Intelligent watering flowerpot based on 51 single-chip microcomputer

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent watering flowerpot based on a 51 single-chip microcomputer, and the flowerpot takes a domestic STC89C52 low-power-consumption single-chip microcomputer as a control core, selects a corrosion-resistant and waterproof soil moisture sensor to collect a soil humidity signal in real time, adopts a DS18B20 temperature sensor to collect an ambient temperature, and displays the soil humidity and the ambient temperature in real time through a liquid crystal display screen LCD1602. The integrated design of the flowerpot, the water tank and irrigation is realized; soil humidity detection and environment temperature detection are integrated, watering is set to be started only when soil is lack of water and the environment temperature is lower than 33 DEG C, the problem that a plant root system is burnt possibly when a traditional automatic watering device waters in the high-temperature period is effectively solved, more scientific and reasonable plant water management is achieved, and the watering efficiency is improved. The survival rate and the growth quality of the plants are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of intelligent watering flowerpots, and particularly to an intelligent watering flowerpot based on a 51 single-chip microcomputer. BACKGROUND

[0002] The research on intelligent watering flowerpots mainly includes the following aspects: 1. intelligent prompting combined with manual maintenance, built-in sensors, collection of soil humidity, light, temperature and other information displayed on the control panel, and manual watering; 2. optimization and improvement of the intelligent control system, the intelligent control system consisting of a controller, a sensor and remote control, the control chip mainly adopting Intel8051 series, STM32, Raspberry Pi, Arduino, etc.; the sensor mainly adopting types with more functions and higher precision, such as a humidity sensor for detecting soil humidity, a temperature sensor DS18B20 for detecting environmental temperature, and a mineral content sensor for detecting soil nutrient indicators; the remote control mainly based on ZigBee, Bluetooth, Wifi and other transmission modes; and the user interface mainly being an App or a mini program.

[0003] The existing automatic watering flowerpots have the following main problems: 1. some products pay too much attention to the internal intelligent control system, the functions are too miscellaneous, the cost is ignored, and the price is too high, resulting in a narrow purchase group; 2. most products do not consider the temperature factor, only pay attention to whether there is water shortage, the sensor detects water shortage immediately, and the watering will cause the plant to “burn roots” when the temperature is too high (more than 33℃); 3. most products do not consider the scientific and reasonable design of the water storage device, or directly connect the water pipe for watering, or the water tank adopts a plastic opaque material, and the watering water cannot be irradiated by sunlight.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present application provides an intelligent watering flowerpot based on a 51 single-chip microcomputer. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the problems of high price, no consideration of the temperature factor leading to the plant “burning roots” and no reasonable design of the water storage device of the existing intelligent flowerpot, the present application provides an intelligent watering flowerpot based on a 51 single-chip microcomputer.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows: an intelligent watering flowerpot based on a 51 single-chip microcomputer, comprising:

[0007] The flowerpot body and the water tank adopt an integrated built-in sleeve structure, the water tank is located at the outside or the lower part of the flowerpot body, and is used for storing irrigation water; the water tank is made of transparent material, has a volume of 1.5-3 liters, and is convenient for observing the water level and sunlight irradiation of the water quality;

[0008] The control unit, taking STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the core, is arranged in a waterproof control box, the control box is pasted on the outer facade of the water tank or placed beside the flowerpot by special glue, and is used for processing the sensor signal and controlling the actuator;

[0009] The soil humidity detection module adopts a soil humidity sensor with a corrosion-resistant alloy probe, outputs an analog signal, and converts the analog signal into a digital signal by an ADC0832 analog-digital conversion chip and sends the digital signal into the control unit.

[0010] The environmental temperature detection module adopts a DS18B20 temperature sensor, is arranged around the flowerpot body, and directly outputs a digital signal to the control unit.

