Tow processing nozzle based on stepped steam diffusion and multifunctional modification method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tow processing nozzle based on stepped steam diffusion and a multifunctional modification method, and relates to the technical field of spinning processing.The nozzle comprises a body and at least two layers of orifice plates arranged in a steam runner of the body in the flow direction; compared with the upstream orifice plate, the downstream orifice plate has smaller through hole diameter and more through holes, so that a stepped steam diffusion channel is formed. According to the method, humidifying steam or mixed steam carrying a functional medium is sprayed to the surface of a tow at a specific angle through the nozzle. Through a unique stepped diffusion structure, the problems of non-uniform steam jet flow and high energy consumption are solved, and the uniformity and stability of tow modulus regulation and control are improved; meanwhile, by introducing a functional medium, integrated modification of multiple functions such as coloring, static resistance and degradation assistance is achieved, the production process is simplified, the equipment cleaning time is shortened, wastewater discharge is reduced, and the industrial application value is remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of spinning processing technology, and particularly relates to a tow processing nozzle based on stepped steam diffusion and a multifunctional modification method. Background Technology

[0002] Fiber acetate tows are widely used in cigarette filter rods, textiles, and medical materials due to their excellent hand feel, luster, and biocompatibility. Their mechanical properties, especially modulus, are key indicators affecting the quality of the final product, impacting the softness of textiles and the amount of spinning fly. For example, in high-end textiles, a lower tow modulus is required to achieve a softer feel. In the manufacture of cellulose acetate tows, a lower tow modulus is needed to reduce the amount of fly generated during production, thereby ensuring a clean workshop environment.

[0003] Currently, steam conditioning is commonly used in industry to relax and modulate acetate fiber bundles. Existing technologies typically use a single-layer perforated plate or a simple straight nozzle to spray saturated steam onto the fiber bundle surface, or steam is passed through a dispersion plate to create a humid and hot environment in the chamber, thereby treating the fiber bundle. However, these methods have some drawbacks: (1) The steam jet generated by the single-layer perforated plate has temperature and humidity gradients between the core and edge areas, resulting in different treatment levels in different parts of the fiber bundle, affecting product quality. (2) Some high-temperature steam escapes before fully exchanging heat with the fiber bundle, and is prone to generating eddies, increasing energy consumption. At the same time, uneven heat exchange can easily generate excessive condensate, affecting fiber bundle quality and increasing subsequent drying energy consumption. (3) Existing technologies can only achieve basic conditioning and heat setting. If coloring, antistatic, or other modifications are required for the fiber bundle, they must be carried out separately in subsequent processes, resulting in long process flow, high energy consumption, and large equipment investment. (4) Concentrated high-speed steam flow will generate significant noise, disturbing the operating fiber bundle and increasing the risk of belt breakage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a tow treatment nozzle and method that can provide a uniform and stable steam field, efficiently utilize energy, and achieve multi-functional integrated modification, in order to break through the bottleneck restricting the improvement of tow quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the first objective of this invention is to provide a filament processing nozzle based on stepped steam diffusion, and the second objective is to provide a multifunctional modification method for filament processing using the nozzle, thereby realizing application value in areas such as steam energy efficiency optimization and simultaneous modulus adjustment and functional modification in a single process.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned first objective, the present invention provides a technical solution for a wire bundle treatment nozzle based on stepped steam diffusion, comprising: a nozzle body having a steam flow channel formed therein; and at least two layers of nozzle plates sequentially disposed within the steam flow channel along the steam flow direction; wherein, in the at least two layers of nozzle plates, the through-hole diameter of the downstream nozzle plate is smaller than the through-hole diameter of the upstream nozzle plate, and the number of through-holes in the downstream nozzle plate is greater than the number of through-holes in the upstream nozzle plate.

[0006] As the most preferred embodiment, the number of nozzle plates is three layers.

[0007] Preferably, the through-hole shape of the nozzle plate is one of the following: circular, rectangular, multi-leaf, or star-shaped.

[0008] Preferably, in the three-layer spray plate, from upstream to downstream, the diameter of the through holes is 0.60-0.70mm, 0.45-0.55mm, and 0.30-0.40mm respectively; the number of through holes is 8-12, 12-18, and 24-32 respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the through holes on the nozzle plate are arranged in an array, and the through holes of each nozzle plate are aligned or staggered in the row and column directions.

