Electronic device

Abstract

There is provided an electronic device including: a pixel defining film defining a plurality of emission regions and non-emission regions; a plurality of light emitting elements disposed in the plurality of emission regions, respectively, and emitting source light; and an optical layer disposed on the plurality of light emitting elements. Each of the plurality of light emitting elements includes: a first electrode; a first emission layer that generates blue first light; a second emission layer generating green second light; a third emission layer that generates blue third light; a fourth emission layer that generates blue fourth light; a charge generation layer; and a second electrode. The pixel defining film includes a pigment having black, and a distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is less than a resonance distance of green light.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0125066, filed on September 12, 2024, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to an electronic device capable of compensating for image persistence. Background Technology

[0003] In display devices, emission display devices use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that generate light through the recombination of electrons and holes to display images. These emission display devices have the advantages of fast response time and low power consumption.

[0004] An emissive display device includes a display panel on which pixels are coupled to data lines and scan lines. Typically, a pixel includes a light-emitting diode (LED) and a pixel circuit section for controlling the amount of current flowing through the LED. The pixel circuit section controls the amount of current flowing through the LED in response to a data signal. This produces light with a brightness corresponding to the amount of current flowing through the LED. Summary of the Invention

[0005] An electronic device is disclosed that can effectively compensate for image retention by making the emission layers emitting blue light and emitting layers emitting green light have a similar range of occurrences for a period of time in which the relative value of the output brightness value to the initial brightness value is greater than about 1.

[0006] According to disclosed embodiments, an electronic device may include: a pixel defining film defining a plurality of emitting regions and non-emitting regions adjacent to the plurality of emitting regions; a plurality of light-emitting elements respectively disposed in the plurality of emitting regions, and each of the plurality of light-emitting elements emitting light; and an optical layer disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements. Each of the plurality of light-emitting elements may include: a first electrode disposed in the plurality of emitting regions; a first emitting layer disposed on the first electrode and generating a first blue light; a second emitting layer disposed on the first emitting layer and generating a second green light; a third emitting layer disposed between the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer and generating a third blue light; a fourth emitting layer disposed between the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer and generating a fourth blue light; a charge generating layer disposed between the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer; and a second electrode disposed on the second emitting layer. The pixel defining film may include a black pigment, and the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode may be less than the resonant distance of the green light.

[0007] In an embodiment, the maximum difference between the maximum overshoot value of the second light and the maximum overshoot value of each of the first, third, and fourth lights can be approximately 0.01.

[0008] In this embodiment, the maximum overshoot value can be measured at 64 gray levels or 128 gray levels.

[0009] In an embodiment, at least two of the first, third, and fourth lights may have different wavelengths.

[0010] In this embodiment, the wavelength can be in the range of about 420 nm to about 480 nm.

[0011] In an embodiment, the optical layer may include a color filter layer, which includes a color filter.

[0012] In an embodiment, the optical layer may further include a light control layer, which includes quantum dots.

[0013] In an embodiment, each of the first, third, and fourth emission layers may include multiple stacked layers.

[0014] In the disclosed embodiments, the electronic device may include: a display module configured to display an image; and a processor configured to provide image data to the display module. The display module includes: a pixel-defining film defining a plurality of emitting regions and a non-emitting region adjacent to the plurality of emitting regions; a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed in the plurality of emitting regions, each of the plurality of light-emitting elements emitting light; and an optical layer disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements. Each of the plurality of light-emitting elements may include: a first electrode disposed in the plurality of emitting regions; a second electrode disposed on the first electrode; a first emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and generating first light; a second emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and generating second light, the first light and the second light having different colors; and a charge-generating layer disposed between the first emitting layer and the second emitting layer. Each of the first light and the second light may have an overshoot value with a brightness higher than an initial brightness for a period of time, and the difference between the maximum overshoot value of the first light and the maximum overshoot value of the second light may be approximately 0.01.

[0015] In an embodiment, the wavelength of the first light may be shorter than the wavelength of the second light.

[0016] In an embodiment, each of the plurality of light-emitting elements may further include a third emitting layer and a fourth emitting layer, and the third emitting layer and the fourth emitting layer may produce light of the same color as the first light.

[0017] In an embodiment, the second emission layer may be disposed on the first emission layer, and the third and fourth emission layers may be disposed between the first emission layer and the second emission layer.

[0018] In an embodiment, each of the first, third, and fourth emission layers may include multiple stacked layers.

[0019] In an embodiment, at least two types of light from the first, third, and fourth emission layers may have different wavelengths.

[0020] In this embodiment, the wavelength can be in the range of about 420 nm to about 480 nm.

[0021] In an embodiment, the pixel-defining film may include at least one of black pigment and black dye.

[0022] In an embodiment, the optical layer may include a color filter layer, which includes a color filter.

[0023] In an embodiment, the optical layer may further include a light control layer, which includes quantum dots.

[0024] In an embodiment, the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode may be less than the resonant distance of the second light.

[0025] In this embodiment, the maximum overshoot value can be measured at 64 gray levels or 128 gray levels. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and form a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a display device according to a disclosed embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to a disclosed embodiment; Figure 3 This is a plan view of a portion of a display device according to a disclosed embodiment; Figure 4A This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to a disclosed embodiment; Figure 4B This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to a disclosed embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to a disclosed embodiment; Figure 6 It is a graph showing the time-relative output brightness curve for a display panel according to the disclosed embodiment; Figure 7A It is a graph showing the time-relative output brightness curve for the display panel based on a comparative example; Figure 7BIt is a graph showing the time-relative output brightness curve for the display panel based on a comparative example; Figure 8A It is a graph showing the time-relative output brightness curve for a display panel according to the disclosed embodiment; Figure 8B It is a graph showing the time-relative output brightness curve for a display panel according to the disclosed embodiment; Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an embodiment; and Figure 10 This is a schematic view of an electronic device according to an embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0027] When a component or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," or "bonded to" another component or layer, the component or layer may be directly on, directly connected to, or directly bonded to the other component or layer, or an intermediary component or layer may be present. However, when a component or layer is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly bonded to" another component or layer, an intermediary component or layer is not present. Therefore, the term "connection" can refer to a physical connection, an electrical connection, and / or a fluid connection, with or without an intermediary component. Additionally, when a component is referred to as being "in contact" with another component or a variation thereof, the component may be in "electrical contact" or "physical contact" with the other component; or in "indirect contact" or "direct contact" with the other component.

[0028] The same reference numerals or symbols always refer to the same elements. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings, the thickness, proportions, and dimensions of elements are exaggerated in order to effectively depict the technical content.

[0029] In the specification and claims, for the purposes of their meaning and interpretation, the phrase "at least one of..." is intended to include the meaning of "at least one of the group consisting of...". For example, "at least one of A and B" can be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". In the specification and claims, for the purposes of their meaning and interpretation, the term "and / or" is intended to include any combination of the terms "and" and "or". For example, "A and / or B" can be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". The terms "and" and "or" can be used in a conjunctional or disjunctive sense and can be understood as equivalent to "and / or".

[0030] It will be understood that although the terms first, second, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the publicly stated teachings, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0031] Spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “below,” “down,” “above,” “above,” “above (overall),” “higher,” and “side” (e.g., as in “sidewall”) may be used herein for descriptive purposes and thereby to describe the relationship of one element to another (or other elements) as shown in the accompanying drawings. In addition to the orientations depicted in the drawings, spatial relative terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device during use, operation, and / or manufacture. For example, if the device in the drawings is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” other elements or features will subsequently be oriented “above” said other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can cover both above and below orientations. Furthermore, the device may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and thus, the spatial relative descriptive terms used herein shall be interpreted accordingly.

[0032] Unless otherwise expressly stated, the term "about" can include variations from a specified value, such as ±20%, ±10%, or ±5%. In some contexts, the term may take into account rounding, inherent measurement limitations, or standard tolerances recognized in the relevant art. When applied to dimensions, concentrations, or other quantifiable parameters, "about" can include minor deviations that would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art as non-material in a given context. The scope of "about" should be interpreted in light of standard laboratory or clinical tolerances applicable to the field of use. Those skilled in the art will recognize that "about" allows for actual deviations that do not materially alter the intended nature of the invention. Similarly, for mechanical dimensions, "about" can include deviations within industry-accepted tolerances that do not materially affect the performance of the invention.