[0011] The water level detection module adopts an XKC-Y23A-V non-contact liquid level sensor, is pasted on the outer wall of the water tank at a position 1-2 cm away from the bottom by glass glue or 704 silicone, is used for detecting the water level of the water tank and transmitting the signal to the control unit.

[0012] The watering execution module includes a direct-current micro water pump, a relay and a plurality of micro water spray heads, the water spray heads are uniformly arranged in the water tank around the upper edge of the flowerpot, the water pump is connected with the water spray heads through a plastic hose, and the control end of the relay is connected with the 51 single-chip microcomputer.

[0013] The display and alarm module includes a liquid crystal display screen and a buzzer, is used for displaying the soil humidity, the environmental temperature and the water level state in real time, and triggering the buzzer to alarm when the water level is insufficient.

[0014] The power module includes a rechargeable lithium battery, and is used for supplying power to the whole system.

[0015] As preferred, the number of the water spray heads of the watering execution module is 4, the water spray heads are symmetrically arranged around the water tank of the upper edge of the flowerpot, the width of the water tank is 1-1.5 cm, and the depth of the water tank is 0.8-1.2 cm; a water injection hole with a diameter of 1-1.5 cm is arranged at a corner of the flowerpot, and is used for penetrating the water pump lead and the water pipe.

[0016] As preferred, the flowerpot monitors the soil humidity in real time through the soil humidity detection module, monitors the environmental temperature in real time through the environmental temperature detection module, and monitors the water level of the water tank in real time through the water level detection module, when the water level of the water tank is sufficient, it is judged whether the soil humidity is lower than 25% (for example, for the plant with moderate water requirement, the same below) and whether the environmental temperature is lower than 33℃, if yes, the watering execution module is started to water, when the soil humidity reaches 100%, the watering is stopped, when the water level of the water tank is insufficient, the watering execution module is prohibited to be started and the alarm is triggered.

[0017] Preferably, the flowerpot also includes a power status monitoring function, which monitors the voltage through the power module. When the voltage is lower than the threshold, the user is prompted to charge via an LED indicator. The indicator light is green when the voltage is normal and red when the voltage is insufficient.

[0018] Preferably, the bottom of the flowerpot body has a water filter hole and a filter cloth is placed therein. The upper edge of the flowerpot body is designed with a surrounding water groove, and the water spray head is installed in the water groove.

[0019] Preferably, the control unit is also connected to an LED indicator light to display the power status in real time. When the power supply voltage is normal, the indicator light is always green; when the voltage is insufficient, the indicator light turns to always red.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0021] 1. This invention integrates soil moisture detection and ambient temperature detection, and sets watering to start only when the soil is dry and the ambient temperature is below 33°C. This effectively avoids the problem of plant root burn that may be caused by watering during high-temperature periods in traditional automatic watering devices, and achieves more scientific and reasonable plant water management, thereby improving plant survival rate and growth quality.

[0022] 2. This invention adopts an integrated structure design of flower pot and water tank. The water tank is made of transparent material and is externally placed, so that the irrigation water can be exposed to sunlight. This conforms to the traditional practice of "sun-drying water" in home gardening to improve water quality and reduce the stimulation of chlorine on plants. At the same time, the integrated design also saves space and enhances the product's aesthetics and home decoration.

[0023] 3. By setting up a water level detection module and linking it with the water pump drive circuit, this invention can automatically prevent the water pump from starting and issue an audible and visual alarm when a water tank is found to be low on water. This protection mechanism effectively prevents damage to the water pump caused by dry running, extends the service life of core components, and reduces the maintenance cost of the equipment.

[0024] 4. This invention uses a control system based on the STC89C52 microcontroller, along with necessary sensors and actuators, to build a functional and low-cost solution. This avoids the use of expensive and redundant controllers and sensors, making the product more cost-effective and easier to promote and popularize among home users. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the system framework of this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the circuit principle of this invention.

