Corrosion-resistant anti-fatigue thrust rod and forging process thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a corrosion-resistant anti-fatigue thrust rod and a forging process of the corrosion-resistant anti-fatigue thrust rod. The composite material comprises the following raw materials: 60 to 70 parts of an aluminum lithium alloy, 8 to 12 parts of Al-V alloy powder, 2 to 4 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 0.5 to 1.2 parts of magnesium powder, 0.1 to 0.3 part of zirconium powder, 3 to 6 parts of a core-shell type Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano SiO2 modifier, 10 to 15 parts of a graphene grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, 1.5 to 3 parts of a vulcanizing agent, 4 to 7 parts of a filling agent, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of a silane coupling agent and 1 to 2 parts of a composite anti-aging agent. The obtained thrust rod has excellent corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, and meanwhile has good strength, light weight performance, vibration buffering effect and weather resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thrust rod technology, specifically to a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component for transmitting loads and buffering vibrations, thrust rods are widely used in automobiles, construction machinery, heavy trucks, and other fields. Their performance directly determines the operational stability and service life of the equipment. With the trend of lightweight and long-life equipment, the industry has placed higher demands on the comprehensive performance of thrust rods, requiring them to achieve lightweight while taking into account core functions such as high strength, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, and vibration buffering.

[0003] Existing thrust rods mostly use a single metal material or a simple metal-rubber composite structure. Although they can meet basic usage requirements, they often suffer from insufficient synergy between corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance under complex working conditions. Furthermore, some products struggle to achieve a good balance between lightweight, toughness, and vibration damping, leading to wear, corrosion, or metal-rubber peeling during long-term service, which limits the application range of thrust rods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process, so as to obtain a lightweight, corrosion-resistant, fatigue-resistant, high-strength thrust rod with good vibration damping effect.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This application discloses a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod, which, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 60-70 parts of aluminum-lithium alloy, 8-12 parts of Al-V alloy powder, 2-4 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 0.5-1.2 parts of magnesium powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of zirconium powder, 3-6 parts of core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier, 10-15 parts of graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, 1.5-3 parts of vulcanizing agent, 4-7 parts of filler, 1.5-2.5 parts of silane coupling agent, and 1-2 parts of composite anti-aging agent.

[0006] By implementing the above technical solutions, the aluminum-lithium alloy provides a lightweight foundation and core strength support for the thrust rod. Al-V alloy powder, electrolytic copper powder, magnesium powder, and zirconium powder work together to improve the strength and toughness of the thrust rod by refining grains, forming reinforcing phases, and pinning grain boundaries. The core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier can enhance the corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the thrust rod. Graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer gives the thrust rod excellent vibration damping performance. The vulcanizing agent can achieve rubber cross-linking and shaping, the filler can optimize the processing performance of the material, the silane coupling agent can strengthen the interfacial bonding strength between the metal and rubber, and the composite anti-aging agent delays the material aging of the thrust rod. Ultimately, the thrust rod has both excellent corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, as well as good strength, lightweight performance, vibration damping effect, and weather resistance.

[0007] Preferably, the aluminum-lithium alloy uses aluminum-lithium alloy powder with a particle size of 10-50 μm, wherein the mass fraction of lithium is 1.5%-2.0%; the Al-V alloy powder has a particle size of 20-50 μm, wherein the mass fraction of V is 30%-40%.

[0008] By setting the above technical solutions, the lithium mass fraction in the aluminum-lithium alloy powder is 1.5%-2.0%, which can provide a lightweight foundation and core strength support for the thrust rod metal matrix. Its 10-50μm particle size is conducive to uniform dispersion during the melting process. The V mass fraction in the Al-V alloy powder is 30%-40%, which can effectively form Al3V precipitates to refine the grains. Its 20-50μm particle size is convenient for synergistic mixing and dispersion with the aluminum-lithium alloy powder. The combination of the two can synergistically improve the strength, toughness and fatigue resistance of the thrust rod metal matrix.

[0009] Preferably, the electrolytic copper powder has a particle size of 10-30 μm, the magnesium powder has a particle size of 15-40 μm, the zirconium powder has a particle size of 15-40 μm, the sulfiding agent is sulfur or dicumyl peroxide, the filler is calcium carbonate or talc, the silane coupling agent is one of KH-550, KH-560 or KH-570, and the composite anti-aging agent is a mixture of hindered amine anti-aging agent (anti-aging agent 770) and ultraviolet absorber (UV-531) in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0010] By setting up the above technical solutions, the particle size compatibility of electrolytic copper powder, magnesium powder, and zirconium powder is conducive to their uniform dispersion in the metal matrix of the thrust rod. They synergistically improve the strength and toughness of the matrix by forming a reinforcing phase and pinning grain boundaries, respectively. Sulfur or diisopropylbenzene peroxide can achieve rubber cross-linking and shaping, calcium carbonate or talc can optimize processing performance, one of the silane coupling agents KH-550, KH-560 or KH-570 can strengthen the interfacial bonding between metal and rubber, and the composite anti-aging agent formed by mixing anti-aging agent 770 and ultraviolet absorber UV-531 in a mass ratio of 3:1 can effectively delay the aging of materials. The synergistic effect of each component can give the thrust rod good structural stability, processing adaptability and weather resistance.

[0011] Preferably, the raw materials of the core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy-coated nano-SiO2 modifier include: Al-Ca-In alloy powder, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and ethanol-water mixture; the Al-Ca-In alloy powder is composed of aluminum powder, calcium particles, and indium particles in a mass ratio of (90-95):(4-6):(2-4), and the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate is 10%-15% of the mass of Al-Ca-In alloy powder; the ethanol-water mixture is composed of ethanol and water in a volume ratio of 3:1, and the mass-volume ratio of Al-Ca-In alloy powder to ethanol-water mixture is 1g:5mL.

[0012] By setting up the above technical solution, Al-Ca-In alloy powder composed of aluminum powder, calcium particles, and indium particles serves as the core. The ethanol-water mixture (Al-Ca-In alloy powder to this mixture at a volume ratio of 3:1, with a mass-volume ratio of 1g:5mL) can promote the uniform dispersion of Al-Ca-In alloy powder. Tetraethyl orthosilicate can form a SiO2 shell on the surface of Al-Ca-In alloy powder. The resulting core-shell structure can improve the dispersibility of Al-Ca-In alloy powder. At the same time, the SiO2 shell can isolate corrosive media, thereby improving the corrosion resistance and related performance of the material.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation method of core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier includes the following steps: 1) Weigh aluminum powder, calcium granules and indium granules according to the proportion, add them to an induction melting furnace, heat to 750-780℃ under argon protection, hold for 20-30 minutes until completely melted, and then cool by inert gas atomization to obtain Al-Ca-In alloy powder; dry the alloy powder under vacuum at 80-100℃ for 2-3 hours for later use. 2) Mix Al-Ca-In alloy powder with ethanol-water mixture, ultrasonically disperse at 300-400W for 15-20min, then adjust pH to 3-4 with dilute hydrochloric acid, and then add tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise at a uniform rate over 50-60min. Stir at 200-250r / min at 60-70℃ for 2-3h to obtain an intermediate with SiO2 coated on the surface of Al-Ca-In alloy powder. 3) Centrifuge the mixture obtained in step 2) at 3000-4000 r / min for 10-15 min, wash with ethanol 3-4 times, dry at 120-150℃ for 4-5 h, and finally sinter at 400-450℃ for 1-2 h to obtain a core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier.