[0010] Preferably, the nozzle body includes a detachably connected upper cover and a nozzle seat, the nozzle plate is disposed between the upper cover and the nozzle seat by fasteners, and a sealing member is provided at the connection.

[0011] Preferably, the spray end face of the nozzle plate forms an acute angle with the central axis of the nozzle body, so that the spray direction of the steam jet forms an angle between 20° and 90° with the surface of the filament bundle.

[0012] As the most preferred option, the included angle is 50° to 70°.

[0013] Preferably, the nozzle is disposed in the processing chamber, and its spray direction is toward the filament channel in the chamber, with a spray distance of 10 to 100 mm.

[0014] To achieve the second objective mentioned above, the present invention provides a technical solution for a multifunctional modification method for treating filaments using the nozzle, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1: Pass the filament bundle through a circumferentially sealed processing chamber with filament bundle channels at only two ends, and evenly distribute the filament bundle processing nozzles in the processing chamber so that they face the filament bundle.

[0016] S2: Introduce humidifying steam into the fiber bundle processing nozzle;

[0017] S3: The steam is formed into a uniform jet through the stepped diffusion channel of the filament processing nozzle and sprayed onto the surface of the filament to perform moisture conditioning treatment on the filament to adjust its modulus.

[0018] Preferably, step S2 further includes: introducing a functional medium into the humidifying steam, so that the functional medium and the steam are mixed to form mixed steam, and sprayed together onto the surface of the filament bundle to achieve integrated modulus adjustment and functional modification.

[0019] Preferably, the functional medium is mixed with steam via siphon, pressurized transport, or the Venturi effect.

[0020] Preferably, the functional medium includes one or more of colorants, antistatic agents, softeners, plasticizers, hydrophilic agents, or biodegradable agents.

[0021] As the preferred option, the colorant is an easy-to-wash food-grade pigment, and the mixed steam is color vapor, used to prepare colored filaments.

[0022] Preferably, the antistatic agent is an easy-to-clean, environmentally friendly reagent, and the mixed steam is mixed steam containing the antistatic agent, used to improve the antistatic properties of the filament bundle.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

[0024] First, it significantly improves the uniformity and stability of steam treatment. Through a unique stepped steam diffusion structure (at least two layers of nozzle plates with decreasing orifice size and increasing orifice number), a gradient steam flow channel is constructed, which transforms the steam jet from "concentrated impact" to "uniform surface flow". This solves the core problems of uneven steam jet and low energy utilization in existing technologies, and generates a uniform and stable steam field. This improves the uniformity (CV value) of acetate fiber bundle modulus adjustment, while reducing energy consumption, noise and residual condensate.

[0025] Secondly, it reduces energy consumption and environmental costs; the stepped diffusion structure reduces steam eddies and dissipation, thus reducing energy consumption; the low-speed uniform jet reduces working noise and improves the operating environment; traditional dyeing production lines require cleaning tens of meters of pipeline and dyeing vat when changing colors, while this invention only requires rinsing the short pipeline from the metering pump to the nozzle, shortening the cleaning time and reducing wastewater discharge by more than 90%, significantly reducing environmental treatment costs.

[0026] Furthermore, the process is stable, safe, and easily scalable; the functional medium is efficiently mixed with steam through pressurization / siphoning, without interfering with the steam's effect on the heat and humidity regulation of the filament bundle; by replacing the nozzle plate with different orifice diameters / numbers, it can be adapted to various specifications of filament bundles without the need to replace the entire nozzle; and the nozzle adopts a detachable top cover and nozzle seat structure, which facilitates the replacement of the nozzle plate and internal cleaning; the optimized spray distance and angle reduce the disturbance of high-speed steam to the filament bundle, reduce the risk of belt breakage, and ensure the stability of continuous production.

