7a and allow the ejected material to enter the diversion cavity 701, thereby achieving pressure relief.

[0175] In some embodiments, the first recess 714 has a fifth pressure relief hole 716, which communicates with the diversion chamber 701. The second protective part 77 is connected to the first recess 714 and blocks the fifth pressure relief hole 716. A second damaging region 7b is provided on the second protective part 77. Along the third direction Z, the projection of the second damaging region 7b on the first recess 714 at least partially overlaps with the fifth pressure relief hole 716. Thus, when the pressure in the diversion chamber 701 exceeds a set threshold, the second damaging region 7b is damaged, allowing the ejected material in the diversion chamber 701 to further enter the pressure relief chamber 702, thereby achieving pressure relief.

[0176] Furthermore, the connection relationship between the first thermal management unit 71 and the second thermal management unit 72 can be referred to in Embodiment 4, that is, the second thermal management unit 72 is disposed on the side of the first thermal management unit 71 away from the battery cell 2, and the pressure relief chamber 702 is disposed between the second thermal management unit 72 and the bottom protective plate 4; the second thermal management unit 72 is provided with a clearance area 726, the first recess 714 passes through the clearance area 726, and the fifth pressure relief hole 716 is located on the side of the clearance area 726 facing the bottom protective plate 4. In this way, when the pressure in the shunt chamber 701 is greater than the set threshold, the second damage area 7b is damaged, causing the ejected material in the shunt chamber 701 to be ejected into the pressure relief chamber 702 through the fifth pressure relief hole 716, so as to ensure the safety of the entire battery pack.

[0177] In some embodiments, the first damaged area 7a is a thinning area or a groove to prevent the second isolation part 76 from being completely damaged and unable to play its isolation role, thereby preventing the ejected material in the shunt cavity 701 from inducing other normal cells 2 to thermal runaway and preventing thermal diffusion or thermal propagation; similarly, the second damaged area 7b is a thinning area or a groove.

[0178] In some embodiments, the first thermal management unit 71 further includes a first leveling part 717 adjacent to the first recess 714; the first recess 714 has a first sidewall 714a and a first bottom wall 714b, the first sidewall 714a connecting the first leveling part 717 and the first bottom wall 714b respectively, a fifth pressure relief hole 716 located on the first sidewall 714a, and a second protective part 77 connected to the first sidewall 714a, such as... Figures 53-56 As shown, when the pressure inside the diversion chamber 701 is greater than the set threshold, the second damage area 7b on the second protective part 77 is damaged, allowing the ejected material inside the diversion chamber 701 to enter the pressure relief chamber 702 through the first sidewall 714a, so as to meet the pressure relief requirements of the battery cell and battery pack.

[0179] In another embodiment, the fifth pressure relief hole 716 is located in the first bottom wall 714b, and the second protective part 77 is connected to the first bottom wall 714b, such as... Figures 49-52 As shown, when the pressure inside the diversion chamber 701 is greater than the set threshold, the second damage area 7b on the second protection part 77 is damaged, allowing the ejected material inside the diversion chamber 701 to enter the pressure relief chamber 702 through the first bottom wall 714b, so as to meet the pressure relief requirements of the battery cell and battery pack.

[0180] Thus, when the battery cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, the ejected material leaking from the explosion-proof valve 21 destroys the first destruction area 7a and enters the diversion chamber 701. There are two pressure relief paths entering the diversion cavity 701. First, the material flows along the diversion cavity 701 in the second direction Y, flows to the second exhaust port 763, passes through the second exhaust port 763 and the second air guide port 122b, enters the first sub-exhaust path 122a of the inner frame 122, flows along the first sub-exhaust path 122a to the first air guide port 121b, and then enters the second sub-exhaust path 121a of the side frame 121. Subsequently, it flows in the second sub-exhaust path 121a to the second pressure relief port 121c and is discharged to the outside of the battery pack through the second balancing mechanism 6. Second, in the third direction Z, the ejected material damages the first weak area 762 and enters the diversion cavity 701, and continues to eject in the third direction Z, further damaging the second damaged area 7b on the second protective part 77. The ejected material enters the pressure relief cavity 702 and flows to the first pressure relief port 41, and is finally discharged to the outside of the battery pack through the first balancing mechanism 5.

