Lithium ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag
By designing a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection system and adopting sealing, fire extinguishing, cooling and pressure relief measures, the cooling and pressure shock problems during lithium-ion battery thermal runaway are solved, achieving safety protection and risk reduction.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing fire extinguishing methods cannot effectively cool the lithium-ion battery core and pose a risk of reignition. Traditional fire extinguishers and blankets cannot cope with internal pressure shocks and high-temperature heat sources, posing a risk of burns or explosions to users.
A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection system was designed, including a sealing unit, a fire extinguishing agent release unit, a cooling unit, and a pressure relief unit. It combines a diaphragm pressure switch and a thermal runaway detection unit to release the fire extinguishing agent automatically and manually, uses a sealing hydrogel for cooling, and a pressure relief valve to filter toxic gases.
It achieves dual protection for lithium-ion batteries, suppresses deflagration impact, reduces the risk of secondary fire, effectively cools and handles toxic gases, and is suitable for different application scenarios.
Smart Images
Figure CN121668601A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire-fighting equipment technology, and in particular to a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag. Background Technology
[0002] When a lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway, it goes through several stages, including internal gas generation, swelling, fireball ejection, and sustained high-temperature combustion. This process not only generates flames exceeding 800°C, but also releases toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen fluoride.
[0003] Traditional fire extinguishing methods mostly use dry powder fire extinguishers or fire blankets. When using dry powder fire extinguishers, they can only extinguish surface flames and cannot effectively cool the battery core, making the battery very easy to reignite. When using fire blankets, they mainly extinguish fires by isolating oxygen, but they cannot cope with the pressure impact and high temperature heat source generated inside the battery. Users are at risk of being burned or injured by explosion during the covering process.
[0004] Therefore, this invention proposes a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, and to propose a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection and fire extinguishing system includes: a sealing unit for placing the lithium-ion battery in a sealed space; a fire extinguishing agent release unit for releasing fire extinguishing agent into the sealed space; a cooling unit for cooling the heated sealed space; a pressure relief unit for depressurizing the pressurized sealed space; and a thermal runaway detection unit for detecting physical deformation and / or temperature anomalies in the lithium-ion battery. When the thermal runaway detection unit detects physical deformation and / or temperature rise in the lithium-ion battery, it controls the fire extinguishing agent release unit to release fire extinguishing agent.
[0008] Preferably, when the thermal runaway detection unit detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery, the component in the thermal runaway detection unit that detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery is a pressure switch.
[0009] Preferably, when the thermal runaway detection unit detects an abnormal temperature in the lithium-ion battery, the condition for detecting the abnormal temperature in the thermal runaway detection unit is that the heating rate is not less than 10°C / second.
[0010] Preferably, the cooling material built into the cooling unit is one of the following: a sealing hydrogel, a phase change material, or a porous material impregnated with coolant.
[0011] Preferably, the thermal runaway detection unit further includes a hydrocarbon sensor, a smoke sensor, and a buzzer. The buzzer is activated to sound an alarm when the hydrocarbon sensor detects a change in the hydrocarbon content in the sealed space, and the fire extinguishing agent release unit is activated when the smoke sensor detects the presence of smoke in the sealed space.
[0012] A fire extinguishing bag for thermal runaway safety protection of lithium-ion batteries, wherein the sealing unit includes a flexible sealing bag body and an explosion-proof inner liner for placing lithium-ion batteries is provided inside the sealing bag body.
[0013] The sealed bag has a traceability code on its outer side;
[0014] The extinguishing agent release unit includes an extinguishing agent storage bladder, which is located between the explosion-proof inner liner and the sealed bag body, with the outlet of the extinguishing agent storage bladder facing the inside of the explosion-proof inner liner.
[0015] The thermal runaway detection unit includes a diaphragm pressure switch fixed on the sealed bag body, and the pressure diaphragm of the diaphragm pressure switch is in contact with the lithium-ion battery;
[0016] The fire extinguishing agent storage bladder has a built-in release device. When the lithium-ion battery bulges, the pressure membrane detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery and controls the release device to release the fire extinguishing agent.
