Gear bushing press fitting and bushing inner hole shaping tool

By integrating floating supports and pressing mechanisms into a gear press-fitting fixture, the problem of bushing inner hole deformation was solved, achieving efficient integration of bushing press-fitting and inner hole shaping, thus improving production efficiency and product quality.

CN121670313APending Publication Date: 2026-03-17CHANGSHU HUADE POWDER METALLURGY CO LTD
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2026-01-19
Publication Date
2026-03-17

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In the existing gear bushing press-fitting process, the inner hole of the bushing is prone to deformation due to interference fit, resulting in a reduction in inner diameter or out-of-roundness. This requires a separate shaping process, which affects production efficiency and product quality stability.

Method used

Design a gear pressing fixture that integrates a floating support mechanism and a pressing mechanism. The inner hole of the bushing is extruded and shaped by the shaping protrusion of the upper mandrel during the pressing process, ensuring that the inner hole size and shape meet the design requirements, thus eliminating the need for a separate shaping step.

Benefits of technology

This technology enables bushing pressing and inner hole shaping to be completed in a single operation, improving production efficiency, ensuring consistency in inner hole size and roundness, and guaranteeing product quality stability and smooth continuous production.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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    Figure CN121670313A_ABST
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Abstract

The invention discloses a tool for press fitting of a gear bushing and shaping of an inner hole of the bushing. The tool comprises a floating supporting mechanism and a pressing mechanism located above the floating supporting mechanism. The floating supporting mechanism positions the gear and the lining through a positioning sleeve capable of elastically ascending and descending and a lower core rod correspondingly. The pressing mechanism comprises a fixing sleeve, a slidable pushing sleeve and an upper core rod, and the upper core rod is provided with a shaping protruding part and connected with a power device. During working, the upper core rod descends to drive the push sleeve to press the lining into the gear inner hole, the shaping convex part extrudes and shapes the lining inner hole, and press fitting and shaping are completed through one-time action. The minimum diameter of the inner cavity of the fixing sleeve is smaller than the addendum circle diameter of the gear, the gear assembly is forcibly blocked and separated during return stroke of the upper core rod, and reliable demolding is achieved. The problem that secondary shaping is needed for shrinkage of the inner hole of the bush in the traditional process is effectively solved, the integration degree is high, and the assembling efficiency and the product consistency are remarkably improved.
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Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy part assembly, in particular to a gear press-fitting tool for press-fitting a bushing into a gear inner hole and simultaneously completing the inner hole shaping of the bushing. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the manufacturing process of some gear products, a bushing (a ring structure part with sealing and wear protection functions) needs to be press-fitted into the center hole of the gear. Due to assembly requirements, the bushing and the gear inner hole are usually in interference fit, that is, the outer diameter of the bushing is slightly larger than the diameter of the gear inner hole. In the traditional press-fitting process, the bushing is subjected to radial extrusion, and the inner hole of the bushing will inevitably produce shrinkage deformation, resulting in a decrease in the inner diameter size or a loss of shape roundness, which is difficult to meet the subsequent size and shape tolerance requirements.

[0003] At present, the common gear bushing assembly tool has a single function, mainly used to complete the press-in action. After assembly, the deformed bushing inner hole usually needs a separate shaping process (such as using a special mandrel for secondary extrusion) for repair. This approach not only increases the additional operation steps and equipment investment, reduces the production efficiency, but also may introduce errors due to secondary positioning, affecting the coaxiality and quality stability of the final product. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a gear press-fitting tool that can complete the press-in and inner hole shaping of the bushing in one press-fitting action, effectively prevent the shrinkage of the bushing inner hole, and ensure that the bushing inner hole meets the design size requirements immediately after assembly, thereby eliminating the need for subsequent separate shaping processes and improving assembly efficiency and product consistency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0006] A gear bushing press-fitting and bushing inner hole shaping tool, comprising a floating support mechanism and a lower pressing mechanism arranged above the floating support mechanism;