[0027] Finally, the invention achieves multifunctional integrated modification, simplifying the production process. By integrating the functional medium interface into the nozzle, the invention enables the simultaneous completion of multifunctional integrated modification such as coloring, antistatic properties, and degradation aids in a single hot and wet process. This eliminates the traditional lengthy and energy-intensive post-processing, simplifies the production process, and has significant industrial application value. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the nozzle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the nozzle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional perspective view of the nozzle orifice plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3a This is a schematic diagram of the first-layer nozzle orifice plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3b This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle middle layer spray plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3c This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle end layer spray plate of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a bottom-view schematic diagram of the nozzle in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle placed in the processing cavity in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Top cover; 2. Nozzle holder; 3. First-layer nozzle plate; 4. Middle-layer nozzle plate; 5. Last-layer nozzle plate; 6. Top cover connector; 7. O-ring seal; 8. Sealing gasket; 9. Bolt; 10. Through hole in the first-layer nozzle plate; 11. Through hole in the middle-layer nozzle plate; 12. Through hole in the last-layer nozzle plate; 13. Threaded hole; 14. Processing chamber; 15. Wire bundle; 16. Wire guide clamp; 17. Sealing clamp; 18. Nozzle; 19. Two-fluid gas-water mixing nozzle; 20. Functional medium storage tank; 21. High-temperature steam; 22. Steam pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to this application are shown in the accompanying drawings, not the entire structure. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0039] The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. All embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention use uncrimped acetate fiber tows with a specification of 3.0Y / 32000 as test materials to ensure the comparability and reproducibility of the results.

[0040] Example 1: Low-modulus treatment of cellulose acetate tows and comparison of its effects

[0041] Example 1 provides a tow processing nozzle based on stepped steam diffusion, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the filament processing nozzle includes: an upper cover 1, a nozzle plate, and a nozzle seat 2; the upper part of the upper cover 1 is fastened with an upper cover connector 6 by bolts 9, and a cylindrical steam input connector is integrated at the top center of the upper cover connector 6. Below the connector, there is a cylindrical steam through hole with a diameter of 25mm. The steam through hole penetrates the main body of the upper cover 1 to the bottom. The steam flow channel joint between the upper cover 1 and the upper cover connector 6 is sealed by an O-ring seal 7 to ensure that steam only enters the area of ​​the first-layer nozzle plate 3 evenly. The upper cover 1 and the upper cover connector 6 have a stepped structure to adapt to the installation space of the processing chamber.

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, bolt through holes are evenly arranged around the bottom periphery of the upper cover 1. The bolt through holes correspond one-to-one with the threaded holes 13 around the nozzle seat 2. By passing the bolt 9 through the bolt through holes and screwing it into the threaded holes 13 around the nozzle seat 2, the upper cover 1 and the nozzle seat 2 can be tightly connected.

[0043] (1) As Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, the nozzle holder 2 has a hollow cavity in the middle. The shape and size of the cavity are just right to hold three layers of nozzle plates, which are arranged from top to bottom as follows: first layer nozzle plate 3, middle layer nozzle plate 4, and last layer nozzle plate 5. The specific parameters of the three layers of nozzle plates are as follows:

[0044] First-layer spray plate 3: hole diameter 0.65mm, number of holes 10, first-layer through holes 10 are distributed in a rectangular array, hole spacing 1.5cm.

[0045] Middle layer spray plate 4: hole diameter 0.50mm, number of holes 15, middle layer through holes 11 are distributed in a rectangular array, hole spacing 1.0cm.

[0046] The final layer spray plate 5 has a hole diameter of 0.35 mm and 28 holes. The final layer through holes 12 are distributed in a rectangular array with a hole spacing of 0.8 cm.

[0047] The through-hole shape of the nozzle plate can be one of the following: circular, rectangular, multi-leaf, or star-shaped.

[0048] The through holes of the three-layer nozzle plate are staggered in the row and column directions. The first-layer nozzle plate 3 and the middle-layer nozzle plate 4 are staggered by 0.3 cm in width and 0 cm in length; the middle-layer nozzle plate 4 and the last-layer nozzle plate 5 are staggered by 0.15 cm in width and 0.3 cm in length; the first-layer nozzle plate 3 and the last-layer nozzle plate 5 are staggered by 0.45 cm in width and 0.3 cm in length. By staggering the through holes, mutual interference of steam jets is avoided, and uniformity is further improved.