[0014] By setting up the above technical solutions, high-purity Al-Ca-In alloy powder with uniform particle size can be prepared by induction melting under argon protection and inert gas atomization. Vacuum drying can remove moisture from the alloy powder to avoid affecting subsequent reactions. Ultrasonic dispersion ensures that the Al-Ca-In alloy powder is uniformly dispersed in an ethanol-water mixture. Adjusting the pH with hydrochloric acid and adding tetraethyl orthosilicate at a uniform rate while stirring allows SiO2 to be uniformly coated on the surface of the Al-Ca-In alloy powder to form an intermediate. Centrifugal washing to remove impurities, drying, and high-temperature sintering can enhance the bonding stability between the SiO2 shell and the Al-Ca-In alloy powder core, ultimately obtaining a core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier with good dispersibility and a strong core-shell structure, thereby improving the relevant application performance of the material.

[0015] Preferably, in step 1), the inert gas atomization method requires a continuous supply of nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa.

[0016] By setting up the above technical solution, nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa is continuously introduced for inert gas atomization, which can not only prevent the molten Al-Ca-In alloy from oxidizing when it comes into contact with air, thus ensuring the purity of the alloy powder, but also achieve rapid crushing and cooling of the alloy melt through appropriate pressure, thereby obtaining Al-Ca-In alloy powder with uniform particle size, providing a high-quality matrix for the subsequent uniform formation of the core-shell structure.

[0017] Preferably, the raw materials for the graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer include: natural rubber, carbon black, amino-modified graphene, benzoyl peroxide, and petroleum ether. The weight-average molecular weight of the natural rubber is 200,000-300,000 g / mol. The mass ratio of natural rubber, carbon black, amino-modified graphene, and benzoyl peroxide is (95-105):(30-40):(5-7):(2-3). The mass ratio of natural rubber to petroleum ether is 1:5.

[0018] By setting up the above technical solution, natural rubber can provide a good elastic base, petroleum ether can dissolve natural rubber to achieve uniform mixing of various raw materials, benzoyl peroxide as an initiator can promote the grafting reaction between amino-modified graphene and natural rubber, and carbon black synergistically enhances the strength, wear resistance and thermal conductivity of the elastomer by amino-modified graphene (high specific surface area and thermal conductivity), and finally forms a graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer with high elasticity, high strength, good thermal conductivity and metal bonding ability, which can realize the functions of vibration buffering and enhanced bonding force.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation method of graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer includes the following steps: a. Dissolve natural rubber in petroleum ether, add amino-modified graphene and benzoyl peroxide, stir at 150-190 r / min for 1-1.5 h at 60-70℃, then add carbon black, continue stirring for 30-40 min, and distill under reduced pressure at 80-90℃ for 1-2 h to obtain solid rubber compound. b. Put the solid rubber compound into a mixer and mix it at 110-130℃ and 40-60 r / min for 30-40 min. After cooling, the graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer is obtained.

[0020] By setting up the above technical solution, petroleum ether can dissolve natural rubber, providing conditions for the uniform mixing of amino-modified graphene, benzoyl peroxide, and carbon black. Stirring at 60-70℃, combined with the initiating effect of benzoyl peroxide, can promote the full grafting reaction between amino-modified graphene and natural rubber. Vacuum distillation can remove residual petroleum ether to obtain solid rubber compound. Intensive mixing at 110-130℃ further enhances the fusion of each component, ultimately obtaining a graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer with uniform component dispersion, good grafting effect, high elasticity, high strength, and excellent bonding performance.

[0021] This application also discloses a forging process for a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod, comprising the following steps: S1. Add aluminum-lithium alloy, Al-V alloy powder, electrolytic copper powder, magnesium powder, and zirconium powder to a vacuum induction furnace in sequence, heat to 760-790℃, hold for 20-30 minutes until completely melted, then add core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier, and electromagnetically stir at 300-400 r / min for 15-20 minutes. Then cast into a preheated steel mold at 200-250℃ to obtain an ingot with a diameter of 120-150 mm, and let it cool naturally to room temperature. S2. Transfer the billet into a box furnace and keep it at 500-520℃ for 24-30 hours. After cooling it to 185-195℃ in the furnace, remove it from the furnace. S3. Heat the ingot obtained in S2 to 460-490℃ and hold for 2-3 hours. Then, perform upsetting and drawing on a forging press, controlling the deformation to 40%-50% to obtain a preliminary shaped billet. Subsequently, heat it to 420-450℃ and hold for 1-1.5 hours. Then, perform final forging on a forging press, controlling the deformation to 30%-40% to obtain a near-net-shape thrust rod metal skeleton. Hold the pressure and cool, controlling the cooling rate to 15-25℃ / min. Open the mold when it cools to 250-300℃. S4. Place the near-net-shape thrust rod metal skeleton obtained in S3 in a shot peening device and perform shot peening treatment with steel shot with a particle size of 0.5-1mm at a pressure of 0.6-0.9MPa for 8-12 minutes. Then, use a zinc-based phosphating agent with a mass concentration of 8%-12% and treat it at 55-65℃ for 12-18 minutes to form a dense phosphating film on the surface of the metal skeleton. Then rinse with room temperature water for 3-5 minutes and dry at 80-100℃ for 10-15 minutes. Finally, dilute the silane coupling agent with deionized water to a mass concentration of 5%-8% and spray it onto the surface of the thrust rod metal skeleton, and let it air dry at room temperature. S5. Graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, vulcanizing agent, and filler are added sequentially to an internal mixer and mixed at 80-100℃ and 50-70 r / min for 20-30 minutes to produce a rubber compound. Subsequently, the rubber compound is wrapped around the buffer part of the metal skeleton and placed in a vulcanization mold for vulcanization treatment for 15-20 minutes to allow the rubber to undergo a cross-linking reaction and firmly bond with the metal skeleton. S6. Transfer the vulcanized thrust rod into an oven and dry it at 120-150℃ for 6-8 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, spray a composite anti-aging agent evenly on its surface and let it air dry for 1-2 hours to obtain a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod.