[0033] It will also be understood that when terms such as “comprising” or “having” are used herein, it indicates the presence of the stated features, figures, steps, operations, elements, parts or combinations thereof, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, figures, steps, operations, elements, parts or combinations thereof.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will also be understood that terms (such as those defined in common dictionaries) shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formalized sense, unless expressly defined herein.

[0035] In the following description, the disclosed embodiments will be illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a display device according to a disclosed embodiment.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 According to the embodiments, the display device DD can be a device activated in response to an electrical signal. For example, the display device DD can be a large device such as a television, monitor, or outdoor billboard. For example, the display device DD can be a small to medium-sized device such as a personal computer, laptop computer, personal digital assistant, vehicle navigation unit, game console, smartphone, tablet computer, and camera. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the display device DD can be used as another electronic device unless it departs from the disclosure.

[0038] The display device DD can display an image through the display surface DD-IS. The display surface DD-IS can be parallel to the plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. The display surface DD-IS can include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA.

[0039] Pixel PX can be set in the display area DA, but may not be set in the non-display area NDA. The non-display area NDA may be defined along the edge of the display surface DD-IS. The non-display area NDA may surround the display area DA. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The non-display area NDA may be omitted, or the non-display area NDA may be set only on one side of the display area DA.

[0040] Figure 1 A display device DD with a flat display surface DD-IS is schematically shown, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the display device DD may include a curved display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. The three-dimensional display surface may include multiple display areas facing different directions.

[0041] The thickness direction of the display device DD can be parallel to a third direction DR3, which is the normal direction of the plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. The directions indicated by the first direction DR1, the second direction DR2, and the third direction DR3 used herein are relative concepts and can be changed to other directions.

[0042] In the disclosure, the top (or front) surface and bottom (or rear) surface of each of the components constituting the display device DD can be defined based on a third-party direction DR3. For example, among two surfaces of a component facing each other based on a third-party direction DR3, the surface adjacent to the display surface DD-IS can be defined as the front surface (or top surface), and the surface spaced apart from the display surface DD-IS can be defined as the rear surface (or bottom surface). Furthermore, the terms "upper" and "lower" as used herein can be defined based on a third-party direction DR3. The term "upper" can be defined as the direction closer to the display surface DD-IS, and the term "lower" can be defined as the direction away from the display surface DD-IS.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to a disclosed embodiment. Figure 2 Is with Figure 1 The schematic cross-sectional view of the display device DD according to the embodiment corresponds to line I-I' in the figure.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 According to an embodiment, the display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical structure layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP may include a display element layer DP-EL. The display element layer DP-EL may include a light-emitting element ED (see...). Figure 4A ).

[0045] An optical structural layer (PP) can be disposed on a display panel (DP) and controls reflected light from the display panel (DP) due to external light. The optical structural layer (PP) may include, for example, a color filter layer and may include an anti-reflective layer. The optical structural layer (PP) will be described in detail below.

[0046] In the display device DD according to the embodiment, the display panel DP can be an emitting display panel. For example, the display panel DP can be a light-emitting diode (LED) display panel, an organic electroluminescent display panel, or a quantum dot light-emitting display panel. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The display panel DP can provide first light.

[0047] A light-emitting diode (LED) display panel may include LEDs, the emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent display panel may include organic electroluminescent materials, and the emitting layer of a quantum dot light-emitting display panel may include quantum dots, quantum rods, etc. Hereinafter, the display panel DP included in the display device DD according to this embodiment is described as an organic electroluminescent display panel. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0048] The display panel DP may include a substrate BS, a circuit layer DP-CL disposed on the substrate BS, and a display element layer DP-EL disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL.

[0049] The substrate BS can be a component providing a substrate surface on which the display element layer DP-EL is disposed. The substrate BS can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, the disclosure is not limited to this, and the substrate BS can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. The substrate BS can be a flexible substrate, which can be easily bent or folded.

[0050] In an embodiment, the circuit layer DP-CL can be disposed on the substrate BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL can include multiple transistors (not shown). Each transistor (not shown) can include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL can include switching transistors and driving transistors, both used to drive the light-emitting elements ED of the display element layer DP-EL.

[0051] Figure 3 This is a plan view of a portion of a display device according to a disclosed embodiment.

[0052] Reference Figure 3 The display device DD according to an embodiment may include three emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R, and a bank well area BWA adjacent to the three emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R. In the disclosed embodiment, Figure 3 The three types of emission regions shown, PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R, can be repeatedly arranged in the display area DA (see [link]). Figure 1 ) throughout the entire region.

[0053] The peripheral region NPXA can be set around each of the first emission region (or blue emission region) PXA-B, the second emission region (or green emission region) PXA-G, and the third emission region (or red emission region) PXA-R. The peripheral region NPXA can define the boundary between the first emission region PXA-B, the second emission region PXA-G, and the third emission region PXA-R. The peripheral region NPXA can surround the first emission region PXA-B, the second emission region PXA-G, and the third emission region PXA-R. A structure to prevent color mixing between the first emission region PXA-B, the second emission region PXA-G, and the third emission region PXA-R (e.g., a pixel-defined film PDL) is used. Figure 4A It can be set in the outer area NPXA.

[0054] Figure 3 The diagram shows a first emitting region PXA-B, a second emitting region PXA-G, and a third emitting region PXA-R having the same planar shape and different surface areas, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, at least two of the first emitting regions PXA-B, the second emitting region PXA-G, and the third emitting region PXA-R may have the same surface area. The respective surface areas of the first emitting regions PXA-B, the second emitting regions PXA-G, and the third emitting region PXA-R can be set according to the emitted color. The surface area of ​​the emitting region emitting green light, one of the primary colors, may be the largest, and the surface area of ​​the emitting region emitting blue light, one of the primary colors, may be the smallest. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. Figure 3 The embodiments shown can have different surface areas for the first emission region PXA-B, the second emission region PXA-G, and the third emission region PXA-R.

[0055] Figure 3 The diagram shows that the first transmission region PXA-B, the second transmission region PXA-G, and the third transmission region PXA-R all have rectangular shapes in a plan view, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. In the plan view, the first transmission region PXA-B, the second transmission region PXA-G, and the third transmission region PXA-R may have another polygonal shape (including a generally polygonal shape), such as a rhombus or a pentagon. In an embodiment, the first transmission region PXA-B, the second transmission region PXA-G, and the third transmission region PXA-R may have a rectangular shape (generally rectangular shape) with rounded corner areas in the plan view.

[0056] Figure 3An embodiment is shown in which the second transmission region PXA-G is arranged in the first row, and the first transmission region PXA-B and the third transmission region PXA-R are arranged in the second row. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the arrangement of the first transmission region PXA-B, the second transmission region PXA-G, and the third transmission region PXA-R can be varied. For example, the first transmission region PXA-B, the second transmission region PXA-G, and the third transmission region PXA-R can be arranged in the same row.

[0057] The embankment area BWA can be limited to the display area DA (see...). Figure 1 In ), the dam region BWA can be where the dam is defined to prevent interference with the optical control layer CCL (see Figure 4A The multiple optical control components CCP-B, CCP-G, and CCP-R (see) Figure 4A In the patterning process, this refers to areas of defects caused by incorrect ink application. For example, the dam area BWA could be defined by removing the partition wall portion BK (see...). Figure 4A The area formed by the dike is part of the dike.

[0058] Figure 3 An embodiment is shown in which two dam regions BWA are defined as being adjacent to the second launch region PXA-G. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the shape and arrangement of the dam regions BWA can be varied.

[0059] Figure 4A and Figure 4B This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to a disclosed embodiment. Figure 4A and Figure 4B Each schematically shows the same as Figure 3 The cross section corresponding to the cutting line II-II' shown in the figure.

[0060] exist Figure 3 , Figure 4A and Figure 4B In the display devices DD and DD-1 shown, according to an embodiment, three emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R are shown that emit blue light, green light, and red light, respectively. For example, the display devices DD and DD-1 according to the embodiment may each include a blue emission region PXA-B, a green emission region PXA-G, and a red emission region PXA-R that are distinct from each other.

[0061] Reference Figure 4A and Figure 4BAccording to an embodiment, the display device DD may include a display panel DP containing a light-emitting element ED and an optical structure layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. According to an embodiment, the display device DD-1 may include a display panel DP containing a light-emitting element ED and an optical structure layer PP-1 disposed on the display panel DP.

[0062] The display panel DP may include a substrate BS and a circuit layer DP-CL and a display element layer DP-EL disposed on the substrate BS.