[0049] A sealing gasket is provided around the perimeter between the three layers of nozzle plates. The sealing gasket provides a seal while ensuring a relative distance between the nozzle plates, preventing steam from leaking through the perimeter of the nozzle plates. A bottom steam channel is opened in the middle of the bottom of the nozzle seat cavity. The bottom steam channel is surrounded by the bottom of the nozzle seat cavity. The shape of the bottom of the nozzle seat cavity is adapted to the shape of the nozzle plate. The size of the bottom steam channel is slightly smaller than the size of the nozzle plate so that the last layer of nozzle plate 5 can be firmly placed at the bottom of the nozzle seat 2 cavity and is located directly above the bottom steam channel.

[0050] The bottom periphery of the upper cover 1 is provided with an annular flange, which is directly opposite the lower annular sealing gasket 8. The annular sealing gasket 8 is located above the periphery of the first layer of nozzle plate 3 in the cavity of the nozzle seat 2. The upper cover 1 and the nozzle seat 2 are fastened by bolts 9, which can realize the pressure of the annular flange on the sealing gasket 8. Through the transmission of force, the sealing gasket between the nozzle plates is also pressurized at the same time, which enhances the airtightness of the joint between the upper cover 1 and the nozzle seat 2 and ensures that steam can only pass through the steam flow channel and through the three layers of through holes of the nozzle plate.

[0051] Example 1 also provides a multifunctional modification method for filament bundles based on stepped vapor diffusion, which aims to verify the technical effects of the nozzle of the present invention in terms of modulus adjustment uniformity, energy efficiency and stability, including the following steps;

[0052] (1) Equipment preparation: Refer to Figure 1-4 The filament processing nozzle of the present invention is assembled. The nozzle body is composed of an upper cover 1 and a nozzle seat 2 connected by bolts 9 and threaded holes 13, and an O-ring seal 7 is provided at the mating surface. Figure 1-4 , Figure 3a As shown in -c, the three stainless steel spray nozzle plates include: a first-layer spray nozzle plate 3, a middle-layer spray nozzle plate 4, and a last-layer spray nozzle plate 5. They are fixed between the upper cover 1 and the nozzle holder 2 using bolts 9 and threaded holes 13. Sealing gaskets 8 are provided between adjacent spray nozzle plates. The specific parameters of the three spray nozzle plates are as follows:

[0053] First-layer spray plate 3: hole diameter 0.65mm, number of holes 10, first-layer through holes 10 are distributed in a rectangular array, hole spacing 1.5cm.

[0054] Middle layer spray plate 4: hole diameter 0.50mm, number of holes 15, middle layer through holes 11 are distributed in a rectangular array, hole spacing 1.0cm.

[0055] The final layer spray plate 5 has a hole diameter of 0.35 mm and 28 holes. The final layer through holes 12 are distributed in a rectangular array with a hole spacing of 0.8 cm.

[0056] The through holes of the three-layer nozzle plate are staggered in the row and column directions. The first-layer nozzle plate 3 and the middle-layer nozzle plate 4 are staggered by 0.3 cm in width and 0 cm in length; the middle-layer nozzle plate 4 and the last-layer nozzle plate 5 are staggered by 0.15 cm in width and 0.3 cm in length; the first-layer nozzle plate 3 and the last-layer nozzle plate 5 are staggered by 0.45 cm in width and 0.3 cm in length. By staggering the through holes, mutual interference of steam jets is avoided, and uniformity is further improved.

[0057] The nozzle 18 is fixedly installed inside the processing chamber 14 and communicates with the steam pipe. The processing chamber 14 is a circumferentially sealed processing chamber with filament channels at only two ends. Inside the processing chamber 14, the filament processing nozzles are evenly distributed above and below the filament 15, such that the steam injection direction of the filament processing nozzles forms a 30° angle with the normal to the surface of the filament 15, and the injection distance is set to 50mm. Figure 5 As shown, the uncurled cellulose acetate bundle 15 is passed through the processing chamber 14 at a speed of 500 m / min, and its operation is kept stable by the guide clamp 16 to reduce the disturbance of the nozzle steam to the bundle 15. In addition, the processing chamber 14 is closed by the sealing clamp 17 to ensure that the steam does not leak out.