[0181] For example, when the explosion-proof valve 21 of the battery cell 2 is set to spray, the instantaneous pressure is a, the failure pressure of the first weak zone 762 is b, and the failure pressure of the third weak zone 715 is g.

[0182] When b < a, g < a, and ab > g, when a single cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 disrupts the first disruption region 7a and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after disrupting the first disruption region 7a is still greater than the disruption pressure of the second disruption region 7b, the ejected material will further disrupt the second disruption region 7b as it continues to move along the third direction Z within the diversion chamber 701, causing the ejected material to enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material simultaneously has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Diversion chamber 701 - Second exhaust port 763 - Second air guide port 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide port 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief port 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Diversion chamber 701 - Second damaged area 7b on second protective part 77 - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First pressure relief port 41 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0183] When b < a, g < a, ab < g, and 2a - 2b > g, when a single cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 destroys the first destruction area 7a and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material destroys the first destruction area 7a is less than the destruction pressure of the second destruction area 7b on the second protective part 77, the ejected material cannot destroy the second destruction area 7b and enter the pressure relief chamber 702 when it moves along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701. In this case, when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material has only one pressure relief path: explosion-proof valve 21 - first destruction area 7a - diversion chamber 701 - second exhaust port 763 - second vent 122b - first sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - first vent 121b - second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - second pressure relief port 121c - second balancing mechanism 6. When two battery cells 2 simultaneously experience thermal runaway, the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material from the two cells 2 destroys the first destruction region 7a is greater than the destruction pressure of the second destruction region 7b. Therefore, as the ejected material continues to move along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701, it will further destroy the second destruction region 7b on the second protective part 77 and enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when two or more battery cells 2 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, their ejected material has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Diversion chamber 701 - Second exhaust port 763 - Second air guide port 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide port 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief port 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Diversion chamber 701 - Second damaged area 7b on second protective part 77 - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First pressure relief port 41 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0184] Example 6 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is as follows: like Figures 57-60 As shown, the second protective part 77 is a third balancing mechanism 75. The third balancing mechanism 75 is connected to the first recessed part 714 and blocks the fifth pressure relief hole 716. The third balancing mechanism 75 has an opening area, which is configured to open when the pressure in the shunt chamber 701 is greater than a set threshold, and the opening area serves as the second damage area 7b. Thus, when the pressure in the shunt chamber 701 is greater than the set threshold, the opening area of ​​the third balancing mechanism 75 opens and promptly discharges the high-temperature and high-pressure ejected material to the pressure relief chamber 702, preventing the battery pack from exploding and improving the overall safety performance of the pack in the event of cell thermal runaway.

[0185] It should be noted that under normal circumstances, the opening area of ​​the third balancing mechanism 75 is in a closed state to achieve its own sealing, eliminating the need for an IP68-level sealing protection design between the bottom protective plate 4 and the frame 12, thus reducing design difficulty and manufacturing costs. Furthermore, the opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75 can be flexibly adjusted according to different battery pack pressure relief requirements. This allows for pressure relief via a single path in the event of thermal runaway in a single cell, as well as simultaneous pressure relief via multiple paths in the event of thermal runaway in a single cell or multiple cells simultaneously, improving pressure relief efficiency.

[0186] For example, the instantaneous pressure of the explosion-proof valve 21 of the battery cell 2 is set to a, the destructive pressure of the first weak zone 762 is b, and the opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75 is h.

[0187] When b < a, h < a, and ab > h, when a single cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 breaks through the first destruction region 7a and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material breaks through the first destruction region 7a is still greater than the opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75, the third balancing mechanism 75 will be activated when the ejected material continues to move along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701, causing the ejected material to enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material has two pressure relief paths simultaneously. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Diversion chamber 701 - Second exhaust port 763 - Second air guide port 122b - First sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - First air guide port 121b - Second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - Second pressure relief port 121c - Second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - First damaged area 7a - Diversion chamber 701 - Third balancing mechanism 75 - Pressure relief chamber 702 - First pressure relief port 41 - First balancing mechanism 5.