[0063] The display element layer DP-EL may include a pixel defining film (PDL), light-emitting elements (EDs) disposed between or on the pixel defining films (PDL), and an encapsulation layer (TFE) disposed on the light-emitting elements (EDs).

[0064] The emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R can be regions defined by a pixel-defining film (PDL). The peripheral region NPXA can be the region between adjacent emission regions among the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R, and can be a region corresponding to the pixel-defining film (PDL). In the disclosure, each of the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R can correspond to a pixel PX. Figure 4A As shown, organic layers such as the emitting layer EML included in the light-emitting element ED can be configured as common layers so as to be superimposed on all emitting regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R, as well as the peripheral region NPXA, in a plan view. In another embodiment, although not shown, the emitting layer EML of the light-emitting element ED can be partitioned by being disposed within the emitting opening portion PDL-OP defined by the pixel defining film PDL.

[0065] A pixel-defining film (PDL) can be disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL. The PDL may include emission opening portions PDL-OP stacked in the planar view with emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R, respectively. The PDL may be made of a polymer resin. For example, the PDL may include polyacrylate resins or polyimide resins. In addition to polymer resins, the PDL may also include inorganic materials. The PDL may include light-absorbing materials. The PDL may include at least one of a black pigment and a black dye. A PDL including a black pigment or a black dye can be a black pixel-defining film. When forming the PDL, carbon black or the like can be used as a black pigment or a black dye, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0066] A pixel-defining film (PDL) comprising at least one of a black pigment and a black dye can prevent external light from penetrating the circuit layer DP-CL, thereby reducing degassing in the DP-CL and similar layers. Therefore, oxidation in the light-emitting element (ED) can be reduced, thus increasing the ED's lifespan.

[0067] Pixel-defined films (PDLs) can include inorganic materials. For example, pixel-defined films (PDLs) can include silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon dioxide (SiO) x ), silicon oxynitride (SiO) x N y At least one of the following: Pixel-Defining Film (PDL). The PDL can define emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R. The emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R, as well as the peripheral region NPXA, can be defined by the PDL.

[0068] The light-emitting element (ED) can be disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL. The ED can include organic light-emitting elements, inorganic light-emitting elements, organic-inorganic light-emitting elements, quantum dot light-emitting elements, micro-LED light-emitting elements, or nano-LED light-emitting elements. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the ED can include various embodiments, as long as the light generated in response to an electrical signal or the amount of light is controllable.

[0069] According to the embodiments, the light-emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 facing the first electrode EL1, an emission layer EML disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, and a plurality of functional layers.

[0070] The functional layer may include a hole transport region (HTR) disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the emitter layer (EML) and an electron transport region (ETR) disposed between the emitter layer (EML) and the second electrode EL2. Although not shown in the figures, in an embodiment, a capping layer may be further disposed on the second electrode EL2.

[0071] Each of the hole transport region (HTR) and the electron transport region (ETR) may include multiple sub-functional layers. For example, the hole transport region (HTR) may include a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer as sub-functional layers, and the electron transport region (ETR) may include an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer as sub-functional layers. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. The hole transport region (HTR) may also include an electron blocking layer or the like as sub-functional layers, and the electron transport region (ETR) may also include a hole blocking layer or the like as sub-functional layers.

[0072] The first electrode EL1 may be conductive. The first electrode EL1 may be made of a metal alloy or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode. The first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a reflective electrode. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and in another embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, etc. In embodiments where the first electrode EL1 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, their compounds, mixtures thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), and materials having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca or LiF / Al. In another embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including: a reflective film or a semi-transmissive film, each of which is made of the aforementioned materials; and a transparent conductive film made of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc. For example, the first electrode EL1 can be a metal film with a multilayer structure, such as a structure in which ITO / Ag / ITO metal films are stacked on top of each other.

[0073] The hole transport region (HTR) can be disposed on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region (HTR) may include a hole injection layer (not shown), a hole transport layer (not shown), etc. The hole transport region (HTR) may have a layer made of one material, a layer made of different materials, or a multilayer structure made of different materials.

[0074] Hole transport regions (HTRs) can be formed by methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0075] Hole transport regions (HTRs) can include, for example, carbazole derivatives (such as N-phenylcarbazole or polyvinylcarbazole), fluorene derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives (such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD) or 4,4',4''-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA)), N,N'-bis(naphthyl-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), etc.

[0076] The hole transport region (HTR) can have a thickness ranging from about 5 nm to about 1500 nm. For example, the hole transport region (HTR) can have a thickness ranging from about 10 nm to about 500 nm. When the thickness of the hole transport region (HTR) meets the aforementioned range, satisfactory hole transport properties can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0077] The emitter layer (EML) can be disposed on the hole transport region (HTR). The emitter layer (EML) may include a host material and a dopant. In one embodiment, the emitter layer (EML) may include an organic light-emitting material as the dopant material. In another embodiment, the emitter layer (EML) may include quantum dots as the dopant material. In another embodiment, in addition to the dopant material, the emitter layer (EML) may also include an organic host material.

[0078] In the light-emitting element (ED) according to the embodiment, the electron transport region (ETR) may be disposed on the emitter layer (EML). The electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one of the electron transport layer (not shown) and the electron injection layer (not shown), but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0079] The electron transport region (ETR) can have a layer made of one material, a layer made of different materials, or a multilayer structure made of different materials. For example, the ETR can have a single-layer structure of an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer, or a single-layer structure made of an electron injection material and an electron transport material. The ETR can have a thickness in the range of, for example, from about 20 nm to about 150 nm.

[0080] Electron transport regions (ETRs) can be formed by methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0081] Electron transport region (ETR) compounds may include, for example, anthracene compounds, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-benzene-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), or mixtures thereof. Electron transport region (ETR) compounds may also include metal halide compounds such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, or RbI, lanthanides such as Yb, metal oxides such as Li2O or BaO, lithium quinoline (Liq), etc.

[0082] The second electrode EL2 can be disposed on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 can be a common electrode or a negative electrode. The second electrode EL2 can be a transmission electrode, a semi-transmission electrode, or a reflection electrode. In embodiments where the second electrode EL2 is a transmission electrode, the second electrode EL2 can include a transparent metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc. In embodiments where the second electrode EL2 is a semi-transmission electrode or a reflection electrode, the second electrode EL2 can include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, their compounds, mixtures thereof, and materials having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca or LiF / Al. In another embodiment, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including: a reflective film or a semi-transparent film, each of which is made of the aforementioned materials; and a transparent conductive film made of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.

[0083] Although not shown, the second electrode EL2 can be connected to the auxiliary electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 can be reduced.

[0084] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4A In the display device DD according to an embodiment, the surface areas of the emitting regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may be different from each other. The term "surface area" as used herein can refer to the surface area in a planar view. For example, the emitting regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may have different surface areas depending on the emitted color. For example, in the display device DD according to an embodiment, the blue emitting region PXA-B, which emits blue light, may have the smallest surface area, and the green emitting region PXA-G, which produces green light, may have the largest surface area. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the emitting regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may emit light of colors other than blue, green, and red light, and the emitting regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may have the same surface area, or the emitting regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may have different surface areas. Figure 3 The surface area ratios shown are different from the surface area ratio settings. The emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R can have the same surface area ratio as... Figure 3 The various polygonal or circular shapes shown are not limited in shape, and the arrangement of the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R is unrestricted. For example, in another embodiment, the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may have a pentiline shape.® Arrangement or with diamond (Diamond Pixel) ® Arrangement.

[0085] The encapsulation layer TFE can be disposed on the light-emitting element ED. The encapsulation layer TFE can cover the light-emitting element ED. The encapsulation layer TFE can have a single-layer structure or a structure in which multiple layers are stacked on top of each other. The encapsulation layer TFE can be a thin-film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE can protect the light-emitting element ED. The encapsulation layer TFE can cover the top surface of the second electrode EL2 disposed in the emission opening portion PDL-OP and fill the emission opening portion PDL-OP.

[0086] Optical structural layers PP and PP-1 can both be disposed on the display element layer DP-EL. Optical structural layers PP and PP-1 can both have the function of converting at least a portion of the wavelength of light supplied from the display panel DP or preventing color mixing between adjacent emitting areas. Optical structural layers PP and PP-1 can block external light supplied to the display panel DP from outside the display devices DD and DD-1. Optical structural layers PP and PP-1 can perform anti-reflection functions to minimize reflections caused by external light.

[0087] The optical structure layers PP and PP-1 may include a light control layer CCL, a color filter layer CFL, an outer coating OC, and an anti-reflection layer ARL.

