P2P (Peer-to-Peer) energy interaction method considering voltage regulation and control and demand side management of producer and consumer

Abstract

The invention discloses a P2P (Peer-to-Peer) energy interaction method considering voltage regulation and control and demand side management of producers, which comprises the following steps of: establishing an objective function and a constraint condition of a producer energy consumption optimization model according to a current carbon emission penalty value of electric energy received and fed back by the producers from a superior power grid, constructing an inner-loop producer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model, and establishing an inner-loop producer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model; the method comprises the following steps: constructing a production and disappearing person cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model, solving the production and disappearing person cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model to obtain a production and disappearing person energy consumption optimization scheme, constructing an outer ring DNO voltage maintenance model, carrying out voltage safety inspection on the production and disappearing person electric energy optimization scheme by using the outer ring DNO voltage maintenance model, constructing a production and disappearing person P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model according to the P2P interaction amount in the production and disappearing person electric energy optimization scheme, and carrying out power supply and disappearing person cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model. And the final electric energy is obtained. According to the scheme, the strategy negotiation time between the producers can be shortened while the voltage safety is ensured, and the demand side resources of the producers are effectively utilized, so that the voltage regulation and control are more flexible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power distribution network interactive regulation, specifically involving a P2P energy interaction method that considers producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the penetration rate of distributed renewable energy generators, battery storage systems, and responsive loads (such as electric vehicles) has been continuously increasing. Simultaneously, with advanced communication and control technologies, distribution networks have gradually transformed from passive networks to active distribution networks (ADNs). In ADNs, the number of prosumers (producers and consumers) that both produce and consume energy will increase significantly. These prosumers can autonomously manage their available flexible resources and actively participate in energy interaction. Prosumer participation in energy interaction can reduce their own energy consumption, improve the local integration rate of distributed renewable energy, and enhance the system's flexibility in voltage regulation.

[0003] Existing research on distribution network interaction regulation mainly focuses on the energy consumption of producer-consumer (P2P) interactions, neglecting the impact of these interactions on distribution network voltage security. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the impact of producer-consumer demand-side management on voltage regulation and the practicality of producer-consumer strategy clearing speed. For example, the existing technology, a P2P energy interaction method considering differentiated contributions from producers and consumers and voltage regulation (patent number 202510374967.4), allows for completely free interaction between producers and consumers, which can easily have adverse effects on the power grid, such as producer-consumer node voltages exceeding safe limits. Ignoring the impact of producer-consumer demand-side management on voltage regulation will prevent the full utilization of flexible and adjustable resources, limiting the power grid's ability to regulate voltage. In addition, the slow producer-consumer clearing speed cannot meet the needs of multi-entity interactions in real-world distribution networks, resulting in weak practicality of the proposed strategy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a P2P energy interaction method that considers producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management.

[0005] The specific technical solution for achieving the objective of this invention is as follows:

[0006] A P2P energy interaction method considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Based on the current carbon emission penalty values ​​of electricity received and fed back by producers and consumers from the upstream power grid, establish the objective function and constraints of the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model;

[0008] Step 2: Based on the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model, construct an inner-loop producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model, and solve the producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model to obtain the optimal producer-consumer energy consumption scheme;

[0009] Step 3: Construct an outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model. Use the outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model to perform voltage safety checks on the optimal producer-consumer energy scheme. If the check passes, proceed to step 4. Otherwise, update the current grid carbon emission penalty value and return to step 1 for sequential execution.

[0010] Step 4: Construct a producer-consumer P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model based on the P2P interaction amount in the optimal producer-consumer electricity consumption scheme to obtain the final electricity consumption.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0012] (1) This invention adopts a P2P energy interaction method that considers producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management. It utilizes the flexible and adjustable resources of the producer-consumer demand side to maintain the voltage security of the distribution network and uses a distributed solution algorithm to solve it. Finally, a producer-consumer carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model is constructed, which effectively improves the speed of strategy clearing and the security of the distribution network during the producer-consumer energy interaction process and ensures the optimality of producer-consumer electricity consumption.

