Cymbal structure electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy collection device and method for non-intrusive voltage sensor

Abstract

The invention discloses a cymbal structure electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy collection device and method for a non-intrusive voltage sensor, and relates to the technical field of multi-field coupling energy collection, and the cymbal structure electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy collection device comprises a piezoelectric cantilever beam, a cymbal type elastic metal shell, a magnetostriction driving layer, a dielectric elastomer driving layer, a permanent magnet and a mounting substrate. The magnetostriction driving layer and the dielectric elastomer driving layer are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the cymbal-shaped metal shell respectively, deformation is generated by responding to an alternating magnetic field, a high-voltage electric field and structural vibration in a power system, and kinetic energy is loaded to the middle of the piezoelectric cantilever beam by means of the axial force amplification effect of a cymbal structure. Therefore, electric energy output under multi-field coupling driving is realized. The device can be widely applied to energy supply of a non-intrusive voltage sensor, is particularly suitable for the surfaces of equipment such as a transformer shell, a GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) shell and a cable joint, can efficiently collect stray magnetic field, electric field and vibration energy, has good stability and adaptability, and has a wide engineering application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy harvesting technology, and in particular to a cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device and method for non-invasive voltage sensors. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of power systems towards intelligence and digitalization, an increasing number of non-intrusive voltage sensors are being deployed in key power equipment such as transmission lines, substations, ring main units, high-voltage switchgear, and GIS equipment for real-time voltage monitoring. These sensors detect voltage by sensing an electric field, without needing to directly contact power lines or equipment, thus avoiding the high risks and complex wiring problems associated with traditional sensors due to contact connections.

[0003] The advantage of non-invasive voltage sensors lies in their ability to remotely monitor voltage changes in real time without affecting the operation of power equipment, ensuring the safety and stability of the power system. Due to the complex operating environment of power equipment, often accompanied by high voltage, high current, and strong electromagnetic interference, these sensors place higher demands on the stability and self-powering capabilities of the power supply system. Traditional wireless sensors typically rely on battery power or external power connections, which not only leads to problems such as short battery life and frequent maintenance, but also makes it difficult to meet the long-term autonomous operation requirements of distributed sensing devices such as non-invasive voltage sensors.

[0004] To address this challenge, micro-energy harvesting technology based on ambient energy, especially harvesting devices that can effectively utilize stray electromagnetic fields and mechanical vibration energy generated during the operation of power equipment, has become an important solution for achieving long-term self-powered operation of non-invasive voltage sensors. Currently, most energy harvesting devices are based on a single response mechanism, such as magnetostrictive materials responding to magnetic fields or piezoelectric materials responding to mechanical stress. However, these devices can usually only respond to specific energy sources and are insufficient in terms of harvesting efficiency and conversion capability for multi-source stray energy, failing to meet the high-efficiency power supply requirements for voltage sensors in complex power environments.

[0005] In the complex environment of power systems, there are multiple interference sources such as alternating magnetic fields, electric fields, and mechanical vibrations. Current technologies mostly focus on harvesting energy from single sources, failing to fully utilize these multi-source energy sources. Against this backdrop, dielectric elastomers, due to their significant deformation under electric fields and excellent electrostrictive properties, have become ideal materials for electric field energy harvesting. By combining dielectric elastomers with magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composite structures and designing cymbal-shaped elastic structures, it is possible to achieve a multi-field joint response to stray magnetic fields, leakage electric fields, and mechanical vibrations in power equipment. This also significantly improves the stability and efficiency of energy harvesting, thus providing long-term stable self-powering support for low-power devices such as non-invasive voltage sensors. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for non-invasive voltage sensors. This device is a multi-field excitation piezoelectric energy harvesting device capable of simultaneously responding to magnetic fields, electric fields, and environmental vibrations. Based on the stress amplification mechanism of the cymbal structure, this device constructs an asymmetric heterogeneous driving structure by introducing a dielectric elastomer and a magnetostrictive material, achieving joint capture and efficient conversion of multi-source stray energy. It is particularly suitable for non-invasive voltage sensor applications in power system operating environments. The specific technical solution is as follows: A cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for non-invasive voltage sensors, comprising: Mounting base, the mounting base being used for mounting on the surface of the housing of power system equipment; A piezoelectric cantilever beam, one end of which is fixed to the mounting base and the other end is suspended freely, is used to output electrical energy when deformed; A cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell is installed in the middle of a piezoelectric cantilever beam, and the middle part is mechanically coupled to the piezoelectric cantilever beam to convert the vertical driving deformation into the axial loading of the piezoelectric beam. A magnetostrictive driving layer is disposed on the upper side of the cymbal-shaped metal shell and is made of magnetostrictive material. The magnetostrictive driving layer deforms under the combined action of an alternating magnetic field and a bias magnetic field provided by a permanent magnet. A dielectric elastomer driving layer is disposed on the lower side of the cymbal-shaped metal shell and is made of a dielectric elastomer material, which undergoes electrostrictive deformation under the action of a high electric field. A permanent magnet is disposed on the outside of the magnetostrictive drive layer to provide a static bias magnetic field to enhance the magnetostrictive response.