[0022] By setting up the above technical solutions, vacuum induction furnace melting and electromagnetic stirring can ensure that all components (including core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier and other components) are uniformly dispersed; homogenization treatment (step S2) can eliminate component segregation of ingot; hot forging and controlled cooling process (step S3) can refine metal grains and optimize microstructure and properties; shot peening and phosphating treatment (step S4) can improve the corrosion resistance of the metal surface and lay the foundation for subsequent bonding; silane coupling agent can promote the interfacial bonding between metal and rubber; rubber mixing and vulcanization can achieve full cross-linking of elastomer and promote a firm bond with the metal skeleton of the thrust rod; finally, after drying and spraying with composite anti-aging agent, a thrust rod with excellent corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and stable metal-rubber bonding can be obtained.

[0023] Preferably, in step S5, the temperature during vulcanization is 155-175℃ and the pressure is 12-18MPa.

[0024] By setting the above technical solution, the vulcanization temperature of 155-175℃ can promote the function of the vulcanizing agent, promote the molecular cross-linking of graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, form a stable three-dimensional network structure, and improve the strength and shape retention of rubber; the pressure of 12-18MPa can make the rubber compound fit tightly against the metal skeleton of the thrust rod, eliminate the interfacial gaps and air, and at the same time promote the full contact reaction between the rubber and the metal surface and the silane coupling agent, strengthen the interfacial bonding stability of metal-rubber, and ultimately ensure that the elastic buffer layer is firmly bonded to the metal skeleton.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The aluminum-lithium alloy provides a lightweight foundation and core strength support for the thrust rod. Al-V alloy powder, electrolytic copper powder, magnesium powder, and zirconium powder work together to improve the strength and toughness of the thrust rod by refining grains, forming reinforcing phases, and pinning grain boundaries. The core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier can enhance the corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the thrust rod. Graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer gives the thrust rod excellent vibration damping performance. The vulcanizing agent can realize the cross-linking and shaping of rubber, the filler can optimize the processing performance of the material, the silane coupling agent can strengthen the interfacial bonding strength between metal and rubber, and the composite anti-aging agent delays the material aging of the thrust rod. Ultimately, the thrust rod has both excellent corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, as well as good strength, lightweight performance, vibration damping effect, and weather resistance.

[0026] Natural rubber provides a good elastic base, while petroleum ether can dissolve natural rubber to achieve uniform mixing of all raw materials. Benzoyl peroxide, as an initiator, can promote the grafting reaction between amino-modified graphene and natural rubber. Carbon black, in conjunction with amino-modified graphene (high specific surface area and thermal conductivity), enhances the strength, wear resistance, and thermal conductivity of the elastomer. Ultimately, a graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer is formed, which combines high elasticity, high strength, good thermal conductivity, and the ability to bond with metals. This elastomer can achieve the functions of vibration buffering and enhanced bonding. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1: This embodiment discloses a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod, which, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 60 parts of aluminum-lithium alloy powder with a particle size of 10 μm, 8 parts of Al-V alloy powder with a particle size of 20 μm, 2 parts of electrolytic copper powder with a particle size of 10 μm, 0.5 parts of magnesium powder with a particle size of 15 μm, 0.1 parts of zirconium powder with a particle size of 15 μm, 3 parts of core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier, 10 parts of graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, 1.5 parts of sulfur, 4 parts of talc, 1.5 parts of KH-550, and 1 part of composite anti-aging agent; wherein, the mass fraction of lithium is 1.5% and the mass fraction of V is 30%. The composite anti-aging agent is composed of anti-aging agent 770 and ultraviolet absorber UV-531 mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0029] The raw materials for the core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy-coated nano-SiO2 modifier include: Al-Ca-In alloy powder, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and an ethanol-water mixture; the Al-Ca-In alloy powder is composed of aluminum powder, calcium particles, and indium particles in a mass ratio of 90:4:2, and the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate is 10% of the mass of the Al-Ca-In alloy powder; the ethanol-water mixture is composed of ethanol and water in a volume ratio of 3:1, and the mass-volume ratio of Al-Ca-In alloy powder to the ethanol-water mixture is 1:5.

[0030] The preparation method of core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier includes the following steps: 1) Weigh aluminum powder, calcium granules and indium granules according to the proportion, add them to an induction melting furnace, heat to 750℃ under argon protection, hold for 20 minutes until completely melted, and then cool using an inert gas atomization method (continuously passing nitrogen gas at a pressure of 0.8MPa) to obtain Al-Ca-In alloy powder; dry the alloy powder under vacuum at 80℃ for 2 hours for later use. 2) Mix Al-Ca-In alloy powder with ethanol-water mixture, ultrasonically disperse at 300W power for 15min, then adjust pH to 3 with dilute hydrochloric acid, and then add tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise at a uniform rate over 50min. Stir at 200r / min at 60℃ for 2h to obtain an intermediate with SiO2 coated on the surface of Al-Ca-In alloy powder. 3) Centrifuge the mixture obtained in step 2) at 3000 r / min for 10 min, wash it with ethanol 3 times, dry it at 120℃ for 4 h, and finally sinter it at 400℃ for 1 h to obtain a core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier.

[0031] The raw materials for graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer include: natural rubber, carbon black, amino-modified graphene, benzoyl peroxide, and petroleum ether. The weight-average molecular weight of natural rubber is 200,000 g / mol. The mass ratio of natural rubber, carbon black, amino-modified graphene, and benzoyl peroxide is 95:30:5:2. The mass ratio of natural rubber to petroleum ether is 1:5.

[0032] The preparation method of graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer includes the following steps: a. Dissolve natural rubber in petroleum ether, add amino-modified graphene and benzoyl peroxide, stir at 150 r / min for 1 h at 60 °C, then add carbon black, continue stirring for 30 min, and distill under reduced pressure at 80 °C for 1 h to remove petroleum ether to obtain solid rubber compound. b. Put the solid rubber compound into a mixer and mix it at 110°C and 40 r / min for 30 min. After cooling, the graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer is obtained.