[0027] Figure 3The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of the attached diagram labels: 1. Water tank; 2. Flower pot body; 3. Sprinkler head. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Please see Figures 1-4 This invention provides an embodiment of an intelligent watering flowerpot based on a 51 microcontroller, specifically:

[0032] In this embodiment, the control unit uses the STC89C52RC microcontroller manufactured by Hongjing Technology. This chip is based on the 8051 core, has 8KB of Flash program memory, 512 bytes of RAM, and a maximum clock frequency of 35MHz, which fully meets the computing and control requirements of this application. Its minimum system includes a clock circuit, a reset circuit, and power decoupling. The clock circuit uses an 11.0592MHz quartz crystal oscillator, along with two 22pF ceramic capacitors C2 and C3, to provide a stable clock signal for the microcontroller. The reset circuit adopts a power-on reset combined with a manual reset scheme, consisting of a 10uF electrolytic capacitor C1, a 10KΩ resistor R1, and a tactile switch S1. When S1 is pressed or the system is powered on, a high-level pulse is generated on the RST pin, reliably resetting the microcontroller. The power decoupling function involves connecting a 0.1uF ceramic capacitor C4 between the microcontroller's VCC (pin 40) and GND (pin 20) to filter out high-frequency noise and ensure stable chip operation.

[0033] The STC89C52RC microcontroller's P0 port serves as the data bus, connected in 8-bit parallel mode to the D0-D7 pins of the LCD1602. P1.0 is used to control the buzzer, P1.1 to control the relay, P1.2-P1.4 to connect to the ADC0832 for SPI communication (CLK, CS, DO), P1.5 to connect to the DS18B20's single-bus data line, P2.0 receives the analog signal from the soil moisture sensor (input to CH0 of the ADC0832), P2.2-P2.4 control the LED indicator, P2.5-P2.7 serve as the LCD1602's control lines (RS, RW, E), and P3.2 (INT0) connects to the digital output signal of the liquid level sensor, facilitating rapid response to water level changes via external interrupts or polling.

[0034] In this embodiment, soil moisture detection employs a soil moisture sensor module with a corrosion-resistant alloy probe. This module integrates an LM393 voltage comparator, outputting a digital signal. The module itself can also perform preliminary conditioning (RC filtering) on ​​the analog voltage signal detected by the probe before outputting it. This analog signal (0-VCC) is connected to the CH0 channel of the ADC0832 analog-to-digital converter chip. The ADC0832 is an 8-bit resolution ADC with a serial interface. Its reference voltage Vref is connected to VCC (5V). The microcontroller communicates with the ADC0832 via P1.2 (CLK), P1.3 (CS), and P1.4 (DO), converting the analog voltage value into a digital quantity D ranging from 0 to 255. A preliminary conversion is performed using the formula: Moisture percentage ≈ (D / 255) × 100%, and calibration is performed in software to obtain a more accurate volumetric water content. A potentiometer on the sensor module can be used to adjust the detection sensitivity (i.e., the comparator threshold).

[0035] The ambient temperature is detected using the DS18B20 digital temperature sensor, a single-bus device that requires only one data line (connected to P1.5) and a 4.7KΩ pull-up resistor to communicate with the microcontroller. The DS18B20 directly outputs the digital temperature value with a resolution of 0.0625℃, eliminating the need for an external ADC and simplifying circuit design. Its measurement range is -55℃ to +125℃, with an accuracy of ±0.5℃, fully meeting the requirements for ambient temperature monitoring. The microcontroller reads the internal temperature register through a strict single-bus timing sequence and converts it into the actual Celsius temperature value.

[0036] The water level detection in the water tank uses an XKC-Y23A-V non-contact liquid level sensor. This sensor, based on capacitive sensing, can be directly attached to the lower part of the water tank's outer wall (non-metallic materials such as acrylic or glass) at the designated water level line, eliminating the need for holes in the tank and ensuring its integrity and sealing. The sensor output is a switch signal: a low level (0V) is output when the water level is below the sensor's sensing surface; a high level (VCC) is output when the water level covers the sensing surface. This output signal is directly connected to the microcontroller's P3.2 pin. To prevent signal jitter, de-jitter delay processing is added in the software.

