Communication system and method compatible with APL and PA

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication system and method compatible with APL and PA, and solves the problems that in the prior art, APL communication and PA communication cannot be compatible, communication choices are few, two sets of communication systems are needed for achieving two kinds of communication, and hardware cost is high. The system comprises a switch, the switch is connected with a plurality of APLPHY modules, each APLPHY module is connected with a change-over switch and a port, and the change-over switch is connected with the port; the port is connected with an APL device or a PA device, the change-over switch is connected with a PA modulation / demodulation module, the PA modulation / demodulation module is connected with a processor, and the processor is connected with a switch; the APL equipment port signal is connected with the APLPHY module, and the change-over switch is switched off; a port signal of the PA device is connected with the change-over switch, and the change-over switch conducts and disables the APLPHY module. Therefore, the selection of communication equipment in an industrial field is more flexible, the equipment integration level is improved, and the hardware purchase and maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial communication technology, and in particular to a communication system and method compatible with APL and PA. Background Technology

[0002] The advent of Advanced Physical Layer (APL) technology has driven the deployment of all components in the Industrial Internet, truly realizing a network architecture that extends from Ethernet to the bottom, from field instruments and various sensors to control systems. PROFIBUS PA is a communication protocol for process automation, specifically designed for connecting and controlling sensors, actuators, and other devices in industrial environments.

[0003] Currently, industrial equipment typically uses only APL and PA communication independently, without the option to choose between them. Even when APL and PA communication are implemented, they are all separate communication systems, and no system can simultaneously support both. For example, patent CN118233236A, a high-level physical layer (APL) adapter for legacy field devices, includes a first pair of terminals, an APL physical layer (PHY) circuit, a second pair of terminals, and connection circuitry. It enables functional interconnection between a two-wire APL branch and at least one legacy field device in an industrial process. However, this solution only addresses APL communication for industrial equipment and still cannot achieve compatibility between APL and PA communication. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of incompatibility between APL and PA communication in the prior art, limited communication options, and the need for two independent communication systems to achieve the two communication methods, resulting in high hardware costs. This invention provides a communication system and method that is compatible with both APL and PA, which significantly improves the flexibility and integration of industrial equipment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A communication system compatible with APL and PA includes: a switch connected to a plurality of APL_PHY modules, each APL_PHY module connected to a switch and a port, the port connected to an APL device or a PA device, the switch connected to a PA modem module, the PA modem module connected to a processor, and the processor connected to the switch; the APL device port signal is connected to the APL_PHY module, and the switch is disconnected; the PA device port signal is connected to the switch, and the switch is turned on and disables the APL_PHY module.

[0006] The system provided by this invention can achieve compatibility between APL and PA communication by using a switching switch in conjunction with an automatic identification mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, a port protection module is also included, which is disposed between the APL_PHY module and the port.

[0008] Preferably, the port protection module includes a decoupling inductor L1 and a decoupling inductor L2. The first end of the decoupling inductor L1 is connected to the downstream circuit and the positive terminal of the port input, and the second end of the decoupling inductor L1 is connected to the power supply VCC terminal. The first end of the decoupling inductor L2 is connected to the downstream circuit and the negative terminal of the port input, and the second end of the decoupling inductor L2 is connected to the power supply ground. A diode is connected between the power supply VCC terminal and the power supply ground. A diode is connected in parallel on both the decoupling inductor L1 and the decoupling inductor L2.

[0009] Preferably, the port is connected to a DC blocking capacitor after passing through a port protection module, and the DC blocking capacitor is connected to the APL_PHY module.

[0010] Preferably, a current-limiting resistor R1 is provided between the first end of the decoupling inductor L1 and the positive terminal of the port input, and a current-limiting resistor R2 is provided between the first end of the decoupling inductor L2 and the negative terminal of the port input.

[0011] Preferably, the inductance values ​​of both the decoupling inductor L1 and the decoupling inductor L2 are greater than 4mH.