[0033] This embodiment also discloses a forging process for a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod, including the following steps: S1. Add aluminum-lithium alloy, Al-V alloy powder, electrolytic copper powder, magnesium powder, and zirconium powder to a vacuum induction furnace in sequence, heat to 760℃, hold for 20 minutes until completely melted, then add core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier, stir electromagnetically at 300r / min for 15 minutes, and then cast into a preheated steel mold at 200℃ to obtain an ingot with a diameter of 120mm, and let it cool naturally to room temperature. S2. Transfer the billet into a box furnace, keep it at 500℃ for 24 hours, and then remove it from the furnace after cooling it to 185℃. S3. Heat the billet obtained in S2 to 460℃ and hold for 2 hours. Then, perform upsetting and drawing on a forging press, controlling the deformation amount to 40%, to obtain a preliminary shaped billet. Subsequently, heat it to 420℃ and hold for 1 hour. Then, perform final forging on a forging press, controlling the deformation amount to 30%, to obtain a near-net-shape thrust rod metal skeleton. Hold the pressure and cool it, controlling the cooling rate to 15℃ / min. Open the mold when it cools to 250℃. S4. Place the near-net-shape thrust rod metal skeleton obtained in S3 into a shot peening equipment and perform shot peening treatment for 8 minutes at a pressure of 0.6 MPa using steel shot with a particle size of 0.5 mm. Then, treat with 8% zinc-based phosphating agent at 55°C for 12 minutes to form a dense phosphating film on the surface of the metal skeleton. Rinse with room temperature water for 3 minutes and dry at 80°C for 10 minutes. Finally, dilute KH-550 with deionized water to a mass concentration of 5% and spray it onto the surface of the thrust rod metal skeleton, then let it air dry at room temperature. S5. Graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, sulfur, and talc are added to a mixer in sequence and mixed at 80°C and 50 r / min for 20 min to produce a rubber compound. Then, the rubber compound is wrapped around the buffer part of the metal skeleton, placed in a vulcanization mold, and vulcanized at 155°C and 12 MPa for 15 min to allow the rubber to undergo a cross-linking reaction and bond firmly to the metal skeleton. S6. Transfer the vulcanized thrust rod into an oven and dry it at 120℃ for 6 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, spray a composite anti-aging agent evenly on its surface and let it air dry for 1 hour to obtain a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod.

[0034] Example 2: This embodiment discloses a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod, which, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 70 parts of aluminum-lithium alloy powder with a particle size of 50 μm, 12 parts of Al-V alloy powder with a particle size of 50 μm, 4 parts of electrolytic copper powder with a particle size of 30 μm, 1.2 parts of magnesium powder with a particle size of 40 μm, 0.3 parts of zirconium powder with a particle size of 40 μm, 6 parts of core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier, 15 parts of graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, 3 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 7 parts of talc, 2.5 parts of KH-560, and 2 parts of composite anti-aging agent; wherein, the mass fraction of lithium is 2.0%, and the mass fraction of V is 40%. The composite anti-aging agent is composed of anti-aging agent 770 and ultraviolet absorber UV-531 mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0035] The raw materials for the core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy-coated nano-SiO2 modifier include: Al-Ca-In alloy powder, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and an ethanol-water mixture; the Al-Ca-In alloy powder is composed of aluminum powder, calcium particles, and indium particles in a mass ratio of 95:6:4, and the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate is 15% of the mass of the Al-Ca-In alloy powder; the ethanol-water mixture is composed of ethanol and water in a volume ratio of 3:1, and the mass-volume ratio of Al-Ca-In alloy powder to the ethanol-water mixture is 1:5.

[0036] The preparation method of core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier includes the following steps: 1) Weigh aluminum powder, calcium granules and indium granules according to the proportion, add them to an induction melting furnace, heat to 780℃ under argon protection, hold for 30 minutes until completely melted, and then cool using an inert gas atomization method (continuously passing nitrogen gas at a pressure of 1.2MPa) to obtain Al-Ca-In alloy powder; dry the alloy powder under vacuum at 100℃ for 3 hours for later use; 2) Mix Al-Ca-In alloy powder with ethanol-water mixture, ultrasonically disperse at 400W for 20min, then adjust pH to 4 with dilute hydrochloric acid, and add tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise at a uniform rate over 60min. Stir at 250r / min at 70℃ for 3h to obtain an intermediate with SiO2 coated on the surface of Al-Ca-In alloy powder. 3) The mixture obtained in step 2) was centrifuged at 4000 r / min for 15 min, washed with ethanol 4 times, dried at 150℃ for 5 h, and finally sintered at 450℃ for 2 h to obtain a core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier.

[0037] The raw materials for graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer include: natural rubber, carbon black, amino-modified graphene, benzoyl peroxide, and petroleum ether. The weight-average molecular weight of natural rubber is 300,000 g / mol. The mass ratio of natural rubber, carbon black, amino-modified graphene, and benzoyl peroxide is 105:40:7:3. The mass ratio of natural rubber to petroleum ether is 1:5.

[0038] The preparation method of graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer includes the following steps: a. Dissolve natural rubber in petroleum ether, add amino-modified graphene and benzoyl peroxide, stir at 70°C and 190 r / min for 1.5 h, then add carbon black, continue stirring for 40 min, and distill under reduced pressure at 90°C for 2 h to remove petroleum ether to obtain solid rubber compound. b. Put the solid rubber compound into a mixer and mix it at 130°C and 60 r / min for 40 min. After cooling, the graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer is obtained.

[0039] This embodiment also discloses a forging process for a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod, including the following steps: S1. Add aluminum-lithium alloy, Al-V alloy powder, electrolytic copper powder, magnesium powder, and zirconium powder to a vacuum induction furnace in sequence, heat to 790℃, hold for 30 minutes until completely melted, then add core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier, stir electromagnetically at 400r / min for 20 minutes, and then cast into a preheated steel mold at 250℃ to obtain an ingot with a diameter of 150mm, and let it cool naturally to room temperature. S2. Transfer the billet into a box furnace, keep it at 520℃ for 30 hours, and then cool it down to 195℃ before taking it out of the furnace. S3. Heat the billet obtained in S2 to 490℃ and hold for 3 hours. Then, perform upsetting and drawing on a forging press, controlling the deformation amount to 50%, to obtain a preliminary shaped billet. Subsequently, heat it to 450℃ and hold for 1.5 hours. Then, perform final forging on a forging press, controlling the deformation amount to 40%, to obtain a near-net-shape thrust rod metal skeleton. Hold the pressure and cool it, controlling the cooling rate to 25℃ / min. Open the mold when it cools to 300℃. S4. Place the near-net-shape thrust rod metal skeleton obtained in S3 in a shot peening device and perform shot peening treatment for 12 minutes using steel shot with a particle size of 1 mm at a pressure of 0.9 MPa. Then, use a zinc-based phosphating agent with a mass concentration of 12% and treat it at 65°C for 18 minutes to form a dense phosphating film on the surface of the metal skeleton. Rinse with room temperature water for 5 minutes and dry at 100°C for 15 minutes. Finally, dilute KH-560 with deionized water to a mass concentration of 8% and spray it onto the surface of the thrust rod metal skeleton, and let it air dry at room temperature. S5. Graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, dicumyl peroxide, and talc are sequentially added to a mixer and mixed at 100°C and 70 r / min for 30 min to produce a rubber compound. Then, the rubber compound is wrapped around the buffer part of the metal skeleton, placed in a vulcanization mold, and vulcanized at 175°C and 18 MPa for 20 min to allow the rubber to undergo a cross-linking reaction and firmly bond with the metal skeleton. S6. Transfer the vulcanized thrust rod into an oven and dry it at 150℃ for 8 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, spray a composite anti-aging agent evenly on its surface and let it air dry for 2 hours to obtain a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod.

