Pulse width self-adaptive high-voltage modulator based on reconfigurable Bouncer topology and compensation method of pulse width self-adaptive high-voltage modulator
By dynamically adjusting the resonant parameters through a reconfigurable Bouncer topology, the problems of insufficient compensation accuracy and complex hardware redundancy in traditional high-voltage modulators with variable pulse widths are solved, achieving high-precision and high-efficiency energy compensation over a wide range, simplifying system design and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
The Bouncer compensation circuit of traditional long-pulse high-voltage modulators is difficult to adapt to a wide range of pulse width variations, resulting in a decrease or failure of the compensation effect. The hardware design is complex and costly, and it cannot meet the high-precision requirements of modern industry and scientific research.
By adopting a reconfigurable Bouncer topology and dynamically adjusting the resonance parameters, a pulse width adaptive high voltage modulator is designed. By using pulse width commands in conjunction with the sensing unit and the reconfigurable Bouncer module, the resonant capacitance and inductance values are matched in real time to achieve high-precision compensation in the range of 0.5ms to 5ms.
It achieves high-precision compensation within a wide pulse width range, reduces system size by 60%, lowers cost by 45%, and has a fast response time of less than 100ms, meeting dynamic switching requirements.
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Figure CN121664162A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pulse power technology, specifically involving Bouncer energy storage module, pulse width matching high voltage modulator, and topology dynamic compensation technology. Background Technology
[0002] The Bouncer compensation circuit used in traditional long-pulse high-voltage modulators has the following technical defects, making it difficult to meet the requirements of modern industry, scientific research and other fields for wide-range and high-precision pulse sources.
[0003] Poor pulse width adaptability: Once the resonant parameters in the Bouncer compensation circuit are set, they are fixed, and its resonant period can only be matched with a specific pulse width; if a wide range of pulse widths needs to be output, the compensation effect will drop sharply or even fail; see reference - Yang Jinghong, "Design of All-Solid-State Bouncer Modulator", 2018.
[0004] Hardware design constraints lead to high expansion costs: Traditional methods require the independent design and manufacture of multiple Bouncer circuits for each target pulse width to cover different pulse width ranges, resulting in a large system size, complex structure, high hardware costs, and high maintenance difficulty; see literature—Pfeffer H, et al, "A long pulse modulator for reduced size and cost", 1994.
[0005] Dynamic pulse width compensation failure: In application scenarios that require rapid switching of output pulse width, the fixed resonant period cannot keep synchronized with the changed pulse timing, resulting in disordered energy compensation timing and complete failure of pulse drop compensation; the drop fluctuation usually exceeds 1%, which cannot meet the requirements of high stability. Summary of the Invention
[0006] This invention addresses the problems of insufficient compensation accuracy, slow switching response, and complex system redundancy in existing high-voltage modulators when dealing with varying pulse widths. It proposes a pulse-width adaptive high-voltage modulator and its compensation method based on a reconfigurable Bouncer topology. This method dynamically reconstructs the resonant parameters, ensuring precise matching between the resonant period and pulse width. The hardware structure is compact, simplifying the system and reducing costs. It adaptively matches a wide range of pulse widths, maintaining high-precision compensation during dynamic switching. This achieves high-precision compensation with a pulse width switching range of 0.5ms to 5ms and a peak drop of ≤0.5%, as well as a fast response compensation effect of ≤100ms.
[0007] One end of the charging resistor R1 is connected to the positive terminal of the main high-voltage power supply E1, and the other end is connected to the positive terminal of the Bouncer power supply E2. One end of the load RL is connected to the negative terminal of E1 through the main modulation switch K1, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of E2. The main energy storage capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with E1. The positive terminal of E1 is connected to the negative terminal of E2 through the power switching switch 1 and the capacitor array Ca. The cathode of the diode D is connected to the positive terminal of E1, and the anode is connected to the negative terminal of E2 through the power switching switch 2 and the inductor array La. The Bouncer modulation switch K2 is connected in parallel with the diode D. The pulse width command and sensing unit is connected in parallel with the load RL to form a pulse width adaptive high-voltage modulator. The power switching switch 1, the capacitor array Ca, the power switching switch 2, and the inductor array La form a reconfigurable Bouncer module.
[0008] The pulse width command and sensing unit monitor the output pulse of the load RL; receive the target pulse width command τ from the external input, query the preset pulse width-resonance parameter mapping table, and calculate the target resonant capacitance value C_target and the target resonant inductance value L_target that match the pulse width; it is connected to the reconfigurable Bouncer module via a bidirectional data / control line, sends capacitance and inductance adjustment control signals to the reconfigurable Bouncer module, and receives feedback signals of the adjustment results; it sends trigger control 1 signal and trigger control 2 signal to the main modulation switch K1 and the Bouncer modulation switch K2 respectively, that is, the main modulation timing drive Qm and the Bouncer timing drive Tq, so that the main modulation switch K1 and the Bouncer modulation switch K2 are controlled to be turned on and off.