[0012] A communication method compatible with APL and PA, comprising: S1: Enable APL_PHY, disconnect the switch, and determine whether the APL device is connected; S2: If the APL device is connected, APL communication is performed; if the APL device is not connected, APL_PHY is disabled, the toggle switch is turned on, and PA polling packets are sent. S3: If the PA device sends a response, then PA communication will proceed.

[0013] Preferably, after APL communication is interrupted, return to step S1; if the PA device replies, return to step S1 after PA communication is interrupted; if the PA device does not reply, return directly to step S1.

[0014] Preferably, the APL communication is as follows: the APL device port signal is connected to the DC blocking capacitor, the switch is turned off, the port signal is connected to the APL_PHY module through the DC blocking capacitor, and the APL_PHY module converts the signal into an RMII interface and then connects it to the switch.

[0015] Preferably, the PA communication is as follows: the port signal of the PA device is connected to a switch, the switch is turned on and the APL_PHY module is disabled, the port signal is connected to the PA modulation / demodulation module after passing through the switch, and the PA modulation / demodulation module converts the signal into a digital signal and then connects it to the processor.

[0016] Therefore, this invention has the following beneficial effects: it integrates APL and PA communication systems, merges port protection circuits, and utilizes a switching switch in conjunction with an automatic identification mechanism to achieve compatibility between APL and PA communication. This makes the selection of communication equipment in industrial settings more flexible, improves equipment integration, and reduces hardware procurement and maintenance costs. The added intrinsically safe port protection ensures that APL and PA devices can be used safely in explosive environments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system compatible with APL and PA in this invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the communication method compatible with APL and PA in this invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the port protection module in this invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Switch; 2. Port protection module; 3. APL_PHY module; 4. Processor; 5. Switch; 6. PA modulation / demodulation module; 7. DC blocking capacitor; 8. Port. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present invention and how they solve the above-mentioned technical problems will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0022] Example 1: This embodiment provides a communication system compatible with both APL and PA, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a switch module 1, a processor module 4, a PA modem / demodulation module 6, multiple APL_PHY modules 3, multiple switch modules 5, and multiple ports 8. The number of APL_PHY modules, switch modules, and ports corresponds one-to-one. The switch modules are connected to the APL_PHY modules via RMII interfaces, the switch modules are connected to the processor via RMII interfaces, the APL_PHY modules are connected to the ports, the APL_PHY modules are connected to the switch modules, the switch modules are connected to the PA modem / demodulation modules, and the PA modem / demodulation modules are connected to the processor module via SPI interfaces.

[0023] By using a switch in conjunction with an automatic identification mechanism, compatibility between APL and PA communication is achieved.

[0024] The RMII interface, or Simplified Media Independent Interface, is an Ethernet interface specification defined in the IEEE 802.3u standard. As a simplified version of the MII interface, it optimizes hardware design by reducing the number of signal lines from 16 to 7.

[0025] The following examples and specific application scenarios further illustrate the technical solution and effects of the present invention. The following examples are explanations of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0026] In industry, APL (Advanced Physical Layer) is used for sensors and actuators in process industries. APL aims to drive the digital transformation of process industries, providing high-speed and reliable long-distance data transmission. APL enhances communication capabilities in hazardous environments, with its core objective being to achieve process data transmission via standard Ethernet and IP technologies, supporting seamless data communication between sensors and actuators. APL is based on IEEE and IEC standards and is implemented using single-pair Ethernet technology. This technology not only improves communication speed and reliability but also possesses long-distance transmission capabilities, making it ideal for automation systems. APL facilitates interoperability between devices, significantly improving production efficiency and flexibility. APL can reliably achieve data communication within potentially explosive zones, ensuring safety in industrial processes. Overall, the application of APL in industry provides automation systems with a more efficient, safe, and intelligent data transmission solution.

[0027] In the industrial sector, PA communication typically refers to "Profibus PA" (Process Automation). Profibus PA is part of the Profibus (Process Field Bus) family and is primarily used for process automation applications requiring intrinsically safe and explosion-proof environments. The main advantages of this communication protocol include high reliability, real-time data transmission, and interoperability with multiple devices, making it widely used in industries such as chemical, oil and gas.