[0188] When b < a, h < a, ab < h, and 2a - 2b > h, when a single cell 2 experiences a blowout, the ejected material at the explosion-proof valve 21 disrupts the first disruption area 7a and enters the diversion chamber 701. Since the remaining ejection pressure after disrupting the first disruption area 7a is less than the opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75, the ejected material cannot open the third balancing mechanism 75 when moving along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701. In this case, when a single cell 2 experiences thermal runaway, its ejected material has only one pressure relief path: explosion-proof valve 21 - first disruption area 7a - diversion chamber 701 - second exhaust port 763 - second vent 122b - first sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - first vent 121b - second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - second pressure relief port 121c - second balancing mechanism 6. When two battery cells 2 simultaneously experience thermal runaway, the remaining ejection pressure after the ejected material from the two cells 2 destroys the first damage area 7a is greater than the opening pressure of the third balancing mechanism 75. Therefore, as the ejected material continues to move along the third direction Z in the diversion chamber 701, it will further open the third balancing mechanism 75 and enter the pressure relief chamber 702. In this case, when two or more battery cells 2 experience thermal runaway simultaneously, their ejected material has two pressure relief paths. Path 1: Explosion-proof valve 21 - first damage area 7a - diversion chamber 701 - second exhaust port 763 - second air guide port 122b - first sub-exhaust path 122a of inner frame 122 - first air guide port 121b - second sub-exhaust path 121a of side frame 121 - second pressure relief port 121c - second balancing mechanism 6; Path 2: Explosion-proof valve 21 - first damage area 7a - diversion chamber 701 - third balancing mechanism 75 - pressure relief chamber 702 - first pressure relief port 41 - first balancing mechanism 5.

[0189] In summary, the battery pack provided by this invention encloses a thermal management component 7 in a first opening 101, which, together with the housing component 1, forms a sealed space 102. The battery cell 2 is located within the sealed space 102, providing sealing protection for the battery cell 2. The thermal management component 7 has a shunt cavity 701 extending along a first direction X, and a first destruction region 7a facing the sealed space 102. When the battery cell 2 ejects gas, the first destruction region 7a is destroyed, allowing the ejected material to enter the shunt cavity 701, thereby achieving first-stage pressure relief. Due to the isolation effect of the thermal management component 7, the ejected material entering the shunt cavity 701 will not induce thermal runaway in other normal battery cells 2, thus avoiding thermal diffusion or thermal propagation. The bottom protective plate 4, together with the thermal management component 7, forms a pressure relief cavity 702. The thermal management component 7 also has a first destruction region 7a facing the sealed space 102. The second destruction region 7b of the pressure relief chamber 702 is destroyed when the pressure in the diversion chamber 701 exceeds a set threshold, allowing the ejected material in the diversion chamber 701 to further enter the pressure relief chamber 702, thus achieving secondary pressure relief. This invention firstly, by simultaneously setting up the diversion chamber 701 and the pressure relief chamber 702, compared to the original single-layer sealing by the bottom protective plate 4, forms a second airtight seal in the diversion chamber 701 between the pressure relief chamber 702 and the sealing space 102. This prevents the bottom protective plate 4 from puncturing under special operating conditions, which could lead to the failure of the airtightness of the pressure relief chamber 702 and directly affect the sealing space 102, thus improving the overall safety of the package. Furthermore, by designing a two-stage pressure relief channel, the pressure relief efficiency can be improved, meeting the pressure relief requirements of the cell 2 under different operating conditions during thermal runaway, further enhancing the overall safety performance of the package during cell 2 thermal runaway.

[0190] In other embodiments, the present invention also proposes an electrical device comprising a battery pack from any of the above embodiments. The specific structure of the battery pack is as described in embodiments 1-6. Since this electrical device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it possesses at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon here. The electrical device can be a vehicle, mobile phone, portable device, laptop computer, ship, spacecraft, electric toy, and power tool, etc. Vehicles can be gasoline-powered cars, natural gas-powered cars, or new energy vehicles. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or range-extended electric vehicles, etc. Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc. Electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc. Power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc. The present invention does not impose any special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.

[0191] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and substitutions without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above preferred embodiments. The embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.