[0040] Example 3: This embodiment discloses a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod, which, by weight, comprises the following raw materials: 65 parts of aluminum-lithium alloy powder with a particle size of 35 μm, 10 parts of Al-V alloy powder with a particle size of 35 μm, 3 parts of electrolytic copper powder with a particle size of 20 μm, 0.8 parts of magnesium powder with a particle size of 25 μm, 0.2 parts of zirconium powder with a particle size of 25 μm, 4 parts of core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier, 12 parts of graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, 2.5 parts of sulfur, 5 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of KH-570, and 1.5 parts of composite anti-aging agent; wherein, the mass fraction of lithium is 1.7% and the mass fraction of V is 35%. The composite anti-aging agent is composed of anti-aging agent 770 and ultraviolet absorber UV-531 mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0041] The raw materials for the core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy-coated nano-SiO2 modifier include: Al-Ca-In alloy powder, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and an ethanol-water mixture; the Al-Ca-In alloy powder is composed of aluminum powder, calcium particles, and indium particles in a mass ratio of 92:5:3, and the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate is 12% of the mass of the Al-Ca-In alloy powder; the ethanol-water mixture is composed of ethanol and water in a volume ratio of 3:1, and the mass-volume ratio of Al-Ca-In alloy powder to the ethanol-water mixture is 1:5.

[0042] The preparation method of core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier includes the following steps: 1) Weigh aluminum powder, calcium granules and indium granules according to the proportion, add them to an induction melting furnace, heat to 765℃ under argon protection, hold for 25 minutes until completely melted, and then cool using an inert gas atomization method (continuously passing nitrogen gas at a pressure of 1MPa) to obtain Al-Ca-In alloy powder; dry the alloy powder under vacuum at 90℃ for 2.5h for later use; 2) The Al-Ca-In alloy powder was mixed with an ethanol-water mixture and ultrasonically dispersed at 350W for 17 min. Then, the pH was adjusted to 3.5 with dilute hydrochloric acid, and tetraethyl orthosilicate was added dropwise at a uniform rate over 55 min. The mixture was stirred at 225 r / min at 65℃ for 2.5 h to obtain an intermediate with SiO2 coated on the surface of the Al-Ca-In alloy powder. 3) The mixture obtained in step 2) was centrifuged at 3500 r / min for 12 min, washed with ethanol 4 times, dried at 135℃ for 4.5 h, and finally sintered at 425℃ for 1.5 h to obtain a core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier.

[0043] The raw materials for graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer include: natural rubber, carbon black, amino-modified graphene, benzoyl peroxide, and petroleum ether. The weight-average molecular weight of the natural rubber is 250,000 g / mol. The mass ratio of natural rubber, carbon black, amino-modified graphene, and benzoyl peroxide is 100:35:6:2.5. The mass ratio of natural rubber to petroleum ether is 1:5.

[0044] The preparation method of graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer includes the following steps: a. Dissolve natural rubber in petroleum ether, add amino-modified graphene and benzoyl peroxide, stir at 170 r / min for 1.2 h at 65 °C, then add carbon black, continue stirring for 35 min, and distill under reduced pressure at 85 °C for 1.5 h to remove petroleum ether, to obtain solid rubber compound; b. Put the solid rubber compound into a mixer and mix it at 120°C and 50 r / min for 35 min. After cooling, the graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer is obtained.

[0045] This embodiment also discloses a forging process for a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod, including the following steps: S1. Add aluminum-lithium alloy, Al-V alloy powder, electrolytic copper powder, magnesium powder, and zirconium powder to a vacuum induction furnace in sequence, heat to 775℃, hold for 25 minutes until completely melted, then add core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier, stir electromagnetically at 350 r / min for 17 minutes, and then cast into a preheated steel mold at 225℃ to obtain an ingot with a diameter of 135 mm, and let it cool naturally to room temperature. S2. Transfer the billet into a box furnace, keep it at 510℃ for 27 hours, and then cool it down to 190℃ before taking it out of the furnace. S3. Heat the ingot obtained in S2 to 475℃ and hold for 2.5h. Then, perform upsetting and drawing on a forging press, controlling the deformation to 45% to obtain a preliminary shaped billet. Then, heat it to 435℃ and hold for 1.2h. Then, perform final forging on a forging press, controlling the deformation to 35% to obtain a near-net-shape thrust rod metal skeleton. Hold the pressure and cool it, controlling the cooling rate to 20℃ / min. Open the mold when it cools to 275℃. S4. Place the near-net-shape thrust rod metal skeleton obtained in S3 in a shot peening equipment and perform shot peening treatment for 10 minutes using steel shot with a particle size of 0.7 mm at a pressure of 0.7 MPa. Then, treat with a 10% zinc-based phosphating agent at 60°C for 15 minutes to form a dense phosphating film on the surface of the metal skeleton. Rinse with room temperature water for 4 minutes and dry at 90°C for 12 minutes. Finally, dilute KH-570 with deionized water to a mass concentration of 6% and spray it onto the surface of the thrust rod metal skeleton, then let it air dry at room temperature. S5. Graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, sulfur, and calcium carbonate are added to an internal mixer in sequence and mixed at 90°C and 60 r / min for 25 min to produce a rubber compound. Then, the rubber compound is wrapped around the buffer part of the metal skeleton, placed in a vulcanization mold, and vulcanized at 165°C and 15 MPa for 17 min to allow the rubber to undergo a cross-linking reaction and bond firmly to the metal skeleton. S6. Transfer the vulcanized thrust rod into an oven and dry it at 135℃ for 7 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, spray a composite anti-aging agent evenly on its surface and let it air dry for 1.5 hours to obtain a corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod.

[0046] Comparative Example 1: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed, the only difference between which is Example 3 is that no core-shell type Al-Ca-In alloy-coated nano-SiO2 modifier is added.

[0047] Comparative Example 2: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed, the only difference between this and Example 3 is that no graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer is added.

[0048] Comparative Example 3: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed, which differ from Example 3 only in that Al-V alloy powder is not added.