[0037] In this embodiment, the watering execution module consists of a 5V DC micro submersible pump, a 5V relay module, and a water spraying system. The control input terminal of the relay module is connected to the P1.1 pin of the microcontroller through a 1KΩ current-limiting resistor. When P1.1 outputs a high level, the relay coil is energized, its normally open contact closes, and the water pump is powered on to start pumping water. The water pump inlet is connected to the bottom of the water tank through a silicone hose, and the water outlet is connected to four micro water spray heads evenly distributed in the water groove along the top of the flower pot through a T-junction and branch hoses. This surround spraying design ensures uniform watering. A 1N4007 freewheeling diode is connected in reverse parallel across the two ends of the relay coil to absorb the reverse induced electromotive force generated when the power is off, protecting the microcontroller I / O port.

[0038] The display module uses a standard LCD1602 character LCD module with a display capacity of 16 characters × 2 lines. Its Vo pin is connected to GND through a 10KΩ adjustable resistor to adjust the display contrast. The backlight anode is connected to VCC in series with a 51Ω current-limiting resistor, and the cathode is directly connected to GND. The microcontroller sends display data through the P0 port and sends control commands through P2.5 (RS), P2.6 (RW), and P2.7 (E) to display information such as "T: XX.XC" and "H: XXX%" in real time.

[0039] The buzzer is an active buzzer (5V driven). Its positive terminal is connected to VCC through the collector of a PNP transistor (such as 8550), and its base is connected to P1.0 of the microcontroller through a 1KΩ resistor. When P1.0 outputs a low level, the transistor conducts, and the buzzer sounds. This low-level active design enhances the driving capability.

[0040] The LED indicator uses a common-anode tri-color LED (red, green, and blue). The cathode of the red LED is connected to P2.2 through a 220Ω current-limiting resistor, and the cathode of the green LED is connected to P2.3 through another 220Ω resistor. The anodes are all connected to VCC. When P2.2 outputs a low level, the red LED is on; when P2.3 outputs a low level, the green LED is on; when both are high, the LED is off.

[0041] The power management module is powered by a 3.7V, 2000mAh lithium polymer battery, which is charged via a TP4056 charging management chip. The system operates at 5V, and an AMS1117-5.0 voltage regulator chip stabilizes the battery voltage at 5V output. Power voltage monitoring is achieved through channel CH1 of the ADC0832. The 5V power supply is divided by two 100KΩ resistors (resulting in a 2.5V full-scale voltage) and then fed into CH1. The microcontroller reads this voltage value for analysis.

[0042] In this embodiment, the flowerpot is made of food-grade PP plastic by injection molding and consists of three parts: an inner pot, an outer water tank, and a top cover.

[0043] The inner basin is used to hold soil and plant plants. Its bottom has multiple 8mm diameter filter holes evenly distributed, with a permeable non-woven fabric filter layer above the holes to prevent soil loss and water blockage. The outer water tank, made of transparent AS plastic, has a capacity of 2.5L and surrounds the lower part of the inner basin. Its transparent design allows users to easily observe the remaining water level. The inner side of the top cover features a ring-shaped water trough with four miniature ABS spray heads embedded in the trough wall at 90-degree intervals. These heads are connected to the water pump outlet via Φ4mm silicone hoses. A Φ15mm water inlet is provided at one corner of the top cover for adding water to the tank; the water pump's power cord and hose also pass through this hole. A soil moisture sensor probe is inserted into the lower part of the soil in the inner basin at an approximately 60-degree angle. A DS18B20 temperature sensor is fixed below the edge of the top cover to avoid direct sunlight and watering interference. The liquid level sensor is tightly attached to the outer wall of the outer water tank using 704 silicone.