[0013] (2) This invention proposes a distributed P2P energy interaction strategy within the producer-consumer loop. Producers and consumers make full use of their flexible and adjustable resources to participate in energy interaction. Through timely adjustment of flexible resources, they reduce their own electricity consumption and improve the local absorption rate of distributed renewable energy.

[0014] (3) This invention proposes an outer-loop DNO regulation voltage security strategy. While DNO does not directly interfere with the energy interaction between producers and consumers, it effectively prompts producers and consumers to change their flexible and adjustable resource strategies by changing the carbon emission penalty value of the power grid, thereby ensuring the voltage security of the power grid.

[0015] (4) This invention proposes a producer-consumer P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model. Based on the ratio of electricity received and supplied in the producer-consumer cluster, DNO calculates the P2P electricity carbon penalty value at different times, which effectively improves the speed of strategy clearing in the producer-consumer energy interaction process, ensures the timeliness of P2P interaction, and is conducive to the sustainable development of local energy interaction.

[0016] (5) Compared with the invention patent’s P2P energy interaction method that considers the contribution of production and consumption differentiation and voltage regulation, this scheme further considers the clearing speed of the carbon penalty value of the P2P interaction between producers and consumers. In the entire interaction process, producers and consumers only need to iterate the P2P interaction amount, without iterating the carbon penalty value of the P2P interaction amount. The carbon penalty value of the P2P interaction amount of producers and consumers will be determined by DNO based on the supply and demand relationship of the P2P interaction amount of the entire producer and consumer group, that is, the P2P carbon penalty supply and demand ratio model proposed in this invention, thereby saving a lot of calculation time.

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the P2P energy interaction method of the present invention, which considers producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the EEE 33-node test system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a producer-consumer net load diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the carbon emission penalty value of the producer-consumer P2P supply-demand ratio in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the producer-consumer bus voltage before adjustment in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the adjusted producer-consumer bus voltage in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the energy optimization situation inside the producer-consumer 6 in this embodiment of the invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a comparison chart showing the clearing speed of the producer-consumer strategy in this invention embodiment and the clearing speed of the method proposed in the prior art. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Example

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] As indicated in this application and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular and may also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0029] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0030] Combination Figure 1 A P2P energy interaction method considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management includes the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: Based on the current carbon emission penalty values ​​of electricity received and fed back by producers and consumers from the upstream power grid, establish the objective function and constraints of the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model;

[0032] The objective function is:

[0033] (1)

[0034] (2)

[0035] in, , , , , Producers and consumers respectively Inconvenient load adjustment leads to energy consumption, and the production and consumption of consumers Energy storage system charging and discharging losses and energy consumption, producers and consumers Energy consumption of participants in P2P interactions, prosumers Energy consumption through interaction with the upper-level power grid, producer-consumer Energy consumption during P2P power exchange. Adjusting the inconvenience factor for the load of producers and consumers; For producers and consumers For the set of all moments Total load transferred downwards; Represents the set of all moments; and Producers and consumers respectively The charging coefficient and discharging loss coefficient of the energy storage system; and Producers and consumers respectively exist The charging and discharging power of the energy storage system at all times; Indicates producer-consumer With producers and consumers exist The amount of P2P interactions at any given moment; Indicates producer-consumer With producers and consumers exist The carbon emission penalty value per unit of electrical energy given when exchanging electrical energy at any time; Indicates producer-consumer exist The amount of electricity supplied to the upper-level power grid at all times; Indicates producer-consumer exist The amount of electricity received from the upper-level power grid at all times. and Producers and consumers respectively exist The current carbon emission penalty value for receiving and supplying electricity at all times; Energy consumption per unit of electrical energy transmitted through the grid; It represents the set of all producers and consumers.

[0036] The constraints of the objective function include:

[0037] In a power distribution network, all prosumers are equipped with a certain proportion of flexible, adjustable loads, which can be transferred when they optimize their energy consumption or when voltage violates constraints. This transfer must meet certain constraints; therefore, constructing a prosumer system... Demand-side resource response constraints:

[0038] (3)

[0039] (4)

[0040] in, The ratio of adjustable load. For producers and consumers At any moment The amount of load transferred; Indicates in Producers and consumers at all times Injected active power; Equation (3) represents the producer-consumer. The range of load that can be transferred at each moment, as expressed in equation (4), represents the producer-consumer ratio. The total load transfer volume must be kept balanced throughout the day.