[0049] Comparative Example 4: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed, which differ from Example 3 only in that zirconium powder is not added.

[0050] Comparative Example 5: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed, which differ from Example 3 only in that KH-570 (silane coupling agent) is not added.

[0051] Comparative Example 6: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed. The only difference between this and Example 3 is that the core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coating nano-SiO2 modifier is replaced with pure Al-Ca-In alloy powder (without SiO2 shell).

[0052] Comparative Example 7: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed, the only difference between which is Example 3: the graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer is replaced with a blend of ordinary natural rubber and carbon black (without amino-modified graphene grafting).

[0053] Comparative Example 8: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed. The only difference between this and Example 3 is that in-mold controlled cooling is not performed (natural cooling after forging).

[0054] Comparative Example 9: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed, the only difference between this and Example 3 is that no composite anti-aging agent is added.

[0055] Comparative Example 10: A corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod and its forging process are disclosed, the only difference between this and Example 3 is that the metal surface is not phosphated.

[0056] The thrust rods obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-10 were subjected to performance tests for tensile strength, fatigue life, metal hardness, rubber hardness, weather resistance, metal-rubber bond strength, and low-temperature impact toughness. The testing methods and standards for each performance are as follows: 1. Tensile strength: Refer to "Metallic materials, tensile testing - Part 1: Test at room temperature" (GB / T 228.1-2021), cut a standard circular cross-section specimen with a diameter of 10 mm and a gauge length of 25 mm from the metal part of the thrust rod; use a universal testing machine to stretch the specimen at a rate of 2 mm / min until it breaks; record the maximum stress during the test, which is the tensile strength of the metal part.

[0057] 2. Fatigue life: Referring to the "Method for Axial Force Control in Fatigue Testing of Metallic Materials" (GB / T 3075-2022), the axial force control mode was adopted, with the stress ratio R=0.1 and the frequency 10Hz; a load of 1.2 times the rated load was applied to the thrust rod for cyclic loading; the number of cycles when the thrust rod broke was recorded, and this number of cycles is the fatigue life.

[0058] 3. Metal Hardness: Refer to "Metallic Materials Rockwell Hardness Test Part 1: Test Method" (GB / T 230.1-2018) and use a Rockwell hardness tester (HRC scale); select 3 evenly distributed measuring points on the metal surface of the thrust rod, apply a load of 1470N to each measuring point and hold the pressure for 15s; record the hardness value of each measuring point, and take the average value of the hardness values ​​of the 3 measuring points as the metal hardness.

[0059] 4. Rubber Hardness: Refer to "Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Vulcanized Rubber or Thermoplastic Rubber - Part 1: Shore Hardness Tester (Shore Hardness)" (GB / T 531.1-2019) and use a Shore A hardness tester; select 5 evenly distributed test points on the flat part of the rubber surface of the thrust rod, apply a load of 9.8 N to each test point and hold the pressure for 3 s; record the hardness value of each test point, and take the average value of the hardness values ​​of the 5 test points as the rubber hardness.

[0060] 5. Weather Resistance: Referring to the "Artificial Climate Aging Test Method for Plastics, Coatings and Rubber Materials for Mechanical Industry Products" (GB / T 14522-2021), the thrust rod was placed in a simulated aging chamber with a temperature of 60±2℃ and a humidity of 90±5%, using a UVB-313 lamp as the light source. The thrust rod underwent a 1000-hour artificial climate aging test. After the test, the tensile strength and fatigue life of the thrust rod were measured. The weather resistance retention rate was calculated using the formula "Weather Resistance Retention Rate = (Performance Value After Aging / Performance Value Before Aging) × 100%", where the average of the weather resistance retention rates of tensile strength and fatigue life was taken as the final weather resistance retention rate.

[0061] 6. Metal-Rubber Bond Strength: Refer to "Determination of Adhesion Strength between Rubber and Metal - Part 1: Tensile Shear Method" (GB / T 14074-2017), adopt the tensile shear mode, and set the shear rate to 50 mm / min; fix the metal part and rubber part of the thrust rod on the test device and conduct a tensile shear test; record the maximum force during the tensile shear process; measure the actual bonding area between the metal and rubber; calculate the metal-rubber bond strength according to the formula "bond strength = maximum force / bonding area".

[0062] 7. Low-temperature impact toughness: Refer to the Charpy pendulum impact test method for metallic materials (GB / T 229-2020) to prepare a V-notch specimen (notch depth 2mm) from the metal part of the thrust rod; place the specimen in a low-temperature environment of -40℃ for 30min; use an impact testing machine to conduct an impact test on the specimen after the temperature is maintained; record the energy consumed during the impact process, which is the low-temperature impact toughness.

[0063] The results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1 Performance parameters of the thrust rods obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-10 Group Tensile strength (MPa) Fatigue life (times) Metal hardness (HRC) Rubber hardness (HA) Weather resistance retention rate (%) Metal-rubber bond strength (MPa) Low-temperature impact toughness (J) Example 1 850 <![CDATA[1.5×10 6 ]]> 38 62 88 8.2 28 Example 2 900 <![CDATA[1.8×10 6 ]]> 40 64 92 9.0 30 Example 3 950 <![CDATA[2.0×10 6 ]]> 42 66 95 10.0 32 Comparative Example 1 800 <![CDATA[1.2×10 6 ]]> 36 65 75 9.8 25 Comparative Example 2 940 <![CDATA[1.0×10 6 ]]> 41 50 93 4.5 31 Comparative Example 3 820 <![CDATA[1.1×10 6 ]]> 35 66 94 9.9 22 Comparative Example 4 830 <![CDATA[1.0×10 6 ]]> 34 65 92 9.7 20 Comparative Example 5 945 <![CDATA[1.3×10 6 ]]> 42 66 94 4.0 32 Comparative Example 6 810 <![CDATA[1.1×10 6 ]]> 37 65 78 9.6 24 Comparative Example 7 948 <![CDATA[1.2×10 6 ]]> 42 55 85 6.0 31 Comparative Example 8 810 <![CDATA[1.0×10 6 ]]> 35 66 93 9.9 21 Comparative Example 9 946 <![CDATA[1.5×10 6 ]]> 42 66 70 9.8 32 Comparative Example 10 940 <![CDATA[1.3×10 6 ]]> 42 66 72 9.7 32 Using Example 3 as the control group, the performance differences and causes of Comparative Examples 1-10 are analyzed as follows: Comparative Example 1 (without core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier): tensile strength decreased from 950 MPa to 800 MPa, a decrease of 15.8%; fatigue life decreased from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ MPa. 6 The value decreased to 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 6 The first reduction was 40%; the weather resistance retention rate decreased from 95% to 75%, a decrease of 21.1%. This was because the modifier was not added, resulting in the lack of Al-Ca-In's optimization effect on grain boundaries and SiO2's isolation effect on corrosive media. This led to coarsening of the metal matrix grains, making it easier for corrosive media to penetrate into the matrix, which in turn reduced the strength, fatigue performance, and weather resistance of the thrust rod.