[0192] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A battery pack having a first direction (X), a second direction (Y), and a third direction (Z) that are perpendicular to each other, characterized in that, include: The housing assembly (1) has a first opening (101) on one side along the third direction (Z). The thermal management component (7) at least partially covers the first opening (101), and the thermal management component (7) and the housing component (1) together enclose a sealed space (102). The bottom guard plate (4) is connected to the housing assembly (1) and located on the side of the thermal management assembly (7) away from the housing assembly (1). The bottom guard plate (4) and the thermal management assembly (7) together enclose a pressure relief chamber (702). The battery cell (2) is disposed within the sealed space (102) and connected to the thermal management assembly (7); The thermal management component (7) has a diversion chamber (701) extending along the first direction (X), the diversion chamber (701) being located between the sealing space (102) and the pressure relief chamber (702); the thermal management component (7) also has a first destruction region (7a) and a second destruction region (7b), the first destruction region (7a) being located on the side of the thermal management component (7) facing the sealing space (102) and configured to allow the ejected material of the battery cell (2) to enter the diversion chamber (701) when the battery cell (2) is ejected; the second destruction region (7b) being located on the side of the thermal management component facing the pressure relief chamber (702) and configured to be destroyed when the pressure in the diversion chamber (701) is greater than a set threshold, so that the pressure relief chamber (702) can receive the ejected material from the diversion chamber (701).

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management component (7) includes: The first thermal management unit (71) is connected to the battery cell (2), and the sealed space (102) is located between the first thermal management unit (71) and the housing assembly (1). The first thermal management unit (71) is provided with a third pressure relief hole (711), and the third pressure relief hole (711) is connected to the diversion cavity (701). The second thermal management section (72) is disposed on the side of the first thermal management section (71) away from the battery cell (2), and the second thermal management section (72) and the first thermal management section (71) together form the shunt cavity (701), the pressure relief cavity (702) is disposed between the second thermal management section (72) and the bottom protective plate (4), and the second damage area (7b) is disposed in the second thermal management section (72); and, A first isolation section (73) is disposed between the first thermal management section (71) and the battery cell (2) and blocks the third pressure relief hole (711). A first damage area (7a) is disposed in the first isolation section (73). The first damage area (7a) is configured to be damaged when the battery cell (2) thermally runs away, so that the ejected material passes through the first isolation section (73) and enters the diversion chamber (701). Along the third direction (Z), the projection of the first damaged area (7a) onto the first thermal management unit (71) at least partially overlaps with the third pressure relief hole (711).

3. A battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the first damaged area (7a) is less than the thickness of other areas of the first isolation part (73), or the first damaged area (7a) is a scratch.

4. A battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second heat management section (72) includes an adjacent second flat section (721) and a second recessed section (722). The second recessed section (722) has a second sidewall (722a) and a second bottom wall (722b). The second flat section (721) is connected to the first heat management section (71). The second sidewall (722a) connects the second flat section (721) and the second bottom wall (722b). The first heat management section (71) and the second recessed section (722) enclose the flow divider cavity (701). The second damaged area (7b) is located on the second sidewall (722a) or the second bottom wall (722b).

5. A battery pack according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second damaged area (7b) is located in the second bottom wall (722b); the second damaged area (7b) is the second weak area (723) and has a thickness of h. 723 The thickness of the second bottom wall (722b) is h. 722b And satisfying: 0.05≤h 723 / h 722b <1; or The second damaged area (7b) is located on the second sidewall (722a); the second damaged area (7b) is the second weak area (723) and has a thickness of h. 723 The thickness of the second sidewall (722a) is h. 722a And satisfying: 0.05≤h 723 / h 722a <1.

6. A battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing assembly (1) includes: Top cover (11); The frame (12) includes a side frame (121) and an inner frame (122). The side frame (121) has a first opening (101) and a second opening (103) on opposite sides along the third direction (Z). The top cover (11) is connected to the side frame (121) and closes the second opening (103). The first thermal management unit (71) is connected to the side frame (121), and the top cover (11), the side frame (121) and the first thermal management unit (71) together enclose the sealed space (102). The inner frame (122) is located in the sealed space (102) and connects the side frame (121) and the first thermal management unit (71). The inner frame (122) is at least partially hollow to form a first sub-exhaust path (122a), and the side frame (121) is at least partially hollow to form a second sub-exhaust path (121a). The first thermal management unit (71) also has a first exhaust hole (712), which is connected to the diversion cavity (701) and spaced apart from the third pressure relief hole (711). The third pressure relief hole (711), the diversion cavity (701), the first exhaust hole (712), the first sub-exhaust path (122a), and the second sub-exhaust path (121a) are sequentially connected.