[0058] (2) Introducing steam: High-temperature steam 21 with a pressure of 0.2MPa and a temperature of 140℃ is introduced into the nozzle through steam pipe 22, and the steam flow rate is precisely controlled at 40kg / h.

[0059] (3) Humidification treatment of the filament bundle: After the steam flows through the stepped diffusion channel of the nozzle, it forms a uniform and stable steam jet to humidify the filament bundle 15. The treatment time is about 0.3 seconds.

[0060] Effect Verification: Before and after treatment, the modulus of the filament bundle was tested using a BGD-5 universal tensile strength tester according to GB / T 14344-2022 standard. Noise and condensate volume were monitored using a sound level meter and electronic balance. For comparison, the same batch of filament bundles was treated with a traditional single-layer perforated nozzle (0.45mm orifice diameter, 28 orifices) under the same process conditions as a control example. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1: Comparison of Test Results between the Stepped Diffusion Nozzle of the Present Invention and the Comparative Single-Layer Plate Nozzle

[0062]

[0063] The data in Table 1 shows that the stepped diffusion structure of the present invention brings about a synergistic technological leap, not only surpassing the existing technology in core indicators (modulus reduction and uniformity), but also achieving significant progress in energy consumption and environmental protection (noise).

[0064] Example 2: Verification of integrated coloring and low-poly quantization processing and equipment convenience

[0065] Example 2 provides a multifunctional modification method for filament processing using the nozzle, aiming to verify the effectiveness of the present invention in achieving multifunctional integrated modification and to demonstrate its convenience in equipment cleaning and maintenance.

[0066] Unlike the method in Example 1, in Example 2, a functional medium is introduced into the humidifying steam, causing the functional medium to mix with the steam to form mixed steam, which is then sprayed onto the surface of the filament bundle, achieving integrated modulus adjustment and functional modification. The following focuses on the differences from the method in Example 1:

[0067] (1) Equipment and process: such as Figure 5As shown, based on the steam pipeline of Example 1, a two-fluid gas-water mixing nozzle 19 is connected. One end of the two-fluid gas-water mixing nozzle 19 is connected to high-temperature steam 21, and the other end is connected to a functional medium storage tank 20. The steam mixed with the functional medium is then connected to the steam pipeline 22, and distributed to the various filament processing nozzles 18 in the processing chamber 14 through the steam pipeline 22. The functional medium is a food-grade red pigment aqueous solution with a concentration of 2.5%. A precision metering pump is installed in the pipeline. The operation and steam process parameters of the filament 15 are the same as in Example 1. While the high-temperature steam 21 is introduced, the metering pump is started to deliver the pigment solution to the steam pipeline 22 at a rate of 5L / h through pressurization. The solution mixes with the mainstream steam in the pipeline to form a uniform red mixed steam, which is then sprayed out by the nozzles 18 and applied to the filament 15.

[0068] (2) Effect verification: The modulus of the treated filament bundle was 19.2±4.8cN / dtex (mean ± standard deviation), which was not significantly different from the data in Example 1, proving that the introduction of the functional medium did not interfere with the low modulus effect and reflected the stability of the process; filament bundle 15 was dyed into a uniform red color. According to GB / T 3920-2008 standard (Y(B)571-III type color fastness rubbing tester), the color fastness of the dyed filament bundle (dry rubbing) reached level 4, which met the application requirements.

[0069] (3) Equipment convenience verification: After processing, media switching is performed to simulate actual conditions. First, the pigment metering pump is turned off and switched to the clean water pipeline. Then, clean water and a small amount of steam are introduced into nozzle 18 to rinse only the very short pipeline (<3 meters) from the metering pump to the nozzle orifice. The rinsing time is about 20 minutes. Finally, switch to the new pigment solution storage tank, and the production of new colored tows can begin.

[0070] Traditional dyeing production line cleaning requires hours or even longer to clean dyeing vats, rolling mills, and pipelines tens of meters long, generating large amounts of wastewater. This invention simplifies equipment cleaning to nozzle cleaning, reducing downtime, cleaning costs, and environmental pollution.