[0007] The floating support mechanism comprises a support table, the inside of the support table is provided with a lower mandrel movement cavity, a positioning sleeve is slidably installed in the lower mandrel movement cavity, a positioning sleeve elastic component (such as a spring) is sleeved on the positioning sleeve, the positioning sleeve elastic component makes the top end of the positioning sleeve extend out of the upper surface of the support table in the natural state; a lower mandrel is slidably arranged in the inside of the positioning sleeve, the lower mandrel is provided with a lower mandrel elastic component (such as a spring), the lower mandrel elastic component makes the top end of the lower mandrel extend out of the upper surface of the positioning sleeve in the natural state; the outer diameter of the lower mandrel is set according to the inner hole diameter of the bushing to be assembled, for initial positioning of the bushing; the outer diameter of the positioning sleeve is set according to the inner hole diameter of the gear, for initial positioning of the gear.

[0008] The pressing mechanism includes a fixed sleeve with an upper mandrel movement cavity inside. A push sleeve is slidably disposed within the upper mandrel movement cavity, and an elastic component (such as a spring) is fitted on the push sleeve. The elastic component allows the bottom end of the push sleeve to retract into the fixed sleeve in its natural state. An upper mandrel is slidably disposed within the push sleeve, and the bottom end of the upper mandrel can extend downwards beyond the bottom of the push sleeve, and can drive the push sleeve to extend downwards along with the fixed sleeve during pressing. The upper mandrel is connected to a power device (such as a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or servo press) to drive the upper mandrel to move up and down. The upper mandrel has a shaping protrusion, the outer diameter of which is set according to the standard (target) diameter of the bushing inner hole, and is used to squeeze and shape it when passing through the bushing inner hole.

[0009] The working process of this tooling is as follows: Before assembly, the gear is fitted onto the positioning sleeve, and the bushing is fitted onto the lower mandrel. The power unit is activated to drive the upper mandrel downwards. The upper mandrel first extends downwards from the bottom of the push sleeve, contacting and pushing the bushing and lower mandrel downwards. Subsequently, the upper mandrel drives the push sleeve to overcome the elastic force of the push sleeve's elastic component and move downwards. The bottom of the push sleeve pushes the bushing, smoothly pressing it into the inner hole of the gear, completing the press-fitting process. During this process, the shaping protrusion on the upper mandrel passes through the inner hole of the bushing and finally sits below the gear assembly (the gear and the bushing pressed into it).

[0010] After pressing, the power unit drives the upper mandrel to rise. Initially, the shaping protrusion interferes with the shrinking inner hole of the bushing after pressing, causing the gear assembly to rise and disengage from the floating support mechanism. When the push sleeve returns to its original position under the action of the elastic component, fully retracting into the fixed sleeve, the upper mandrel continues to rise, its shaping protrusion passing through the inner hole of the bushing with an interference fit, completing the pressing and shaping of the bushing's inner hole. After shaping, the gear assembly detaches from the bottom of the push sleeve under its own weight.

[0011] To address the problem in actual production where the use of lubricating oil / grease can cause gear components to adhere to the bottom of the push sleeve and fail to detach smoothly, this invention further improves upon the following: At the lower end of the fixed sleeve, the minimum inner diameter of the upper mandrel moving cavity of the fixed sleeve is set to be smaller than the tip circle diameter of the gear. Thus, during the process of the push sleeve rising and resetting, as its bottom end is about to completely retract into the inner cavity of the fixed sleeve, the inner wall of the lower end of the fixed sleeve (or a specially designed constriction structure) will block and scrape the outer edge of the gear, forcing it to separate from the bottom of the push sleeve. This ensures the gear assembly falls reliably and prevents adhesion problems caused by lubricating oil / grease.

[0012] Furthermore, the minimum inner diameter of the upper mandrel's moving cavity is 1-2 mm smaller than the tip circle diameter of the gear.

