Transparent restraint layer suitable for laser shock and laser shock forming method and device of metal plate

By combining a three-layer transparent constraint layer with a model predictive control algorithm, the problems of constraint layer failure and energy consistency in laser shock forming technology under low temperature and high altitude conditions were solved, achieving high-precision and stable metal sheet forming results.

CN121670156APending Publication Date: 2026-03-17HEBEI UNIV OF TECH
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202610124310.7
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2026-01-29
Publication Date
2026-03-17

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing laser shock forming technology suffers from problems such as constraint layer failure, insufficient energy consistency, and difficulty in real-time control of residual stress distribution under conditions of low temperature, high altitude, and multiple laser heads operating in parallel, resulting in low forming consistency and efficiency.

Method used

A three-layer transparent constraint layer (polyurea-polyurethane elastomer, nanofluid, and hydrogel layer) combined with a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is used to achieve stable transmission of impact pressure waveform and multi-physics closed-loop feedback, ensuring the synergistic optimization of laser energy density, scanning speed, and hydrogel flow rate.

Benefits of technology

The system achieves improved stability of the impact pressure spectrum and improved forming accuracy under extreme conditions, reduces sub-region morphology differences and springback risk, and improves batch production efficiency and forming consistency.

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Abstract

The invention provides a transparent restraint layer suitable for laser shock and a laser shock forming method and device of a metal plate, belongs to the technical field of metal plate laser processing, and aims to solve the technical problem of failure of the restraint layer in a low-temperature environment. The forming method comprises the steps that an absorption layer and a transparent restraint layer are sequentially laid on the surface of a to-be-impacted workpiece, and the transparent restraint layer sequentially comprises a polyurea-polyurethane elastomer layer, a nanofluid layer and a hydrogel layer in the direction close to the to-be-impacted workpiece to the direction away from the to-be-impacted workpiece; a single-laser-head or multi-laser-head array is adopted to implement pulse impact, and a temperature-stress-displacement multi-physical-field closed loop is constructed through displacement sensing, temperature sensing and ultrasonic stress sensing; and the industrial controller operates a model prediction control algorithm to perform linkage optimization on the laser energy density E, the scanning speed v and the hydrogel layer volume flow q. Compared with an existing double-layer constraint and double-feedback scheme, the method has remarkable technical progress in the aspects of low-temperature stability, array consistency and forming consistency.
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