[0028] APL and PA communication have the following common features: (1): They are all used in sensors and actuators in the process industry.

[0029] (2): Based on PODL technology, long-distance data transmission and power supply can be realized simultaneously on a pair of differential lines.

[0030] (3): The peak-to-peak values ​​of the APL and PA signals are less than 1V and the power supply standards are consistent.

[0031] (4): The intrinsic safety parameters meet the intrinsic safety requirements of FISCO in IEC 60079-11.

[0032] Based on the above commonalities, the communication system provided in this embodiment is compatible with both APL and PA communication.

[0033] Therefore, the communication system compatible with APL and PA provided in this embodiment implements APL communication and PA communication as follows: (1) APL communication.

[0034] For APL devices, the port signal is connected to the APL_PHY module. When the switch is open, the port signal will not pass through the PA modulation / demodulation module, preventing the PA modulation / demodulation module from affecting the APL signal. The APL_PHY module is responsible for converting the APL physical layer signal to an RMII interface, which is then connected to the switch's MAC address to enable APL communication.

[0035] (2) PA communication.

[0036] For PA devices, the port signal is connected to a switch. When the switch is active, the APL_PHY module is disabled to prevent it from affecting the PA signal. After passing through the switch, the port signal connects to the PA modulation / demodulation module. This module converts the PA physical layer signal into a digital signal, which is then connected to the processor via the SPI interface, thus enabling PA communication.

[0037] The communication system compatible with APL and PA provided in this embodiment is mainly used for industrial communication equipment and can significantly improve the flexibility and integration of industrial equipment.

[0038] This embodiment also provides a communication method compatible with APL and PA, applied to the aforementioned communication system compatible with APL and PA, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the automatic identification process of its APL / PA device is as follows: Step 1, enable the APL_PHY module, turn off the switch, and determine whether the APL device is connected; Step 2, if the APL device is connected, APL communication is performed; if the APL device is not connected, the APL_PHY module is disabled, the switch is turned on, and a PA polling packet is sent; Step 3, if the PA device replies, PA communication is performed.

[0039] The polling packet sends a request to the PA device to obtain the latest data or status update. If the PA device responds, it returns the latest data or status update and performs PA communication.

[0040] Specifically: In step one, after the switch is turned off, wait 200ms before proceeding to step two.

[0041] In step two, if the APL device is connected, APL communication is performed. If the APL communication is interrupted, the process returns to step one and the automatic identification process of the APL / PA device is repeated.

[0042] In step three, if the PA device responds, PA communication is initiated; if PA communication is interrupted, the process returns to step one and restarts the automatic identification process for the APL / PA device. If the PA device does not respond, the process directly returns to step one and restarts the automatic identification process for the APL / PA device.

[0043] In this process, APL communication involves connecting the APL device port signal to the DC blocking capacitor, disconnecting the switch, and then connecting the port signal to the APL_PHY module via the DC blocking capacitor. The APL_PHY module then converts the signal to an RMII interface and connects it to the switch.

[0044] PA communication is as follows: the port signal of the PA device is connected to the switch, the switch is turned on and the APL_PHY module is disabled, the port signal is connected to the PA modulation / demodulation module after passing through the switch, the PA modulation / demodulation module converts the signal into a digital signal and then connects it to the processor.

[0045] The communication method compatible with both APL and PA provided in this embodiment is compatible with both APL and PA communication. It can automatically select between APL and PA communication based on whether the connected device is a PA device or an APL device, thus providing more options for industrial equipment communication.

[0046] Therefore, the communication system and method compatible with APL and PA provided in this embodiment have the following beneficial effects: It integrates APL and PA communication systems, merges port protection circuits, and utilizes a switching switch in conjunction with an automatic identification mechanism to achieve compatibility between APL and PA communication. This makes the selection of communication equipment in industrial settings more flexible, improves equipment integration, and reduces hardware procurement and maintenance costs.

[0047] Example 2: Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment adds a port protection module, providing a communication system compatible with APL and PA, and realizing security protection for APL and PA devices.