[0088] The light control layer (CCL) may include a light conversion material. The light conversion material may be quantum dots, phosphors, etc. The light conversion material can convert the wavelength of the received light and emit light. For example, the light control layer (CCL) may be a layer in which at least a portion comprises quantum dots or phosphors.

[0089] A light control layer (CCL) can be disposed on a display panel (DP), with a cover layer (CPL) located between the portion of the light control layer (CCL) excluding the cover layer (CPL) and the display panel (DP). The light control layer (CCL) may include multiple spacer portions (BK) spaced apart from each other, and light control portions (CCP-B, CCP-G, and CCP-R), each of which is disposed between the spacer portions (BK). The spacer portions (BK) may include a polymer resin and a liquid-repellent additive. The spacer portions (BK) may all include a light-absorbing material or include pigments or dyes. For example, the spacer portions (BK) may include a black pigment or a black dye to become a black spacer portion. When forming a black spacer portion, carbon black or the like can be used as a black pigment or dye, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0090] The light control layer (CCL) may include a first light control portion (CCP-B) for converting source light from the light-emitting element (ED) into a first light, a second light control portion (CCP-G) for converting the source light into a second light, and a third light control portion (CCP-R) for converting the source light into a third light. The second light may be light in a longer wavelength region relative to the first light, and the third light may be light in a longer wavelength region relative to each of the first and second lights. For example, the first light may be light having an emission wavelength in the range of about 410 nm to about 480 nm, the second light may be light having an emission wavelength in the range of about 500 nm to about 600 nm, and the third light may be light having an emission wavelength in the range of about 620 nm to about 700 nm. The first light may be blue light, the second light may be green light, and the third light may be red light.

[0091] The first light control section CCP-B, the second light control section CCP-G, and the third light control section CCP-R may all include a light emitter. The light emitter may be a particle that converts the wavelength of incident light and emits light with different wavelengths. In an embodiment, the light emitter included in each of the first light control section CCP-B, the second light control section CCP-G, and the third light control section CCP-R may be a quantum dot or a phosphor. The first light control section CCP-B may include a first quantum dot QD1 that converts source light into a first light, the second light control section CCP-G may include a second quantum dot QD2 that converts source light into a second light, and the third light control section CCP-R may include a third quantum dot QD3 that converts source light into a third light.

[0092] Quantum dots may include at least one of group II-VI compounds, group I-II-VI compounds, group II-IV-VI compounds, group I-II-IV-VI compounds, group III-VI compounds, group I-III-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, group III-II-V compounds, group II-IV-V compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group IV elements, group IV compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0093] Group II-VI compounds may include: binary compounds, such as CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds, such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZn Se, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds such as HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and mixtures thereof. Group II-VI compounds may also include Group I metals and / or Group IV elements. Group I-II-VI compounds may include CuZnS, and Group II-IV-VI compounds may include ZnSnS, etc. Group I-II-IV-VI compounds may include quaternary compounds such as Cu₂ZnSnS₂, Cu₂ZnSnS₄, Cu₂ZnSnSe₄, Ag₂ZnSnS₂ and mixtures thereof.

[0094] III-VI compounds may include: binary compounds, such as In2S3 or In2Se3; ternary compounds, such as InGaS3 or InGaSe3; or combinations thereof.

[0095] Group I-III-VI compounds may include: ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2 and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS2 or CuInGaS2.

[0096] Group III-V compounds may include: binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. Group III-V compounds may also include Group II metals. For example, InZnP may be selected as a Group III-II-V compound.

[0097] Group II-IV-V compounds may include ternary compounds such as ZnSnP, ZnSnP2, ZnSnAs2, ZnGeP2, ZnGeAs2, CdSnP2 and CdGeP2 and mixtures thereof.

[0098] Group IV-VI compounds may include: binary compounds, such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds, such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds, such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and mixtures thereof. Group IV elements may include Si, Ge, and mixtures thereof. Group IV compounds may include SiC, SiGe, and mixtures thereof.

[0099] In the specification, binary, ternary, or quaternary compounds may exist in the particles at a uniform concentration, or may have partially different concentration distributions within the same particle. The compounds may have a core / shell structure in which quantum dots surround another quantum dot. Core / shell structured compounds may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of elements present in the shell gradually decreases towards the core.

[0100] In some embodiments, the quantum dot may have the aforementioned core / shell structure, comprising a core containing nanocrystals and a shell surrounding the core. The shell of the quantum dot can serve as a protective layer to prevent chemical changes in the core to maintain semiconductor properties and / or as a charged layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can be a single-layer shell or a multi-layer shell. Examples of shells may include metal oxides, non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0101] The shell and core can comprise different materials. For example, the core can comprise a first semiconductor nanocrystal, and the shell can comprise a second semiconductor nanocrystal different from the first semiconductor nanocrystal. In another embodiment, the shell can comprise a metal oxide or a non-metal oxide. The shell can comprise a metal oxide or non-metal oxide, a semiconductor nanocrystal, or a combination thereof.

[0102] The shell can be made of a single material but has a concentration gradient. For example, the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of a second semiconductor nanocrystal present in the shell gradually decreases in the direction closer to the core, and the concentration of a first semiconductor nanocrystal included in the core gradually increases. The shell can have a multilayer structure comprising different materials.

[0103] For example, metal oxides or non-metal oxides may include: binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, or NiO; and ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0104] Examples of semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, and AlSb, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0105] Quantum dots can have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrum less than or equal to about 45 nm. For example, quantum dots can have a FWHM of an emission wavelength spectrum less than or equal to about 40 nm. For example, quantum dots can have a FWHM of an emission wavelength spectrum less than or equal to about 30 nm. Within this range, color purity or color reproducibility can be improved. Furthermore, light emitted through such quantum dots can be emitted in all directions, thereby improving wide viewing angles.

[0106] Quantum dots can take any form commonly used in the relevant field and are not particularly limited. For example, they can be spherical, pyramidal, multi-armed, or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, or nanoplates.

[0107] Quantum dots can emit light in colors that can be tuned by their particle size; therefore, quantum dots can have various emission colors, such as blue, red, and green. As the particle size of quantum dots decreases, they can emit light within a shorter wavelength range. For example, among quantum dots with the same nucleus, the particle size of a quantum dot emitting green light can be smaller than that of a quantum dot emitting red light. Similarly, among quantum dots with the same nucleus, the particle size of a quantum dot emitting blue light can be smaller than that emitting green light. However, the disclosure is not limited to this, and even among quantum dots with the same nucleus, the particle size can be tuned according to the material constituting the shell, the shell thickness, and other factors.

[0108] Quantum dots can include different nuclear materials, given that they emit various colors such as blue, red, and green.

[0109] Quantum dots can adjust the color of emitted light based on the material or nucleus.

[0110] Each of the optical control portions CCP-B, CCP-G, and CCP-R included in the optical control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first optical control portion CCP-B may include a first quantum dot QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second optical control portion CCP-G may include a second quantum dot QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third optical control portion CCP-R may include a third quantum dot QD3 and a scatterer SP.

[0111] The scatterer SP can be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP can include at least one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica. The scatterer SP can include at least one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica, or it can be a mixture of two or more materials selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica.

[0112] The first light control component CCP-B, the second light control component CCP-G, and the third light control component CCP-R may include matrix resins BR1, BR2, and BR3, respectively, in which quantum dots QD1, QD2, and QD3 and scatterer SP are dispersed. In an embodiment, the first light control component CCP-B may include the first quantum dot QD1 and scatterer SP dispersed in the first matrix resin BR1, the second light control component CCP-G may include the second quantum dot QD2 and scatterer SP dispersed in the second matrix resin BR2, and the third light control component CCP-R may include the third quantum dot QD3 and scatterer SP dispersed in the third matrix resin BR3. The matrix resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be the medium in which the quantum dots QD1, QD2, and QD3 and scatterer SP are dispersed, and may include various resin compositions commonly referred to as binders. For example, the matrix resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may all be acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, epoxy resins, etc. The matrix resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may all be transparent resins. In the embodiments, the first matrix resin BR1, the second matrix resin BR2, and the third matrix resin BR3 may be the same as or different from each other.

[0113] The light control layer CCL may also include a capping layer CPL. The capping layer CPL may be disposed on the light control portions CCP-B, CCP-G, and CCP-R, as well as the partition wall portion BK. The capping layer CPL serves to prevent the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The capping layer CPL may be disposed on the light control portions CCP-B, CCP-G, and CCP-R, and prevents the light control portions CCP-B, CCP-G, and CCP-R from being exposed to moisture / oxygen. The capping layer CPL may include at least one inorganic layer.