[0041] Producers and consumers Constraints of energy storage systems:

[0042] (5)

[0043] (6)

[0044] (7)

[0045] (8)

[0046] in, , Indicates producer-consumer The maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage system it possesses; , Indicates producer-consumer The charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage system it possesses; Indicates producer-consumer The maximum state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; Indicates producer-consumer The minimum state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; Indicates producer-consumer The energy storage system it possesses The state of charge at any given moment; Indicates producer-consumer The energy storage system it possesses The state of charge at any given moment; Indicates in On the time scale of a moment, Indicates in On the time scale of a moment, Indicates producer-consumer The initial state of charge of the energy storage system it possesses. Indicates producer-consumer The final state of charge of the energy storage system; Equation (7) indicates that the state of charge of the energy storage system must be within a certain range for all time periods; Equation (8) indicates that the amount of electricity at the end of the scheduling cycle of the producer-consumer energy storage system cannot be lower than the amount of electricity at the beginning of the scheduling cycle.

[0047] Producers and consumers P2P interaction constraints:

[0048] (9)

[0049] (10)

[0050] (11)

[0051] (12);

[0052] (13);

[0053] (14);

[0054] in, For producers and consumers The set of adjacent producers and consumers; For producers and consumers exist The P2P power supply at all times; For producers and consumers exist The P2P electricity received by consumer i at all times; and Producers and consumers respectively exist The maximum amount of P2P electricity that can be received and supplied at any given time; Indicates producer-consumer During the period of time with consumers i The amount of electrical energy exchanged at that time; For producers and consumers exist The total energy consumption of electricity that must be borne by participating in electricity sharing at all times; Equations (10)-(12) are that the power of electricity transmission supplied or received by the producer or consumer in each time period h should be within the power limit range; Equations (13) and (14) determine the balance between the total electricity consumption of P2P interaction among all producers and consumers and the total electricity consumption value of P2P.

[0055] Producers and consumers Interaction constraints with the upper-level power grid:

[0056] (15);

[0057] (16);

[0058] in, For producers and consumers exist Net load at any given time. Equation 15 indicates that at any given time, the carbon emission penalty received by producers and consumers from the upstream power grid is greater than the carbon emission penalty for feedback electricity to the upstream power grid.

[0059] Step 2: Based on the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model, construct an inner-loop producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model, and solve the producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model to obtain the optimal producer-consumer energy consumption scheme;

[0060] Equation (14) shows that the carbon emission absorption values ​​settled between producers and consumers are always balanced, i.e., the sum is zero. Therefore, the energy consumption in P2P energy settlement is... It does not affect the energy consumption of the producer-consumer cluster and can be ignored during the solution process. Therefore, the energy consumption minimization sub-model of the inner-ring producer-consumer cluster is:

[0061] ;

[0062] in, Indicates producer-consumer Total energy consumption.

[0063] Meanwhile, Equations (3)-(4), (5)-(8), (9)-(14), and (15)-(16) are used as constraints for the energy consumption minimization sub-model of producer-consumer clusters.

[0064] It can be seen that the objective function of equation (17) can be decomposed into a sub-objective function for each producer-consumer. Considering the privacy and communication resources among producers and consumers, a distributed algorithm is used to solve this optimization problem. Due to the superior convergence of the ADMM algorithm, the ADMM algorithm is used to solve the problem.

[0065] When solving the problem, first establish the producer-consumer relationship. The augmented Lagrangian function of the energy minimization submodel :

[0066] (18);

[0067] in, Prosumer and consumers The Lagrange multipliers between them For producers and consumers The penalty parameter; Prosumer and consumers Auxiliary variables for the amount of P2P interaction between them;

[0068] Then, the distributed ADMM algorithm was used to... By iteratively solving the problem, the producer-consumer ratio is obtained. The optimal energy consumption scheme includes: the optimal interaction with the upstream power grid, the optimal charging and discharging power of the energy storage system, the optimal P2P interaction, and the optimal power of the adjustable load.