[0048] Specifically, this embodiment provides a communication system compatible with both APL and PA, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a switch module 1, a processor module 4, a PA modulation / demodulation module 6, multiple APL_PHY modules 3, multiple switching modules 5, multiple ports 8, and multiple port protection modules 2. The number of APL_PHY modules, switching modules, ports, and port protection modules are in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0049] All APL_PHY modules are connected to the switch module via an RMII interface. The switch module is connected to the processor via an RMII interface. Each APL_PHY module is connected to a corresponding port protection module, which in turn is connected to a corresponding port. Each APL_PHY module is also connected to a corresponding switch. All switches are connected to the PA modulation / demodulation module, which is connected to the processor module via an SPI interface.

[0050] By adding a port protection module, it is possible to ensure the safe use of APL and PA devices in explosive environments. Based on the communication characteristics of APL and PA communication, the APL and PA communication systems are integrated, the port protection circuits are merged, and a switching switch combined with an automatic identification mechanism is used to achieve compatibility between APL and PA communication.

[0051] The specific circuit structure of the port protection module is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the circuit includes current-limiting resistors R1 and R2, ordinary diodes D1 and D2, Zener diode D5, decoupling inductor L1, and decoupling inductor L2. The first terminal of current-limiting resistor R1 is connected to the positive terminal of the input port. The second terminal of current-limiting resistor R1 is connected to the subsequent circuit, the first terminal of decoupling inductor L1, and the positive terminal of ordinary diode D1. The second terminal of decoupling inductor L1 and the negative terminal of ordinary diode D1 are both connected to the power supply VCC terminal. The first terminal of current-limiting resistor R2 is connected to the negative terminal of the input port. The second terminal of current-limiting resistor R2 is connected to the subsequent circuit, the first terminal of decoupling inductor L2, and the negative terminal of ordinary diode D2. The second terminal of decoupling inductor L2 and the positive terminal of ordinary diode D1 are both connected to the power supply ground terminal. The negative terminal of Zener diode D5 is connected to the power supply VCC terminal, the negative terminal of ordinary diode D1, and the second terminal of decoupling inductor L1. The positive terminal of Zener diode D5 is connected to the power supply ground terminal, the positive terminal of ordinary diode D1, and the second terminal of decoupling inductor L2. The intrinsic safety parameter specified in the IEC 60079-11 standard is 17.5V / 380mA.

[0052] When the port protection module is working, current-limiting resistors R1 and R2 are connected to the port to limit the port current; the circuit formed by ordinary diode D1, Zener diode D5, and ordinary diode D2 is used to limit the port voltage.

[0053] Since the maximum peak-to-peak value of the APL and PA signals is 2V, meaning that when a 1V signal is applied to ordinary diodes D1 and D2, neither diodes D1 nor D2 will conduct. Therefore, the forward voltage drop Vf of ordinary diodes D1 and D2 is greater than 0.5V, ensuring that the signal is unaffected. Ordinary diodes D1, D5, and D2 form a voltage-limiting circuit, avoiding the influence of junction capacitance on the signal when D5 is directly applied to the port.

[0054] Decoupling inductors L1 and L2 are used to block AC signals and must have a large impedance to both APL and PA signals. In this embodiment, the inductance values ​​of both decoupling inductors L1 and L2 need to be greater than 4mH.

[0055] The communication system compatible with APL and PA provided in this embodiment, on the basis of achieving compatibility between APL communication and PA communication, adds a port protection module between the port and its corresponding APL_PHY module to realize intrinsic safety protection, EMC protection and power decoupling functions.

[0056] Intrinsic safety protection involves limiting the voltage, current, capacitance, and inductance parameters of a communication system to control the energy of electrical sparks and thermal effects below the minimum ignition threshold of hazardous gases, thereby achieving intrinsic safety and explosion protection, and enabling the communication system to meet the application requirements of explosion-proof areas.

[0057] Power supply decoupling involves using decoupling inductors L1 and L2 to isolate AC signal interference through energy storage and impedance transformation, thereby maintaining the stability of the communication system and the integrity of port signals.