[0017] Preferably, the release device includes a release block installed on the extinguishing agent storage bladder, and a pin is slidably connected inside the release block, the pin facing the contact point between the extinguishing agent storage bladder and the explosion-proof inner liner; wherein, a signal rope is fixedly connected to the pin, and when the pressure diaphragm detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery, the diaphragm pressure switch pulls the signal rope.
[0018] Preferably, it also includes a pull ring placed on the outside of the sealed bag body, the pull ring being connected to the insert pin via an auxiliary rope.
[0019] Preferably, the cooling unit includes multiple sets of cooling medium packs, which are installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof liner.
[0020] Preferably, the pressure relief unit includes a pressure relief valve installed on the sealed bag body. One end of the pressure relief valve is connected to the sealed space and the other end extends to the outside of the sealed bag body. A metal wire mesh filter and an alkaline adsorbent layer are sequentially arranged in the pressure relief pipe of the pressure relief valve along the gas flow direction.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag, which has the following beneficial effects:
[0022] This lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag, through the combination of an explosion-proof inner liner and a diaphragm pressure switch, can detect the swelling of lithium-ion batteries, effectively suppressing the impact of lithium-ion battery deflagration. In conjunction with fire extinguishing agents and cooling medium packs, it provides double protection for lithium-ion batteries, reducing the risk of secondary fires. The pressure relief valve can handle the toxic gases produced by lithium-ion battery deflagration, achieving comprehensive protection. It also adopts both automatic and manual fire extinguishing agent release methods, suitable for different usage scenarios. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag proposed in this invention;
[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and the explosion-proof inner liner of a fire extinguishing bag proposed in this invention;
[0025] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag proposed in this invention;
[0026] Figure 4 This invention provides a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of part A;
[0027] Figure 5 This invention provides a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag. Figure 3 A structural diagram of section B;
[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the signal rope of a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing bag proposed in this invention.
[0029] In the diagram: 1. Sealed bag body; 101. Explosion-proof inner liner; 102. Traceability code; 2. Extinguishing agent storage bladder; 201. Release block; 202. Insert pin; 203. Signal rope; 204. Auxiliary rope; 205. Pull ring; 3. Diaphragm pressure switch; 4. Cooling medium pack; 5. Pressure relief valve. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
[0031] Example 1:
[0032] Reference Figure 1-6A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection and fire extinguishing system, comprising:
[0033] A sealed unit is used to place a lithium-ion battery in a sealed space to prevent heat and harmful gases from escaping.
[0034] The extinguishing agent release unit is used to release the extinguishing agent into a sealed space. The extinguishing agent is perfluoroethyl ketone. The extinguishing agent release unit includes automatic release and manual release.
[0035] The cooling unit is used to cool the heated sealed space. The cooling material built into the cooling unit is one of the following: sealing hydrogel, phase change material or porous material impregnated with coolant. It can rupture when the lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway and heat up, and absorb heat to cool the sealed space.
[0036] The pressure relief unit is used to relieve pressure in the pressurized sealed space. A metal wire mesh filter and an alkaline adsorbent layer are sequentially installed on the pressure relief pipe of the pressure relief unit. The metal wire mesh filter is used to filter large particulate impurities. The alkaline adsorbent layer uses one of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate particles to neutralize the hydrogen fluoride gas released when lithium ions thermally run away.
[0037] A thermal runaway detection unit with a built-in control chip is used to detect physical deformation and / or temperature anomalies in lithium-ion batteries. When the thermal runaway detection unit detects physical deformation and / or temperature rise in the lithium-ion battery, it controls the automatic release of the extinguishing agent by the extinguishing agent release unit. Specifically, when the thermal runaway detection unit detects physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery, the component detecting the physical deformation is a pressure switch, which can be a diaphragm pressure switch or a distributed strain gauge. When the thermal runaway detection unit detects temperature anomalies in the lithium-ion battery, the detection component is a temperature sensor, and the condition for detecting temperature anomalies in the thermal runaway detection unit is a heating rate of not less than 10℃ / second.