[0009] Furthermore, the resonant period T and pulse width τ in the pulse width-resonance parameter mapping table satisfy T ≈ 4τ, which makes the resonant energy compensation timing precisely aligned with the main pulse timing.
[0010] The reconfigurable Bouncer module receives the target resonant capacitance value C_target and the target resonant inductance value L_target sent by the pulse width command and sensing unit, adjusts the capacitor array Ca and the inductor array La to the corresponding values in real time, and sends a feedback signal of the adjustment result to the pulse width command and sensing unit.
[0011] Furthermore, a capacitor array Ca composed of multiple capacitors with different or the same capacitance values is connected to the power switching switch 1. According to the target resonant capacitance value C_target, the power switching switch 1 controls the on / off combination of each capacitor to achieve step adjustment of the equivalent parallel capacitor within a preset range.
[0012] Furthermore, multiple inductors with different or the same inductance values form an inductor array La, which is connected to the power switching switch 2. The power switching switch 2 controls the on / off combination of each inductor according to the target resonant inductance value L_target, thereby realizing the step adjustment of the equivalent series / parallel inductance within a preset range.
[0013] This invention designs a sensing-reconstruction mechanism that dynamically adjusts the resonance parameters to match a pulse width range of 0.5ms to 5ms or even wider. It stably controls the top drop compensation accuracy within 0.5% for any pulse width, solving the problem of compensation failure when the pulse width changes in traditional solutions and achieving an adaptive high-precision compensation effect over a wide pulse width range.
[0014] This invention replaces multiple independent resonant circuits in the traditional solution with a reconfigurable Bouncer module, simplifying hardware design, reducing system size by about 60%, and lowering cost by about 45%, resulting in significant economic benefits and engineering application value.
[0015] This invention utilizes the microsecond-level response of a power switching switch and the millisecond-level adjustment speed of an adjustable inductor to achieve a switching response time of ≤50μs between different pulse widths, thus realizing a fast pulse width switching response and meeting the rapid adjustment requirements under dynamic operating conditions.
[0016] This invention transforms the modulator from a single hardware device into an adaptive system with a certain degree of intelligence. By simply setting the target pulse width, the system can automatically complete parameter matching and compensation. It is easy to operate and can be easily upgraded through software to expand the pulse width range or optimize the compensation strategy, thereby improving the intelligence and flexibility of the system. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a pulse width adaptive high voltage modulator.
[0018] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the pulse width adaptive compensation method.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a waveform diagram of the four stages of timing-coordinated compensation. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0021] according to Figure 1The circuit shown has the following connections: one end of the charging resistor R1 is connected to the positive terminal of the main high-voltage power supply E1, and the other end is connected to the positive terminal of the Bouncer power supply E2; one end of the load RL is connected to the negative terminal of E1 via the main modulation switch K1, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of E2; the main energy storage capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with E1; the positive terminal of E1 is connected to the negative terminal of E2 via the power switching switch 1 and the capacitor array Ca; the cathode of the diode D is connected to the positive terminal of E1, and the anode is connected to the negative terminal of E2 via the power switching switch 2 and the inductor array La; the Bouncer modulation switch K2 is connected in parallel with the diode D; and the pulse width command and sensing unit is connected in parallel with the load RL, forming a pulse width adaptive high-voltage modulator. The power switching switch 1, the capacitor array Ca, the power switching switch 2, and the inductor array La form a reconfigurable Bouncer module.
[0022] The pulse width adaptive compensation method process is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the pulse width command and sensing unit receives the target pulse width command τ from the external input, queries the preset pulse width-resonance parameter mapping table, calculates the target resonant capacitor value C_target and the target resonant inductor value L_target that match the pulse width, and sends capacitor and inductor adjustment control signals to the reconfigurable Bouncer module. This causes power switching switch 1 to control the on / off combination of each capacitor in the capacitor array Ca, adjusting the equivalent parallel capacitor step by step to C_target. Similarly, power switching switch 2 controls the on / off combination of each inductor in the inductor array La, adjusting the equivalent series / parallel inductor step by step to L_target. This performs timing coordination compensation, and the reconfigurable Bouncer module sends a feedback signal of the adjustment result to the pulse width command and sensing unit.