[0069] Step 3: Construct an outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model. Use the outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model to perform voltage safety checks on the optimal producer-consumer energy scheme. If the check passes, proceed to step 4. Otherwise, update the current grid carbon emission penalty value and return to step 1 for sequential execution.

[0070] Producers and consumers upload their own energy interaction with the upstream power grid and P2P interaction to the DNO at each moment. The DNO calculates the node voltage of each producer and consumer using the following model, which is the outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model.

[0071] (19);

[0072] (20);

[0073] (twenty one);

[0074] (twenty two);

[0075] in, and Indicates in From the perspective of producers and consumers Upstream producer-consumer flow to producer-consumer Active power and reactive power; and Indicates in Producers and consumers at all times Injected active and reactive power; express Producers and consumers at all times The square of the bus voltage; Indicates producer-consumer Downstream consumer groups; Indicates producer-consumer Downstream producers and consumers; and For producers and consumers Downstream producers and consumers and consumers The resistance and reactance of the lines between them; and Indicates in From the perspective of producers and consumers Upstream producer-consumer flow to producer-consumer Active power and reactive power; and Indicates in Producers and consumers at all times Injected active and reactive power; Indicates node voltage; Represents the square of the node voltage;

[0076] Based on the producer-consumer energy-optimal scheme determined in step 2, determine whether it meets the following criteria:

[0077] ;

[0078] in, This represents the minimum allowable producer-consumer node voltage. This represents the maximum allowable producer-consumer node voltage; Indicates producer-consumer exist The node voltage at time t;

[0079] If the conditions are met, the verification is successful; otherwise, it indicates the presence of a voltage violation node, and the grid carbon emission penalty value is updated based on the following update formula:

[0080] (twenty four);

[0081] (25);

[0082] in, The control coefficient for the carbon emission penalty value of the power grid; and These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of electricity received from the upper-level power grid; and The minimum and maximum values ​​of electricity to be supplied to the upper-level power grid. Indicates producer-consumer exist The grid's carbon emission penalty for receiving electricity is updated in real time. Indicates producer-consumer exist The grid's carbon emission penalty for receiving electricity is updated in real time. Indicates producer-consumer Updated grid carbon emission penalty values ​​for electricity supply.

[0083] Combination Figure 1 Before the update, consumers During the period If it is an overvoltage, then reduce the number of producers and consumers in the next update iteration. The carbon emission penalty value of the power grid at that moment and accept carbon emission penalties Guide producers and consumers Transfer other time-of-day loads At any time, increase By controlling the electricity load at all times, the amount of electricity injected into the grid can be reduced, thus mitigating overvoltage violations; conversely, before the upgrade, the electricity consumption of producers and consumers should be reduced. During the period If the voltage is undervoltage, then a producer-consumer will be added in the subsequent iteration. Internet carbon emission penalty at that moment and accept carbon emission penalties Guide producers and consumers Will The load is shifted to other times, reducing the electricity load at that time and alleviating undervoltage violations; if the consumer was before the upgrade... During the period If there are no violations, the consumer will be included in the next iteration. At this moment, the grid carbon emission penalty value remains unchanged compared to the upstream grid.

[0084] Step 4: Construct a producer-consumer P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model based on the P2P interaction amount in the optimal producer-consumer electricity consumption scheme to obtain the final electricity consumption.

[0085] The supply-demand ratio is the ratio of the total P2P supply to the total P2P reception of all prosumers in a prosumer cluster at a certain moment. This supply-demand ratio reflects the supply and demand tension of P2P in the prosumer cluster. Based on this, the carbon penalty value of P2P interaction in the prosumer cluster is determined. The prosumer P2P supply-demand ratio model is established using equations (26)-(29):

[0086] (26);

[0087] (27);

[0088] (28);

[0089] (29);

[0090] In equations (26)-(29): Indicates the cluster of prosumers in The supply and demand ratio of electricity at any given time; Indicates in The electrical energy provided by all producers and consumers at all times; Indicates in The electrical energy received by all producers and consumers at any given moment; This represents the net load of the entire prosumer cluster.