[0114] The optical layer OPL may include an outer coating OC and a color filter layer CFL.

[0115] The color filter layer CFL may include a color filter CF. The color filter layer CFL may include a first color filter CF-B that transmits a first light, a second color filter CF-G that transmits a second light, and a third color filter CF-R that transmits a third light. The color filter layer CFL may include a first color filter CF-B that transmits blue light, a second color filter CF-G that transmits green light, and a third color filter CF-R that transmits red light. In an embodiment, the first color filter CF-B may be a blue filter, the second color filter CF-G may be a green filter, and the third color filter CF-R may be a red filter.

[0116] Each of the color filters CF may include a polymeric photosensitive resin and a colorant. The first color filter CF-B may include a blue colorant, the second color filter CF-G may include a green colorant, and the third color filter CF-R may include a red colorant. The first color filter CF-B may include a blue pigment or blue dye, the second color filter CF-G may include a green pigment or green dye, and the third color filter CF-R may include a red pigment or red dye.

[0117] The first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R can be configured to correspond to the first emission region PXA-B, the second emission region PXA-G, and the third emission region PXA-R, respectively. The first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R can also be configured to correspond to the first optical control section CCP-B, the second optical control section CCP-G, and the third optical control section CCP-R, respectively.

[0118] Color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R, which transmit different types of light, can be stacked on top of each other in a planar diagram to correspond to the peripheral region NPXA located between the emitting regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R. The color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R can be stacked on top of each other on a third direction DR3, which is the thickness direction, thereby defining the boundaries between adjacent emitting regions within the emitting regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R. Therefore, the effect of blocking external light can be increased, achieving, for example, the function of a black matrix. The stacked structure of color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R can also prevent color mixing.

[0119] Unlike the illustrated embodiment, in another embodiment, the color filter layer CFL may include light-blocking portions defining the boundaries between adjacent color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R. The light-blocking portions may be configured as blue filters or comprise organic or inorganic light-blocking materials, each containing a black pigment or dye.

[0120] The color filter layer CFL may also include a buffer layer BFL. For example, the buffer layer BFL may be a protective layer that protects color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R. The buffer layer BFL may be an inorganic layer comprising at least one inorganic material, such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or silicon oxynitride. The buffer layer BFL may comprise a single layer or multiple layers.

[0121] exist Figure 4AIn the illustrated embodiment, the first color filter CF-B of the color filter layer CFL can be superimposed on the second color filter CF-G and the third color filter CF-R in a planar view, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R can be divided by light-blocking portions and not superimposed on each other. In the embodiment, the first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R can be configured to correspond to the blue emission region PXA-B, the green emission region PXA-G, and the red emission region PXA-R, respectively.

[0122] Although not shown, in another embodiment, the optical layer OPL of the display device DD may also include a polarizing layer (not shown). The polarizing layer blocks external light supplied to the display panel DP from the outside. The polarizing layer blocks a portion of the external light. In embodiments where the display device DD includes a polarizing layer, the color filter layer CFL may be omitted.

[0123] A polarizing layer can reduce reflected light generated in a display panel (DP) due to external light. For example, a polarizing layer can block reflected light when light from outside the display panel (DP) is incident on the DP and then emitted again. The polarizing layer can be a circular polarizer with anti-reflection capabilities, or it can include a linear polarizer and a λ / 4 delay unit. The polarizing layer can be disposed on and exposed on the outer coating (OC), or it can be disposed below the outer coating (OC).

[0124] An outer coating OC can be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The outer coating OC may include an organic layer. The outer coating OC may include an organic material with high strength and high planarization properties. The outer coating OC can provide a flat top surface. The outer coating OC can function as an upper substrate layer providing a reference surface for the color filter layer CFL. The outer coating OC can be a component providing a substrate surface on which the color filter layer CFL and the light control layer CCL are disposed. The outer coating OC can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the outer coating OC can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc.

[0125] An anti-reflective layer (ARL) can be disposed on the outer coating (OC). The ARL can be disposed (e.g., directly on) the outer coating (OC). For example, the ARL can be in contact with the top surface of the outer coating (OC). The ARL can be a layer with low reflectivity, thus blocking external light. The ARL can be a multilayered layer with different refractive indices, thus effectively blocking external light through destructive interference. The reflectivity of the top surface of the ARL can be less than or equal to about 2%. In the visible light range from about 430 nm to about 780 nm, the reflectivity of the top surface of the ARL can be less than or equal to about 2%. In a wavelength of about 550 nm, the reflectivity of the top surface of the ARL can be less than or equal to about 2%.

[0126] Reference Figure 4B The display device DD-1 according to an embodiment may include a display panel DP and an optical structure layer PP-1 disposed on the display panel DP. In the display device DD-1 according to an embodiment, the optical structure layer PP-1 may include an optical layer OPL-1 disposed on the display panel DP and an anti-reflection layer ARL disposed on the optical layer OPL-1. The optical layer OPL-1 may include a light control layer CCL-1, a color filter layer CFL-1, and an outer coating OC-1 stacked in sequence.

[0127] The light control layer CCL-1 can be disposed on the display panel DP, and the cover layer CPL is placed between the portion of the light control layer CCL-1 excluding the cover layer CPL and the display panel DP. The light control layer CCL-1 may include multiple partition wall portions BK-1 and light control portions CCP-B1, CCP-G1 and CCP-R1, each of which is disposed between the partition wall portions BK-1.

[0128] The color filter layer CFL-1 may include a color filter CF-1, a light blocking portion BM, and a buffer layer BFL. The color filter CF-1 includes multiple color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R.

[0129] and Figure 4A Compared to the display device DD shown, according to Figure 4BThe display device DD-1 shown in the embodiment corresponds to an embodiment in which the light control layer CCL-1 and the color filter layer CFL-1 are disposed on the top surface of the encapsulation layer TFE, which serves as the substrate surface. For example, the light control portions CCP-B1, CCP-G1, and CCP-R1 of the light control layer CCL-1 can be formed on the display panel DP by a continuous process, and the color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R of the color filter layer CFL-1 can be sequentially formed on the light control layer CCL-1 by a continuous process. The portion of the light control layer CCL-1 other than the capping layer CPL can be disposed on the top surface of the capping layer CPL, which serves as the substrate surface, disposed on the display panel DP, and has a [missing information - likely related to a specific surface or feature]. Figure 4A The shape of the light control layer CCL shown is inverted. For example, each of the partition wall portion BK-1 and the light control portions CCP-B1, CCP-G1, and CCP-R1 can have a shape that is... Figure 4A The shape shown is an inverted shape. The color filter layer CFL-1 can be disposed on the top surface of the light control layer CCL-1, which serves as the substrate surface, and has a shape that is similar to... Figure 4A The shapes shown are different.

[0130] In the color filter layer CFL-1 according to an embodiment, the light-blocking portion BM can be a black matrix. The light-blocking portion BM can include organic or inorganic light-blocking materials, each comprising a black pigment or black dye. The light-blocking portion BM can prevent light leakage and define the boundaries between adjacent color filters among color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R.

[0131] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to a disclosed embodiment.

[0132] Reference Figure 5 According to the embodiment, the light-emitting element ED may include a first electrode AE, a second electrode CE facing the first electrode AE, and a first emission stack ST1, a second emission stack ST2, a third emission stack ST3, and a fourth emission stack ST4 disposed between the first electrode AE ​​and the second electrode CE. Figure 5 The illustration shows a light-emitting element (ED) comprising four emission stacks, but the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the number of emission stacks included in the light-emitting element (ED) may be fewer or more than four.

[0133] The light-emitting element ED may include a first charge generation layer CGL1, a second charge generation layer CGL2, and a third charge generation layer CGL3 disposed in corresponding spaces between the first emission stack ST1, the second emission stack ST2, the third emission stack ST3, and the fourth emission stack ST4.

[0134] When a voltage is applied, each of the first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 can generate charges (electrons and holes) by forming complexes via a redox reaction. Subsequently, each of the first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 can provide the generated charges to adjacent emitter stacks ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4. The first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 can increase the efficiency of the current generated from adjacent emitter stacks ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4, and can be used to regulate the charge balance among adjacent emitter stacks ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4.