[0007] Preferably, the piezoelectric cantilever beam is composed of piezoelectric elements and spring steel sheets stacked together.

[0008] Preferably, the cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell has a double-layer symmetrical structure and is made of a highly elastic metal such as spring steel or beryllium copper. Its edges are elastically connected to the mounting base, and the center of the cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell is coupled to the middle of the piezoelectric cantilever beam.

[0009] Preferably, the magnetostrictive driving layer is made of Terfenol-D, Metglas, or Fe-Ga alloy.

[0010] Preferably, the dielectric elastomer driving layer is made of P(VDF-TrFE), PDMS or a composite material thereof, and has flexible electrodes on its surface to apply a high voltage electric field.

[0011] Preferably, the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron material with a magnetic flux density greater than 0.4 T, and is fixedly embedded in the magnetostrictive drive layer structure or mounting substrate.

[0012] Preferably, the permanent magnet includes a permanent magnet mass block I installed at the end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam arm, a permanent magnet mass block II installed on the magnetostrictive drive layer, and a permanent magnet mass block III installed on the dielectric elastomer drive layer.

[0013] Preferably, the output end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam is connected to a rectifier filter module and an energy management chip.

[0014] Preferably, the mounting base is made of FR4 epoxy resin board, polycarbonate or ABS engineering plastic, and is installed on the surface of the power equipment housing by adhesive, magnetic attraction or bolts.

[0015] A data acquisition method based on the aforementioned device includes the following steps: When a low-frequency alternating magnetic field is present, the magnetostrictive layer is magnetically excited and generates stress, which is transmitted to the piezoelectric cantilever beam through the cymbal structure. The piezoelectric cantilever beam is subjected to alternating stress and generates a voltage signal. When the device is in an electric field environment, the dielectric elastomer is electrostricted under the excitation of the electric field, generating a controllable axial force that acts on the piezoelectric cantilever beam, thus achieving energy harvesting. When vibration or impact occurs during equipment operation, the vibration of the entire structure is coupled by the cymbal structure and transmitted to the piezoelectric layer, generating a dynamic strain response. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In this invention, multi-field energy collaborative acquisition can be realized, that is, the three excitation forms of magnetic field, electric field and vibration are integrated into the same device, which breaks through the adaptability limitations of existing single-source energy acquisition devices, and can efficiently acquire stray energy in the variable power equipment operating environment, which is particularly suitable for the energy requirements of non-invasive voltage sensors.

[0016] 2. In this invention, an asymmetric heterogeneous driving structure design is adopted, with magnetostrictive material and dielectric elastomer arranged in an upper and lower structure, which expands the energy response path and operating frequency band, enabling the device to achieve stable energy harvesting in various environments of the power system, and providing a wide range of operating condition adaptability for non-invasive voltage sensors.

[0017] 3. In this invention, the cymbal-shaped structure possesses excellent stress concentration characteristics, significantly improving the piezoelectric response sensitivity of the device under weak excitation. This characteristic is highly suitable for the acquisition requirements of low-frequency stray magnetic and electric fields in power equipment, and can provide continuous and stable power support for non-invasive voltage sensors.

[0018] 4. This invention is applicable to typical power system scenarios: the device can be deployed around power equipment such as cable joints, switch cabinet cavities, transformer shells, and GIS cabins to collect stray electromagnetic energy and vibration energy leaked during the operation of these devices. Through the energy collection and conversion of the device, it can not only provide a long-term stable power supply for traditional wireless monitoring equipment, but also meet the energy requirements of non-invasive voltage sensors in complex power environments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cymbal-structured piezoelectric energy harvesting device; Figure 2 This is a stress distribution diagram of a piezoelectric energy harvesting device under the action of an alternating electromagnetic field. Figure 3 This is a potential distribution diagram of a piezoelectric energy harvesting device under the action of an alternating electromagnetic field.