[0013] As another specific structure, the overall diameter of the upper mandrel moving cavity is larger than the tooth tip circle diameter of the gear, but two opposing pushing planes are machined on its inner wall. The distance between these two planes is 1~2mm smaller than the tooth tip circle diameter of the gear. Correspondingly, the outer wall of the push sleeve is also machined with a tangent plane that slides in cooperation with the pushing plane.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the push sleeve is provided with a boss, the outer diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the gear but larger than the inner diameter of the bushing, thereby pushing the end face of the bushing during pressing and controlling the depth of the bushing pressed into the inner hole of the gear.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper mandrel includes a larger diameter pushing section and a smaller diameter insertion section, with the shaping protrusion disposed on the insertion section. The bottom of the push sleeve has a push sleeve through hole for the insertion section to pass through.

[0016] Furthermore, the elastic component of the push sleeve is a first spring, and a push sleeve limiting protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the push sleeve. The first spring is supported between the push sleeve limiting protrusion and the fixed sleeve.

[0017] Furthermore, the upper mandrel movement cavity of the fixed sleeve is provided with a spring receiving cavity for accommodating the first spring.

[0018] Furthermore, the elastic component of the positioning sleeve is a second spring, and a positioning sleeve limiting protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the positioning sleeve, with the second spring supported at the bottom of the positioning sleeve limiting protrusion.

[0019] Furthermore, the elastic component of the lower core rod is a third spring, which is supported at the bottom of the lower core rod.

[0020] Furthermore, a lower mandrel limiting protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the lower mandrel, and a lower mandrel limiting protrusion moving cavity is provided inside the positioning sleeve for the lower mandrel limiting protrusion to move.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. This invention integrates the two processes of bushing pressing and inner hole shaping into a single pressing action, eliminating the need for a separate subsequent shaping step, significantly reducing operational steps and improving production efficiency.

[0023] 2. By setting a shaping protrusion on the upper mandrel that matches the target inner hole size of the bushing, the inner hole of the bushing can be squeezed and shaped after the bushing is press-fitted, which effectively offsets the shrinkage deformation of the inner hole caused by interference fit, and ensures that the inner hole size and roundness of the bushing meet the design requirements in one go.

[0024] 3. The lower mandrel and positioning sleeve in the floating support mechanism are used to perform initial precise positioning of the bushing and gear respectively. Combined with the boss at the bottom of the push sleeve to control the pressing depth, the accuracy of the assembly position is ensured, and the consistency and quality stability of the product are improved.

[0025] 4. By setting the minimum inner diameter of the upper mandrel moving cavity of the fixed sleeve to be smaller than the tooth tip circle diameter of the gear, or by setting a specific planar structure, the gear components that may adhere are forcibly separated during the return stroke, thus achieving reliable automatic demolding and ensuring the smoothness of continuous production. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the upper part of the floating support mechanism.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing mechanism.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gear pressing fixture.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the initial positioning and assembly state of the gear press-fitting fixture.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the state when the gear pressing fixture has completed pressing and the upper mandrel has begun its return stroke.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the single return stroke of the upper mandrel in the gear press-fitting fixture.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the radial cross-section structure of the fixed sleeve.

[0034] Explanation of markings in the diagram:

[0035] G - Gear; S - Bushing;

[0036] 1-Support platform;

[0037] 2-Positioning sleeve; 201-Positioning sleeve limiting protrusion;

[0038] 3-Second spring (elastic component of positioning sleeve);

[0039] 4-Lower mandrel; 401-Lower mandrel limiting protrusion;

[0040] 5-Third spring (lower core rod elastic component);

[0041] 6-Fixing sleeve; 602-Spring receiving cavity; 603-Pushing plane;

[0042] 7-Push sleeve; 701-Push sleeve limiting protrusion; 703-Boss;

[0043] 8-First spring (elastic push sleeve component);

[0044] 9-Upper mandrel; 901-Pushing section; 902-Insertion section; 903-Shaping protrusion;

[0045] W - The distance between the pushing planes inside the fixed sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] like Figures 1-6 As shown, a tooling for pressing and shaping gear bushing inner hole includes a lower floating support mechanism and an upper pressing mechanism.