[0023] During the main pulse working cycle of the timing-coordinated compensation, the following stages are executed: pre-charging stage, resonance preparation stage, compensation discharge stage, and energy recovery stage. In the pre-charging stage, the main modulation timing drive Qm opens the main modulation switch K1, and the Bouncer timing drive Tq opens the Bouncer modulation switch K2. The main energy storage capacitor C1 and the capacitor array Ca in the reconfigurable Bouncer module are pre-charged. In the resonance preparation stage, the Bouncer modulation switch K2 closes, the main modulation switch K1 opens, and an LC resonance is formed inside the reconfigurable Bouncer module to prepare for compensation. In the compensation discharge stage, both the main modulation switch K1 and the Bouncer modulation switch K2 are closed. The main energy storage capacitor C1 and the reconfigurable Bouncer module are connected in series and discharge together to the load RL, using the resonant energy to accurately compensate for the pulse drop. In the energy recovery stage, the main modulation switch K1 opens, the Bouncer modulation switch K2 closes, and the residual energy in the resonant circuit is fed back to the Bouncer power supply E2 through the diode D.
[0024] The pulse width command and sensing unit uses a 16-bit high-speed ADC to sample the load pulse voltage in real time with a sampling rate of not less than 1 MSPS, so that the pulse width measurement accuracy is within ±0.1%. The unit has a built-in MCU to perform pulse width calculation and parameter decision.
[0025] The capacitor array uses four film capacitors with a nominal capacitance of 25μF connected in parallel. Each capacitor is connected in series with an IGBT to form a power switching switch 1. The on and off of the four IGBTs are controlled by binary code to achieve equivalent capacitance adjustment of four levels: 25μF, 50μF, 75μF, and 100μF.
[0026] The inductor array uses four hollow inductors with a nominal inductance of 10mH connected in series / parallel. Each inductor is connected in series with an IGBT to form a power switching switch 2. The on and off of the four IGBTs are controlled by binary code to achieve equivalent inductance adjustment of four levels: 10mH, 20mH, 30mH, and 40mH.
[0027] The IGBTs used in power switching switches 1 and 2 have turn-on and turn-off response times of ≤10μs. Capacitor and inductor adjustment is achieved by solid-state switches. From receiving the command to completing the equivalent parameter reconstruction, the total delay is <50μs, achieving near-instantaneous response of pulse width switching.
[0028] If the system switches from 1ms pulse width mode to 5ms pulse width mode, such as Figure 3 As shown, the externally input target pulse width command τ is used by the MCU to query the mapping table and determine the target resonance parameters as C_target=100μF and L_target=40mH. Commands are then sent to the drive circuits of the capacitor array and inductor array to control all four IGBT switches of the capacitor array to be turned on, connecting four 25μF capacitors in parallel, thus reconstructing the equivalent capacitance C from 25μF in the 1ms mode to 100μF. Similarly, all four IGBT switches of the inductor array are turned on, connecting four 10mH inductors in series, thus reconstructing the equivalent inductance L from 10mH in the 1ms mode to 40mH. The total time is less than 50μs. High-precision top-drop compensation is performed on the 5ms pulse width according to the four stages of pre-charging, resonance preparation, compensated discharge, and energy recovery. The test results are shown in the table below.
[0029] Test Project Initial state (1ms) Target status (5ms) Test Results Reconstruct parameters C=25μF, L=10mH C=100μF, L=40mH Parameters successfully reconstructed Pulse top drop 0.31% 0.28% Accuracy better than 0.5%, stable performance. Switching time - - ≤50μs This invention enables large-span pulse width switching from 1ms to 5ms within 50μs, with high-precision top drop compensation of <0.5% before and after switching. Compared with the traditional solution that designs a separate Bouncer compensation circuit for 1ms and 5ms pulse widths, the single reconfigurable module reduces two independent compensation resonance circuits, shrinks the overall system volume by about 60%, and reduces the cost of major materials by about 45%.
[0030] The above are embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A pulse width adaptive high voltage modulator based on a reconfigurable Bouncer topology, characterized in that, include: One end of the charging resistor R1 is connected to the positive terminal of the main high-voltage power supply E1, and the other end is connected to the positive terminal of the Bouncer power supply E2. One end of the load RL is connected to the negative terminal of E1 through the main modulation switch K1, and the other end is connected to the negative terminal of E2. The main energy storage capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with E1. The positive terminal of E1 is connected to the negative terminal of E2 through the power switching switch 1 and the capacitor array Ca. The cathode of the diode D is connected to the positive terminal of E1, and the anode is connected to the negative terminal of E2 through the power switching switch 2 and the inductor array La. The Bouncer modulation switch K2 is connected in parallel with the diode D. The pulse width command and sensing unit is connected in parallel with the load RL to form a pulse width adaptive high-voltage modulator. The power switching switch 1, the capacitor array Ca, the power switching switch 2, and the inductor array La form a reconfigurable Bouncer module.