[0021] 1-Piezoelectric cantilever beam, 2-Cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell, 3-Magnetostrictive drive layer, 4-Dielectric elastomer drive layer, 5-Permanent magnet, 501-Permanent magnet mass block I, 502-Permanent magnet mass block II, 503-Permanent magnet mass block III, 6-Mounting substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Where the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features, they should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0026] Example Please see Figure 1-3 This embodiment discloses a cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for non-invasive voltage sensors, comprising: a piezoelectric cantilever beam 1, a cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell 2, a magnetostrictive driving layer 3, a dielectric elastomer driving layer 4, a permanent magnet 5, and a mounting base 6, wherein the functions of each component are as follows: The piezoelectric cantilever beam 1 is the core structure of the energy harvesting device. The cantilever beam is set at the center of the energy harvesting device and works based on the piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric cantilever beam 1 is composed of piezoelectric elements and spring steel sheets stacked together. The piezoelectric elements can be made of PZT series materials. Under the excitation of external electric field, magnetic field and stray mechanical energy, the spring steel sheet is subjected to mechanical stress and its stress is concentrated and driven to the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element is polarized under the action of mechanical stress, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy is further collected and output through the back-end circuit.

[0027] The magnetostrictive driving layer 3 is disposed on the upper side of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 1 and fixed to the upper cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell 2. The magnetostrictive driving layer 3 is made of magnetostrictive material FeGa alloy. In other embodiments, it can also be made of Terfenol-D or Metglas. When an external stray alternating magnetic field (such as stray magnetic field around cables or transformers) acts on the layer, it generates controllable stretching deformation in its length direction, thereby applying alternating force to the cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell 2. The magnetostrictive driving layer 3 has high responsiveness to low-intensity magnetic fields. Even under weak magnetic field excitation on the order of 10-100 μT, it can output mechanical energy on the order of mW.

[0028] The dielectric elastomer driving layer 4 is disposed on the upper side of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 1 and fixed to the lower cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell 2. The dielectric elastomer driving layer 4 is made of polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene P (VDF-TrFE), a dielectric elastomer with a high dielectric constant. In other embodiments, it can be made of P (VDF-TrFE), PDMS, or their composite materials. The driving layer is coated with a flexible electrode. When an external stray high electric field (such as a leakage electric field near a high-voltage electrode) acts on its surface, the dielectric elastomer layer undergoes lateral compression and longitudinal tensile deformation, providing driving force to the cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell 2 through the attachment structure. The dielectric elastomer driving layer 4 can supplement the magnetic field excitation blind zone and realize the driving response under the electric field, and has the characteristics of being lightweight, flexible, and having a fast response.

[0029] The cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell 2 has a double-layer symmetrical structure, is made of highly elastic metal, and has an octagonal drum shape. In this embodiment, it consists of two symmetrical stainless steel metal caps forming a hollow structure. The central area is tightly connected to the middle of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 1, and the edges are fixed by threads, slots, or welding. The structure of the cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell 2 forms a mechanical lever transmission system, which axially amplifies the weak stress generated by the magnetostrictive / dielectric elastomer and loads the enhanced force onto the piezoelectric cantilever beam 1. Its mechanical amplification ratio can reach 5 to 10 times, which can significantly improve the piezoelectric output sensitivity under micro-excitation. The structure is robust and suitable for the vibration environment of the power field.

[0030] The permanent magnet 5 is a neodymium iron boron high-power magnet with a magnetic flux density of up to 0.4T. It includes a permanent magnet mass block I501 installed at the end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam 1, a permanent magnet mass block II502 installed on the magnetostrictive drive layer 3, and a permanent magnet mass block III503 installed on the dielectric elastomer drive layer 4. On the one hand, the permanent magnet mass blocks can establish a static bias magnetic field near the energy harvesting device to enhance its deformation capability in the alternating magnetic field. On the other hand, by adjusting the mass of the permanent magnet mass blocks, the overall dynamic response characteristics of the energy harvesting device can be changed to achieve frequency matching between the energy harvesting device and the stray electromagnetic field. The setting of the permanent magnet 5 can effectively extend the linear region of the magnetostrictive response and improve the response efficiency to the 50 Hz / 60 Hz power frequency excitation of the power equipment.

[0031] Mounting base 6 is a rigid carrier platform made of stainless steel. Mounting base 6 is used to fix the overall structure of the device, provide structural support, and serve as the interface for connecting the device with power equipment. Mounting base 6 can meet the installation requirements of different scenarios such as cable surfaces, switch cabinet walls, and GIS housings.