7. A battery pack according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner frame (122) extends along the second direction (Y), and the end of the inner frame (122) along the second direction (Y) is connected to the side frame (121). The end of the inner frame (122) along the third direction (Z) is connected to the first thermal management unit (71). The side frame (121) is provided with a first air guide hole (121b), and the first sub-exhaust path (122a) and the second sub-exhaust path (121a) are connected through the first air guide hole (121b). The inner frame (122) is provided with a second air guide hole (122b), and the first exhaust hole (712) and the first sub-exhaust path (122a) are connected through the second air guide hole (122b). The third pressure relief hole (711) has a projected area S in the third direction (Z). 711 The first exhaust port (712) has a projected area S in the third direction (Z). 712 The second air guide hole (122b) has a projected area S in the third direction (Z). 122b and the projected area S of the first air guide hole (121b) in the second direction (Y). 121b The relationship between S and S satisfies: 711 ≤S 712 ≤S 122b ≤S 121b .

8. A battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management component (7) includes: The first thermal management section (71) is connected to the battery cell (2), the sealed space (102) is located between the first thermal management section (71) and the housing assembly (1), and the first damaged area (7a) is located in the first thermal management section (71). The second thermal management section (72) is disposed on the side of the first thermal management section (71) away from the battery cell (2), and the second thermal management section (72) and the first thermal management section (71) together form the shunt cavity (701). The pressure relief cavity (702) is disposed between the second thermal management section (72) and the bottom protective plate (4). The second thermal management section (72) is provided with a fourth pressure relief hole (725), and the third pressure relief hole (711) communicates with the shunt cavity (701). The first protective part (74) is connected to the second thermal management part (72) and blocks the fourth pressure relief hole (725). The second damage area (7b) is located on the first protective part (74). Along the third direction (Z), the projection of the second damage area (7b) on the second thermal management part (72) at least partially overlaps with the fourth pressure relief hole (725).

9. A battery pack according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second heat management section (72) includes an adjacent second flat section (721) and a second recessed section (722). The second recessed section (722) has a second sidewall (722a) and a second bottom wall (722b). The second flat section (721) is connected to the first heat management section (71). The second sidewall (722a) connects the second flat section (721) and the second bottom wall (722b). The first heat management section (71) and the second recessed section (722) enclose the flow divider cavity (701). The fourth pressure relief hole (725) is located on the second side wall (722a) or the second bottom wall (722b).

10. A battery pack according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first protective part (74) is a third balancing mechanism (75), which has an opening area configured to open when the pressure in the diversion chamber (701) is greater than a set threshold, and the opening area serves as the second damage area (7b).

11. A battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management component (7) includes: A first thermal management section (71) is connected to the battery cell (2), and a sealed space (102) is provided between the first thermal management section (71) and the housing assembly (1); the first thermal management section (71) includes a first recess (714), which protrudes along the third direction (Z) in a direction away from the battery cell (2); The second thermal management section (72) is disposed on the side of the first thermal management section (71) away from the battery cell (2), and the pressure relief chamber (702) is disposed between the second thermal management section (72) and the bottom protective plate (4); the second thermal management section (72) is provided with a clearance area (726), and the first recess (714) passes through the clearance area (726); and, The second isolation section (76) is disposed between the first thermal management section (71) and the battery cell (2). The second isolation section (76) covers the first recess (714) and the two surround each other to form the shunt cavity (701). The first damaged area (7a) is located on the second isolation part (76), and along the third direction (Z), the projection of the first damaged area (7a) on the first thermal management part (71) is at least partially located on the first recess (714); the second damaged area (7b) is located on the first recess (714).

12. A battery pack according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first damaged area (7a) is a scratch; or The second isolation portion (76) includes a main body portion (761) and a first weak region (762). The main body portion (761) is disposed at least partially around the first weak region (762), and the projection of the main body portion (761) along the third direction (Z) onto the first thermal management portion (71) at least surrounds the first recess portion (714). The thickness of the first weak region (762) is less than the thickness of the main body portion (761), and the first weak region (762) forms the first damage area (7a).

13. A battery pack according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first thermal management unit (71) further includes a first locking groove (713), which is disposed around the first recess (714) and passes through the avoidance area (726); the first locking groove (713) is used to accommodate the second isolation part (76), and along the third direction (Z), the depth of the first locking groove (713) is greater than or equal to the thickness of the second isolation part (76).

14. A battery pack according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first recess (714) has a first sidewall (714a) and a first bottom wall (714b), the first sidewall (714a) being connected to the first slot (713) and the first bottom wall (714b) respectively, and the second damaged area (7b) being located on the first sidewall (714a) or the first bottom wall (714b).