[0044] Furthermore, the workflow of this invention will be described in detail below:

[0045] Upon powering on, the STC89C52 microcontroller starts up. Its internal program first executes the initialization routine, which includes configuring the operating modes of each input / output (I / O) port (such as setting the ports controlling the water pump and buzzer as outputs and the sensor data ports as inputs), initializing Timer 0 to generate a precise 1ms timer interrupt, initializing the LCD1602 liquid crystal display and loading the initial interface, initializing serial communication, and calling the temperature conversion start command of the DS18B20 temperature sensor once to prepare for the first data reading after entering the main loop.

[0046] Upon entering the main loop, the system immediately initiates the acquisition of multi-channel environmental data. First, the microcontroller sends commands to the DS18B20 temperature sensor via a single-bus protocol and reads the digital value from its register, converting it into floating-point ambient temperature data (temper) in degrees Celsius. Then, the microcontroller communicates with the ADC0832 analog-to-digital converter chip via the SPI protocol, reading the conversion results from channel 0 (CH0) and channel 1 (CH1). CH0 is connected to a voltage signal after voltage division, which is converted into millivolts (voltage0) to monitor battery power. CH1 is connected to the analog voltage signal output by the soil moisture sensor, which is converted using a specific formula (voltage1 = abs((((adc1 / 255.0f)×...). The value is calculated as 5000.0f)-5000) / 50.0f)) and further linearly mapped to the soil volumetric water content percentage (Change) from 0% to 100%. At the same time, the program limits the amplitude of this value to ensure that it does not exceed 100%. Meanwhile, the microcontroller reads the high and low level signals output by the XKC-Y23A-V liquid level sensor from the P3.2 port to directly determine the water level status of the water tank. A high level indicates that the water level is normal, and a low level indicates that there is a lack of water.

[0047] After completing a round of data acquisition and calculation, the system immediately updates the human-machine interface. The microcontroller writes the latest ambient temperature value (e.g., "25.5") and soil moisture percentage value (e.g., "045") to a designated location on the LCD1602 display screen via the parallel data bus, realizing local visualization of the data and allowing users to clearly understand the current environmental conditions of the flowerpot. At the same time, if the debugging function is enabled, the main program will also package the acquired raw power supply voltage value, the calculated soil moisture percentage, and other data into a specific format string and send it to the host computer via the serial port, providing a remote channel for system status monitoring, data recording, and fault diagnosis.

[0048] The system then determines the water level in the tank. It checks if the WaterLevel variable is 0 (i.e., water shortage). If it is true, it immediately jumps to the alarm and protection process and skips all subsequent watering condition checks. If the water level is normal (WaterLevel == 1), the system continues to evaluate whether the watering trigger conditions are met. Specifically, it checks whether the "soil moisture percentage (Change) is less than or equal to 25% (for plants with moderate water requirements)" and whether the "ambient temperature (temper) is below 33℃". Only when both conditions are met does the system determine that the current situation is suitable for watering and prepare to execute the watering action. During this process, the system will also continuously monitor whether the soil moisture has reached saturation (Change >= 100%). This condition is used to determine when to stop watering. The above thresholds can be modified according to different water requirements of plants. For example, plants with low water requirements can be watered when the moisture content is below 10%, while plants with high water requirements can be watered when the moisture content is below 30%.

[0049] Based on the decision logic, the system drives the corresponding actuators and manages the alarm devices. If the system determines that the water tank is low on water, the microcontroller outputs a valid signal to the I / O port controlling the buzzer, driving the active buzzer to sound continuously or intermittently, issuing an audible alarm to the user that water urgently needs to be added. At the same time, it forcibly outputs a shutdown signal to the water pump control port to ensure that the water pump will not start under any circumstances, thus achieving dry-run protection. If the water level is normal and the watering conditions are met (dry soil and suitable temperature), the microcontroller outputs a valid signal to the I / O port connected to the relay control circuit, causing the relay to engage, thereby connecting the power supply to the DC micro water pump. The water pump begins to draw water from the water tank and deliver it through the pipe to the sprinkler head on the upper edge of the flowerpot for even irrigation. During the watering process, the system continuously monitors the soil moisture. Once the moisture reaches 100%, the system immediately cancels the water pump control signal and stops watering to prevent over-irrigation.