[0032] The structural feature of the cymbal structure piezoelectric energy harvesting device is that the piezoelectric element layer is connected to different excitation sources, namely magnetostrictive material and dielectric elastomer, respectively, forming an asymmetric coupling structure, so as to realize the stress deformation of the piezoelectric element under three excitation paths.

[0033] The working mechanism of the cymbal structure piezoelectric energy harvesting device is as follows: When a low-frequency alternating magnetic field (such as cable leakage magnetic field or transformer stray magnetic field) is present, the magnetostrictive layer is magnetically excited and generates stress, which is transmitted to the piezoelectric cantilever beam 1 through the cymbal structure. The piezoelectric cantilever beam 1 is subjected to alternating stress and generates a voltage signal. When the device is in an electric field environment (such as high voltage equipment or the vicinity of electrodes), the dielectric elastomer is electrostricted under the excitation of the electric field, generating a controllable axial force that acts on the piezoelectric cantilever beam 1, thus achieving energy harvesting. When vibration or impact occurs during equipment operation (such as switching action, structural resonance, external disturbance), the vibration of the entire structure is coupled by the cymbal structure and transmitted to the piezoelectric layer to generate a dynamic strain response.

[0034] Through the combination or alternation of the aforementioned multi-field excitation methods, this structure can achieve stable output in various energy input scenarios, exhibiting strong environmental adaptability and making it particularly suitable for non-invasive voltage sensor applications in power systems. This device can efficiently collect and convert stray energy from electric fields, magnetic fields, and vibrations into electrical energy without direct contact with electrical equipment, providing stable self-powering support for low-power devices such as non-invasive voltage sensors.

[0035] In summary, the magneto-electric-vibration multi-field response cymbal structure piezoelectric energy harvesting device of this embodiment utilizes the mechanical response of magnetostrictive materials to magnetic fields, the driving response of dielectric elastomers to electric fields, and the mechanical amplification effect of cymbal-shaped metal shells to convert various external fields (magnetic fields, electric fields, and vibrations) into deformation excitation of piezoelectric cantilever beams, ultimately achieving electrical energy output.

[0036] The mechanism of magnetostrictive response to stray magnetic fields is as follows: the magnetostrictive driving layer is subjected to an external alternating magnetic field. H ( t and bias magnetic field H0 Under the combined action of , the axial length changes, and the magnetostrictive strain can be expressed as: in, For the strain of magnetostrictive materials, H ( t (This refers to) an external alternating magnetic field. H0 The static bias magnetic field applied to the permanent magnet Let be the magnetostriction coefficient of the magnetostrictive material. This strain acts on the cymbal-shaped metal shell through a rigid connection, causing a longitudinal displacement in its central part. .

[0037] The mechanism by which a dielectric elastomer responds to a stray electric field is as follows: The dielectric elastomer in a high-voltage electric field... EUnder the influence of this force, it compresses in the thickness direction and expands in the planar direction. The equivalent strain can be approximated as: in, For the strain of the dielectric elastomer, The vacuum permittivity, The relative permittivity of the dielectric elastomer material is . E The intensity of the stray electric field in space. Y Given the material's Young's modulus, under the influence of a leakage electric field or a spatial electric field near high-voltage equipment, this layer will push upwards, causing displacement at the center of the cymbal-shaped shell. This enhances energy coupling.

[0038] Due to its stress concentration structure, the cymbal-shaped metal shell exhibits excellent stress concentration and force amplification effects. The upper and lower driving layers apply axial deformation from both sides. and In addition, environmental vibration excitation contributes to displacement. The three excitation responses are superimposed to form the central vertical strain. This deformation is further transmitted to the piezoelectric cantilever beam, causing periodic bending of the beam. Under stress, the piezoelectric material generates alternating charges. The output of the piezoelectric cantilever beam is rectified, filtered, and processed by an energy management module to provide a stable voltage, supplying continuous power to the low-power sensor nodes. To verify the structural rationality and energy conversion performance of the multi-source energy harvesting device described in this invention, COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to perform three-dimensional finite element modeling and multiphysics coupling simulation of the device, and the electric field distribution and stress response characteristics under the action of alternating electric field and preloaded force were analyzed.

[0039] like Figure 2 The diagram shows the stress distribution of the energy harvesting device, illustrating its mechanical stress response under combined excitation. It can be seen that stress concentration is significant in the middle of the structure and at the root of the cantilever beam, with the maximum stress approaching 4.2 MPa. This stress is mainly concentrated at the connection between the cantilever beam and the mass block, verifying that this area is the primary energy conversion zone. The good uniformity of stress distribution indicates that the structure possesses high dynamic stability and mechanical reliability.