[0071] Example 3: Integrated treatment of antistatic and low modulus

[0072] Example 3 provides a multifunctional modification method for tow processing using the nozzle, aiming to verify the scalability of the present invention for tow functional modification.

[0073] (1) Apparatus and process: The steps are the same as in Example 2, except that the functional medium 20 is replaced with an environmentally friendly antistatic agent with a concentration of 1%, which is injected at a rate of 5L / h through pressurized delivery.

[0074] (2) Effect Verification: After treatment, the modulus of the filament bundle stabilized and decreased to 17.8±2.8 cN / dtex, showing no significant difference from the data in Example 1, demonstrating the stability of the process. Referring to GB / T 14342-2015 testing (YG321 resistivity tester), the resistivity of the filament bundle decreased from 3.92*10⁻⁶ before treatment. 12 Ω·cm decreased to 9.7*10 7 Below Ω, its antistatic properties are significantly improved.

[0075] (3) Easy-to-clean characteristic: To verify the easy-to-clean property of the antistatic agent treatment, the cleaning pipeline was switched to the cleaning pipeline, and clean water and a small amount of steam were introduced into nozzle 18. The cleaning of the pipeline was completed in 20 minutes. Finally, the steam was switched to resume normal tow production. The residual amount of antistatic agent in the pipeline after cleaning was <0.1%, which proves its easy-to-clean property.

[0076] Example 4: Integrated processing of Venturi effect and low-modulus quantization

[0077] Example 4 provides a multifunctional modification method for tow processing using the nozzle;

[0078] (1) Apparatus and process: Unlike Example 2, the mixing method of the functional medium in Example 4 utilizes the Venturi effect. A Venturi tube is connected in series with the steam pipe 22, and the functional medium is drawn in by the negative pressure generated by the high-speed flow of steam;

[0079] (2) Effect verification: By calculating the amount of steam and functional medium consumed per unit time, the mixing efficiency of the two can reach more than 90%. After treatment, the modulus of the filament bundle stabilized at 18.5±3.2cN / dtex, which was not significantly different from the data in Example 1, demonstrating the stability of the process.

[0080] Example 5: Integrated treatment of siphon effect, softener and low modulus

[0081] Example 5 provides a multifunctional modification method for tow processing using the nozzle;

[0082] (1) Apparatus and process: Unlike Example 2, the mixing method of the functional medium in Example 5 utilizes the siphon effect: the medium storage tank is placed below the nozzle, and the medium is drawn in by the siphon effect of the steam flow, which is suitable for low viscosity media; unlike Example 2, in addition to the colorant, the functional medium in Example 5 also introduces a softener. By adding 0.5% softener glycerin to the steam, the tow is dyed while the steam softens the tow;

[0083] (2) Effect verification: After treatment, the elongation at break of the filament bundle increased by 15%, and the modulus was 13.2±2.1cN / dtex (mean ± standard deviation), while the modulus decreased by 15% compared with Example 1, proving that the softener can effectively synergistically adjust the modulus; the filament bundle was dyed a uniform green, and according to GB / T 3920-2008 standard (Y(B)571-III type color fastness rubbing tester), the color fastness of the dyed filament bundle (dry rubbing) reached level 4, which meets the application requirements.

[0084] Example 6: Filament treatment of two-layer nozzle plates

[0085] Example 6 provides a tow processing nozzle based on stepped steam diffusion, which differs from Example 1 in that the nozzle in Example 6 uses two layers of nozzle plates;

[0086] (1) Apparatus and process: The first layer of the spray plate has a hole diameter of 0.65 mm and 10 holes, and the last layer of the spray plate has a hole diameter of 0.35 mm and 28 holes. The other parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0087] (2) Effect Verification: Under the same process conditions, the nozzle with two layers of orifice plates was compared with the traditional single-layer orifice plate nozzle (orifice diameter 0.45mm, number of orifices 28). The test results after processing the same batch of filaments are shown in Table 2: Table 2: Comparison of test effects between the two-layer orifice plate nozzle of the present invention and the comparative single-layer plate nozzle

[0088]

[0089] The modulus of the treated filament bundle was 18.85 cN / dtex, which was 8.6% lower than that of the traditional nozzle; the modulus CV value was 18.5%, which was 24% higher than that of the traditional nozzle, proving that the two-layer structure can still achieve a stepped diffusion effect.