[0091] Based on the supply and demand ratio model of equations (26)-(29), a P2P carbon penalty supply and demand ratio model is established using equations (30)-(32);

[0092] (30);

[0093] (31);

[0094] (32);

[0095] In equations (30)-(32): This indicates the carbon penalty value for P2P interactions where producers and consumers provide electricity. This represents the carbon penalty value for P2P interactions between producers and consumers in receiving electricity. This represents the initial grid carbon penalty value for producers and consumers supplying electricity to the upper-level grid. This represents the initial grid carbon penalty value for producers and consumers receiving electricity from the upstream grid.

[0096] The final electricity consumption is obtained by using the P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model and combining it with the optimal electricity scheme, including: the total electricity consumption of the cluster when prosumers participate in cluster energy cooperation and sharing, and the energy consumption of individual prosumers when the energy consumption of the prosumer cluster is minimized.

[0097] In this embodiment, a standard IEEE 33 bus distributed test feeder involving multiple prosumers is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed P2P energy trading scheme. A single-line diagram is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the line impedance is amplified by a factor of 1.5 compared to the standard case to highlight voltage violations. The length of each time slot is chosen to be... The nominal distributed voltage is 12.66 kV, and the feasible bus voltage range is 1 ± 5% pu. Without loss of generality, the initial interaction carbon emission penalty with the upstream grid is... , This section's case study considers 10 prosumers, each potentially equipped with energy storage systems and a certain capacity of photovoltaic power to serve their local load needs. The producer's net load consumption is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the period can be roughly divided into three phases: Phase 1 starts from 00:00 to 07:00, with low load and photovoltaic power levels; Phase 2 is from 08:00 to 17:00, a period when renewable energy is abundant; Phase 3 is from 18:00 to 24:00, a period with low photovoltaic power and relatively high load. A penalty factor is used in the inner-loop ADMM algorithm. .

[0098] Table 1. Parameter Table of Producer-Consumer Energy Storage System

[0099] Producers and consumers Pr6 Pr10 Charging / discharging power (kW) 60 / 60 60 / 60 Charge / discharge efficiency 0.95 / 0.95 0.95 / 0.95 Charge / discharge loss (CNY / kWh) 0.01 0.01 SoC minimum / maximum 0.3 / 0.9 0.3 / 0.9 Energy storage system capacity (KVA) 300 300

[0100] The simulation was performed using the YALMIP toolbox and the commercial solver MOSEK in the MATLAB environment. The computing device was a computer configured with an Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8700 @ 3.2GHz.

[0101] (2) Carbon emissions from producer-consumer clusters based on supply-demand ratio:

[0102] Depend on Figure 3 and Figure 4It can be seen that the carbon emission value curve of the producer-consumer cluster P2P is roughly consistent with the trend of the total net load curve of the producer-consumers. This is because during the period from 00:00 to 07:00, the photovoltaic output of the producer-consumers is basically zero, that is, the producer-consumers can only receive electricity from the external grid through DNO. During the period from 08:00 to 15:00, the photovoltaic output of the producer-consumers is sufficient. During this period, the trend of the carbon emission value curve is consistent with the trend of the total photovoltaic curve of the producer-consumers, and the carbon emission penalty value for receiving electricity from the grid is greater than the carbon emission penalty value for feeding electricity to the grid. During the period from 15:00 to 24:00, the carbon emission value of the producer-consumers P2P increases with the increase of the total net load. Finally, at 19:00, the photovoltaic output of the producer-consumers is zero, and the producer-consumers can only receive electricity from the external grid through DNO.

[0103] (2) Comparison of producer-consumer voltage before and after voltage regulation:

[0104] Depend on Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that under completely free P2P interaction, multiple prosumers violated voltage safety constraints. Prosumer 6 was the most severely affected, exceeding the upper voltage limit during the second period when photovoltaic power was most abundant, and exceeding the lower voltage limit during the third period. Furthermore, several other prosumers exceeded the lower voltage limit. After implementing the outer-loop regulation proposed in this paper, the overvoltage violation of prosumer 6 in the second period and the undervoltage issues of prosumers 4, 5, 6, and 10 in the third period were effectively resolved.