[0050] Throughout the main loop, power status monitoring is a crucial task performed in parallel. The program continuously checks the power supply voltage value sampled and calculated by the ADC. When this voltage value is lower than a preset undervoltage threshold (e.g., 2500mV, corresponding to a lithium battery charge of approximately 20%), the microcontroller controls a dual-color LED indicator to light up red, alerting the user that the system needs charging. When the voltage is normal, the green indicator light illuminates, providing visual feedback that the system is powered normally. Simultaneously, a timer interrupt service routine, independent of the main loop, executes every 20ms. Within this interrupt service function, it initiates a new DS18B20 temperature conversion, reads the conversion result in subsequent interrupts, updates the global temperature variable, and refreshes the temperature reading on the LCD display, ensuring the real-time and accurate display of the ambient temperature. As a result, the main loop does not need to wait for the time-consuming temperature conversion process, improving the system's response efficiency.

[0051] After completing a full control cycle, the main program will either pause briefly or directly enter the next loop, immediately returning to the environmental data acquisition step to begin a new round of data acquisition, display, decision-making, and execution. This process repeats until the system is powered off. During most of the time when watering or alarms are not required, the system is in a low-power monitoring state. The microcontroller performs the acquisition, display, and judgment tasks, and the sensors continue to work, but high-power components such as water pumps and buzzers remain silent, achieving intelligent unattended plant care.

[0052] This invention provides Embodiment 1:

[0053] The test samples used in this embodiment included the intelligent flowerpot representing the present invention (experimental group A) and the artificially cultivated ordinary flowerpot (comparative example C) for comparison. Ten pots each of pothos and cyclamen, which are sensitive to water and are common, were selected. All were healthy seedlings with uniform growth. Each plant was randomly divided into two groups and placed under the two cultivation conditions, A and C, respectively. The experiment was conducted in an intelligent light incubator with a photoperiod of 12h / 12h (light / dark). The daytime temperature was set to 30℃ (simulating normal summer temperature), and the nighttime temperature was set to 25℃. Every Tuesday and Friday, the daytime temperature was raised to 35℃ (4 hours) to simulate high-temperature weather. The specific results are shown in the table below.

[0054] Group Plant species Increase in plant height (cm) Increase in leaf number Biomass (g, fresh weight) Total water consumption (L) Root rot incidence A Pothos 18.5±1.2 6.2±0.8 95.3±8.1 3.8 0% C Pothos 16.9±1.5 5.8±0.7 90.1±7.8 4.2 5% A Adenium 7.2±0.9 4.5±0.6 68.7±5.4 2.9 0% C Adenium 6.8±1.0 4.2±0.7 65.3±6.2 3.1 10%

[0055] As can be seen from the above, experimental group A is comparable to or even slightly exceeds the growth indicators of the two plants under experienced artificial care (group C). At the same time, neither group A nor group C under artificial care developed this invention experienced root rot.

[0056] This invention provides Embodiment 2:

[0057] The test samples selected for the experiment in this embodiment include the smart flowerpot representing the present invention (experimental group A), as well as two commercially available mainstream automatic watering flowerpots and traditional manual maintenance methods for comparison. Among them, comparative example B1 is an automatic watering flowerpot of a certain brand that is triggered only by a soil moisture sensor and does not have a temperature-coordinated judgment function; comparative example B2 is a timed watering flowerpot of another brand that uses a fixed time interval for watering, and its watering behavior is unrelated to the actual needs of the soil.