[0090] In summary, the present invention, through the specific embodiments provided, demonstrates that its core structure of "stepped vapor diffusion" and "integrated modification" method solve the technical defects in the prior art and have significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0091] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention. Where the present invention is not mentioned, the prior art applies.

Claims

1. A stepwise vapor diffusion based filament treatment nozzle, characterized in that, The nozzle body has a steam flow channel formed inside; and at least two layers of jet orifice plates arranged in the steam flow channel in sequence; wherein the orifice hole diameter of the jet orifice plate located downstream is smaller than that of the jet orifice plate located upstream, and the number of orifice holes of the jet orifice plate located downstream is more than that of the jet orifice plate located upstream. The number of jet orifice plates is three.

2. The step-vapor-diffusion-based filament treatment nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The shape of the orifice hole of the jet orifice plate is one of circular, rectangular, multi-lobed, or star-shaped.

3. The step-vapor-diffusion-based filament treatment nozzle of claim 1, wherein, In the three layers of jet orifice plates, from upstream to downstream, the orifice hole diameter is 0.60-0.70mm, 0.45-0.55mm, and 0.30-0.40mm, respectively; and the number of orifice holes is 8-12, 12-18, and 24-32, respectively.

4. The step-vapor-diffusion-based filament treatment nozzle of claim 2, wherein, The orifice holes on the jet orifice plate are arranged in an array, and the orifice holes of each layer of jet orifice plates are aligned or staggered in the row and column directions.

5. The step-vapor-diffusion-based filament treatment nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The nozzle body includes a detachably connected upper cover and a nozzle seat, and the jet orifice plate is arranged between the upper cover and the nozzle seat through fasteners, and a sealing member is arranged at the connection.

6. The step-vapor-diffusion-based filament treatment nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The jet orifice plate is arranged at an acute angle with the central axis of the nozzle body, so that the jet direction of the steam jet forms an included angle of 20° to 90° with the surface of the filament bundle.

7. The step-vapor-diffusion-based filament treatment nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The included angle is 50° to 70°.

8. The step-vapor-diffusion-based filament treatment nozzle of claim 7, wherein, The nozzle is arranged in a processing cavity, and the jet direction is towards the filament channel in the cavity, and the jet distance is 10-100mm.

9. The step-vapor-diffusion-based filament treatment nozzle of claim 1, wherein, The filament processing nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used to process a filament bundle, including the following steps:

10. A multi-functional modification method of a filament bundle based on stepped vapor diffusion, characterized by, S1: passing the filament bundle through a circumferentially closed processing cavity with only two ends having a filament channel, and uniformly arranging the filament processing nozzle in the processing cavity and facing the filament bundle; S2: introducing humidification steam into the filament processing nozzle; S3: forming a uniform jet stream through the stepped diffusion channel of the filament processing nozzle, and spraying it onto the surface of the filament bundle to adjust the modulus of the filament bundle. In step S2, a functional medium is also introduced into the humidification steam, so that the functional medium and the steam are mixed to form mixed steam, and are jointly sprayed onto the surface of the filament bundle to realize integrated modulus adjustment and functional modification.

11. The step-ladder vapor diffusion based filament multifunctional modification method according to claim 10, wherein, The functional medium is mixed with the steam by siphon, pressure boosting, or Venturi effect.

12. The step-ladder vapor diffusion based filament multifunctional modification method according to claim 11, wherein, The functional medium includes one or more of a colorant, an antistatic agent, a softening agent, a plasticizing agent, a hydrophilic agent, or a biodegradation aid.

13. The step-ladder vapor diffusion based filament multifunctional modification method according to claim 11, wherein, The colorant is an easy-to-clean food-grade pigment, and the mixed steam is color steam used to prepare colored filaments.

14. The multi-functional modification of a tow based on stepped vapor diffusion according to claim 13, wherein, The antistatic agent is an easy-to-clean environmentally friendly agent, and the mixed steam is mixed steam containing an antistatic agent used to improve the antistatic property of the filament bundle.

15. The multi-functional modification of a tow based on stepped vapor diffusion according to claim 13, wherein, ​

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