[0038] The thermal runaway detection unit also includes a hydrocarbon oxygen sensor, a smoke sensor, and a buzzer. When the hydrocarbon oxygen sensor detects a change in the hydrocarbon oxygen content in the sealed space, the buzzer will sound an alarm. When the smoke sensor detects the presence of smoke in the sealed space, the automatic release mode of the extinguishing agent release unit will be activated.
[0039] After placing the lithium-ion battery in the sealed space of the sealed unit, the sealed space is evacuated, causing the detection end of the pressure switch to contact the lithium-ion battery. The hydrocarbon sensor, smoke sensor, temperature sensor, and pressure switch within the thermal runaway detection unit operate synchronously. Upon detecting an abnormality in the lithium-ion battery, the corresponding fire extinguishing agent release unit is activated to release the fire extinguishing agent. Specifically:
[0040] When a lithium-ion battery bulges, the pressure switch is subjected to the squeezing force of the lithium-ion battery. When the pressure reaches the threshold, it indicates that the lithium-ion battery is in a state of thermal runaway. The control chip simultaneously activates the buzzer and the automatic release mode of the fire extinguishing agent release unit to release the fire extinguishing agent into the sealed space.
[0041] When the temperature of the lithium-ion battery changes, and the temperature sensor detects a temperature change in the sealed space greater than 10℃ / second, it indicates that the lithium-ion battery is in a thermal runaway state. The control chip then simultaneously activates the buzzer and the automatic release mode of the fire extinguishing agent release unit to release the fire extinguishing agent into the sealed space.
[0042] When the hydrocarbon sensor detects an abnormal change in the hydrocarbon content of the sealed space, the lithium-ion battery is in the early stage of thermal runaway. The buzzer is activated to alert the user. At this time, the user can release the fire extinguishing agent manually through the fire extinguishing agent release unit. When the smoke sensor detects a change in smoke in the sealed space, the lithium-ion battery is in the middle stage of thermal runaway. The control chip determines that no user is operating the system and activates the buzzer and the automatic release mode of the fire extinguishing agent release unit to release the fire extinguishing agent into the sealed space.
[0043] The released fire extinguishing agent, perfluoroethyl ketone, vaporizes and fills the sealed space for fire extinguishing. At the same time, the sealed hydrogel package of the cooling unit ruptures when heated, the water evaporates, and absorbs a large amount of heat, providing continuous and deep cooling for the lithium-ion battery.
[0044] Meanwhile, when the pressure inside the sealed space is high, the high-pressure gas is safely discharged from the pressure relief unit after being filtered to remove large particulate impurities and adsorbed hydrogen fluoride gas.
[0045] Example 2:
[0046] Reference Figure 1-6 A fire extinguishing bag for thermal runaway safety protection of lithium-ion batteries, the sealing unit includes a flexible sealing bag body 1, which is made of ceramic fiber cloth. The sealing bag body 1 is provided with an explosion-proof inner liner 101 for placing lithium-ion batteries. The explosion-proof inner liner 101 is made of aramid material. One end of the sealing bag body 1 and the explosion-proof inner liner 101 is open for placing lithium-ion batteries. After being placed, the bag is sealed by a self-locking rolled edge sealing structure to form a sealed space.
[0047] Among them, the outer side of the sealed bag body 1 is provided with a traceability code 102, which is used to record the production information of the fire extinguishing bag;
[0048] The extinguishing agent release unit includes an extinguishing agent storage bladder 2, which is located between the explosion-proof inner liner 101 and the sealed bag body 1. The outlet of the extinguishing agent storage bladder 2 faces the inside of the explosion-proof inner liner 101, and the extinguishing agent in the extinguishing agent storage bladder 2 is perfluoroethyl ketone.
[0049] The thermal runaway detection unit includes a diaphragm pressure switch 3 fixed on the sealed bag body 1, and the pressure diaphragm of the diaphragm pressure switch 3 is in contact with the lithium-ion battery;
[0050] The fire extinguishing agent storage bladder 2 has a built-in release device. When the lithium-ion battery bulges, the pressure membrane detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery and controls the release device to release the fire extinguishing agent.