[0105] (3) Analysis of the optimization results of adjustable load resources on the demand side of producers and consumers

[0106] Figure 7 The analysis of power optimization within Prosumer 6 reveals that renewable energy consumption has the highest priority. Prosumer 6, after first optimizing its own internal power dispatch, participates in the overall power coordination and optimization process. Prosumer 6 shifts loads from the first and third periods to the second period when photovoltaic output is abundant. This serves two purposes: firstly, it fully utilizes its surplus photovoltaic capacity to reduce costs; secondly, the DNO (Distributed Power Registry) penalizes its carbon emission penalties for grid reception and feeding during these two periods, reducing penalties during overvoltage periods and increasing them during undervoltage periods. To reduce energy consumption, Prosumer 6 reduces load during undervoltage periods and increases load during overvoltage periods, fully utilizing its flexible and adjustable load resources to alleviate voltage violations and maintain voltage security in the distribution system.

[0107] (4) Analysis of the results of the comparison of the clearing speed of the producer-consumer strategy

[0108] Figure 8The graph compares the clearing speed of the prosumer strategy in the existing method with that in the method proposed in this invention. It is clear from the graph that the speed improvement brought by the method proposed in this invention becomes more significant as the number of prosumers increases. This is because the prosumer P2P carbon penalty value in the existing method requires multiple bilateral iterations. As the number of prosumers increases, the number of bilateral iterations required increases non-linearly and rapidly, leading to a significant increase in the calculation time for the P2P carbon penalty value. In contrast, in the method proposed in this invention, the DNO (Distributed Nominee Organization) determines the P2P carbon penalty value of the prosumer cluster by calculating the supply-demand ratio of the P2P carbon penalty value.

[0109] This solution also provides a P2P energy interaction system that considers producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management, including the following modules:

[0110] Prosumer energy consumption optimization module: Based on the current carbon emission penalty value of electricity received and fed back by prosumers from the upper-level power grid, establish the objective function and constraints of the prosumer energy consumption optimization model. Based on the prosumer energy consumption optimization model, construct the inner-loop prosumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model, and solve the prosumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model to obtain the optimal prosumer energy consumption solution.

[0111] Voltage safety verification module: used to construct an outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model, and to use the outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model to perform voltage safety verification on the optimal power consumption scheme for producers and consumers;

[0112] Energy Interaction Module: Used to construct a producer-consumer P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model based on the P2P interaction amount in the optimal electricity consumption scheme, and obtain the final electricity consumption.

[0113] This solution also provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the following steps:

[0114] Step 1: Based on the current carbon emission penalty values ​​of electricity received and fed back by producers and consumers from the upstream power grid, establish the objective function and constraints of the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model;

[0115] Step 2: Based on the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model, construct an inner-loop producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model, and solve the producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model to obtain the optimal producer-consumer energy consumption scheme;

[0116] Step 3: Construct an outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model. Use the outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model to perform voltage safety checks on the optimal producer-consumer energy scheme. If the check passes, proceed to step 4. Otherwise, update the current grid carbon emission penalty value and return to step 1 for sequential execution.

[0117] Step 4: Construct a producer-consumer P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model based on the P2P interaction amount in the optimal producer-consumer electricity consumption scheme to obtain the final electricity consumption.

[0118] This solution also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0119] Step 1: Based on the current carbon emission penalty values ​​of electricity received and fed back by producers and consumers from the upstream power grid, establish the objective function and constraints of the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model;

[0120] Step 2: Based on the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model, construct an inner-loop producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model, and solve the producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model to obtain the optimal producer-consumer energy consumption scheme;

[0121] Step 3: Construct an outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model. Use the outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model to perform voltage safety checks on the optimal producer-consumer energy scheme. If the check passes, proceed to step 4. Otherwise, update the current grid carbon emission penalty value and return to step 1 for sequential execution.

[0122] Step 4: Construct a producer-consumer P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model based on the P2P interaction amount in the optimal producer-consumer electricity consumption scheme to obtain the final electricity consumption.