[0048] The floating support mechanism includes a support platform 1. A lower mandrel movement cavity is formed inside the support platform 1. A positioning sleeve 2 is slidably installed within the lower mandrel movement cavity. A positioning sleeve limiting protrusion 201 is provided on the outer wall of the positioning sleeve 2. A second spring 3, acting as an elastic component of the positioning sleeve, is supported at the bottom of the positioning sleeve limiting protrusion 201, allowing the top of the positioning sleeve 2 to extend beyond the upper surface of the support platform 1 in its natural state. The outer diameter of the positioning sleeve 2 is set according to the inner hole size of the gear G to be assembled, and is used to place and initially position the gear G.

[0049] The lower mandrel 4 is slidably disposed inside the positioning sleeve 2. A lower mandrel limiting protrusion 401 is provided on the outer wall of the lower mandrel 4, and a corresponding moving cavity for the lower mandrel limiting protrusion is provided inside the positioning sleeve 2 for its movement. A third spring 5, as an elastic component of the lower mandrel, is disposed inside the positioning sleeve 2, supporting the bottom of the lower mandrel 4, so that the top of the lower mandrel 4 extends beyond the upper surface of the positioning sleeve 2 in its natural state. The outer diameter of the lower mandrel 4 is set according to the inner hole size of the bushing S to be assembled, and is used to place and initially position the bushing S.

[0050] The pressing mechanism includes a fixed sleeve 6, which has an upper mandrel movement cavity inside. A push sleeve 7 is slidably disposed within the upper mandrel movement cavity. A push sleeve limiting protrusion 701 is provided on the outer wall of the push sleeve 7. A first spring 8, as an elastic component of the push sleeve, is sleeved on the push sleeve 7, located within the spring receiving cavity 602, and supported between the push sleeve limiting protrusion 701 and the stepped surface inside the fixed sleeve 6, allowing the bottom end of the push sleeve 7 to retract into the fixed sleeve 6 in its natural state. A push sleeve through hole is provided at the center of the bottom of the push sleeve 7, and a ring of protrusions 703 is provided around the bottom edge. The outer diameter of the protrusions 703 is smaller than the inner diameter of the gear G but larger than the inner diameter of the bushing S.

[0051] The upper mandrel 9 is slidably disposed within the push sleeve 7. The upper mandrel 9 is connected to an external power unit (such as a cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or servo press, not shown in the figure). The upper mandrel 9 includes an upper pushing section 901 and a lower insertion section 902. The diameter of the insertion section 902 is smaller than that of the pushing section 901 and can pass through the through hole of the push sleeve. A shaping protrusion 903 with an enlarged outer diameter is provided on the insertion section 902, the outer diameter of which is set according to the standard (target) diameter of the inner hole of the bushing S.

[0052] The work process is as follows:

[0053] Initial state: Gear G is fitted onto positioning sleeve 2, and bushing S is fitted onto lower mandrel 4.

[0054] Pressing and Pre-shaping: The power unit drives the upper mandrel 9 to descend. The insertion section 902 of the upper mandrel 9 first extends downward from the bottom of the push sleeve 7, contacting and pushing the lower mandrel 4 to descend against the elastic force of the third spring 5. Subsequently, the lower end of the pushing section 901 of the upper mandrel 9 contacts the push sleeve 7, causing the push sleeve 7 to descend together against the elastic force of the first spring 8. The descending push sleeve 7 uses its bottom boss 703 to push the bushing S, pressing it into the inner hole of the gear G, completing the press-fitting action. After this process, the shaping protrusion 903 of the upper mandrel 9 is located below the bushing S through the inner hole of the bushing S.

[0055] Return and Final Shaping: After pressing into place, the power unit drives the upper mandrel 9 to rise. In the initial stage, due to the interference between the shaping protrusion 903 and the possibly slightly deformed inner hole of the bushing S, the entire gear assembly (G+S) is driven upward by the upper mandrel 9, disengaging from the floating support mechanism. When the push sleeve 7 returns to its bottom end under the action of the first spring 8 and is about to completely retract into the fixed sleeve 6, the gear assembly is blocked by the push sleeve 7, while the upper mandrel 9 continues to rise, and its shaping protrusion 903 completely and forcibly passes through the inner hole of the bushing S, completing the compression shaping of the inner hole of the bushing S. After shaping, the gear assembly falls from below the fixed sleeve 6 under its own weight, completing one work cycle.