[0051] The release device includes a release block 201 installed on the extinguishing agent storage bladder 2. A pin 202 is slidably connected inside the release block 201, with the pin 202 facing the contact point between the extinguishing agent storage bladder 2 and the explosion-proof inner liner 101. A signal rope 203 is fixedly connected to the pin 202. When the pressure diaphragm detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery, the diaphragm pressure switch 3 pulls the signal rope 203.
[0052] It also includes a pull ring 205 placed on the outside of the sealed bag body 1, and the pull ring 205 is connected to the insert pin 202 by an auxiliary rope 204.
[0053] The cooling unit includes multiple sets of cooling medium packs 4, which are installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof inner liner 101. The cooling material of the cooling medium pack 4 is one of the following: sealing hydrogel, phase change material, or porous material impregnated with coolant. It can rupture and absorb heat when the lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway and temperature rise, thereby cooling the sealed space.
[0054] The pressure relief unit includes a pressure relief valve 5 installed on the sealed bag body 1. One end of the pressure relief valve 5 is connected to the sealed space and the other end extends to the outside of the sealed bag body 1. A metal wire mesh filter and an alkaline adsorbent layer are arranged sequentially in the pressure relief pipe of the pressure relief valve 5 along the gas flow direction. The adsorbent material of the alkaline adsorbent layer is one of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate particles.
[0055] When using this device, a lithium-ion battery is placed through the opening of the explosion-proof inner liner 101 and sealed by the self-locking rolled edge sealing structure to form a sealed space. The gas in the sealed space is then extracted so that the pressure diaphragm of the diaphragm pressure switch 3 adheres to the outer wall of the lithium-ion battery.
[0056] The diaphragm pressure switch 3 detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery. When the lithium-ion battery bulges, the pressure diaphragm of the diaphragm pressure switch 3 is subjected to the squeezing force of the lithium-ion battery. When the pressure reaches the threshold, it indicates that the lithium-ion battery is in a thermal runaway state. At this time, the internal mechanical transmission structure of the diaphragm pressure switch 3 controls the needle 202 to slide towards the fire extinguishing agent storage bladder 2 by pulling the signal rope 203, and punctures the fire extinguishing agent storage bladder 2, so that perfluoroethyl ketone enters the explosion-proof inner liner 101. The perfluoroethyl ketone will vaporize and fill the sealed space for fire extinguishing. At the same time, the sealing hydrogel bag in the cooling medium bag 4 on the inner wall of the explosion-proof inner liner 101 is ruptured by heat, the water evaporates, and a large amount of heat is absorbed, which continuously and deeply cools the lithium-ion battery.
[0057] At the same time, when the pressure inside the sealed space is high, the high-pressure gas is safely discharged from the pressure relief valve 5 after filtering out large particulate impurities and adsorbing hydrogen fluoride gas.
[0058] Furthermore, if a user discovers an abnormality in a lithium-ion battery, they can place it in a fire extinguishing bag, seal it, and manually pull the ring 205 to puncture the extinguishing agent release sac 2 with the needle 202, releasing the extinguishing agent to begin fire extinguishing operations.
[0059] It should be noted that the manual method can also be achieved by using a button. The button is located at the bottom of the sealed bag 1 and connected to the needle 202. By pressing the button forcefully, the needle 202 punctures the extinguishing agent release sac 2, releasing the extinguishing agent to carry out the fire extinguishing work.
[0060] This invention, through the combination of an explosion-proof inner liner 101 and a diaphragm pressure switch 3, can detect the swelling of lithium-ion batteries, effectively suppressing the impact of lithium-ion battery deflagration. In conjunction with fire extinguishing agents and cooling medium packs 4, it provides double protection for lithium-ion batteries, reducing the risk of secondary fires. The pressure relief valve 5 can handle the toxic gases generated by lithium-ion battery deflagration, achieving comprehensive protection. It also employs both automatic and manual methods to release fire extinguishing agents, making it suitable for different usage scenarios.