[0123] The embodiments described above are merely one implementation method of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A P2P energy interaction method considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the current carbon emission penalty values ​​of electricity received and fed back by producers and consumers from the upstream power grid, establish the objective function and constraints of the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model; Step 2: Based on the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model, construct an inner-loop producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model, and solve the producer-consumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model to obtain the optimal producer-consumer energy consumption scheme; Step 3: Construct an outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model. Use the outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model to perform voltage safety checks on the optimal producer-consumer energy scheme. If the check passes, proceed to step 4. Otherwise, update the current grid carbon emission penalty value and return to step 1 for sequential execution. Step 4: Construct a producer-consumer P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model based on the P2P interaction amount in the optimal producer-consumer electricity consumption scheme to obtain the final electricity consumption.

2. The P2P energy interaction method considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The objective function of the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model in step 1 is: ； ； in, , , , , Producers and consumers respectively Inconvenient load adjustment leads to energy consumption, and the production and consumption of consumers Energy storage system charging and discharging losses and energy consumption, producers and consumers Energy consumption of participants in P2P interactions, prosumers Energy consumption through interaction with the upper-level power grid, producer-consumer Energy consumption during P2P power exchange. Adjusting the inconvenience factor for the load of producers and consumers; For producers and consumers For the set of all moments Total load transferred downwards; Represents the set of all moments; and Producers and consumers respectively The charging coefficient and discharging loss coefficient of the energy storage system; and Producers and consumers respectively exist The charging and discharging power of the energy storage system at all times; Indicates producer-consumer With producers and consumers exist The amount of P2P interactions at any given moment; Indicates producer-consumer With producers and consumers exist The carbon emission penalty value per unit of electrical energy given when exchanging electrical energy at any time; Indicates producer-consumer exist The amount of electricity supplied to the upper-level power grid at all times; Indicates producer-consumer exist The amount of electricity received from the upper-level power grid at all times. and Producers and consumers respectively exist The current carbon emission penalty value for receiving and supplying electricity at all times; Energy consumption per unit of electrical energy transmitted through the grid; It represents the set of all producers and consumers.

3. The P2P energy interaction method considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management according to claim 2, characterized in that, The constraints of the producer-consumer energy consumption optimization model include: Producers and consumers Demand-side resource response constraints: ； ； in, The ratio of adjustable load. For producers and consumers At any moment The amount of load transferred; Indicates in Producers and consumers at all times Injected active power; Producers and consumers Constraints of energy storage systems: ； ； ； ； in, , Indicates producer-consumer The maximum charging and discharging power of the energy storage system it possesses; , Indicates producer-consumer The charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage system it possesses; Indicates producer-consumer The maximum state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; Indicates producer-consumer The minimum state of charge allowed by the energy storage system; Indicates producer-consumer The energy storage system it possesses The state of charge at any given moment; Indicates producer-consumer The energy storage system it possesses The state of charge at any given moment; Indicates in On the time scale of a moment, Indicates in On the time scale of a moment, Indicates producer-consumer The initial state of charge of the energy storage system it possesses. Indicates producer-consumer The final state of charge of the energy storage system it possesses; Producers and consumers P2P interaction constraints: ； ； ； ； ； ； in, For producers and consumers The set of adjacent producers and consumers; For producers and consumers exist The P2P power supply at all times; For producers and consumers exist The P2P electricity received by consumer i at all times; and Producers and consumers respectively exist The maximum amount of P2P electricity that can be received and supplied at any given time; Indicates producer-consumer During the period of time with consumers i The amount of electrical energy exchanged at that time; For producers and consumers exist The total energy consumption of electricity that must be borne by participating in electricity sharing at all times; Producers and consumers Interaction constraints with the upper-level power grid: ； ； in, For producers and consumers exist Net load at any given moment.

4. The P2P energy interaction method considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management according to claim 2, characterized in that, The energy consumption minimization sub-model for the inner-loop producer-consumer cluster in step 2 is as follows: ； in, Indicates producer-consumer Total energy consumption.