[0065] Comparative Example 2 (natural rubber-carbon black elastomer without graphene addition): fatigue life from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 The value decreased to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 The first decrease was 50%; the rubber hardness decreased from 66HA to 50HA, a decrease of 24.2%; and the metal-rubber bond strength decreased from 10.0MPa to 4.5MPa, a decrease of 55%. This is because ordinary natural rubber / carbon black elastomers have low strength and only a mechanical bond with metal. Under vibration loads, the rubber is prone to cracking or peeling from the metal, failing to effectively buffer the load, leading to a decrease in the fatigue life of the thrust rod, rubber hardness, and interfacial bond strength.

[0066] Comparative Example 3 (without Al-V alloy powder): Tensile strength decreased from 950 MPa to 820 MPa, a decrease of 13.7%; fatigue life decreased from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ MPa. 6 The value decreased to 1.1 × 10⁻⁶. 6 The first decrease was 45%; the low-temperature impact toughness decreased from 32J to 22J, a decrease of 31.2%. The reason is that without the addition of Al-V alloy powder, the lack of Al3V precipitation has a relatively grain-refining effect, resulting in coarse grains in the metal matrix, reduced grain boundary strength, easy propagation of fatigue cracks along grain boundaries, and easy brittle fracture at low temperatures, leading to a decrease in the strength, fatigue performance, and low-temperature toughness of the thrust rod.

[0067] Comparative Example 4 (without zirconium powder): Tensile strength decreased from 950 MPa to 830 MPa, a decrease of 12.6%; fatigue life decreased from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ MPa. 6 The value decreased to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 The first decrease was 50%; the low-temperature impact toughness decreased from 32J to 20J, a decrease of 37.5%. The reason is that without the addition of zirconium powder, the lack of Al3Zr nanoparticles pinning the grain boundaries makes the grains prone to growth during heating, reducing high-temperature stability, fatigue resistance, and low-temperature toughness, thus leading to a decrease in the strength, fatigue performance, and low-temperature toughness of the thrust rod.

[0068] Comparative Example 5 (without KH-570): The metal-rubber bond strength decreased from 10.0 MPa to 4.0 MPa, a decrease of 60%. The reason is that without the addition of the silane coupling agent, there is no chemical bond between the metal and the rubber, and the bond is only achieved through mechanical interlocking. During the peeling process, the metal and rubber are easily separated, and the load cannot be effectively transferred, resulting in a significant decrease in the metal-rubber bond strength.

[0069] Comparative Example 6 (core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier replaced with pure Al-Ca-In alloy powder): tensile strength decreased from 950 MPa to 810 MPa, a decrease of 14.7%; fatigue life decreased from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ MPa. 6 The value decreased to 1.1 × 10⁻⁶. 6 Secondly, the rate of decrease was 45%; the weather resistance retention rate decreased from 95% to 78%, a decrease of 17.9%. The reason is that pure Al-Ca-In alloy powder is prone to agglomeration in the metal matrix, resulting in uneven dispersion, and lacks the isolation effect of SiO2 shell on corrosive media, thus weakening the strengthening and corrosion resistance effects, leading to a decrease in the strength, fatigue performance and weather resistance of the thrust rod.

[0070] Comparative Example 7 (graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer replaced with a blend of ordinary natural rubber and carbon black): fatigue life increased from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 The value decreased to 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 6The first decrease was 40%; the rubber hardness decreased from 66HA to 55HA, a decrease of 16.7%; and the metal-rubber bond strength decreased from 10.0 MPa to 6.0 MPa, a decrease of 40%. This is because the blend of ordinary natural rubber and carbon black lacks amino graphene grafting modification, resulting in lower rubber strength and poor thermal conductivity. Uneven cross-linking during vulcanization leads to weaker bonding strength with the metal, making it prone to aging and cracking under vibration. This results in a decrease in the fatigue life of the thrust rod, rubber hardness, and interfacial bond strength.

[0071] Comparative Example 8 (without in-mold controlled cooling): Tensile strength decreased from 950 MPa to 810 MPa, a decrease of 14.7%; fatigue life decreased from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ MPa. 6 The value decreased to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 The first decrease was 50%; the low-temperature impact toughness decreased from 32J to 21J, a decrease of 34.4%. The reason is that in-mold controlled cooling was not carried out, the natural cooling rate after forging was slow, large internal stress was generated in the metal, and the grains grew, making it easy to generate microcracks, resulting in a decrease in the strength, fatigue performance and low-temperature toughness of the thrust rod.

[0072] Comparative Example 9 (without added composite anti-aging agent): Weather resistance retention rate decreased from 95% to 70%, a decrease of 26.3%. The reason is that without the addition of composite anti-aging agent, the hindered amine anti-aging agent lacks the free radical scavenging effect and the UV absorber lacks the UV light absorption effect. During the aging process, the rubber molecular chains are prone to breakage and the metal surface is prone to oxidation, resulting in a significant decrease in the weather resistance of the thrust rod.

[0073] Comparative Example 10 (metal surface not phosphated): Weather resistance retention rate decreased from 95% to 72%, a decrease of 24.2%. The reason is that without phosphate treatment, a dense phosphate film cannot be formed on the metal surface, and a loose oxide layer is easily formed. Corrosive media can easily penetrate the oxide layer and invade the metal interior, resulting in a decrease in the weather resistance of the thrust rod.

[0074] In summary, the core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated with nano-SiO2 modifier refines the grain size, isolates corrosive media, and improves the corrosion resistance and fatigue performance of the thrust rod. Graphene-grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer enhances the rubber's strength and thermal conductivity, improving vibration damping capacity and metal-rubber bonding strength. Al-V alloy powder and zirconium powder synergistically refine the grain size, while silane coupling agents KH-560 and KH-550 synergistically enhance interfacial bonding. The composite anti-aging agent delays material aging. The combination of these components synergistically improves the thrust rod's strength, toughness, weather resistance, and damping performance.

[0075] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod characterized by, The composition raw materials include, in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of aluminum-lithium alloy, 8-12 parts of Al-V alloy powder, 2-4 parts of electrolytic copper powder, 0.5-1.2 parts of magnesium powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of zirconium powder, 3-6 parts of core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier, 10-15 parts of graphene grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, 1.5-3 parts of vulcanizing agent, 4-7 parts of filler, 1.5-2.5 parts of silane coupling agent, and 1-2 parts of composite anti-aging agent.