[0040] like Figure 3 The figure shows the potential distribution of the data acquisition device of this invention under the action of an alternating electromagnetic field. As can be seen from the figure, a significant potential gradient is formed on both sides of the dielectric elastic body, indicating that it effectively senses the external electric field and can realize electrostrictive actuation, providing a mechanical excitation source for the piezoelectric cantilever beam; the potential is continuously distributed along the transmission path, indicating that the internal structure of the device has good consistency in electric field transmission, which helps to stabilize energy conversion.

[0041] Simulations of the resonant response under different mass block configurations show that the resonant frequency of this device can be flexibly adjusted within the range of 50-160 Hz. The piezoelectric layer can obtain an output voltage of more than 6 V and an output power of 2~3 mW under the excitation of the resonant frequency, demonstrating significant energy harvesting capability.

[0042] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for non-invasive voltage sensors, characterized in that, include: Mounting base (6), the mounting base (6) is used to install on the outer surface of the power system equipment; A piezoelectric cantilever beam (1) is fixed at one end to the mounting base (6) and the other end is suspended in the air, which is used to output electrical energy when deformed; Cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell (2), the cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell (2) is installed in the middle of the piezoelectric cantilever beam (1), the middle part is mechanically coupled with the piezoelectric cantilever beam (1), and is used to convert the driving deformation in the vertical direction into the axial loading of the piezoelectric beam; Magnetostrictive driving layer (3) is disposed on the upper side of the cymbal-shaped metal shell and is made of magnetostrictive material. The magnetostrictive driving layer (3) deforms under the combined action of the alternating magnetic field and the bias magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet (5). Dielectric elastomer driving layer (4), the dielectric elastomer driving layer (4) is disposed on the lower side of the cymbal-shaped metal shell, and is made of dielectric elastomer material, which undergoes electrostrictive deformation under the action of high electric field; A permanent magnet (5) is disposed around the outside of the magnetostrictive drive layer (3) to provide a static bias magnetic field to enhance the magnetostrictive response.

2. The cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for a non-invasive voltage sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piezoelectric cantilever beam (1) is composed of piezoelectric elements and spring steel sheets stacked together.

3. The cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for a non-invasive voltage sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell (2) is a double-layer symmetrical structure made of highly elastic metal. Its edge is elastically connected to the mounting base (6), and the center of the cymbal-shaped elastic metal shell (2) is coupled to the middle of the piezoelectric cantilever beam (1).

4. The cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for a non-invasive voltage sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetostrictive drive layer (3) is made of Terfenol-D, Metglas or Fe-Ga alloy.

5. The cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for a non-invasive voltage sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric elastomer driving layer (4) is made of P(VDF-TrFE), PDMS or their composite material, and has flexible electrodes on its surface to apply a high voltage electric field.

6. The cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for a non-invasive voltage sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnet (5) is made of neodymium iron boron material with a magnetic flux density greater than 0.4 T, and is fixedly embedded in the magnetostrictive drive layer (3) structure or mounting substrate (6).

7. The cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for a non-invasive voltage sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnet (5) includes a permanent magnet mass block I (501) installed at the end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam (1), a permanent magnet mass block II (502) installed on the magnetostrictive drive layer (3), and a permanent magnet mass block III (503) installed on the dielectric elastomer drive layer (4).

8. The cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for a non-invasive voltage sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output end of the piezoelectric cantilever beam (1) is connected to a rectifier filter module and an energy management chip.

9. A cymbal-structured electro-magnetic-mechanical multi-field energy harvesting device for a non-invasive voltage sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting base (6) is made of FR4 epoxy resin board, polycarbonate or ABS engineering plastic, and is installed on the surface of the power equipment housing by adhesive, magnetic attraction or bolt.

10. A data acquisition method based on the device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: When a low-frequency alternating magnetic field is present, the magnetostrictive layer is magnetically excited and generates stress, which is transmitted to the piezoelectric cantilever beam through the cymbal structure. The piezoelectric cantilever beam is subjected to alternating stress and generates a voltage signal. When the device is in an electric field environment, the dielectric elastomer is electrostricted under the excitation of the electric field, generating a controllable axial force that acts on the piezoelectric cantilever beam, thus achieving energy harvesting. When vibration or impact occurs during equipment operation, the vibration of the entire structure is coupled by the cymbal structure and transmitted to the piezoelectric layer to generate a dynamic strain response.

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