5. The P2P energy interaction method considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management according to claim 4, characterized in that, When solving the energy consumption minimization sub-model of the inner-loop prosumer cluster, a prosumer cluster is established. The augmented Lagrangian function of the energy minimization submodel : ； in, Prosumer and consumers The Lagrange multipliers between them For producers and consumers The penalty parameter; Prosumer and consumers Auxiliary variables for the amount of P2P interaction between them; Then, the distributed ADMM algorithm was used to... By iteratively solving the problem, the producer-consumer ratio is obtained. The optimal energy consumption scheme includes: the optimal interaction with the upstream power grid, the optimal charging and discharging power of the energy storage system, the optimal P2P interaction, and the optimal power of the adjustable load.

6. The P2P energy interaction method considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer loop DNO voltage maintenance model in step 3 is as follows: ； ； ； ； in, and Indicates in From the perspective of producers and consumers Upstream producer-consumer flow to producer-consumer Active power and reactive power; and Indicates in Producers and consumers at all times Injected active and reactive power; express Producers and consumers at all times The square of the bus voltage; Indicates producer-consumer Downstream consumer groups; Indicates producer-consumer Downstream producers and consumers; and For producers and consumers Downstream producers and consumers and consumers The resistance and reactance of the lines between them; and Indicates in From the perspective of producers and consumers Upstream producer-consumer flow to producer-consumer Active power and reactive power; and Indicates in Producers and consumers at all times Injected active and reactive power; Indicates node voltage; Represents the square of the node voltage; Based on the producer-consumer energy-optimal scheme determined in step 2, determine whether it meets the following criteria: ； in, This represents the minimum allowable producer-consumer node voltage. This represents the maximum allowable producer-consumer node voltage; Indicates producer-consumer exist The node voltage at time t; If the conditions are met, the verification is successful; otherwise, it indicates the presence of a voltage violation node, and the grid carbon emission penalty value is updated based on the following update formula: ； ； in, The control coefficient for the carbon emission penalty value of the power grid; and These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of electricity received from the upper-level power grid; and The minimum and maximum values ​​of electricity to be supplied to the upper-level power grid. Indicates producer-consumer exist The grid's carbon emission penalty for receiving electricity is updated in real time. Indicates producer-consumer exist The grid's carbon emission penalty for receiving electricity is updated in real time. Indicates producer-consumer Updated grid carbon emission penalty values ​​for electricity supply.

7. The P2P energy interaction method considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The producer-consumer P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model is as follows: ； ； ； ； ； ； ； in, This indicates the carbon penalty value for P2P interactions where producers and consumers provide electricity. This represents the carbon penalty value for P2P interactions between producers and consumers in receiving electricity. This represents the initial grid carbon penalty value for producers and consumers supplying electricity to the upper-level grid. This represents the initial grid carbon penalty value for the electricity received by producers and consumers from the upstream grid. Indicates the cluster of prosumers in The supply and demand ratio of electricity at any given time; Indicates in The electrical energy provided by all producers and consumers at all times; Indicates in The electrical energy received by all producers and consumers at any given moment; This represents the net load of the entire prosumer cluster; The final electricity consumption is obtained by using the P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model and combining it with the optimal electricity scheme, including: the total electricity consumption of the cluster when prosumers participate in cluster energy cooperation and sharing, and the energy consumption of individual prosumers when the energy consumption of the prosumer cluster is minimized.

8. A P2P energy interaction system considering producer-consumer voltage regulation and demand-side management, characterized in that, Includes the following modules: Prosumer energy consumption optimization module: Based on the current carbon emission penalty value of electricity received and fed back by prosumers from the upper-level power grid, establish the objective function and constraints of the prosumer energy consumption optimization model. Based on the prosumer energy consumption optimization model, construct the inner-loop prosumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model, and solve the prosumer cluster energy consumption minimization sub-model to obtain the optimal prosumer energy consumption solution. Voltage safety verification module: used to construct an outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model, and to use the outer-loop DNO voltage maintenance model to perform voltage safety verification on the optimal power consumption scheme for producers and consumers; Energy Interaction Module: Used to construct a producer-consumer P2P carbon penalty supply-demand ratio model based on the P2P interaction amount in the optimal electricity consumption scheme, and obtain the final electricity consumption.

9. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-storable medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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