15. A battery pack according to claim 14, characterized in that, The second damaged area (7b) is located on the first bottom wall (714b), and the second damaged area (7b) is the third weak area (715) with a thickness of h. 715 The thickness of the first bottom wall (714b) is h. 714b And satisfying: 0.05≤h 715 / h 714b <1.

16. A battery pack according to claim 11, characterized in that, The housing assembly (1) includes: Top cover (11); The frame (12) includes a side frame (121) and an inner frame (122). The side frame (121) has a first opening (101) and a second opening (103) on opposite sides along the third direction (Z). The top cover (11) is connected to the side frame (121) and closes the second opening (103). The first thermal management unit (71) is connected to the side frame (121), and the top cover (11), the side frame (121) and the first thermal management unit (71) together enclose the sealed space (102). The inner frame (122) is located in the sealed space (102) and connects the side frame (121) and the first thermal management unit (71). The inner frame (122) is at least partially hollow to form a first sub-exhaust path (122a), and the side frame (121) is at least partially hollow to form a second sub-exhaust path (121a). The second isolation part (76) is located between the first recess (714) and the inner frame (122). The second isolation part (76) also has a second exhaust hole (763). The second exhaust hole (763) is connected to the diversion cavity (701) and is spaced apart from the first destruction area (7a). The diversion cavity (701), the second exhaust hole (763), the first sub-exhaust path (122a) and the second sub-exhaust path (121a) are connected sequentially.

17. A battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management component (7) includes: A first thermal management section (71) is connected to the battery cell (2), and a sealed space (102) is provided between the first thermal management section (71) and the housing assembly (1). The first thermal management section (71) includes a first recess (714), which protrudes along the third direction (Z) away from the battery cell (2). The first recess (714) has a fifth pressure relief hole (716), which communicates with the shunt chamber (701). The second thermal management section (72) is disposed on the side of the first thermal management section (71) away from the battery cell (2), and the pressure relief chamber (702) is disposed between the second thermal management section (72) and the bottom protective plate (4); the second thermal management section (72) is provided with a clearance area (726), the first recess (714) passes through the clearance area (726), and the fifth pressure relief hole (716) is located on the side of the clearance area (726) facing the bottom protective plate (4); and, The second protective part (77) is connected to the first recess (714) and blocks the fifth pressure relief hole (716). The second damage area (7b) is provided on the second protective part (77). Along the third direction (Z), the projection of the second damage area (7b) on the first recess (714) at least partially overlaps with the fifth pressure relief hole (716).

18. A battery pack according to claim 17, characterized in that, The first thermal management unit (71) further includes a first leveling part (717), which is adjacent to the first recess (714); the first recess (714) has a first sidewall (714a) and a first bottom wall (714b), the first sidewall (714a) connecting the first leveling part (717) and the first bottom wall (714b) respectively, and the fifth pressure relief hole (716) is located on the first sidewall (714a) or the first bottom wall (714b).

19. A battery pack according to claim 18, characterized in that, The second protective part (77) is a third balancing mechanism (75), which has an opening area configured to open when the pressure in the diversion chamber (701) is greater than a set threshold, and the opening area serves as the second damage area (7b).

20. A battery pack according to any one of claims 2-19, characterized in that, The first thermal management unit (71) and the second thermal management unit (72) are also surrounded by a flow channel (703) for containing the cooling medium, and the flow channel (703) and the flow distribution chamber (701) are spaced apart from each other.

21. A battery pack according to claim 20, characterized in that, The cell (2) has an explosion-proof valve (21) at one end facing the bottom cover plate (4), and the projection of the first damaged area (7a) along the third direction (Z) is at least partially located on the explosion-proof valve (21).

22. A battery pack according to claim 6 or 16, characterized in that, The bottom guard plate (4) has a through first pressure relief hole (41), which is connected to the pressure relief chamber (702). The first pressure relief hole (41) is used to discharge the effluent from the pressure relief chamber (702). The side frame (121) has a second pressure relief hole (121c) on the side opposite to the battery cell (2), and the second pressure relief hole (121c) is connected to the second sub-venting path (121a); It also includes a first balancing mechanism (5) and a second balancing mechanism (6), the first balancing mechanism (5) being located at the first pressure relief hole (41) and the second balancing mechanism (6) being located at the second pressure relief hole (121c).

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