[0058] To comprehensively evaluate the system performance, two common indoor ornamental plants with different water requirements and management responses were selected for testing. One was the adaptable and relatively drought-tolerant climbing plant, pothos, and the other was the bulbous flower, cyclamen, which is sensitive to water, susceptible to both drought and waterlogging, and has poor tolerance to high-temperature watering. Fifteen pots of each plant were prepared, all of which were healthy seedlings purchased from professional nurseries, free from pests and diseases, and with similar height, crown width, and number of leaves. The 15 pots of seedlings of each plant were then randomly assigned to three experimental groups, A, B1, and B2, with five pots in each group, in order to eliminate the influence of initial differences on the experimental results.

[0059] The entire experiment was conducted in an intelligent artificial climate incubator with precisely controllable environmental parameters, thus eliminating interference from external weather fluctuations. The incubator was set with a light cycle of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. The base daytime temperature was set to 30°C to simulate common summer indoor or balcony environments, while the nighttime temperature was set to 25°C to simulate diurnal temperature differences. To specifically test and highlight the advantages of the temperature and humidity joint control strategy of this invention under extreme conditions, Tuesdays and Fridays were selected each week to raise the incubator temperature to 35°C and maintain it for 4 hours during the day to simulate occasional high temperatures and examine the ability of each system to cope under these conditions.

[0060] The experiment lasted for 60 consecutive days, during which four types of key data were systematically collected. The first type was plant growth indicators, including plant height (from soil surface to highest point) measured every 15 days, the total number of leaves, and the area of ​​the largest leaf measured using a leaf area meter. At the end of the experiment, all plants were cut at the base and immediately weighed to obtain the fresh weight of the above-ground parts. They were then dried in an 80℃ oven to constant weight before being weighed dry. The second type was resource consumption indicators, precisely recording the cumulative water consumption of each flowerpot throughout the experiment, whether through water replenishment tanks or artificial watering. The total water consumption was recorded, and the total power consumption of the three automatic flowerpot systems (A, B1, and B2) was recorded using an electricity metering socket. The third category was system performance indicators, which were recorded through system logs and manual observation, including the number of malfunctions of the automatic flowerpots (A, B1, and B2), such as whether watering was performed on a simulated high-temperature day (35℃) or whether an alarm was triggered in time when the water tank was low. The fourth category was plant health status, which was recorded regularly for each pot of plants, including the occurrence and proportion of adverse phenomena such as yellowing leaves, wilting leaves, basal rot, or root rot. The specific results are shown in the table below.

[0061] Group Plant species Increase in plant height (cm) Increase in leaf number Biomass (g, fresh weight) Total water consumption (L) Root rot incidence A Pothos 18.5±1.2 6.2±0.8 95.3±8.1 3.8 0% B1 Pothos 15.1±1.8 5.1±0.9 82.4±7.5 4.5 10% B2 Pothos 13.8±2.1 4.7±1.1 78.9±9.2 5.1 15% A Adenium 7.2±0.9 4.5±0.6 68.7±5.4 2.9 0% B1 Adenium 5.8±1.1 3.6±0.8 55.2±6.1 3.6 25% B2 Adenium 4.9±1.3 3.1±0.9 50.8±7.0 4.4 30%

[0062] As can be seen from the above, experimental group A performed best in all growth indicators of the two plants, significantly better than comparative groups B1 and B2. This fully demonstrates the scientific nature of the temperature and humidity joint control strategy of the present invention, which avoids the stress of high temperature watering and water stress at any time, and creates the best growth environment for plants.

[0063] Experimental group A had the lowest total water consumption, saving approximately 15%-20% compared to B1 and approximately 25%-35% compared to B2. This indicates that the on-demand watering strategy of this invention (combined with temperature suppression) is more effective in saving water resources than simple humidity control or fixed-time watering. Regarding energy consumption, the three groups of automatic flowerpots showed little difference, all operating at low power consumption levels.