2. The pulse width adaptive high voltage modulator based on reconfigurable Bouncer topology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capacitor array Ca consists of multiple capacitors with different or the same capacitance values and is connected to the power switching switch 1. The power switching switch 1 controls the on / off combination of each capacitor, and the equivalent parallel capacitor is stepped to C_target. The inductor array La consists of multiple inductors with different or the same inductance values and is connected to the power switching switch 2. The power switching switch 2 controls the on / off combination of each inductor, and the equivalent series / parallel inductor is stepped to L_target.
3. The pulse width adaptive high voltage modulator based on reconfigurable Bouncer topology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse width command and sensing unit uses a 16-bit high-speed ADC to sample the load pulse voltage in real time with a sampling rate of not less than 1 MSPS and a pulse width measurement accuracy within ±0.1%. The unit has a built-in MCU to perform pulse width calculation and parameter decision-making.
4. The pulse width adaptive high voltage modulator based on reconfigurable Bouncer topology according to claim 2, characterized in that, The capacitor array Ca consists of four 25μF film capacitors connected in parallel, with each capacitor connected in series with an IGBT to form a power switching switch 1. The switching of the four IGBTs is controlled by binary encoding, achieving equivalent capacitance adjustment at four levels: 25μF, 50μF, 75μF, and 100μF. The inductor array La consists of four 10mH hollow inductors connected in series / parallel, with each inductor connected in series with an IGBT to form a power switching switch 2. The switching of the four IGBTs is controlled by binary encoding, achieving equivalent inductance adjustment at four levels: 10mH, 20mH, 30mH, and 40mH.
5. The pulse width adaptive high voltage modulator based on reconfigurable Bouncer topology according to claim 4, characterized in that, The IGBTs used in the power switching switches 1 and 2 have turn-on and turn-off response times of ≤10μs, and the capacitor and inductor adjustments are achieved by solid-state switches. The entire delay from receiving the command to completing the equivalent parameter reconstruction is <50μs.
6. A pulse width adaptive compensation method based on reconfigurable Bouncer topology, characterized in that, The pulse width adaptive high voltage modulator based on reconfigurable Bouncer topology according to claim 2 includes: the pulse width command and sensing unit monitors the output pulse of the load RL; receives the externally input target pulse width command τ, queries a preset pulse width-resonance parameter mapping table, and calculates the target resonant capacitance value C_target and the target resonant inductance value L_target that match the pulse width; is connected to the reconfigurable Bouncer module via a bidirectional data / control line, sends capacitance and inductance adjustment control signals to the reconfigurable Bouncer module, and receives feedback signals of adjustment results; sends trigger control 1 signals and trigger control 2 signals to the main modulation switch K1 and the Bouncer modulation switch K2 respectively, namely, the main modulation timing drive Qm and the Bouncer timing drive Tq, so that the main modulation switch K1 and the Bouncer modulation switch K2 are switched on and off to perform timing coordination compensation; the reconfigurable Bouncer module receives the target resonant capacitance value C_target and the target resonant inductance value L_target sent by the pulse width command and sensing unit, adjusts the capacitor array Ca and the inductor array La to the corresponding values in real time, and sends feedback signals of adjustment results to the pulse width command and sensing unit.
7. The pulse width adaptive compensation method based on reconfigurable Bouncer topology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pulse width-resonance parameter mapping table includes: the resonance period T, which satisfies T ≈ 4τ with the pulse width τ.
8. The pulse width adaptive compensation method based on reconfigurable Bouncer topology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The timing-coordinated compensation includes: a pre-charging phase, a resonance preparation phase, a compensation discharge phase, and an energy recovery phase during the main pulse working cycle. During the pre-charging phase, the main modulation timing drive Qm opens the main modulation switch K1, and the Bouncer timing drive Tq opens the Bouncer modulation switch K2, pre-charging the main energy storage capacitor C1 and the capacitor array Ca within the reconfigurable Bouncer module. During the resonance preparation phase, the Bouncer modulation switch K2 closes, the main modulation switch K1 opens, and an LC resonance is formed within the reconfigurable Bouncer module, preparing for compensation. During the compensation discharge phase, both the main modulation switch K1 and the Bouncer modulation switch K2 close, and the main energy storage capacitor C1 and the reconfigurable Bouncer module are connected in series, discharging together to the load RL to accurately compensate for the pulse drop using resonant energy. During the energy recovery phase, the main modulation switch K1 opens, the Bouncer modulation switch K2 closes, and the residual energy in the resonant circuit is fed back to the Bouncer power supply E2 via diode D.