[0135] Each of the first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 may include an n-type layer and a p-type layer. The first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 may have a structure in which the n-type layer and the p-type layer are bonded to each other. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and the first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 may include only one of the n-type layer and the p-type layer. The n-type layer may be a charge generation layer that provides electrons to an adjacent emitter stack. The n-type layer may be a layer in which the substrate material is doped with an n-dopane. The p-type layer may be a charge generation layer that provides holes to an adjacent emitter stack.

[0136] In an embodiment, each of the first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 may have a thickness ranging from about 1 angstrom (Å) to about 150 angstroms (Å). The n-dopant doped in the first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 may have a concentration ranging from about 0.1% to about 3%. For example, the n-dopant doped in the first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 may have a concentration less than or equal to about 1%. At concentrations less than about 0.1%, the charge balance regulating effect of the first charge generation layer CGL1, the second charge generation layer CGL2, and the third charge generation layer CGL3 is almost negligible. At concentrations greater than about 3%, the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting element (ED) may decrease.

[0137] Each of the first charge-generating layer CGL1, the second charge-generating layer CGL2, and the third charge-generating layer CGL3 may include a charge-generating compound, which may include arylamine organic compounds, metals, oxides, carbides, metal fluorides, or mixtures thereof. For example, arylamine organic compounds may include α-NPD, 2-TNATA, TDATA, MTDATA, spiro-TAD, or spiro-NPB. Metals may include cesium (Cs), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), barium (Ba), or lithium (Li). Oxides, carbides, and metal fluorides may include Re2O7, MoO3, V2O5, WO3, TiO2, Cs2CO3, BaF2, LiF, or CsF. However, the materials of the first charge-generating layer CGL1, the second charge-generating layer CGL2, and the third charge-generating layer CGL3 are not limited to the foregoing examples.

[0138] Each of the first emission stack ST1, the second emission stack ST2, the third emission stack ST3, and the fourth emission stack ST4 may include an emission layer. The first emission stack ST1 may include a first emission layer BEML1, the second emission stack ST2 may include a second emission layer BEML2, the third emission stack ST3 may include a third emission layer BEML3, and the fourth emission stack ST4 may include a fourth emission layer GEML. Some of the emission layers included in the first emission stack ST1, the second emission stack ST2, the third emission stack ST3, and the fourth emission stack ST4 may emit light of substantially the same color, while the other emission layers included in the first emission stack ST1, the second emission stack ST2, the third emission stack ST3, and the fourth emission stack ST4 may emit light of different colors.

[0139] In an embodiment, the first emission layer BEML1 of the first emission stack ST1, the second emission layer BEML2 of the second emission stack ST2, and the third emission layer BEML3 of the third emission stack ST3 can emit light of substantially the same first color. For example, the first color of light can be blue light. The light emitted by the first emission layer BEML1, the second emission layer BEML2, and the third emission layer BEML3 can have a wavelength in the range of about 420 nm to about 480 nm.

[0140] The fourth emission layer GEML of the fourth emission stack ST4 can emit light of a second color different from the first color. For example, the second color light could be green light. The light emitted by the fourth emission layer GEML can have a wavelength in the range of about 520 nm to about 600 nm.

[0141] The optical length OL can be the distance from the first electrode AE ​​to the second electrode CE. In the case where light is emitted between the first electrode AE, corresponding to a total reflection mirror, and the second electrode CE, corresponding to a partial reflection mirror, the optical length OL can be used as a resonant cavity. The resonant distance can be determined based on the optical length OL, and the light output ratio between the first color light and the second color light can be determined based on the resonant distance. For example, when the optical length OL increases, the resonant distance can increase, and therefore, the light output ratio of the longer wavelength light among the simultaneously emitted first and second color light can increase. On the other hand, when the optical length OL decreases, the resonant distance can decrease, and therefore, the light output ratio of the shorter wavelength light among the simultaneously emitted first and second color light can increase. As the optical length OL decreases, the percentage of light emitted from the first emission layer BEML1, the second emission layer BEML2, and the third emission layer BEML3 can be greater than the percentage of light emitted from the fourth emission layer GEML. In the disclosed embodiment, the first electrode EL1 (see...) Figure 4A ) and the second electrode EL2 (see Figure 4A The distance between them can be less than the resonant distance of the green light.

[0142] The light-emitting element (ED) can emit light in a direction from the first electrode AE ​​to the second electrode CE. In the ED according to an embodiment, the emitting stacks ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4 can respectively include hole transport regions HCL1, HCL2, HCL3, and HCL4 and electron transport regions ECL1, ECL2, ECL3, and ECL4. The hole transport regions HCL1, HCL2, HCL3, and HCL4 can transport holes provided from the first electrode AE ​​or the charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 to the emitting layers BEML1, BEML2, BEML3, and GEML. The electron transport regions ECL1, ECL2, ECL3, and ECL4 can transport electrons provided from the second electrode CE or the charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 to the emitting layers BEML1, BEML2, BEML3, and GEML.

[0143] The light-emitting element (ED) according to an embodiment is shown having a structure in which hole transport regions HCL1, HCL2, HCL3, and HCL4 are respectively disposed below the emission layers BEML1, BEML2, BEML3, and GEML included in the emission stacks ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4, based on the direction of light emission. Electron transport regions ECL1, ECL2, ECL3, and ECL4 are respectively disposed above the emission layers BEML1, BEML2, BEML3, and GEML included in the emission stacks ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4. For example, the light-emitting element (ED) according to an embodiment may have a forward device structure. However, the disclosure is not limited to this, and the light-emitting element ED may have an inverted device structure in which, based on the direction of light emission, electron transport regions ECL1, ECL2, ECL3 and ECL4 are respectively disposed below the emission layers BEML1, BEML2, BEML3 and GEML included in the emission stacks ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4, and hole transport regions HCL1, HCL2, HCL3 and HCL4 are respectively disposed above the emission layers BEML1, BEML2, BEML3 and GEML included in the emission stacks ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4.

[0144] Hole transport regions HCL1, HCL2, HCL3, and HCL4 may include hole injection layers HIL1, HIL2, HIL3, and HIL4, and hole transport layers HTL1, HTL2, HTL3, and HTL4 respectively disposed on the hole injection layers HIL1, HIL2, HIL3, and HIL4. Each of the hole transport layers HTL1, HTL2, HTL3, and HTL4 may be in contact with the bottom surface of the corresponding emitter layers BEML1, BEML2, BEML3, and GEML. However, the disclosure is not limited thereto, and hole transport regions HCL1, HCL2, HCL3, and HCL4 may also include hole-side additional layers respectively disposed on the hole transport layers HTL1, HTL2, HTL3, and HTL4. The hole-side additional layers may include at least one of a hole buffer layer, an emission auxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer. The hole buffer layer may be a layer that compensates for the resonant distance and increases the luminous efficiency according to the wavelength of the light emitted from the emitter layer. An electron blocking layer can be a layer used to prevent electrons from being injected from the electron transport region into the hole transport region.

[0145] Electron transport regions ECL1, ECL2, ECL3, and ECL4 may include electron transport layers. Electron transport regions ECL1, ECL2, ECL3, and ECL4 may also include electron injection layers disposed on the electron transport layers. For example, the fourth electron transport region ECL4 included in the fourth emitter stack ST4 may further include a fourth electron transport layer ETL4 and a fourth electron injection layer EIL4 disposed on the fourth electron transport layer ETL4. Electron transport regions ECL1, ECL2, ECL3, and ECL4 may also include an electron-side supplementary layer disposed between the electron transport layers and the emitter layers. The electron-side supplementary layer may include at least one of an electron buffer layer and a hole blocking layer.

[0146] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the time-relative output brightness curve for the display panel. For simplicity, Figure 6 Image retention compensation (ISC) curves are shown for light-emitting elements with different optical lengths.

[0147] Image retention compensation (ISC) curves (or time-relative output brightness curves) can be expected lifetime curves obtained by calculating brightness retention rate data via degradation conditions. Here, the ISC curve can be a curve derived from the expected degradation of the degraded display panel based on the brightness acceleration relationship calculated using only the difference data of brightness degradation at the same temperature and the temperature acceleration relationship calculated using only the difference data of degradation temperature at the same brightness.

[0148] Assuming the maximum brightness value (or initial brightness value) in the ISC curve is approximately 1, there may be periods where the relative value between the output brightness value and the maximum brightness value exceeds approximately 1. Overshoot can be a phenomenon where the relative value between the output brightness value and the maximum brightness value in the ISC curve exceeds approximately 1. In the following text, the degree of overshoot may be referred to as the overshoot characteristic (or overshoot value). In this disclosure, the overshoot value can be the ratio of the output brightness value to the initial brightness value exceeding approximately 1, and the maximum overshoot value can be the largest of the ratios of the output brightness value to the initial brightness value exceeding approximately 1.