[0058] The port protection module is connected to the port, the APL_PHY module, and the PA modulation / demodulation module respectively. So whether it is connected to the APL device for APL communication or connected to the PA device for PA communication, the port signal will pass through the port protection module, thus achieving intrinsic safety protection, EMC protection, and power decoupling in both APL and PA communication.

[0059] Example 3: Based on Embodiment 2, this embodiment adds a DC blocking capacitor, providing a communication system compatible with both APL and PA. This blocks the DC signal in APL communication from entering the APL_PHY module, allowing free switching between APL and PA communication. The port is fully compatible with both APL and PA communication devices and meets the usage conditions in explosion-proof scenarios.

[0060] Specifically, this embodiment provides a communication system compatible with both APL and PA, such as... Figure 1As shown, it includes: a switch module 1, a processor module 4, a PA modulation / demodulation module 6, multiple APL_PHY modules 3, multiple switching modules 5, multiple ports 8, multiple port protection modules 2, and multiple DC blocking capacitors 7. The number of APL_PHY modules, switching modules, ports, port protection modules, and DC blocking capacitors are in a one-to-one correspondence, that is, each port has a corresponding port protection module, each port protection module is connected to a corresponding DC blocking capacitor, and each DC blocking capacitor is connected to a corresponding APL_PHY module.

[0061] Specifically, the switch module is connected to the APL_PHY module via an RMII interface, the switch module is connected to the processor via an RMII interface, the APL_PHY module is connected to the first end of the DC blocking capacitor, the second end of the DC blocking capacitor is connected to a switching switch and a port protection module, the port protection module is connected to a corresponding port, all switching switches are connected to the PA modulation / demodulation module, and the PA modulation / demodulation module is connected to the processor module via an SPI interface.

[0062] When the above communication system communicates, it includes: (1) APL communication.

[0063] For APL devices, the port signal is connected to a DC blocking capacitor (0.1uF in this embodiment) after passing through the port protection module. At this time, the switch is open to avoid the PA modulation / demodulation module affecting the APL signal. The port signal is connected to the APL_PHY module through the DC blocking capacitor. The APL_PHY module is responsible for converting the APL physical layer signal into an RMII interface, which is then connected to the switch's MAC address to enable APL communication.

[0064] (2) PA communication.

[0065] For PA devices, the port signal passes through the port protection module and is then connected to a switch. At this time, the switch is on, and the APL_PHY module is disabled to prevent it from affecting the PA signal. After passing through the switch, the port signal connects to the PA modulation / demodulation module. This module converts the PA physical layer signal into a digital signal, which is then connected to the processor via the SPI interface, thus enabling PA communication.

[0066] When the PA modulation / demodulation module converts the PA physical layer signal into a digital signal, its demodulation module works to convert the analog signal into a digital signal: first, the PA physical layer signal is sampled at a fixed time interval, and the sampling frequency is at least twice that of the PA physical layer signal; otherwise, high-frequency signals will be lost, resulting in the loss of the PA physical layer signal.

[0067] Secondly, the sampled signal is a discrete-time signal with continuous amplitude. The continuous amplitude range is divided into a finite number of discrete levels, and each sampled value is mapped to the nearest level.

[0068] Finally, the quantized discrete levels are converted into binary codes to obtain digital signals. The encoded digital signals are transmitted in the form of bit streams and can be efficiently transmitted through digital communication networks (such as the Internet).

[0069] Example 4: Based on Embodiment 3, this embodiment adds an amplifier module, providing a communication system compatible with APL and PA, which can amplify the port signals of PA devices.

[0070] This embodiment provides a communication system compatible with APL and PA, including: a switch module, a processor module, a PA modulation / demodulation module, an amplifier, multiple APL_PHY modules, multiple switching modules, multiple ports, multiple port protection modules, and multiple DC blocking capacitors. The number of APL_PHY modules, switching modules, ports, port protection modules, and DC blocking capacitors are in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0071] Specifically, the switch module is connected to the APL_PHY module via an RMII interface, the switch module is connected to the processor via an RMII interface, the APL_PHY module is connected to the first end of the DC blocking capacitor, the second end of the DC blocking capacitor is connected to a switching switch and a port protection module, the port protection module is connected to a corresponding port, all switching switches are connected to an amplifier, the amplifier is connected to the PA modulation / demodulation module, and the PA modulation / demodulation module is connected to the processor module via an SPI interface.