[0056] Example 2:

[0057] The main difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the minimum inner diameter D of the upper mandrel moving cavity of the fixed sleeve 6 is set to be smaller than the tooth tip circle diameter of the gear G to be assembled. Preferably, D is 1~2mm smaller than the tooth tip circle diameter of the gear G.

[0058] The main difference between its working process and that of Example 1 is that during the return stroke, the outer edge of the gear G is blocked by the lower inner wall (diameter D) of the fixed sleeve 6, forcing it to disengage from the bottom of the push sleeve 7. At this time, the gear assembly is blocked by the fixed sleeve 6, while the upper mandrel 9 continues to rise, and its shaping protrusion 903 passes completely and forcibly through the inner hole of the bushing S, completing the extrusion and shaping of the inner hole of the bushing S.

[0059] Example 3:

[0060] The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 lies in the specific form of the anti-adhesion demolding structure.

[0061] In this embodiment, as Figure 7 As shown, the overall diameter of the upper mandrel moving cavity of the fixed sleeve 6 is larger than the tip circle diameter of the gear G. However, two opposing, axially extending pushing planes 603 are machined on its inner wall. The distance W between these two pushing planes 603 is smaller than the tip circle diameter of the gear G; preferably, W is 1-2 mm smaller than the tip circle diameter of the gear G.

[0062] Correspondingly, two slidable edges that cooperate with the pushing plane 603 are also machined on the outer wall of the push sleeve 7.

[0063] Its working process is similar to that of Example 2. During the return stroke, since the distance W is smaller than the tip circle diameter of the gear G, the outer edge of the gear G is blocked by two pushing planes 603, thereby achieving forced separation of the gear assembly and the push sleeve 7. The subsequent shaping and demolding processes are the same as in Example 2.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tool for press fitting a gear bushing and for sizing the bore of the bushing, characterized by, The floating support mechanism comprises a support table (1), and a pressing mechanism arranged above the support table (1); The floating support mechanism comprises a support table (1), and a pressing mechanism arranged above the support table (1); The floating support mechanism comprises a support table (1), and a pressing mechanism arranged above the support table (1); 2. A tool for press fitting a gear bushing and sizing the bore of the bushing according to claim 1, wherein, The floating support mechanism comprises a support table (1), and a pressing mechanism arranged above the support table (1); 3. A tool for press fitting a gear bushing and sizing the bore of the bushing according to claim 2, wherein, The floating support mechanism comprises a support table (1), and a pressing mechanism arranged above the support table (1); 4. The tool for press fitting and honing of gear bushing according to claim 1, wherein The floating support mechanism comprises a support table (1), and a pressing mechanism arranged above the support table (1); 5. The tool for press fitting and honing of gear bushing according to claim 1, wherein The floating support mechanism comprises a support table (1), and a pressing mechanism arranged above the support table (1); 6. A tool for press fitting and bore sizing of a gear bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating support mechanism comprises a support table (1), and a pressing mechanism arranged above the support table (1); 7. A tool for press fitting and bore sizing of a gear bushing according to claim 1, wherein The floating support mechanism comprises a support table (1), and a pressing mechanism arranged above the support table (1); 8. 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The 9. A tool for press fitting and bore sizing of a gear bushing according to claim 1, wherein, The lower core rod elastic component is a third spring (5), and the third spring (5) is supported at the bottom of the lower core rod (4).

10. The tool for press fitting and honing of gear bushing according to claim 1, wherein The outer wall of the lower core rod (4) is provided with a lower core rod limiting protrusion (401), and the positioning sleeve (2) is provided with a lower core rod limiting protrusion movement cavity for movement of the lower core rod limiting protrusion (401).