[0149] Reference Figure 6The overshoot characteristics of the second curve ISC2 can be greater than those of the first curve ISC1. Regarding the degree to which the relative value between the output brightness value and the initial brightness value exceeds approximately 1 for a given period, the second curve ISC2 can be greater than the first curve ISC1. The maximum overshoot value in the second curve ISC2 can be greater than the maximum overshoot value in the first curve ISC1. The first curve ISC1 can be an ISC curve derived from data calculated with an optical length of approximately 419.78 nm, and the second curve ISC2 can be an ISC curve derived from data calculated with an optical length of approximately 411.594 nm. For example, the smaller the optical length, the stronger the overshoot characteristics of the emitter layer may be. In the event of overshoot, the reliability of the display panel may decrease due to overcompensation for image retention.

[0150] Figure 7A It is based on the time-relative output brightness curve of the display panel in the comparison example. Figure 7B It is based on the time-relative output brightness curve of the display panel in the comparison example.

[0151] Reference Figure 7A The time-relative output brightness curves for the display panel in the comparative example may include curve CE1-1 (1-1), curve CE1-2 (1-2), curve CE1-3 (1-3), curve CE1-4 (1-4), curve CE1-5 (1-5), and curve CE1-6 (1-6). Here, curves CE1-1 (1-1), CE1-2 (1-2), CE1-3 (1-3), CE1-4 (1-4), CE1-5 (1-5), and CE1-6 (1-6) may be curves showing the results measured when the observed gray levels are approximately 16, 32, 64, 128, 192, and 255, respectively.

[0152] Reference Figure 7B The time-relative output brightness curves for the display panel in the comparative example may include curve 2-1 CE2-1, curve 2-2 CE2-2, curve 2-3 CE2-3, curve 2-4 CE2-4, curve 2-5 CE2-5, and curve 2-6 CE2-6. Here, curves 2-1 CE2-1, 2-2 CE2-2, 2-3 CE2-3, 2-4 CE2-4, 2-5 CE2-5, and 2-6 CE2-6 may be curves showing the results measured when the observed gray levels are approximately 16, approximately 32, approximately 64, approximately 128, approximately 192, and approximately 255, respectively.

[0153] Typically, the grayscale used to obtain stable data values ​​can be approximately 64 or greater. Typically, the grayscale used to observe image residue on a display panel can be approximately 64 or approximately 128.

[0154] Figure 7A It can be a time-relative output brightness curve for each observed gray level based on the brightness maintenance data of the light (or second light) passing through the green filter. Figure 7B It can be a time-relative output brightness curve for each observed gray level based on the brightness maintenance data of the light (or first light) passing through the blue filter.

[0155] Assuming the initial brightness value is approximately 1, the relative output brightness can be the relative value between the output brightness value and the initial brightness value. For example, the relative output brightness can be the output brightness value divided by the initial brightness value. When the relative output brightness has a value greater than approximately 1, the overshoot characteristic of the display panel can be greater.

[0156] Reference Figure 7A Curves 1-4 (CE1-4), 1-5 (CE1-5), and 1-6 (CE1-6) may all include time periods where the relative output brightness has a value exceeding approximately 1. On the other hand, curves 1-1 (CE1-1), 1-2 (CE1-2), and 1-3 (CE1-3) may not include time periods where the relative output brightness has a value exceeding approximately 1. In light passing through a green filter, time periods where the relative output brightness has a value exceeding approximately 1 may only occur when the observed gray level is approximately 128 or greater. For example, for light passing through a green filter, overshoot may only occur at specific observed gray levels or greater.

[0157] Reference Figure 7B Curves 2-1 (CE2-1), 2-2 (CE2-2), 2-3 (CE2-3), 2-4 (CE2-4), 2-5 (CE2-5), and 2-6 (CE2-6) can all include time periods where the relative output brightness has a value exceeding approximately 1. In light passing through a blue filter, regardless of the observed grayscale, time periods where the relative output brightness has a value exceeding approximately 1 can occur. For example, overshoot can occur for light passing through a blue filter, regardless of the observed grayscale.

[0158] Reference Figure 7A and Figure 7BRegarding overshoot characteristics, the first light can be stronger than the second light. For example, the first light can be stronger than the second light to the extent that its relative output brightness exceeds approximately 1. As the optical length decreases, the light output ratio of light with a shorter wavelength can be greater than that of light with a longer wavelength. As the optical length decreases, the light output ratio of blue light can be greater than that of green light. The wavelength of the first light can be shorter than that of the second light. For example, as the optical length decreases, the light output ratio of the first light can be greater than that of the second light. As described above, since the overshoot characteristics of the first light are stronger than those of the second light, the total overshoot value of the display panel can increase as the light output ratio of the first light increases.

[0159] Figure 8A It is a time-relative output brightness curve for a display panel according to a disclosed embodiment. Figure 8B It is a time-relative output brightness curve for a display panel according to a disclosed embodiment. Figure 8A and Figure 8B Each is a time-relative output brightness curve for a display panel that includes a pixel-defined film PDL containing at least one of black pigment and black dye.

[0160] Reference Figure 8A According to the embodiment, the time-relative output brightness curve for the display panel may include curve 3-1 (CE3-1), curve 3-2 (CE3-2), curve 3-3 (CE3-3), curve 3-4 (CE3-4), curve 3-5 (CE3-5), and curve 3-6 (CE3-6). Here, curves 3-1 (CE3-1), 3-2 (CE3-2), 3-3 (CE3-3), 3-4 (CE3-4), 3-5 (CE3-5), and 3-6 (CE3-6) may be curves showing the results measured when the observed gray levels are approximately 16, 32, 64, 128, 192, and 255, respectively.

[0161] Reference Figure 8B According to the embodiment, the time-relative output brightness curve for the display panel may include curve 4-1 CE4-1, curve 4-2 CE4-2, curve 4-3 CE4-3, curve 4-4 CE4-4, curve 4-5 CE4-5, and curve 4-6 CE4-6. Here, curves 4-1 CE4-1, 4-2 CE4-2, 4-3 CE4-3, 4-4 CE4-4, 4-5 CE4-5, and 4-6 CE4-6 may be curves showing the results measured when the observed gray levels are approximately 16, approximately 32, approximately 64, approximately 128, approximately 192, and approximately 255, respectively.

[0162] Figure 8AThis could be for a time-relative output brightness curve for a display panel with improved lifespan characteristics, which includes an emitting layer that produces green light (hereinafter referred to as the green emitting layer). Figure 8A The time-relative output brightness curves for a display panel including a black pixel-defining film are shown, but the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0163] As described above, when the pixel-defining film includes a black pigment, the amount of degassing can be reduced, thereby providing a light-emitting element with improved lifetime characteristics. Since the green emitting layer includes a phosphorescent material, unlike the blue emitting layer which includes a fluorescent material, the green emitting layer may have lower durability and a shorter lifetime than the blue emitting layer. When the pixel-defining film includes a black pigment, the degree to which the lifetime characteristics of the green emitting layer are improved can be greater than the degree to which the lifetime characteristics of the blue emitting layer are improved. Therefore, the lifetime of the green emitting layer can be similar to that of the blue emitting layer. Because the lifetime characteristics of the green emitting layer are improved, the overshoot characteristics of the light (or second light) passing through the green filter can also be increased. For example, the occurrence of a period of time during which an output brightness value exceeding the initial brightness value is generated can be increased before the light-emitting element deteriorates. Therefore, the overshoot characteristics of the light (or second light) passing through the green filter can be similar to the overshoot characteristics of the light (or first light) passing through the blue filter.

[0164] Reference Figure 8A ,exist Figure 8A In the curves measured only at 128, 192, and 255 gray levels, overshoot was observed. Figure 7A Unlike other methods, overshoot can be observed in all curves measured at 16, 32, 64, 128, 192, and 255 gray levels. For example, not only curves CE3-4, CE3-5, and CE3-6 measured at 128, 192, and 255 gray levels, but also curves CE3-1, CE3-2, and CE3-3 measured at 16, 32, and 64 gray levels, can include time periods with a relative output brightness exceeding approximately 1. Because the lifetime characteristics of the green emitting layer are improved, time periods with a relative output brightness exceeding approximately 1 can occur regardless of the observed gray level.