[0072] The amplifier gain can be adjusted according to the voltage at the output of the switch to amplify the port signal of the PA device, thereby ensuring normal PA communication.

[0073] By expanding the number of network ports, switch modules enable centralized access to a large number of field devices (such as sensors and solenoid valves) in industrial Ethernet environments using APL or PA communication. For example, in industrial process automation scenarios, a switch module can connect dozens of field industrial devices. Switch modules significantly improve data forwarding efficiency through gigabit-level backplane bandwidth and high-speed internal processing capabilities. By directly connecting field devices and the control system, redundant configurations of traditional gateways or proxy devices are eliminated, resulting in a simpler network architecture, enabling direct communication from the field layer to the control layer, reducing inter-device conversion steps, and lowering maintenance complexity.

[0074] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Other variations and modifications are possible without departing from the technical solutions described in the claims.

Claims

1. A communication system compatible with APL and PA, characterized in that, include: The switch is connected to several APL_PHY modules. Each APL_PHY module is connected to a switch and a port. The port is connected to an APL device or a PA device. The switch is connected to a PA modem / demodulation module. The PA modem / demodulation module is connected to a processor. The processor is connected to the switch. The APL device port signal is connected to the APL_PHY module, and the switch is off. The PA device port signal is connected to the switch, and the switch is on and disables the APL_PHY module.

2. The communication system compatible with APL and PA according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a port protection module, which is set between the APL_PHY module and the port.

3. A communication system compatible with APL and PA according to claim 2, characterized in that, The port protection module includes decoupling inductor L1 and decoupling inductor L2. The first end of decoupling inductor L1 is connected to the downstream circuit and the positive terminal of the port input. The second end of decoupling inductor L1 is connected to the power supply VCC terminal. The first end of decoupling inductor L2 is connected to the downstream circuit and the negative terminal of the port input. The second end of decoupling inductor L2 is connected to the power supply ground. A diode is connected between the power supply VCC terminal and the power supply ground. A diode is connected in parallel on both decoupling inductor L1 and decoupling inductor L2.

4. A communication system compatible with APL and PA according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The port is connected to a DC blocking capacitor after passing through a port protection module, and the DC blocking capacitor is connected to the APL_PHY module.

5. A communication system compatible with APL and PA according to claim 3, characterized in that, A current-limiting resistor R1 is provided between the first end of the decoupling inductor L1 and the positive terminal of the port input, and a current-limiting resistor R2 is provided between the first end of the decoupling inductor L2 and the negative terminal of the port input.

6. A communication system compatible with APL and PA according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that, The inductance values ​​of both the decoupling inductor L1 and the decoupling inductor L2 are greater than 4mH.

7. A communication method compatible with APL and PA, applied to a communication system compatible with APL and PA as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: S1: Enable the APL_PHY module, turn off the switch, and determine whether the APL device is connected; S2: If the APL device is connected, APL communication is performed; if the APL device is not connected, the APL_PHY module is disabled, the toggle switch is turned on, and PA polling packets are sent. S3: If the PA device sends a response, then PA communication will proceed.

8. A communication method compatible with APL and PA according to claim 7, characterized in that, If APL communication is interrupted, return to step S1; if PA device replies, return to step S1 after PA communication is interrupted; if PA device does not reply, return directly to step S1.

9. A communication method compatible with APL and PA according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The APL communication is as follows: the APL device port signal is connected to the DC blocking capacitor, the switch is turned off, the port signal is connected to the APL_PHY module through the DC blocking capacitor, and the APL_PHY module converts the signal into an RMII interface and then connects it to the switch.

10. A communication method compatible with APL and PA according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The PA communication is as follows: the port signal of the PA device is connected to a switch, the switch is turned on and the APL_PHY module is disabled, the port signal is connected to the PA modulation / demodulation module after passing through the switch, the PA modulation / demodulation module converts the signal into a digital signal and then connects it to the processor.

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