2. The corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod of claim 1, wherein, The aluminum-lithium alloy is aluminum-lithium alloy powder with a particle size of 10-50 μm, wherein the mass fraction of lithium is 1.5%-2.0%; the Al-V alloy powder has a particle size of 20-50 μm, wherein the mass fraction of V is 30%-40%.

3. The corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod of claim 1, wherein, The electrolytic copper powder has a particle size of 10-30 μm, the magnesium powder has a particle size of 15-40 μm, the zirconium powder has a particle size of 15-40 μm, the vulcanizing agent is sulfur or dicumyl peroxide, the filler is calcium carbonate or talc, the silane coupling agent is one of KH-550, KH-560 or KH-570, and the composite anti-aging agent is obtained by mixing a hindered amine anti-aging agent and an ultraviolet absorber at a mass ratio of 3:

1.

4. The corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod of claim 1, wherein, The core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier comprises Al-Ca-In alloy powder, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ethanol-water mixed solution; The Al-Ca-In alloy powder is composed of aluminum powder, calcium particles and indium particles at a mass ratio of (90-95):(4-6):(2-4), the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate is 10%-15% of the mass of the Al-Ca-In alloy powder, the ethanol-water mixed solution is obtained by mixing ethanol and water at a volume ratio of 3:1, and the mass-volume ratio of the Al-Ca-In alloy powder to the ethanol-water mixed solution is 1:

5.

5. The corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod of claim 4, wherein, The preparation method of the core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier comprises the following steps: 1) aluminum powder, calcium particles and indium particles are weighed according to the proportion, added into an induction melting furnace, heated to 750-780℃ under argon protection, kept for 20-30 min until completely melted, then cooled by inert gas atomization method to obtain Al-Ca-In alloy powder, and the alloy powder is vacuum dried at 80-100℃ for 2-3 h for standby; 2) the Al-Ca-In alloy powder is mixed with the ethanol-water mixed solution, ultrasonically dispersed at a power of 300-400 W for 15-20 min, then the pH is adjusted to 3-4 with dilute hydrochloric acid, and tetraethyl orthosilicate is added at a uniform speed within 50-60 min, stirred at a speed of 200-250 r / min at 60-70℃ for 2-3 h to obtain an intermediate of Al-Ca-In alloy powder coated with SiO2 on the surface; 3) the mixed solution obtained in step 2) is centrifuged at a speed of 3000-4000 r / min for 10-15 min, washed with ethanol for 3-4 times, then dried at 120-150℃ for 4-5 h, and finally sintered at 400-450℃ for 1-2 h to obtain the core-shell Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano-SiO2 modifier.

6. The corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod of claim 5, wherein, In step 1), the inert gas atomization method needs to continuously introduce nitrogen gas with a pressure of 0.8-1.2 MPa.

7. The corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod of claim 1, wherein, The composition of the graphene grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer includes natural rubber, carbon black, amino modified graphene, benzoyl peroxide and petroleum ether, and the weight average molecular weight of the natural rubber is 200000-300000 g / mol; The mass ratio of the natural rubber, carbon black, amino modified graphene and benzoyl peroxide is (95-105):(30-40):(5-7):(2-3); and the mass ratio of the natural rubber and petroleum ether is 1:

5.

8. The corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod of claim 7, wherein, The preparation method of the graphene grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer includes the following steps: a. The natural rubber is dissolved in petroleum ether, and then the amino modified graphene and benzoyl peroxide are added, and stirred at a speed of 150-190 r / min at 60-70℃ for 1-1.5 h, followed by adding carbon black and continuing to stir for 30-40 min, and then distilling at 80-90℃ under reduced pressure for 1-2 h to obtain a solid rubber; b. The solid rubber is put into an internal mixer, and mixed at a speed of 40-60 r / min at 110-130℃ for 30-40 min, and then cooled to obtain the graphene grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer.

9. A forging process for a corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, characterized by, The method includes the following steps: S1, the aluminum-lithium alloy, Al-V alloy powder, electrolytic copper powder, magnesium powder and zirconium powder are sequentially added into a vacuum induction furnace, heated to 760-790℃, and kept for 20-30 min until completely melted, then the core-shell type Al-Ca-In alloy coated nano SiO2 modifier is added, and electromagnetic stirring is carried out at a speed of 300-400 r / min for 15-20 min, and then poured into a preheated 200-250℃ steel mold to obtain an ingot with a diameter of 120-150 mm, and then naturally cooled to room temperature; S2, the ingot is transferred into a box furnace, and kept at 500-520℃ for 24-30 h, and then taken out of the furnace after cooling to 185-195℃ in the furnace; S3, the ingot obtained in S2 is heated to 460-490℃, kept for 2-3 h, and then subjected to upsetting and elongation treatment on a forging press, and the deformation amount is controlled to be 40%-50% to obtain a preliminary formed blank, and then heated to 420-450℃, kept for 1-1.5 h, and subjected to final forging forming treatment on the forging press, and the deformation amount is controlled to be 30%-40% to obtain a near net shape thrust rod metal skeleton, and then pressure holding cooling is carried out and the cooling rate is controlled to be 15-25℃ / min, and the mold is opened when the temperature is cooled to 250-300℃; S4, the near net shape thrust rod metal skeleton obtained in S3 is placed in a shot blasting equipment, steel shots with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm are used, and shot blasting treatment is carried out at a pressure of 0.6-0.9 MPa for 8-12 min; then a zinc-based phosphating agent with a mass concentration of 8%-12% is used to treat for 12-18 min at 55-65℃ to form a phosphating film, and then the phosphating film is washed with normal temperature water for 3-5 min and dried at 80-100℃ for 10-15 min; finally, the silane coupling agent is diluted with deionized water to a mass concentration of 5%-8%, and sprayed on the surface of the thrust rod metal skeleton, and then air dried at room temperature. S5, graphene grafted natural rubber-carbon black elastomer, vulcanizing agent, filler are added into the internal mixer in turn, and the rubber compound is prepared by mixing at 80-100℃ and 50-70r / min for 20-30min; then the rubber compound is coated on the buffer part of the metal framework, and the vulcanization treatment is carried out in the vulcanization mold for 15-20min, so that the rubber is crosslinked and combined with the metal; S6, the vulcanized thrust rod is transferred into the oven, dried at 120-150℃ for 6-8min, and cooled to room temperature; then the composite anti-aging agent is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the thrust rod, and dried for 1-2h to obtain the corrosion-resistant and fatigue-resistant thrust rod.

10. The corrosion resistant, fatigue resistant thrust rod forging process of claim 9, wherein, In step S5, the temperature during the vulcanization treatment is 155-175℃, and the pressure is 12-18MPa.