[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety shield fire extinguishing system, characterized in that, include: A sealing unit is used to place a lithium-ion battery within a sealed space. A fire extinguishing agent release unit is used to release fire extinguishing agent into the sealed space; A cooling unit is used to cool the heated sealed space; A pressure relief unit is used to relieve the pressure in the sealed space that has been pressurized; Thermal runaway detection unit, used to detect physical deformation and / or temperature anomalies in lithium-ion batteries; When the thermal runaway detection unit detects physical deformation and / or temperature rise of the lithium-ion battery, it controls the fire extinguishing agent release unit to release the fire extinguishing agent.
2. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety shield fire extinguishing system of claim 1, wherein, When the thermal runaway detection unit detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery, the component in the thermal runaway detection unit that detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery is a pressure switch.
3. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety shield fire extinguishing system of claim 1, wherein, When the thermal runaway detection unit detects an abnormal temperature in the lithium-ion battery, the condition for detecting the abnormal temperature in the thermal runaway detection unit is that the heating rate is not less than 10°C / second.
4. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety shield fire extinguishing system of claim 1, wherein, The cooling material built into the cooling unit is one of the following: a sealing hydrogel, a phase change material, or a porous material impregnated with coolant.
5. The lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety shield fire extinguishing system of claim 1, wherein, The thermal runaway detection unit also includes a hydrocarbon oxygen sensor, a smoke sensor, and a buzzer. When the hydrocarbon oxygen sensor detects a change in the hydrocarbon oxygen content in the sealed space, the buzzer is activated to sound an alarm. When the smoke sensor detects the presence of smoke in the sealed space, the fire extinguishing agent release unit is activated.
6. A fire extinguishing bag for use in the lithium-ion battery thermal runaway safety protection fire extinguishing system as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The sealing unit includes a flexible sealing bag (1), and the sealing bag (1) is provided with an explosion-proof inner liner (101) for placing a lithium-ion battery. The sealed bag (1) has a traceability code (102) on its outer side. The extinguishing agent release unit includes an extinguishing agent storage bladder (2), which is located between the explosion-proof inner liner (101) and the sealed bag body (1), and the outlet of the extinguishing agent storage bladder (2) faces the inside of the explosion-proof inner liner (101). The thermal runaway detection unit includes a diaphragm pressure switch (3) fixed on a sealed bag (1), and the pressure diaphragm of the diaphragm pressure switch (3) is in contact with the lithium-ion battery; The fire extinguishing agent storage bladder (2) has a built-in release device. When the lithium-ion battery bulges, the pressure membrane detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery and controls the release device to release the fire extinguishing agent.
7. The Li-ion battery thermal runaway safety shield fire extinguishing bag of claim 6, wherein, The release device includes a release block (201) installed on the extinguishing agent storage bladder (2), and a pin (202) is slidably connected inside the release block (201). The pin (202) is directed toward the contact point between the extinguishing agent storage bladder (2) and the explosion-proof inner liner (101). The pin (202) is fixedly connected to a signal rope (203). When the pressure diaphragm detects the physical deformation of the lithium-ion battery, the diaphragm pressure switch (3) pulls the signal rope (203).
8. The Li-ion battery thermal runaway safety shield fire extinguishing bag of claim 7, wherein, It also includes a pull ring (205) placed on the outside of the sealed bag body (1), the pull ring (205) being connected to the insert (202) by an auxiliary rope (204).
9. The Li-ion battery thermal runaway safety shield fire extinguishing pouch of claim 6, wherein, The cooling unit includes multiple sets of cooling medium packs (4), which are installed on the inner wall of the explosion-proof inner liner (101).
10. The Li-ion battery thermal runaway safety shield fire extinguishing bag of claim 6, wherein, The pressure relief unit comprises a pressure relief valve (5) installed on the sealed bag body (1), one end of the pressure relief valve (5) communicates with the sealed space, the other end extends to the outside of the sealed bag body (1), and a wire mesh filter and an alkaline adsorbent layer are sequentially arranged in the pressure relief pipeline of the pressure relief valve (5) along the gas flow direction.