[0064] During the simulated high-temperature period, comparative examples B1 and B2 both experienced watering at 35℃, while group A of this invention reliably prevented watering. This directly led to a higher incidence of root rot in groups B1 and B2, especially in cyclamen which is more sensitive to high-temperature watering. Meanwhile, the water level alarm function in group A of this invention was triggered multiple times throughout the experiment, effectively prompting the addition of water and protecting the water pump, preventing any damage from pump dry running.

[0065] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments that can be applied to other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent watering flowerpot based on a 51 single-chip microcomputer, characterized in that, The pot body and the water tank are designed in an integrated manner, the water tank is located outside or at the lower part of the pot body, and is used for storing water for irrigation. The control unit, taking an STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the core, is arranged on the pot body or the water tank, and is used for processing sensor signals and controlling an execution mechanism. The soil humidity detection module is arranged in the pot body, and is used for detecting soil humidity in real time and transmitting signals to the control unit. The ambient temperature detection module is arranged around the pot body, and is used for detecting ambient temperature in real time and transmitting signals to the control unit. The water level detection module is arranged on the outer wall of the water tank, and is used for detecting the water level of the water tank and transmitting signals to the control unit. The watering execution module includes a water pump and a water spraying head, the water pump is connected to the water tank and the water spraying head through a water pipe, and the water spraying head is arranged on the upper edge of the pot body and used for watering the pot. The display and alarm module includes a liquid crystal display screen and a buzzer, and is used for displaying soil humidity, ambient temperature and water level in real time and triggering the buzzer to alarm when the water level is insufficient. The power module includes a rechargeable lithium battery, and is used for supplying power to the whole system. The soil humidity detection module adopts a soil humidity sensor with a corrosion-resistant alloy probe, outputs an analog signal, and converts the analog signal into a digital signal through an ADC0832 analog-digital conversion chip and sends the digital signal to the control unit.

2. The intelligent watering flowerpot based on a 51 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ambient temperature detection module adopts a DS18B20 temperature sensor, directly outputs a digital signal to the control unit.

3. The intelligent watering flowerpot based on 51 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water level detection module adopts an XKC-Y23A-V type non-contact liquid level sensor, is attached to the lower part of the outer wall of the water tank, and outputs a high-low level signal to the control unit.

4. The intelligent watering flowerpot based on 51 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water spraying head of the watering execution module is a plurality of micro water spraying heads, is uniformly distributed in a water tank on the upper edge of the pot body, is connected to the water pump through a plastic hose, and one corner of the pot body is provided with a water injection hole for passing through a water pump control lead and a water pipe.

5. The intelligent watering flowerpot based on 51 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pot body monitors soil humidity in real time through the soil humidity detection module, monitors ambient temperature in real time through the ambient temperature detection module, and monitors the water level of the water tank in real time through the water level detection module.

6. The intelligent watering flowerpot based on 51 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first set value is used for starting watering when the water content of a plant with low water demand is lower than 10%, the water content of a plant with moderate water demand is lower than 25%, and the water content of a plant with high water demand is lower than 30%, the second set value is 33℃, and the third set value is 100%.

7. The intelligent watering flowerpot based on 51 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pot body also includes a power state monitoring function, monitors voltage through the power module, and prompts a user to charge through an LED indicator light when the voltage is lower than a threshold value.

8. The intelligent watering flowerpot based on 51 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the pot body is provided with a water filtering hole and a filter cloth, and the upper edge of the pot body is designed with a surrounding water tank, and the water spraying head is installed in the water tank.

9. The intelligent watering flowerpot based on 51 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: ​ 10. The intelligent watering flowerpot based on 51 single-chip microcomputer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit is also connected with an LED indicating lamp for displaying power supply state in real time, when the power voltage is normal, the indicating lamp is green and long light, when the voltage is insufficient, the indicating lamp becomes red and long light.

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