[0165] Reference Figure 8A and Figure 8BSince the lifetime characteristics of the green and blue emitting layers become similar as described above, the overshoot characteristics of the first and second beams can also become similar. For example, the first and second beams can become similar in terms of having a relative output brightness exceeding approximately 1. In both the first and second beams, regardless of the observed grayscale, a time period with a relative output brightness exceeding approximately 1 can occur. Overshoot can occur in both the first and second beams, regardless of the observed grayscale.

[0166] Equation 1 below represents the total overshoot value of the display panel.

[0167] [Equation 1] Total overshoot = In Equation 1, 'a' can be the light output ratio of blue light, and 'b' can be the light output ratio of green light. The value obtained by adding 'a' and 'b' can be approximately 1. OS1 can be the overshoot value of light passing through the blue filter. OS2 can be the overshoot value of light passing through the green filter.

[0168] Referring to Equation 1 above, when the overshoot values ​​of light passing through the green filter and the blue filter become similar, a and b can become similar, thus the sum of the overshoot values ​​of the display panel can be determined regardless of the optical length. In other words, when the overshoot values ​​of light passing through the green filter and the blue filter are similar, the optical length can be reduced, so even if the ratio of emitted blue light increases, the sum of the overshoot values ​​of the display panel can remain unaffected. According to the disclosed embodiments, an overshoot similar to that of blue light can be generated in the green light, thereby controlling the output overshoot value within a predictable range regardless of changes in the optical length. Therefore, a display panel that easily compensates for image retention of light generated from the light-emitting element and improves display characteristics can be provided.

[0169] Overcompensation for image retention on the display panel can be prevented when the relative value of the output brightness value to the initial brightness value in the display panel is less than or equal to approximately 1.02. To ensure that the relative value of the output brightness value to the initial brightness value in the display panel is less than or equal to approximately 1.02, the difference between the overshoot value of light passing through the green color filter and the overshoot value of light passing through the blue color filter can be less than or equal to approximately 0.01. In other words, the maximum difference between the maximum overshoot value of light passing through the green color filter and the maximum overshoot value of light passing through the blue color filter is approximately 0.01, where the maximum overshoot value is measured at 64 grayscale or 128 grayscale.

[0170] According to the disclosed embodiments, the corresponding overshoot values ​​of the first and second lights with different wavelengths can be set within a similar range, thereby easily compensating for image retention of the light output from the light-emitting element. In the disclosed embodiments, a black pixel defining film can be used to design the overshoot values ​​within a similar range, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The design can be performed by various methods (e.g., adjusting the light-emitting material) as long as the difference between the overshoot values ​​of the first and second lights is less than or equal to about 0.01, and is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0171] According to the disclosed embodiments, the blue light emitting layer and the green light emitting layer can have a similar range of occurrences for a period of time in which the relative value of the output brightness value to the initial brightness value is greater than about 1, thereby providing an electronic device capable of effectively compensating for image retention.

[0172] Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an embodiment.

[0173] Reference Figure 9 According to an embodiment, the electronic device EA may include a display module DM, a processor PR, a memory MR, and a power module PM.

[0174] The processor PR may include at least one of a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), and a controller.

[0175] The memory (MR) can store the data required for the operation of the processor (PR) or the display module (DM). When the processor (PR) runs the application stored in the memory (MR), image data signals and / or input control signals can be transmitted to the display module (DM), and the display module (DM) can process the transmitted signals and output image information through the display screen. The display module (DM) may include a display panel for displaying images.

[0176] The power module PM may include a power conversion module. The power conversion module converts power supplied from a power module, such as a power adapter or battery device, into the power required for the operation of the electronic device EA.

[0177] At least one of the components of the aforementioned electronic device EA may be included in the display module according to an embodiment and the display device including the display module according to an embodiment. Furthermore, some of the modules functionally included in a single module may be included in the display device, and other modules within the various modules may be disposed separately from the display device. For example, the display device may include the display module DM, and the processor PR, memory MR, and power module PM may be disposed as another device in the electronic device EA instead of the display device.

[0178] Figure 10 These are schematic views illustrating various electronic devices according to embodiments.

[0179] Reference Figure 10 According to the embodiments, various electronic devices including display modules may include wearable electronic devices (such as smart glasses EA_2a, head-mounted displays EA_2b, and smartwatches EA_2c), electronic devices for vehicles EA_3 (such as central information displays (CID) and interior mirror displays disposed in the dashboard, center panel, and instrument panel of a vehicle), and electronic devices for image display (such as smartphones EA_1a, tablet PCs EA_1b, laptop computers EA_1c, televisions EA_1d, and desktop monitors EA_1e).

[0180] The above description is an example of the disclosed technical features, and those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications and variations. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments described above can be implemented individually or in combination with each other.

[0181] Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to limit the spirit of the disclosed technology, but rather to describe it, and the scope of the disclosed spirit of the technology is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of protection of the disclosure should be interpreted by the appended claims, and it should be understood that all technical spirit within the equivalent scope is included within the scope of the disclosure.

Claims

1. An electronic device, the electronic device comprising: A pixel-defining film defines multiple emitting regions and non-emitting regions adjacent to the multiple emitting regions; Multiple light-emitting elements are respectively disposed in the multiple emission regions, and each of the multiple light-emitting elements emits source light; as well as An optical layer is disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein, Each of the plurality of light-emitting elements includes: A first electrode is disposed in the plurality of emission regions; A first emitting layer is disposed on the first electrode and generates blue first light; A second emission layer is disposed on the first emission layer and generates a second green light. A third emission layer is disposed between the first emission layer and the second emission layer and generates a blue third light; A fourth emission layer is disposed between the first emission layer and the second emission layer and generates a blue fourth light; A charge generation layer is disposed between the first emission layer and the second emission layer; and The second electrode is disposed on the second emission layer. The pixel-defining film includes a black pigment, and The distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is less than the resonant distance of the green light.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein, The maximum difference between the maximum overshoot value of the second light and the maximum overshoot value of each of the first, third, and fourth lights is 0.

01.

3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein, The maximum overshoot value is measured at 64 or 128 gray levels.

4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein, At least two of the first light, the third light, and the fourth light have different wavelengths.

5. The electronic device according to claim 4, wherein, The wavelength is in the range of 420nm to 480nm.

6. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein, The optical layer includes a color filter layer, and the color filter layer includes a color filter.

7. The electronic device according to claim 6, wherein, The optical layer further includes a light control layer, which comprises quantum dots.

8. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the first, third, and fourth emission layers comprises multiple stacked layers.

9. An electronic device, the electronic device comprising: The display module is configured to display images; as well as The processor is configured to provide image data to the display module. The display module includes: A pixel-defining film defines multiple emitting regions and non-emitting regions adjacent to the multiple emitting regions; Multiple light-emitting elements are respectively disposed in the multiple emission regions, and each of the multiple light-emitting elements emits source light; and An optical layer is disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein, Each of the plurality of light-emitting elements includes: A first electrode is disposed in the plurality of emission regions; The second electrode is disposed on the first electrode; A first emitting layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and generates first light; A second emitting layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and generates second light, wherein the first light and the second light have different colors; and A charge generation layer is disposed between the first emission layer and the second emission layer. Each of the first light and the second light has an overshoot value with a brightness higher than the initial brightness for a period of time, and The difference between the maximum overshoot value of the first light and the maximum overshoot value of the second light is 0.

01.

10. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein, The wavelength of the first light is shorter than the wavelength of the second light.

11. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein, Each of the plurality of light-emitting elements further includes a third emitting layer and a fourth emitting layer, and The third and fourth emitting layers produce light of the same color as the first light.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein, The second emission layer is disposed on the first emission layer, and The third and fourth emission layers are disposed between the first and second emission layers.

13. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein, Each of the first, third, and fourth emission layers comprises multiple stacked layers.

14. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein, At least two types of light from the first, third, and fourth emission layers have different wavelengths.

15. The electronic device according to claim 14, wherein, The wavelength is in the range of 420nm to 480nm.

16. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein, The pixel-defining film includes at least one of black pigment and black dye.

17. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein, The optical layer includes a color filter layer, and the color filter layer includes a color filter.

18. The electronic device according to claim 17, wherein, The optical layer further includes a light control layer, which comprises quantum dots.

19. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein, The distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is less than the resonant distance of the second light.

20. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein, The maximum overshoot value is measured at 64 or 128 gray levels.

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